1
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Uno Y, Yamato O, Yamazaki H. Transcript abundance of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in two dog breeds compared with 14 species including humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 55:101002. [PMID: 38452615 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes are important in drug development and therapy, but have not been fully identified and characterized in many species, lines, and breeds. Liver transcriptomic data were analyzed for phase I cytochromes P450, flavin-containing monooxygenases, and carboxylesterases and phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. Comparisons with a variety of species (humans, rhesus macaques, African green monkeys, baboons, common marmosets, cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits, tree shrews, rats, mice, and chickens) revealed both general similarities and differences in the transcript abundances of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Similarly, Beagle and Shiba dogs were examined by next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). Consequently, no substantial differences in transcript abundance were noted in different breeds of pigs and dogs and in different lines of mice and rats. Therefore, the expression profiles of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme transcripts appear to be similar in Shiba and Beagle dogs and pig breeds and the rat and mouse lines analyzed, although some differences were found in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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2
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Omori H, Chikamoto J, Nagahara M, Hirata M, Otoi T. Evaluating variations in bilirubin glucuronidation activity by protease inhibitors in canine and human primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D culture system. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105689. [PMID: 37660998 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin is excreted into the bile from hepatocytes, mainly as monoglucuronosyl and bisglucuronosyl conjugates, reflecting bilirubin glucuronidation activity. However, there is limited information on the in vitro evaluation of liver cell lines or primary hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate variations in the bilirubin metabolic function of canine and human hepatocyte spheroids formed in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system indicated by the formation of bilirubin glucuronides when protease inhibitors such as atazanavir, indinavir, ritonavir, and nelfinavir were treated with bilirubin. The culture supernatant was collected for bilirubin glucuronidation assessment and the cells were used to evaluate viability. On day 8 of culture, both canine and human hepatocyte spheroids showed high albumin secretion and distinct spheroid formation, and their bilirubin glucuronidation activities were evaluated considering cell viability. Treatment with atazanavir and ritonavir remarkably inhibited bilirubin glucuronide formation, wherein atazanavir showed the highest inhibition, particularly in human hepatocyte spheroids. These results may reflect the effects on cellular uptake of bilirubin and its intracellular metabolic function. Thus, primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D culture system may be a useful in vitro system for the comprehensive evaluation of bilirubin metabolic function and risk assessment in bilirubin metabolic disorders for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Omori
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Preclinical Basic Research, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junko Chikamoto
- Preclinical Basic Research, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagahara
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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3
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Comparative analysis of bilirubin glucuronidation activity in canine and human primary hepatocytes using a 3D culture system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:712-718. [PMID: 35913527 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Species differences in bilirubin glucuronidation activity are observed between humans and dogs through liver microsomes and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Humans exhibit higher activity than that of dogs. In this study, bilirubin glucuronidation activity was examined in canine and human primary hepatocyte spheroids formed using a 3D culture system. When spheroid development in canine and human primary hepatocytes was evaluated on days 7 and 14 after the start of culture, canine primary hepatocyte spheroids had a more distinct spherical shape than human hepatocyte spheroids, irrespective of the culture period. Furthermore, mono- and di-glucuronide generation detected in spheroids were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in human primary hepatocytes than in canine primary hepatocytes after 24 h of incubation with bilirubin for each culture period. These results suggest that there are species differences in the bilirubin glucuronidation activity of primary hepatocytes with spheroid formation between humans and dogs, with the activity being higher in humans than in dogs.
