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Borsa BA, Hernandez LI, Jiménez T, Tellapragada C, Giske CG, Hernandez FJ. Therapeutic-oligonucleotides activated by nucleases (TOUCAN): A nanocarrier system for the specific delivery of clinical nucleoside analogues. J Control Release 2023; 361:260-269. [PMID: 37541593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been in clinical use since 1960s and they are still used as the first therapeutic option for several cancers and viral infections, due to their high therapeutic efficacy. However, their wide clinical acceptance has been limited due to their high toxicity and severe side effects to patients. Herein, we report on a nanocarrier system that delivers nucleosides analogues in a target-specific manner, making nucleoside-based therapeutics safer and with the possibility to be used in other human conditions. This system, named, Therapeutic OligonUCleotides Activated by Nucleases" (TOUCAN) combines: i) the recognition power of oligonucleotides as substrates, ii) the use of nucleases as enzymatic biomarkers and iii) the clinical efficacy of nucleoside analogues, in a single approach. As a proof-of-concept, we report on a TOUCAN that is activated by a specific nuclease produced by bacteria and releases a therapeutic nucleoside, floxuridine. We demonstrate, for the first time, that, by incorporating a therapeutic nucleoside analogue into oligonucleotide probes, we can specifically inhibit bacterial growth in cultures. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus was selected as the targeted bacteria and the TOUCAN strategy successfully inhibited its growth with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.62 to 40 mg/L across all tested strains. Moreover, our results indicate that the intravenous administration of TOUCANs at a dose of 20 mg/kg over a 24-h period is a highly effective method for treating bacterial infections in a mouse model of pyomyositis. Importantly, no signs of toxicity were observed in our in vitro and in vivo studies. This work can significantly impact the current management of bacterial infections, laying the grounds for the development of a different class of antibiotics. Furthermore, it can provide a safer delivery platform for clinical nucleoside therapeutics in any human conditions, such as cancer and viral infection, where specific nuclease activity has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris A Borsa
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping, Sweden; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden; Nucleic Acid Technologies Laboratory (NAT-Lab), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Luiza I Hernandez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Sweden; SOMAprobes, Science and Technology Park of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Tania Jiménez
- SOMAprobes, Science and Technology Park of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Chaitanya Tellapragada
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank J Hernandez
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Linköping, Sweden; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden; Nucleic Acid Technologies Laboratory (NAT-Lab), Linköping, Sweden.
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Telisnor G, DeRemer DL, Frimpong E, Agyare E, Allen J, Ricks-Santi L, Han B, George T, Rogers SC. Review of genetic and pharmacogenetic differences in cytotoxic and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer in African Americans. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:164-174. [PMID: 36801148 PMCID: PMC10639003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer mortality and the incidence is projected to increase by 2030. Despite recent advances in its treatment, African Americans have a 50-60% higher incidence and 30% higher mortality rate when compared to European Americans possibly resulting from differences in socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and genetics. Genetics plays a role in cancer predisposition, response to cancer therapeutics (pharmacogenetics), and in tumor behavior, making some genes targets for oncologic therapeutics. We hypothesize that the germline genetic differences in predisposition, drug response, and targeted therapies also impact PDAC disparities. To demonstrate the impact of genetics and pharmacogenetics on PDAC disparities, a review of the literature was performed using PubMed with variations of the following keywords: pharmacogenetics, pancreatic cancer, race, ethnicity, African, Black, toxicity, and the FDA-approved drug names: Fluoropyrimidines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, Gemcitabine, Nab-Paclitaxel, Platinum agents, Pembrolizumab, PARP-inhibitors, and NTRK fusion inhibitors. Our findings suggest that the genetic profiles of African Americans may contribute to disparities related to FDA approved chemotherapeutic response for patients with PDAC. We recommend a strong focus on improving genetic testing and participation in biobank sample donations for African Americans. In this way, we can improve our current understanding of genes that influence drug response for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guettchina Telisnor
- College of Pharmacy, CaRE(2) Health Equity Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David L DeRemer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Esther Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Edward Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - John Allen
- College of Pharmacy, CaRE(2) Health Equity Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luisel Ricks-Santi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 600 SW Archer Road, PO BOX 100278, Gainesville, FL 32610- 0278, USA
| | - Sherise C Rogers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 600 SW Archer Road, PO BOX 100278, Gainesville, FL 32610- 0278, USA.
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Pinto-Merino Á, Labrador J, Zubiaur P, Alcaraz R, Herrero MJ, Montesinos P, Abad-Santos F, Saiz-Rodríguez M. Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030559. [PMID: 35335935 PMCID: PMC8954545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by remarkable toxicity and great variability in response to treatment. Plenteous pharmacogenetic studies have already been published for classical therapies, such as cytarabine or anthracyclines, but such studies remain scarce for newer drugs. There is evidence of the relevance of polymorphisms in response to treatment, although most studies have limitations in terms of cohort size or standardization of results. The different responses associated with genetic variability include both increased drug efficacy and toxicity and decreased response or resistance to treatment. A broad pharmacogenetic understanding may be useful in the design of dosing strategies and treatment guidelines. The aim of this study is to perform a review of the available publications and evidence related to the pharmacogenetics of AML, compiling those studies that may be useful in optimizing drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Labrador
- Research Unit, Fundación Burgos por la Investigación de la Salud (FBIS), Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (J.L.); (R.A.)
