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Rudolph B, Davis JA, Hainzl D, Walles M. A general perspective for the conduct of radiolabelled distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies for antibody-drug conjugates. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:521-532. [PMID: 39329287 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2336576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of biopharmaceuticals that combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cytotoxicity of small molecule drugs. 15 ADCs have been approved by regulatory authorities up to now, mainly for indications in oncology, however, this review paper will only focus on the 13 ADCs that have been approved by either the FDA or EMA.ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) studies are essential for the development of small molecule drugs to evaluate their disposition properties. These studies help to select drug candidates, determine the optimal dosing regimen and help to identify potential safety concerns for the drug of interest in human. Tissue distribution studies are also important as they facilitate the understanding of the efficacy and safety for parent drug and its metabolites in preclinical and clinical studies.For biologics, ADME studies are usually not required. In this paper, we review the existing approval packages and literature for approved ADCs to determine the extent of ADME studies performed as part of ADC registration packages.We conclude that ADME studies are recommended for the development of ADCs if new linkers and payloads are used that have never been used in humans before as these studies provide valuable information on the pharmacokinetic properties, optimal dosing regimen, and potential safety concerns. However, for the development of ADCs with established linker payload combinations, radiolabelled ADME studies may not be necessary if the distribution, metabolism and excretion properties have been described before. Clinical radiolabelled ADME studies are not recommended where patients are treated for life threating diseases like for indications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Rudolph
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A Davis
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominik Hainzl
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Walles
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Cahuzac H, Sallustrau A, Malgorn C, Beau F, Barbe P, Babin V, Dubois S, Palazzolo A, Thai R, Correia I, Lee KB, Garcia-Argote S, Lequin O, Keck M, Nozach H, Feuillastre S, Ge X, Pieters G, Audisio D, Devel L. Monitoring In Vivo Performances of Protein-Drug Conjugates Using Site-Selective Dual Radiolabeling and Ex Vivo Digital Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6953-6968. [PMID: 35500280 PMCID: PMC9833330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical models, the development and optimization of protein-drug conjugates require accurate determination of the plasma and tissue profiles of both the protein and its conjugated drug. To this aim, we developed a bioanalytical strategy based on dual radiolabeling and ex vivo digital imaging. By combining enzymatic and chemical reactions, we obtained homogeneous dual-labeled anti-MMP-14 Fabs (antigen-binding fragments) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E where the protein scaffold was labeled with carbon-14 (14C) and the conjugated drug with tritium (3H). These antibody-drug conjugates with either a noncleavable or a cleavable linker were then evaluated in vivo. By combining liquid scintillation counting and ex vivo dual-isotope radio-imaging, it was possible not only to monitor both components simultaneously during their circulation phase but also to quantify accurately their amount accumulated within the different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Cahuzac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Carole Malgorn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Fabrice Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Peggy Barbe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Victor Babin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Steven Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Alberto Palazzolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Sébastien Garcia-Argote
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Gregory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France),
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3
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Cahuzac H, Devel L. Analytical Methods for the Detection and Quantification of ADCs in Biological Matrices. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120462. [PMID: 33327644 PMCID: PMC7765153 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) is a one of the critical steps enabling their successful development and optimization. Their complex structure combining large and small molecule characteristics brought out multiple bioanalytical methods to decipher the behavior and fate of both components in vivo. In this respect, these methods must provide insights into different key elements including half-life and blood stability of the construct, premature release of the drug, whole-body biodistribution, and amount of the drug accumulated within the targeted pathological tissues, all of them being directly related to efficacy and safety of the ADC. In this review, we will focus on the main strategies enabling to quantify and characterize ADCs in biological matrices and discuss their associated technical challenges and current limitations.