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4
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Janssen W, Schwarz T, Bütehorn U, Steinke W, Sandmann S, Lang D, Kern A, Hucke F, Gerisch M. Pharmacokinetics and mass balance of vericiguat in rats and dogs and distribution in rats. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:453-462. [PMID: 35616579 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2082899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vericiguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator. The pharmacokinetics, absorption, metabolism, and excretion properties of vericiguat in rats and dogs and the distribution in rats are reported. [14C]-labelled vericiguat was studied in intact and bile duct-cannulated rats (oral and intravenous administration), and dogs (oral administration).Vericiguat reached maximum plasma concentrations at 1-3 h after oral administration. Absolute bioavailability was moderate in rats and high in dogs. Vericiguat was the most abundant component in plasma of rats and dogs.After oral administration to rats, radioactivity was widely distributed. Penetration into the brain was minimal. Elimination was rapid from most tissues in rats. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in faeces (rat: 81%, dog: 89%), while low amounts were excreted in urine (rat: 11%, dog: 4%). Clearance routes in both species were unchanged excretion and metabolism via glucuronidation and oxidative reactions. After intravenous administration to bile duct cannulated rats, a relevant proportion of the dose (30%) underwent direct excretion into the gastrointestinal tract as unchanged vericiguat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Janssen
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ulf Bütehorn
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Wolfram Steinke
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.,Pharmacokinetic Imaging Consulting & Autoradiography Services, 58553 Halver, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Lang
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Armin Kern
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Hucke
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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5
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Uehara S, Higuchi Y, Yoneda N, Yamazaki H, Suemizu H. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4-mediated N2-glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway of lamotrigine in chimeric NOG-TKm30 mice with humanised-livers. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1146-1154. [PMID: 34423713 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1972492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder, with species-dependent metabolic profiles. In this study, we investigated the metabolism of lamotrigine in chimeric NOG-TKm30 mice transplanted with human hepatocytes (humanised-liver mice).Substantial lamotrigine N2-glucuronidation activities were observed in the liver microsomes from humanised-liver mice, humans, marmosets, and rabbits, compared to those from monkeys, minipigs, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. Lamotrigine N2-glucuronidation activities in the liver microsomes from humanised-liver mice were dose-dependently inhibited by hecogenin, a specific inhibitor of the human UGT1A4.The major metabolite in the hepatocytes from humanised-liver mice and humans was lamotrigine N2-glucuronide, whereas that in mouse hepatocytes was lamotrigine N2-oxide. After a single oral dose of lamotrigine (10 mg/kg), the plasma levels of N2-glucuronide, N5-glucuronide, and N2-methyl were higher in humanised-liver mice compared to that in NOG-TKm30 mice. Lamotrigine N2-glucuronide was the most abundant metabolite in the urine in humanised-liver mice, similar to that reported in humans; whereas, lamotrigine N2-oxide was predominantly excreted in the urine in NOG-TKm30 mouse.These results suggest that humanised-liver mice may be a suitable animal model for studying the UGT1A4 mediated-lamotrigine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Nao Yoneda
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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6
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Zhang Z, Ghosh A, Connolly PJ, King P, Wilde T, Wang J, Dong Y, Li X, Liao D, Chen H, Tian G, Suarez J, Bonnette WG, Pande V, Diloreto KA, Shi Y, Patel S, Pietrak B, Szewczuk L, Sensenhauser C, Dallas S, Edwards JP, Bachman KE, Evans DC. Gut-Restricted Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11570-11596. [PMID: 34279934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been extensively studied for colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. Celecoxib has been reported to reduce the incidence of colorectal adenomas and CRC but is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Here, we report a series of gut-restricted, selective COX-2 inhibitors characterized by high colonic exposure and minimized systemic exposure. By establishing acute ex vivo 18F-FDG uptake attenuation as an efficacy proxy, we identified a subset of analogues that demonstrated statistically significant in vivo dose-dependent inhibition of adenoma progression and survival extension in an APCmin/+ mouse model. However, in vitro-in vivo correlation analysis showed their chemoprotective effects were driven by residual systemic COX-2 inhibition, rationalizing their less than expected efficacies and highlighting the challenges associated with COX-2-mediated CRC disease chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J Connolly
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter King
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Thomas Wilde
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Yawei Dong
- Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Daohong Liao
- Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Gaochao Tian
- Discovery Technology and Molecular Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Javier Suarez
- Discovery Technology and Molecular Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - William G Bonnette
- Discovery Technology and Molecular Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Vineet Pande
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Karen A Diloreto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Yifan Shi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Shefali Patel
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Discovery Technology and Molecular Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lawrence Szewczuk
- Discovery Technology and Molecular Pharmacology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Carlo Sensenhauser
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Shannon Dallas
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James P Edwards
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kurtis E Bachman
- Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - David C Evans
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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7
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Hirano T, Hirata M, Fujimoto S, Nguyen NT, Le QA, Tanihara F, Otoi T. Comparative analysis of bilirubin glucuronidation activity in 2D- and 3D-cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:277-280. [PMID: 32394241 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hirano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
- Toxicology Laboratory, TAIHO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.