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
| | - Pablo Zubiaur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.Z.); (F.A.-S.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Alcaraz
- Research Unit, Fundación Burgos por la Investigación de la Salud (FBIS), Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (J.L.); (R.A.)
| | - María José Herrero
- Pharmacogenetics Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.Z.); (F.A.-S.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Saiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
- Research Unit, Fundación Burgos por la Investigación de la Salud (FBIS), Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain; (J.L.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-947-281-800 (ext. 36078)
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Di Francia R, Crisci S, De Monaco A, Cafiero C, Re A, Iaccarino G, De Filippi R, Frigeri F, Corazzelli G, Micera A, Pinto A. Response and Toxicity to Cytarabine Therapy in Leukemia and Lymphoma: From Dose Puzzle to Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050966. [PMID: 33669053 PMCID: PMC7956511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, the authors propose a crosswise examination of cytarabine-related issues ranging from the spectrum of clinical activity and severe toxicities, through updated cellular pharmacology and drug formulations, to the genetic variants associated with drug-induced phenotypes. Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside; Ara-C) in multiagent chemotherapy regimens is often used for leukemia or lymphoma treatments, as well as neoplastic meningitis. Chemotherapy regimens can induce a suboptimal clinical outcome in a fraction of patients. The individual variability in clinical response to Leukemia & Lymphoma treatments among patients appears to be associated with intracellular accumulation of Ara-CTP due to genetic variants related to metabolic enzymes. The review provides exhaustive information on the effects of Ara-C-based therapies, the adverse drug reaction will also be provided including bone pain, ocular toxicity (corneal pain, keratoconjunctivitis, and blurred vision), maculopapular rash, and occasional chest pain. Evidence for predicting the response to cytarabine-based treatments will be highlighted, pointing at their significant impact on the routine management of blood cancers. Abstract Cytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog, commonly used in multiagent chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, as well as for neoplastic meningitis. Ara-C-based chemotherapy regimens can induce a suboptimal clinical outcome in a fraction of patients. Several studies suggest that the individual variability in clinical response to Leukemia & Lymphoma treatments among patients, underlying either Ara-C mechanism resistance or toxicity, appears to be associated with the intracellular accumulation and retention of Ara-CTP due to genetic variants related to metabolic enzymes. Herein, we reported (a) the latest Pharmacogenomics biomarkers associated with the response to cytarabine and (b) the new drug formulations with optimized pharmacokinetics. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with detailed and comprehensive information on the effects of Ara-C-based therapies, from biological to clinical practice, maintaining high the interest of both researcher and clinical hematologist. This review could help clinicians in predicting the response to cytarabine-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Di Francia
- Italian Association of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Diagnostics, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Stefania Crisci
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (G.I.); (R.D.F.); (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela De Monaco
- Clinical Patology, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, “S.M. delle Grazie Hospital”, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati, Statte, 74010 Taranto, Italy
- Correspondence: or (C.C.); (A.M.); Tel.:+39-34-0101-2002 (C.C.); +39-06-4554-1191 (A.M.)
| | - Agnese Re
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giancarla Iaccarino
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (G.I.); (R.D.F.); (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Rosaria De Filippi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (G.I.); (R.D.F.); (G.C.); (A.P.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Corazzelli
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (G.I.); (R.D.F.); (G.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or (C.C.); (A.M.); Tel.:+39-34-0101-2002 (C.C.); +39-06-4554-1191 (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (G.I.); (R.D.F.); (G.C.); (A.P.)
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Gemcitabine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells can be reverted by Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase in the nucleus or cytosol. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:247. [PMID: 32973960 PMCID: PMC7509507 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has consistently presented a challenge in terms of the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present study, gemcitabine (dFdC)-resistant TNBC cells were established, and the effects of lentivirus-deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dNK) and a mutated form of dNK (lentivirus-dNKmut) on reversing the acquired drug resistance in dFdC-resistant TNBC cells were explored. Quantitative PCR and western blotting experiment results suggested that Drosophila melanogaster (Dm)-dNK was stably expressed in the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231R cells in the nucleus or cytosol, and autoradiography experiments revealed similar levels of enzymatic activity in the cells expressing dNK or dNKmut. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the IC50 values of dFdC were decreased 30~50-fold in the dFdC-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells following lentiviral transfection with dNK or dNKmut, and this effect was associated with a significantly increased rate of apoptosis compared with the cells transfected with the negative control lentivirus. In conclusion, Dm-dNK in the nucleus or cytosol may be a potential candidate for reversing acquired dFdC resistance in TNBC cells, which may form the basis of novel strategies for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant TNBC.
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Sun Y, Wang J, Hao K. A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compound 4- N-Carbobenzoxy-gemcitabine (Cbz-dFdC). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092218. [PMID: 32397338 PMCID: PMC7248705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (dFdC) demonstrates significant effectiveness against solid tumors in vitro and in vivo; however, its clinical application is limited because it tends to easily undergo deamination metabolism. Therefore, we synthesized 4-N-carbobenzoxy-gemcitabine (Cbz-dFdC) as a lead prodrug and conducted a detailed pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation. After intragastric Cbz-dFdC administration, the Cmax of Cbz-dFdC and dFdC was 451.1 ± 106.7 and 1656.3 ± 431.5 ng/mL, respectively. The Tmax of Cbz-dFdC and dFdC was 2 and 4 h, respectively. After intragastric administration of Cbz-dFdC, this compound was mainly distributed in the intestine due to low carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) activity. Cbz-dFdC is activated by CES1 in both humans and rats. The enzyme kinetic curves were well fitted by the Michaelis–Menten equation in rats’ blood, plasma, and tissue homogenates and S9 of the liver and kidney, as well as human liver S9 and CES1 recombinase. The pharmacodynamic results showed that the Cbz-dFdC have a good antitumor effect in the HepG2 cell and in tumor-bearing mice, respectively. In general, Cbz-dFdC has good pharmaceutical characteristics and is therefore a good candidate for a potential prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kun Hao
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-83271170
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7
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An initial genetic analysis of gemcitabine-induced high-grade neutropenia in pancreatic cancer patients in CALGB 80303 (Alliance). Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 29:123-131. [PMID: 30889042 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the standard of care regimens for advanced pancreatic cancer is gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. The efficacy of gemcitabine is limited by dose-limiting hematologic toxicities especially neutropenia. Uncovering the variability of these toxicities attributed to germline DNA variation is of great importance. PATIENTS AND METHODS CALGB 80303 was a randomized study in advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine with or without bevacizumab. The study protocol included genotyping of genes of gemcitabine disposition (CDA, DCTD, SLC29A1, SLC28A1, and SLC29A2), as well as a genome-wide analysis. The clinical phenotype was time to early high-grade neutropenia event accounting for progression or death or other treatment-terminating adverse events as competing for informative events. The inference was carried out on the basis of the association between genotype and cause-specific hazard of a neutropenic event. RESULTS The primary analyses were carried out on the basis of 294 genetically estimated European pancreatic cancer patients. For CDA rs2072671 (A>C), AC and CC patients had a lower risk of neutropenia than AA patients (P=0.01, hazard ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.89). For SLC28A1 rs3825876 (G>A), AA patients have a higher risk of neutropenia than GA and GG patients (P=0.02, hazard ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.16). CDA rs2072671 was associated with increased mRNA expression in whole blood in three studies (P=2.7e-14, 6.61e-62, and 9.70e-65). In the genome-wide analysis, variants in TGFB2 were among the top hits (lowest P=1.62e-06) but had no effect in luciferase assays. CONCLUSION This is the first genetic analysis of gemcitabine-induced neutropenia using a competing risk model in a prospective randomized clinical study has proposed a potentially novel mechanism of the protective effect of the CDA rs2072671 variant. Further confirmation is needed.