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Álamo P, Pallarès V, Céspedes MV, Falgàs A, Sanchez JM, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Voltà-Duràn E, Morris GA, Sánchez-Chardi A, Casanova I, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Unzueta U. Fluorescent Dye Labeling Changes the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111004. [PMID: 33105866 PMCID: PMC7690626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dye labeling is a common strategy to analyze the fate of administered nanoparticles in living organisms. However, to which extent the labeling processes can alter the original nanoparticle biodistribution has been so far neglected. In this work, two widely used fluorescent dye molecules, namely, ATTO488 (ATTO) and Sulfo-Cy5 (S-Cy5), have been covalently attached to a well-characterized CXCR4-targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticle (known as T22-GFP-H6). The biodistribution of labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles has been then compared to that of the non-labeled nanoparticle in different CXCR4+ tumor mouse models. We observed that while parental T22-GFP-H6 nanoparticles accumulated mostly and specifically in CXCR4+ tumor cells, labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles showed a dramatic change in the biodistribution pattern, accumulating in non-target organs such as liver or kidney while reducing tumor targeting capacity. Therefore, the use of such labeling molecules should be avoided in target and non-target tissue uptake studies during the design and development of targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, since their effect over the fate of the nanomaterial can lead to considerable miss-interpretations of the actual nanoparticle biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, X 5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Duràn
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gordon A. Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
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Mertansine Inhibits mRNA Expression and Enzyme Activities of Cytochrome P450s and Uridine 5′-Diphospho-Glucuronosyltransferases in Human Hepatocytes and Liver Microsomes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030220. [PMID: 32131538 PMCID: PMC7150891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mertansine, a tubulin inhibitor, is used as the cytotoxic component of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy. The effects of mertansine on uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities in human liver microsomes and its effects on the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UGTs in human hepatocytes were evaluated to assess the potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Mertansine potently inhibited UGT1A1-catalyzed SN-38 glucuronidation, UGT1A3-catalyzed chenodeoxycholic acid 24-acyl-β-glucuronidation, and UGT1A4-catalyzed trifluoperazine N-β-d-glucuronidation, with Ki values of 13.5 µM, 4.3 µM, and 21.2 µM, respectively, but no inhibition of UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 enzyme activities was observed in human liver microsomes. A 48 h treatment of mertansine (1.25–2500 nM) in human hepatocytes resulted in the dose-dependent suppression of mRNA levels of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, and UGT1A9, with IC50 values of 93.7 ± 109.1, 36.8 ± 18.3, 160.6 ± 167.4, 32.1 ± 14.9, 578.4 ± 452.0, 539.5 ± 233.4, 856.7 ± 781.9, and 54.1 ± 29.1 nM, respectively, and decreased the activities of CYP1A2-mediated phenacetin O-deethylase, CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase, and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam 1′-hydroxylase. These in vitro DDI potentials of mertansine with CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8/9/19, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, and UGT1A9 substrates suggest that it is necessary to carefully characterize the DDI potentials of ADC candidates with mertansine as a payload in the clinic.
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Liu H, Bolleddula J, Nichols A, Tang L, Zhao Z, Prakash C. Metabolism of bioconjugate therapeutics: why, when, and how? Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:66-124. [PMID: 32045530 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1716784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation of therapeutic agents has been used as a selective drug delivery platform for many therapeutic areas. Bioconjugates are prepared by the covalent linkage of active compounds (small or large molecule) to a carrier molecule (lipids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and polymers) through a chemical linker. The linkage of the active component to a carrier molecule enhances the therapeutic window through a targeted delivery and by reducing toxicity. Bioconjugates also possess improved pharmacokinetic properties such as a long half-life, increased stability, and cleavage by intracellular enzymes/environment. However, premature cleavage of the bioconjugates and the resulting metabolites/catabolites may produce undesirable toxic effects and, hence, it is critical to understand cleavage mechanisms, metabolism of bioconjugates, and translatability to human in the discovery stages. This article provides a comprehensive overview of linker cleavage pathways and catabolism/metabolism of antibody-drug conjugates, glycoconjugates, polymer-drug conjugates, lipid-drug conjugates, folate-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates, and drug-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlan Liu
- KSQ Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Beck A, D’Atri V, Ehkirch A, Fekete S, Hernandez-Alba O, Gahoual R, Leize-Wagner E, François Y, Guillarme D, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge multi-level analytical and structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates: present and future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:337-362. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1578215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannis François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Lipovšek D, Carvajal I, Allentoff AJ, Barros A, Brailsford J, Cong Q, Cotter P, Gangwar S, Hollander C, Lafont V, Lau WL, Li W, Moreta M, O'Neil S, Pinckney J, Smith MJ, Su J, Terragni C, Wallace MA, Wang L, Wright M, Marsh HN, Bryson JW. Adnectin-drug conjugates for Glypican-3-specific delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumors. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:159-171. [PMID: 30247737 PMCID: PMC6158766 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific delivery of cytotoxic agents remains a challenge in cancer therapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) deliver their payloads to tumor cells that overexpress specific tumor-associated antigens-but the multi-day half-life of ADC leads to high exposure even of normal, antigen-free, tissues and thus contributes to dose-limiting toxicity. Here, we present Adnectin-drug conjugates, an alternative platform for tumor-specific delivery of cytotoxic payloads. Due to their small size (10 kDa), renal filtration eliminates Adnectins from the bloodstream within minutes to hours, ensuring low exposure to normal tissues. We used an engineered cysteine to conjugate an Adnectin that binds Glypican-3, a membrane protein overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, to a cytotoxic derivative of tubulysin, with the drug-to-Adnectin ratio of 1. We demonstrate specific, nanomolar binding of this Adnectin-drug conjugate to human and murine Glypican-3; its high thermostability; its localization to target-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, its fast clearance from normal tissues and its efficacy against Glypican-3-positive mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Lipovšek
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Irvith Carvajal
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Anthony Barros
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - John Brailsford
- Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Qiang Cong
- Discovery Chemistry Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Pete Cotter
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Discovery Chemistry Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Cris Hollander
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Virginie Lafont
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Wai Leung Lau
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Wenying Li