| | | | - Nhien Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Quynh Anh Le
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
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8
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Juvonen RO, Heikkinen AT, Kärkkäinen O, Jehangir R, Huuskonen J, Troberg J, Raunio H, Pentikäinen OT, Finel M. In vitro glucuronidation of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in intestine and liver microsomes of Beagle dogs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 141:105118. [PMID: 31669387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Beagle dog is a standard animal model for evaluating nonclinical pharmacokinetics of new drug candidates. Glucuronidation in intestine and liver is an important first-pass drug metabolic pathway, especially for phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the glucuronidation characteristics of several 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives in beagle dog's intestine and liver in vitro. To this end, glucuronidation rates of 7-hydroxycoumarin (compound 1), 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (3), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-tolyl)coumarin (4), 3-(4-fluorophenyl)coumarin (5), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)coumarin (6), 7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (7), and 7-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-tirazole)coumarin (8) were determined in dog's intestine and liver microsomes, as well as recombinant dog UGT1A enzymes. The glucuronidation rates of 1, 2 and 3 were 3-10 times higher in liver than in small intestine microsomes, whereas glucuronidation rates of 5, 6, 7 and 8 were similar in microsomes from both tissues. In the colon, glucuronidation of 1 and 2 was 3-5 times faster than in small intestine. dUGT1A11 glucuronidated efficiently all the substrates and was more efficient catalyst for 8 than any other dUGT1A. Other active enzymes were dUGT1A2 that glucuronidated efficiently 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, while dUGT1A10 glucuronidated efficiently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7. Kinetic analyses revealed that the compounds' Km values varied between 1.1 (dUGT1A10 and 2) and 250 µM (dUGT1A7 and 4). The results further strengthen the concept that dog intestine has high capacity for glucuronidation, and that different dUGT1As mediate glucuronidation with distinct substrates selectivity in dog and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto O Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rabia Jehangir
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Johanna Troberg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Kondo T, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Kawai YK, Mizukawa H, Mitani Y, Nomiyama K, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B Subfamily Interspecies Differences in Carnivores. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:90-100. [PMID: 28453659 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are among the most important xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that conjugate a wide range of chemicals. Previous studies showed that Felidae and Pinnipedia species have very low UGT activities toward some phenolic compounds because of the UGT1A6 pseudogene and small numbers of UGT1A isozymes. In addition to the UGT1As, UGT2Bs isozymes also conjugate various endogenous (eg, estrogens, androgens, and bile acids) and exogenous compounds (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and environmental pollutants). However UGT2B activity and genetic background are unknown in carnivore species. Therefore, this study was performed to elucidate the species differences of UGT2Bs. Using typical substrates for UGT2Bs, UGT activity was measured in vitro. In addition, UGT2B genetic features are analyzed in silico. Results of UGT activity measurement indicate marked species differences between dogs and other carnivores (cats, Northern fur seals, Steller sea lions, Harbor seals, and Caspian seals). Dogs have very high Vmax/Km toward estradiol (17-glucuronide), estrone, lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam. Conversely, cats and pinniped species (especially Caspian seals and Harbor seals) have very low activities toward these substrates. The results of genetic synteny analysis indicate that Felidae and pinniped species have very small numbers of UGT2B isozymes (one or none) compared with dogs, rodents, and humans. Furthermore, Felidae species have the same nonsense mutation in UGT2B, which suggests that Felidae UGT2B31-like is also a pseudogene in addition to UGT1A6. These findings of lower activity of UGT2B suggest that Felidae and some pinniped species have very low UGT activity toward a wide range of chemicals. These results are important for Felidae and Pinnipedia species that are frequently exposed to drugs and environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kondo
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoko Mitani
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N11, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Isobe T, Ohkawara S, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Jinno H, Hanioka N. Hepatic glucuronidation of 4-tert-octylphenol in humans: inter-individual variability and responsible UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3543-3550. [PMID: 28500425 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-Octylphenol (4-tOP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical. It is mainly metabolized into glucuronide by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in humans. The purpose of this study was to assess inter-individual variability in and the possible roles of UGT isoforms in hepatic 4-tOP glucuronidation in the humans. 4-tOP glucuronidation activities in the liver microsomes and recombinant UGTs of humans were assessed at broad substrate concentrations, and kinetics were analyzed. Correlation analyses between 4-tOP and diclofenac or 4-hydroxybiphenyl activities in pooled and individual human liver microsomes were also performed. Typical CLint values were 17.8 mL/min/mg protein for the low type, 25.2 mL/min/mg protein for the medium type, and 47.7 mL/min/mg protein for the high type. Among the recombinant UGTs (13 isoforms) examined, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 were the most active of catalyzing 4-tOP glucuronidation. Although the K m values of UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 were similar (0.36 and 0.42 µM, respectively), the CLint value of UGT2B7 (6.83 mL/min/mg protein) >UGT2B15 (2.35 mL/min/mg protein). Strong correlations were observed between the glucuronidation activities of 4-tOP and diclofenac (a probe for UGT2B7) or 4-hydroxybiphenyl (a probe for UGT2B15) with 0.79-0.88 of Spearman correlation coefficient (r s) values. These findings demonstrate that 4-tOP glucuronidation in humans is mainly catalyzed by hepatic UGT2B7 and UGT2B15, and suggest that these UGT isoforms play important and characteristic roles in the detoxification of 4-tOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Isobe
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hideto Jinno
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism, Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan.