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Garcia-Cremades M, Melillo N, Troconiz IF, Magni P. Mechanistic Multiscale Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anticancer Drug 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:608-617. [PMID: 32043298 PMCID: PMC7214642 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to build a mechanistic multiscale pharmacokinetic model for the anticancer drug 2’,2’‐difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine, dFdC), able to describe the concentrations of dFdC metabolites in the pancreatic tumor tissue in dependence of physiological and genetic patient characteristics, and, more in general, to explore the capabilities and limitations of this kind of modeling strategy. A mechanistic model characterizing dFdC metabolic pathway (metabolic network) was developed using in vitro literature data from two pancreatic cancer cell lines. The network was able to describe the time course of extracellular and intracellular dFdC metabolites concentrations. Moreover, a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe clinical dFdC profiles by using enzymatic and physiological information available in the literature. This model was then coupled with the metabolic network to describe the dFdC active metabolite profile in the pancreatic tumor tissue. Finally, global sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the parameters that mainly drive the interindividual variability for the area under the curve (AUC) of dFdC in plasma and of its active metabolite (dFdCTP) in tumor tissue. From this analysis, cytidine deaminase (CDA) concentration was identified as the main driver of plasma dFdC AUC interindividual variability, whereas CDA and deoxycytidine kinase concentration mainly explained the tumor dFdCTP AUC variability. However, the lack of in vitro and in vivo information needed to characterize key model parameters hampers the development of this kind of mechanistic approach. Further studies to better characterize pancreatic cell lines and patient enzymes polymorphisms are encouraged to refine and validate the current model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Cremades
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicola Melillo
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Iñaki F Troconiz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paolo Magni
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Yi Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Wu K, Zhang W. Reconstruction and analysis of circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network in the pathology of cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2209-2225. [PMID: 30816541 PMCID: PMC6412533 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed with the aim of understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and providing novel biomarkers for cervical cancer by constructing a regulatory circular (circ)RNA‑micro (mi)RNA‑mRNA network. Using an adjusted P-value of <0.05 and an absolute log value of fold-change >1, 16 and 156 miRNAs from GSE30656 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 5,321 mRNAs from GSE63514, 4,076 mRNAs from cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (from TCGA) and 75 circRNAs from GSE102686 were obtained. Using RNAhybrid, Venn and UpSetR plot, 12 circRNA‑miRNA pairs and 266 miRNA‑mRNA pairs were obtained. Once these pairs were combined, a circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network with 11 circRNA nodes, 4 miRNA nodes, 153 mRNA nodes and 203 edges was constructed. By constructing the protein‑protein interaction network using Molecular Complex Detection scores >5 and >5 nodes, 7 hubgenes (RRM2, CEP55, CHEK1, KIF23, RACGAP1, ATAD2 and KIF11) were identified. By mapping the 7 hubgenes into the preliminary circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network, a circRNA‑miRNA‑hubgenes network consisting of 5 circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_000596, hsa_circRNA_104315, hsa_circRNA_400068, hsa_circRNA_101958 and hsa_circRNA_103519), 2 mRNAs (hsa‑miR‑15b and hsa‑miR‑106b) and 7 mRNAs (RRM2, CEP55, CHEK1, KIF23, RACGAP1, ATAD2 and KIF11) was constructed. There were 22 circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA regulatory axes identified in the subnetwork. By analyzing the overall survival for the 7 hubgenes using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tool, higher expression of RRM2 was demonstrated to be associated with a significantly poorer overall survival. PharmGkb analysis identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs5030743 and rs1130609 of RRM2, which can be treated with cladribine and cytarabine. RRM2 was also indicated to be involved in the gemcitabine pathway. The 5 circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_000596, hsa_circRNA_104315, hsa_circRNA_400068, hsa_circRNA_101958 and hsa_circRNA_103519) may function as competing endogenous RNAs and serve critical roles in cervical cancer. In addition, cytarabine may produce similar effects to gemcitabine and may be an optional chemotherapeutic drug for treating cervical cancer by targeting rs5030743 and rs1130609 or other similar SNPs. However, the specific mechanism of action should be confirmed by further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiong Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Imai H, Saijo K, Komine K, Otsuki Y, Ohuchi K, Sato Y, Okita A, Takahashi M, Takahashi S, Shirota H, Takahashi M, Ishioka C. Antibiotic therapy augments the efficacy of gemcitabine-containing regimens for advanced cancer: a retrospective study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7953-7965. [PMID: 31686910 PMCID: PMC6709792 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s215697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of antibiotics reportedly augments the efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) in tumor-bearing mice. However, whether this phenomenon is also observed in cancer patients remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether antibiotics for treatment or prevention of infection augments treatment efficacies of GEM-containing regimens in patients with any type of cancer. METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed with cancer histopathologically and treated with GEM-containing regimens (n=169) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were assigned into two groups: antibiotics-untreated group (patients who were treated with GEM-containing regimens but without antibiotics) and antibiotics-treated group (patients who were treated with GEM-containing regimens plus antibiotics). Response rates, progression-free survival (PFS) time, and overall survival (OS) time were analyzed for each group. RESULTS The response rates of the antibiotics-untreated and antibiotics-treated groups with GEM-containing regimens were 15.1% and 27.6%, respectively. The median PFS times of the antibiotics-untreated and antibiotics-treated groups were 2.5 (95% CI: 1.86-3.73) and 4.9 (95% CI: 3.47-6.0) months, respectively. The median OS times of the antibiotics-untreated and antibiotics-treated groups were 7.53 (95% CI: 5.63-9.57) months and 13.83 (95% CI: 10.83-16.43) months, respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of antibiotics augments the treatment efficacies of GEM-containing regimens, and it may be a potential therapeutic option to improve treatment efficacies of GEM-containing regimens in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Imai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken Saijo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keigo Komine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Otsuki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Developing, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kota Ohuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Okita
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Developing, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Developing, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Shirota
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Developing, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Developing, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Correspondence: Chikashi IshiokaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai980-8575, JapanTel +81 22 717 8543Fax +81 22 717 8548Email
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11
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Guo J, Li Y, Lam CWK, Wang C, Yao M, Zhang W. ZH-1 enhances the anticancer activity of gemcitabine via deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and apoptotic pathway against A549 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:222-230. [PMID: 29653181 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of ZH-1 ((6S,9aS,6aR,9bR)-6-(phenylcarbonyl)-6,6a,9a,9b-tetrahydro-8H-azolidino[3,4-a]b enzo [e]indolizine-7,9-dione) and its potential interaction with gemcitabine in A549 cells. MTT assay showed that the combined use of gemcitabine and ZH-1 presented a significant inhibition effect on A549 cell growth with the cell viability from 82.3 ± 5.6% to 51.0 ± 6.6%. The CI value was 0.60 suggesting a synergistic effect between these two drugs. HPLC-MS/MS data indicated that combined treatment with gemcitabine and ZH-1 induced a significant decrease in deoxyadenosine triphosphate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxyguanosine triphosphate and deoxythymidine triphosphate levels compared with use of gemcitabine alone. Five RNs as well as seven dRNs were considered to be significantly contributive to the discrimination of samples. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the combination treatment caused A549 cell apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway by up-regulating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activating caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and promoting caspase-7, caspase-9 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage. Collectively, the combined treatment with gemcitabine and ZH-1 exerted a strong synergistic action on anticancer activity through growth inhibition, perturbations in ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides and the activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
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12
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Tsume Y, Drelich AJ, Smith DE, Amidon GL. Potential Development of Tumor-Targeted Oral Anti-Cancer Prodrugs: Amino Acid and Dipeptide Monoester Prodrugs of Gemcitabine. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081322. [PMID: 28796151 PMCID: PMC5826767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles for cancer therapies is to deliver medicines effectively to target sites. Since stroma cells are developed around tumors, chemotherapeutic agents have to go through stroma cells in order to reach tumors. As a method to improve drug delivery to the tumor site, a prodrug approach for gemcitabine was adopted. Amino acid and dipeptide monoester prodrugs of gemcitabine were synthesized and their chemical stability in buffers, resistance to thymidine phosphorylase and cytidine deaminase, antiproliferative activity, and uptake/permeability in HFF cells as a surrogate to stroma cells were determined and compared to their parent drug, gemcitabine. The activation of all gemcitabine prodrugs was faster in pancreatic cell homogenates than their hydrolysis in buffer, suggesting enzymatic action. All prodrugs exhibited great stability in HFF cell homogenate, enhanced resistance to glycosidic bond metabolism by thymidine phosphorylase, and deamination by cytidine deaminase compared to their parent drug. All gemcitabine prodrugs exhibited higher uptake in HFF cells and better permeability across HFF monolayers than gemcitabine, suggesting a better delivery to tumor sites. Cell antiproliferative assays in Panc-1 and Capan-2 pancreatic ductal cell lines indicated that the gemcitabine prodrugs were more potent than their parent drug gemcitabine. The transport and enzymatic profiles of gemcitabine prodrugs suggest their potential for delayed enzymatic bioconversion and enhanced resistance to metabolic enzymes, as well as for enhanced drug delivery to tumor sites, and cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. These attributes would facilitate the prolonged systemic circulation and improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
| | - Adam J Drelich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
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13
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Loc WS, Linton SS, Wilczynski ZR, Matters GL, McGovern CO, Abraham T, Fox T, Gigliotti CM, Tang X, Tabakovic A, Martin JA, Clawson GA, Smith JP, Butler PJ, Kester M, Adair JH. Effective encapsulation and biological activity of phosphorylated chemotherapeutics in calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2313-2324. [PMID: 28673852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistant cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are difficult to treat, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems can overcome some of the limitations of conventional systemic chemotherapy. In this study, we demonstrate that FdUMP and dFdCMP, the bioactive, phosphorylated metabolites of the chemotherapy drugs 5-FU and gemcitabine, can be encapsulated into calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles (CPSNPs). The non-phosphorylated drug analogs were not well encapsulated by CPSNPs, suggesting the phosphate modification is essential for effective encapsulation. In vitro proliferation assays, cell cycle analyses and/or thymidylate synthase inhibition assays verified that CPSNP-encapsulated phospho-drugs retained biological activity. Analysis of orthotopic tumors from mice treated systemically with tumor-targeted FdUMP-CPSNPs confirmed the in vivo up take of these particles by PDAC tumor cells and release of active drug cargos intracellularly. These findings demonstrate a novel methodology to efficiently encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents into the CPSNPs and to effectively deliver them to pancreatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welley S Loc
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Samuel S Linton