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11
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Vollmer M, Klingebiel M, Rohn S, Maul R. Alamethicin for using in bioavailability studies? - Re-evaluation of its effect. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 39:111-118. [PMID: 27940284 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A major pathway for the elimination of drugs is the biliary and renal excretion following the formation of more hydrophilic secondary metabolites such as glucuronides. For in vitro investigations of the phase II metabolism, hepatic microsomes are commonly used in the combination with the pore-forming peptide alamethicin, also to give estimates for the in vivo situation. Thus, alamethicin may represent a neglected parameter in the characterization of microsomal in vitro assays. In the present study, the influence of varying alamethicin concentrations on glucuronide formation of selected phenolic compounds was investigated systematically. A correlation between the alamethicin impact and the lipophilicity of the investigated substrates was analyzed as well. Lipophilicity was determined by the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient. For every substrate, a distinct alamethicin concentration could be detected leading to a maximal glucuronidation activity. Further increase of the alamethicin application led to negative effects. The differences between the maximum depletion rates with and without alamethicin addition varied between 2.7% and 18.2% depending on the substrate. A dependence on the lipophilicity could not be confirmed. Calculation of the apparent intrinsic clearance led to a more than 2-fold increase using the most effective alamethicin concentration compared to the alamethicin free control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Vollmer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mirko Klingebiel
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ronald Maul
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Meng F, Li Y, He G, Ge G, Liu S. Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms involved in the isofraxidin glucuronidation and assessment of the species differences of the reaction. Fitoterapia 2016; 117:118-125. [PMID: 27915055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Isofraxidin, 7-Hydroxy-6.8-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a major active component of Acanthopanax senticosus, which has been used as Acanthopanax (Ciwujia) injection to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China for more than thirty years. The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in isofraxidin glucuronidation in the liver and intestinal microsomes and to reveal the potential species differences by comparing the liver microsomal glucuronidation from different experimental animals. One metabolite was biosynthesized and characterized as isofraxidin-7-O-glucuronide by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The intrinsic clearances in human liver and intestinal microsomes were 63.8 and 16.4μL/min/mg, respectively. Human liver microsomes displays higher potential for isofraxidin elimination than human intestinal microsomes. The reaction phenotyping analysis was conducted using cDNA-expressed human UGTs and chemical inhibitors. The results indicated that UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 were the main isoforms involved in the formation of isofraxidin-7-O-glucuronide. The isofraxidin glucuronidation in liver microsomes from human (HLM), rat (RLM), mouse (MLM), dog (DLM), monkey (CyLM), minipig (PLM), and guinea pig (GpLM) followed the Michealis-Menten model. The isofraxidin glucuronidation displays species differences in terms of catalytic activities. GpLM had the highest clearance with the CLint value of 152μL/min/mg. CyLM, RLM and MLM exhibit similar catalytic activities in isofraxidin glucuronidation with the intrinsic clearance values of 54.6, 58.0 and 50.2μL/min/mg, respectively, which are higher than those of PLM and DLM (23.9 and 37.7μL/min/mg, respectively). Rat exhibits the most similar intrinsic metabolic clearance (CLint) to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Meng
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guiyuan He
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Ballard TE, Wang S, Cox LM, Moen MA, Krzyzewski S, Ukairo O, Obach RS. Application of a Micropatterned Cocultured Hepatocyte System To Predict Preclinical and Human-Specific Drug Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:172-9. [PMID: 26608083 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory animal models are the industry standard for preclinical risk assessment of drug candidates. Thus, it is important that these species possess profiles of drug metabolites that are similar to those anticipated in human, since metabolites also could be responsible for biologic activities or unanticipated toxicity. Under most circumstances, preclinical species reflect human in vivo metabolites well; however, there have been several notable exceptions, and understanding and