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zachary R Wilczynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher O McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher M Gigliotti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amra Tabakovic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jo Ann Martin
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Clawson
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter J Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James H Adair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering/Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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14
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Bird NTE, Elmasry M, Jones R, Psarelli E, Dodd J, Malik H, Greenhalf W, Kitteringham N, Ghaneh P, Neoptolemos JP, Palmer D. Immunohistochemical hENT1 expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Br J Surg 2017; 104:328-336. [PMID: 28199010 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs) are transmembranous proteins that facilitate the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogues, such as gemcitabine, into the cell. The abundance of hENT1 transporters in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) might make hENT1 a potential biomarker of response to adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to see whether hENT1 expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was a suitable predictive marker for subsequent treatment with gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS A systematic review was performed, searching databases from January 1997 to January 2016. Articles pertaining to hENT1 immunohistochemical analysis in resected PDAC specimens from patients who subsequently underwent adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy were identified. Eligible studies were required to contain survival data, reporting specifically overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with associated hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by hENT1 status. RESULTS Of 42 articles reviewed, eight were suitable for review, with seven selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The total number of patients included in the meta-analysis was 770 (405 hENT1-negative, 365 hENT1-positive). Immunohistochemically detected hENT1 expression was significantly associated with both prolonged DFS (HR 0·58, 95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 0·79) and OS (HR 0·52, 0·38 to 0·72) in patients receiving adjuvant gemcitabine but not those having fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION Expression of hENT1 is a suitable prognostic biomarker in patients undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T E Bird
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - M Elmasry
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - R Jones
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - E Psarelli
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - J Dodd
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - H Malik
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - W Greenhalf
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - N Kitteringham
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - P Ghaneh
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - J P Neoptolemos
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - D Palmer
- Liverpool University Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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15
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Guo JR, Chen QQ, Lam CWK, Wang CY, Wong VKW, Chang ZF, Zhang W. Profiling ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide pools perturbed by gemcitabine in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37250. [PMID: 27845436 PMCID: PMC5109029 DOI: 10.1038/srep37250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the dosage effect of gemcitabine, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), on cellular levels of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method. As anticipated, after 4-h incubation of non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells with gemcitabine at 0.5 and 2 μM, there were consistent reductions in levels of deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates (dNDP) and their corresponding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP). However, after 24-h exposure to 0.5 μM gemcitabine, the amounts of dNTP were increased by about 3 fold, whereas cells after 24-h 2 μM gemcitabine treatment exhibited deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), deoxyadenosine diphosphate (dADP) and deoxyguanosine diphosphate (dGDP) levels less than 50% of control values, with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) returning to the control level. Using cell cycle analysis, we found that 24-h incubation at 0.5 μM gemcitabine resulted in a significant increase in S phase arrest, while 2 μM treatment increased G0/G1 population. Our data demonstrated the correlation between the level of RR and the increased levels of dNTPs in the group of 0.5 μM treatment for 24-h with a markedly reduced level of dFdCTP. Accordingly, we proposed that the dosage of dFdC could determine the arrested phase of cell cycle, in turn affecting the recovery of dNTPs pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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16
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Personalized fludarabine dosing to reduce nonrelapse mortality in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients receiving reduced intensity conditioning. Transl Res 2016; 175:103-115.e4. [PMID: 27094990 PMCID: PMC5003687 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) commonly receive fludarabine. Higher exposure of F-ara-A, the active component of fludarabine, has been associated with a greater risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM). We sought to develop a model for fludarabine dosing in adult HCT recipients that would allow for precise dose targeting and predict adverse clinical outcomes. We developed a pharmacokinetic model from 87 adults undergoing allogeneic RIC HCT that predicts F-ara-A population clearance (Clpop) accounting for ideal body weight and renal function. We then applied the developed model to an independent cohort of 240 patients to identify whether model predictions were associated with NRM and acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). Renal mechanisms accounted for 35.6% of total F-ara-A Clpop. In the independent cohort, the hazard ratio of NRM at day 100 was significantly higher in patients with predicted F-ara-A clearance (Clpred) <8.50 L/h (P < 0.01) and area under the curve (AUCpred) >6.00 μg × h/mL (P = 0.01). A lower Clpred was also associated with more NRM at month 6 (P = 0.01) and trended toward significance at 12 months (P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, low fludarabine clearance trended toward higher risk of acute GVHD (P = 0.05). We developed a model that predicts an individual's systemic F-ara-A exposure accounting for kidney function and weight. This model may provide guidance in dosing especially in overweight individuals and those with altered kidney function.
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Ciccolini J, Serdjebi C, Le Thi Thu H, Lacarelle B, Milano G, Fanciullino R. Nucleoside analogs: ready to enter the era of precision medicine? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:865-77. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1192128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cindy Serdjebi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille. Multidisciplinary Oncology & Therapeutic Innovations dpt, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hau Le Thi Thu
- SMARTc Unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- SMARTc Unit, Inserm S_911 CRO2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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18
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Ciccolini J, Serdjebi C, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of Gemcitabine as a mainstay in adult and pediatric oncology: an EORTC-PAMM perspective. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1-12. [PMID: 27007129 PMCID: PMC4921117 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite ranking among the most prescribed anticancer drugs worldwide. This nucleoside analog exerts its antiproliferative action after tumoral conversion into active triphosphorylated nucleotides interfering with DNA synthesis and targeting ribonucleotide reductase. Gemcitabine is a mainstay for treating pancreatic and lung cancers, alone or in combination with several cytotoxic drugs (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin and oxaliplatin), and is an option in a variety of other solid or hematological cancers. Several determinants of response have been identified with gemcitabine, i.e., membrane transporters, activating and inactivating enzymes at the tumor level, or Hedgehog signaling pathway. More recent studies have investigated how germinal genetic polymorphisms affecting cytidine deaminase, the enzyme responsible for the liver disposition of gemcitabine, could act as well as a marker for clinical outcome (i.e., toxicity, efficacy) at the bedside. Besides, constant efforts have been made to develop alternative chemical derivatives or encapsulated forms of gemcitabine, as an attempt to improve its metabolism and pharmacokinetics profile. Overall, gemcitabine is a drug paradigmatic for constant searches of the scientific community to improve its administration through the development of personalized medicine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciccolini
- Pharmacokinetics Unit, SMARTc, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cindy Serdjebi
- Pharmacokinetics Unit, SMARTc, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC/Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Lee HW, Lee SH, Lee MG, Ahn SH, Chang HY, Han KH. The clinical implication of single nucleotide polymorphisms in deoxycytidine kinase in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine. J Med Virol 2015; 88:820-7. [PMID: 26400223 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a critical enzyme involved in intracellular phosphorylation of lamivudine (LAM) to its active triphosphates. We conducted this study to determine dCK polymorphisms in Koreans and to evaluate whether the discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with LAM. The full-length dCK gene was sequenced from 24 healthy volunteers and 24 patients with CHB. One hundred twenty-seven patients with CHB who were followed-up for at least 24 months after LAM treatment were enrolled. Virological response as determined by undetectable HBV DNA was defined as a good drug response. Primary non-response at 6 months and virological breakthrough within 12 months were defined as a poor drug response. Six novel dCK SNPs were found (-2052C/A, IVS3 - 46G/del, IVS4 + 40G/T, IVS5 + 39T/C, IVS5 - 72A/T, and 966-975T10/T11). In particular, two promoter SNPs, namely -360C/G and -201C/T, were in full linkage disequilibrium. These two SNPs had a higher allele frequency than previously reported in Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese (26% vs. 2%, 13.1%, and 15.6%, respectively). There was no significant difference between treatment response groups in terms of the distributions of SNP genotypes or allele frequencies. However, there was significant difference in the allele frequency of -360G/-201T between HBeAg seroclearance group and HBeAg non-seroclearance group (P = 0.045). In conclusion, six novel dCK SNPs were discovered. Two promoter SNPs, namely -360C/G and -201C/T, were more frequent in Koreans than other populations. In particular, HBeAg-positive patients with the -360G/-201T haplotype may help HBeAg seroclearance in response to LAM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Chang
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Yoon KA, Woo SM, Hong EK, Jung MK, Park WS, Bae K, Han SS, Kim TH, Koh YH, Park SJ, Lee WJ. Cytidine Deaminase as a Molecular Predictor of Gemcitabine Response in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer. Oncology 2015; 89:345-50. [PMID: 26418006 DOI: 10.1159/000439222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is regarded as the standard treatment for biliary tract cancer (BTC). Potential biomarkers for gemcitabine response include the activities of cytidine deaminase (CDA), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1). Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their encoding genes were associated with the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy in treating BTC. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 11 SNPs in the CDA, hENT1, DCK, human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (hCNT3), and RRM1 genes in 80 patients with unresectable, metastatic, or recurrent BTC who were treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin. RESULTS After the results were adjusted for clinical predictors, the variant allele of rs1048977 in the CDA gene was associated with tumor response in a dominant model (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.93; p = 0.039). No significant association was detected between the 11 SNPs and grade 3/4 toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the polymorphism of CDA may be a potential predictive marker for the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in patients with BTC.
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Serdjebi C, Gagnière J, Desramé J, Fein F, Guimbaud R, François E, André T, Seitz JF, Montérymard C, Arsene D, Volet J, Abakar-Mahamat A, Lecomte T, Guerin-Meyer V, Legoux JL, Deplanque G, Guillet P, Ciccolini J, Lepage C, Dahan L. FFCD-1004 Clinical Trial: Impact of Cytidine Deaminase Activity on Clinical Outcome in Gemcitabine-Monotherapy Treated Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135907. [PMID: 26308942 PMCID: PMC4550302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because cytidine deaminase (CDA) is the key enzyme in gemcitabine metabolism, numerous studies have attempted to investigate impact of CDA status (i.e. genotype or phenotype) on clinical outcome. To date, data are still controversial because none of these studies has fully investigated genotype-phenotype CDA status, pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome relationships in gemcitabine-treated patients. Besides, most patients were treated with gemcitabine associated with other drugs, thus adding a confounding factor. We performed a multicenter prospective clinical trial in gemcitabine-treated patients which aimed at investigating the link between CDA deficiency on the occurrence of severe toxicities and on pharmacokinetics, and studying CDA genotype-phenotype relationships. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred twenty patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma eligible for adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy were enrolled in this study promoted and managed by the Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive. Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4. They were considered severe for grade ≥ 3, and early when occurring during the first eight weeks of treatment. CDA status was evaluated using a double approach: genotyping for 79A>C and functional testing. Therapeutic drug monitoring of gemcitabine and its metabolite were performed on the first course of gemcitabine. RESULTS Five patients out of 120 (i.e., 4.6%) were found to be CDA deficient (i.e., CDA activity <1.3 U/mg), and only one among them experienced early severe hematological toxicity. There was no statistically significant difference in CDA activity between patients experiencing hematological severe toxicities (28.44%) and patients who tolerated the treatment (71.56%). CDA genetic analysis failed in evidencing an impact in terms of toxicities or in CDA activity. Regarding pharmacokinetics, a wide inter-individual variability has been observed in patients. CONCLUSION This study, which included only 4.6% of CDA-deficient patients, failed in identifying CDA status as a predictive marker of toxicities with gemcitabine. A lack of statistical power because of smoothing effect of CDA variability as compared with real life conditions could explain this absence of impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01416662.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Gagnière
- University Hospital of Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Thierry André