predicting these exceptions with an in vitro system would be very useful. Human micropatterned cocultured (MPCC) hepatocytes have been shown to recapitulate human in vivo qualitative metabolic profiles, but the same demonstration has not been performed yet for laboratory animal species. In this study, we investigated several compounds that are known to produce human-unique metabolites through CYP2C9, UGT1A4, aldehyde oxidase (AO), or N-acetyltransferase that were poorly covered or not detected at all in the selected preclinical species. To perform our investigation we used 24-well MPCC hepatocyte plates having three individual human donors and a single donor each of monkey, dog, and rat to study drug metabolism at four time points per species. Through the use of the multispecies MPCC hepatocyte system, the metabolite profiles of the selected compounds in human donors effectively captured the qualitative in vivo metabolite profile with respect to the human metabolite of interest. Human-unique metabolites that were not detected in vivo in certain preclinical species (normally dog and rat) were also not generated in the corresponding species in vitro, confirming that the MPCC hepatocytes can provide an assessment of preclinical species metabolism. From these results, we conclude that multispecies MPCC hepatocyte plates could be used as an effective in vitro tool for preclinical understanding of species metabolism relative to humans and aid in the choice of appropriate preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eric Ballard
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.),
| | - Shuai Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
| | - Loretta M Cox
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
| | - Mark A Moen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
| | - Stacy Krzyzewski
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
| | - Okechukwu Ukairo
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
| | - R Scott Obach
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (T.E.B., S.W., L.M.C., M.A.M., R.S.O.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (S.K., O.U.)
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Heikkinen AT, Lignet F, Cutler P, Parrott N. The role of quantitative ADME proteomics to support construction of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in small molecule drug development. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:732-44. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aki T. Heikkinen
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Floriane Lignet
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Paul Cutler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel Switzerland
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15
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Zhu L, Xiao L, Xia Y, Zhou K, Wang H, Huang M, Ge G, Wu Y, Wu G, Yang L. Diethylstilbestrol can effectively accelerate estradiol-17-O-glucuronidation, while potently inhibiting estradiol-3-O-glucuronidation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:109-16. [PMID: 25596428 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study investigates the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a widely used toxic synthetic estrogen, on estradiol-3- and 17-O- (E2-3/17-O) glucuronidation, via culturing human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) with DES and E2. DES can potently inhibit E2-3-O-glucuronidation in HLM, a probe reaction for UGT1A1. Kinetic assays indicate that the inhibition follows a competitive inhibition mechanism, with the Ki value of 2.1±0.3μM, which is less than the possible in vivo level. In contrast to the inhibition on E2-3-O-glucuronidation, the acceleration is observed on E2-17-O-glucuronidation in HLM, in which cholestatic E2-17-O-glucuronide is generated. In the presence of DES (0-6.25μM), Km values for E2-17-O-glucuronidation are located in the range of 7.2-7.4μM, while Vmax values range from 0.38 to 1.54nmol/min/mg. The mechanism behind the activation in HLM is further demonstrated by the fact that DES can efficiently elevate the activity of UGT1A4 in catalyzing E2-17-O-glucuronidation. The presence of DES (2μM) can elevate Vmax from 0.016 to 0.81nmol/min/mg, while lifting Km in a much lesser extent from 4.4 to 11μM. Activation of E2-17-O-glucuronidation is well described by a two binding site model, with KA, α, and β values of 0.077±0.18μM, 3.3±1.1 and 104±56, respectively. However, diverse effects of DES towards E2-3/17-O-glucuronidation are not observed in liver microsomes from several common experimental animals. In summary, this study issues new potential toxic mechanisms for DES: potently inhibiting the activity of UGT1A1 and powerfully accelerating the formation of cholestatic E2-17-O-glucuronide by UGT1A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Huili Wang
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ganlin Wu
- The Centre for Drug and Food Safety Evaluation, School of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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