- University Hospital of Saint-Antoine and Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Seitz
- University Hospital of La Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laetitia Dahan
- University Hospital of La Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Meng H, Wang M, Liu H, Liu X, Situ A, Wu B, Ji Z, Chang CH, Nel AE. Use of a lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle platform for synergistic gemcitabine and paclitaxel delivery to human pancreatic cancer in mice. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3540-57. [PMID: 25776964 PMCID: PMC4415452 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a commercial albumin-bound paclitaxel (PTX) nanocarrier (Abraxane) was approved as the first new drug for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in almost a decade. PTX improves the pharmaceutical efficacy of the first-line pancreatic cancer drug, gemcitabine (GEM), through suppression of the tumor stroma and inhibiting the expression of the GEM-inactivating enzyme, cytidine deaminase (CDA). We asked, therefore, whether it was possible to develop a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) carrier for pancreatic cancer to co-deliver a synergistic GEM/PTX combination. High drug loading was achieved by a custom-designed coated lipid film technique to encapsulate a calculated dose of GEM (40 wt %) by using a supported lipid bilayer (LB). The uniform coating of the 65 nm nanoparticles by a lipid membrane allowed incorporation of a sublethal amount of hydrophobic PTX, which could be co-delivered with GEM in pancreatic cells and tumors. We demonstrate that ratiometric PTX incorporation and delivery by our LB-MSNP could suppress CDA expression, contemporaneous with induction of oxidative stress as the operating principle for PTX synergy. To demonstrate the in vivo efficacy, mice carrying subcutaneous PANC-1 xenografts received intravenous (IV) injection of PTX/GEM-loaded LB-MSNP. Drug co-delivery provided more effective tumor shrinkage than GEM-loaded LB-MSNP, free GEM, or free GEM plus Abraxane. Comparable tumor shrinkage required coadministration of 12 times the amount of free Abraxane. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of tumor-associated GEM metabolites confirmed that, compared to free GEM, MSNP co-delivery increased the phosphorylated DNA-interactive GEM metabolite 13-fold and decreased the inactivated and deaminated metabolite 4-fold. IV injection of MSNP-delivered PTX/GEM in a PANC-1 orthotopic model effectively inhibited primary tumor growth and eliminated metastatic foci. The enhanced in vivo efficacy of the dual delivery carrier could be achieved with no evidence of local or systemic toxicity. In summary, we demonstrate the development of an effective LB-MSNP nanocarrier for synergistic PTX/GEM delivery in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Research Center for Micro & Nano Materials and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Allen Situ
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bobby Wu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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Serdjebi C, Milano G, Ciccolini J. Role of cytidine deaminase in toxicity and efficacy of nucleosidic analogs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:665-72. [PMID: 25495470 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.985648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleosidic analogs such as pyrimidine and purine derivatives are mainstay in the field of treating cancers, both in adults and in children. All these drugs act as antimetabolite compounds, that is, they interfere with the ability of cancer cells to synthesize the nucleosides or the nucleotides necessary for proliferation and progression. As with most cytotoxics, maintaining patients in their therapeutic window is challenging, and predicting changes in drug exposure is critical to ensure an optimal efficacy/toxicity balance. AREAS COVERED Among the antimetabolites, a small but widely prescribed number of drugs (i.e., gemcitabine, capecitabine, cytarabine, azacytidine) share a same metabolic pattern driven by a liver enzyme, cytidine deaminase (CDA), coded by a gene displaying several genetic and epigenetic polymorphisms. Consequently, CDA activity is erratic, ranging from deficient to ultra-rapid deaminator patients, with subsequent impact on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics eventually. This review provides an update on the variety of clinical studies and case-reports investigating on CDA status as a marker for clinical outcome in cancer patients treated with nucleosidic analogs. EXPERT OPINION Whereas sorting patients on the basis of their CDA genotype remains tricky because of unclear genotype-to-phenotype relationships, developing functional strategies (i.e., phenotype-based status determination) could help to use CDA status as a biomarker for developing adaptive dosing strategies with nucleosidic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Serdjebi
- INSERM UMR_S911 Aix-Marseille University, SMARTc, CRO2, Pharmacokinetics Unit , UFR Pharmacie 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille , France
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Pharmacogenomic characterization of gemcitabine response--a framework for data integration to enable personalized medicine. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 24:81-93. [PMID: 24401833 PMCID: PMC3888473 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives Response to the oncology drug gemcitabine may be variable in part due to genetic differences in the enzymes and transporters responsible for its metabolism and disposition. The aim of our in-silico study was to identify gene variants significantly associated with gemcitabine response that may help to personalize treatment in the clinic. Methods We analyzed two independent data sets: (a) genotype data from NCI-60 cell lines using the Affymetrix DMET 1.0 platform combined with gemcitabine cytotoxicity data in those cell lines, and (b) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from 351 pancreatic cancer patients treated on an NCI-sponsored phase III clinical trial. We also performed a subset analysis on the GWAS data set for 135 patients who were given gemcitabine+placebo. Statistical and systems biology analyses were performed on each individual data set to identify biomarkers significantly associated with gemcitabine response. Results Genetic variants in the ABC transporters (ABCC1, ABCC4) and the CYP4 family members CYP4F8 and CYP4F12, CHST3, and PPARD were found to be significant in both the NCI-60 and GWAS data sets. We report significant association between drug response and variants within members of the chondroitin sulfotransferase family (CHST) whose role in gemcitabine response is yet to be delineated. Conclusion Biomarkers identified in this integrative analysis may contribute insights into gemcitabine response variability. As genotype data become more readily available, similar studies can be conducted to gain insights into drug response mechanisms and to facilitate clinical trial design and regulatory reviews.
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Micozzi D, Carpi FM, Pucciarelli S, Polzonetti V, Polidori P, Vilar S, Williams B, Costanzi S, Vincenzetti S. Human cytidine deaminase: a biochemical characterization of its naturally occurring variants. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:64-74. [PMID: 24183806 PMCID: PMC3904506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human cytidine deaminase is an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathways that metabolizes several cytosine nucleoside analogs used as prodrugs in chemotherapy. We carried out a characterization of the cytidine deaminase 79A>C and 208G>A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, in order to highlight their functional role and provide data that could help fine-tune the chemotherapic use of cytosine nucleosides in patients carrying the above mentioned SNPs. The 79A>C SNP results in a K27Q change in a protein region not involved in the catalytic event. The 208G>A SNP produces an alanine to threonine substitution (A70T) within the conserved catalytic domain. Q27 variant is endowed with a greater catalytic efficiency toward the natural substrates and the antileukemic agent cytarabine (Ara-C), when compared to K27 variant. Molecular modeling, protein stability experiments and site-directed mutagenesis suggest that K27 variant may have an increased stability with respect to Q27 due to an ionic interaction between a lysine residue at position 27 and a glutamate residue at position 24. The T70 variant has a lower catalytic efficiency toward the analyzed substrates when compared to the A70 variant, suggesting that patients carrying the 208G>A SNP may have a greater exposure to cytosine based pro drugs, with possible toxicity consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Micozzi
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Martino Carpi
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Paolo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Santiago Vilar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Brian Williams
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Stefano Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, via circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy.
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Lee SY, Im SA, Park YH, Woo SY, Kim S, Choi MK, Chang W, Ahn JS, Im YH. Genetic polymorphisms of SLC28A3, SLC29A1 and RRM1 predict clinical outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving gemcitabine plus paclitaxel chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2013; 50:698-705. [PMID: 24361227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel and gemcitabine (PG) combination chemotherapy is effective as a maintenance chemotherapeutic regimen in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients because it increases progression-free survival (PFS), which increases overall survival (OS). The primary purpose of our study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the genes involved in PG pathways and clinical outcomes in MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 324 MBC patients were enrolled in this prospective multicenter trial of PG as the first-line chemotherapy. Eighty-five of the 324 patients from two institutes were available for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thirty-eight SNPs in 15 candidate genes selected from pathways that may influence the metabolism and transport of, or sensitivity, to PG were analysed. RESULTS The median PFS and OS of all 324 patients were 8.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.5-9.6 months) and 26.9 months (95% CI: 23.6-30.1 months), respectively. An SNP in SLC28A3 (rs7867504, C/T) was associated with OS (CC or CT versus TT: 37 versus 21 months, p = 0.027, hazard ratio [HR] 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-6.3). SLC29A1 GA haplotype had a significantly shorter OS (p = 0.030, HR 3.391, 95% CI: 1.13-10.19). RRM1 (ribonucleotide reductase large subunit M1) SNP (rs9937), and haplotypes ATAA and ATGA were significantly associated with neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms in SLC28A3, SLC29A1 and RRM1 can influence the clinical outcome of MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy. Further studies on the functional mechanisms relating to these germline polymorphisms in these genes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sook Young Woo
- Biostatistics Team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics Team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ki Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Meng H, Zhao Y, Dong J, Xue M, Lin YS, Ji Z, Mai WX, Zhang H, Chang CH, Brinker CJ, Zink JI, Nel AE. Two-wave nanotherapy to target the stroma and optimize gemcitabine delivery to a human pancreatic cancer model in mice. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10048-65. [PMID: 24143858 PMCID: PMC3878438 DOI: 10.1021/nn404083m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) elicits a dense stromal response that blocks vascular access because of pericyte coverage of vascular fenestrations. In this way, the PDAC stroma contributes to chemotherapy resistance in addition to causing other problems. In order to improve the delivery of gemcitabine, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, a PEGylated drug-carrying liposome was developed, using a transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient to encapsulate the protonated drug up to 20% w/w. However, because the liposome was precluded from entering the xenograft site due to the stromal interference, we developed a first-wave nanocarrier that decreases pericyte coverage of the vasculature through interference in the pericyte recruiting TGF-β signaling pathway. This was accomplished using a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) for molecular complexation to a small molecule TGF-β inhibitor, LY364947. LY364947 contains a nitrogen atom that attaches, through H-bonding, to PEI amines with a high rate of efficiency. The copolymer coating also facilitates systemic biodistribution and retention at the tumor site. Because of the high loading capacity and pH-dependent LY364947 release from the MSNPs, we achieved rapid entry of IV-injected liposomes and MSNPs at the PDAC tumor site. This two-wave approach provided effective shrinkage of the tumor xenografts beyond 25 days, compared to the treatment with free drug or gemcitabine-loaded liposomes only. Not only does this approach overcome stromal resistance to drug delivery in PDAC, but it also introduces the concept of using a stepwise engineered approach to address a range of biological impediments that interfere in nanocancer therapy in a spectrum of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Address correspondence to: and
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yu-Shen Lin
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Wilson X. Mai
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Address correspondence to: and
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Carpi FM, Vincenzetti S, Ubaldi J, Pucciarelli S, Polzonetti V, Micozzi D, Mignini F, Napolioni V. CDA gene polymorphisms and enzyme activity: genotype–phenotype relationship in an Italian–Caucasian population. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:769-81. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the distribution of CDA activity from whole blood of 142 healthy subjects, determining its main predictors among genetic (six CDA SNPs) and physiological factors (age and gender). Moreover, we performed a kinetic study of the two CDA protein variants (Q27 and K27) determined by the rs2072671 SNP. Materials & methods: CDA activity was assessed by HPLC. Selected CDA SNPs were genotyped by PCR-based methods. Recombinant CDA protein variants (Q27 and K27) were expressed in an Escherichia coli strain SØ5201 and kinetic assays were performed. Results: The mean value of CDA activity was 0.051 ± 0.024 mU/mg and followed a normal distribution in the study population. Carriers of the CDA*2B (-451T/-92G/-31Del/79C/435C) haplotype displayed higher CDA activity compared with the others. CDA -451G>A, -92A>G and 79A>C (K27Q) SNPs displayed significant associations with CDA activity. The best predictive model of CDA activity included the variables gender and CDA 79A>C (K27Q). Cytidine is the preferential substrate for the variant Q27. Conclusion: We suggest the analysis of both CDA activity and CDA 79A>C (K27Q) SNP in future prospective trials with cytidine analogs, alone or in combination, in order to identify the best marker to secure the administration of these anticancer therapies. Original submitted 22 October 2012; Revision submitted 11 March 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M Carpi
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Ubaldi
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Micozzi
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Mignini
- School of Pharmacy & Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences & Biotechnologies, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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