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Miguel Moreta
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Steven O'Neil
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jason Pinckney
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Smith
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Julie Su
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Christina Terragni
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Lifei Wang
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Wright
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - H Nicholas Marsh
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - James W Bryson
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Waltham, MA, USA
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9
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Taplin S, Vashisht K, Walles M, Calise D, Kluwe W, Bouchard P, Johnson R. Hepatotoxicity with antibody maytansinoid conjugates: A review of preclinical and clinical findings. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:600-615. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Taplin
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Inc.; East Hanover NJ USA
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10
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Yao M, Chen B, Zhao W, Mehl JT, Li L, Zhu M. LC-MS Differential Analysis for Fast and Sensitive Determination of Biotransformation of Therapeutic Proteins. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:451-457. [PMID: 29386233 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic biologics have become a fast-growing segment within the pharmaceutical industry during the past 3 decades. Although the metabolism of biologics is more predictable than small molecule drugs, biotransformation can significantly affect the activity of biologics. Unfortunately, there are only a limited number of published studies on the biotransformation of biologics, most of which are focused on one or a few types of modifications. In this study, an untargeted LC-MS-based differential analysis approach was developed to rapidly and precisely determine the universal biotransformation profile of biologics with the assistance of bioinformatic tools. A human monoclonal antibody (mAb) was treated with t-butyl hydroperoxide and compared with control mAb using a bottom-up proteomics approach. Thirty-seven types of post-translational modifications were identified, and 38 peptides were significantly changed. Moreover, although all modifications were screened and detected, only the ones related to the treatment process were revealed by differential analysis. Other modifications that coexist in both groups were filtered out. This novel analytical strategy can be effectively applied to study biotransformation-mediated protein modifications, which will streamline the process of biologic drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Bingming Chen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Weiping Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - John T Mehl
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Lingjun Li
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Y., W.Z., J.T.M., M.Z.); School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (B.C., L.L.); School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai, Tianjin, People's Republic of China (L.L.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
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11
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Bialucha CU, Collins SD, Li X, Saxena P, Zhang X, Dürr C, Lafont B, Prieur P, Shim Y, Mosher R, Lee D, Ostrom L, Hu T, Bilic S, Rajlic IL, Capka V, Jiang W, Wagner JP, Elliott G, Veloso A, Piel JC, Flaherty MM, Mansfield KG, Meseck EK, Rubic-Schneider T, London AS, Tschantz WR, Kurz M, Nguyen D, Bourret A, Meyer MJ, Faris JE, Janatpour MJ, Chan VW, Yoder NC, Catcott KC, McShea MA, Sun X, Gao H, Williams J, Hofmann F, Engelman JA, Ettenberg SA, Sellers WR, Lees E. Discovery and Optimization of HKT288, a Cadherin-6-Targeting ADC for the Treatment of Ovarian and Renal Cancers. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1030-1045. [PMID: 28526733 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite an improving therapeutic landscape, significant challenges remain in treating the majority of patients with advanced ovarian or renal cancer. We identified the cell-cell adhesion molecule cadherin-6 (CDH6) as a lineage gene having significant differential expression in ovarian and kidney cancers. HKT288 is an optimized CDH6-targeting DM4-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) developed for the treatment of these diseases. Our study provides mechanistic evidence supporting the importance of linker choice for optimal antitumor activity and highlights CDH6 as an antigen for biotherapeutic development. To more robustly predict patient benefit of targeting CDH6, we incorporate a population-based patient-derived xenograft (PDX) clinical trial (PCT) to capture the heterogeneity of response across an unselected cohort of 30 models-a novel preclinical approach in ADC development. HKT288 induces durable tumor regressions of ovarian and renal cancer models in vivo, including 40% of models on the PCT, and features a preclinical safety profile supportive of progression toward clinical evaluation.Significance: We identify CDH6 as a target for biotherapeutics development and demonstrate how an integrated pharmacology strategy that incorporates mechanistic pharmacodynamics and toxicology studies provides a rich dataset for optimizing the therapeutic format. We highlight how a population-based PDX clinical trial and retrospective biomarker analysis can provide correlates of activity and response to guide initial patient selection for first-in-human trials of HKT288. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 1030-45. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl U Bialucha
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Scott D Collins
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Parmita Saxena
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiamei Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens Dürr
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lafont
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierric Prieur
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yeonju Shim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Mosher
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Lee
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lance Ostrom
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tiancen Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sanela Bilic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vladimir Capka
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Jiang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joel P Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliott
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Artur Veloso
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica C Piel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Meghan M Flaherty
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith G Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emily K Meseck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Tina Rubic-Schneider
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Campus Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus Kurz
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Novartis Pharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Bourret
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Meyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason E Faris
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mary J Janatpour
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vivien W Chan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliet Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Campus Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Seth A Ettenberg
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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12
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LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of Lys-MCC-DM1, MCC-DM1 and DM1 as potential intracellular catabolites of the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:170-177. [PMID: 28131055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-MCC-DM1, MCC-DM1 and DM1 are potential catabolites of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). A convenient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to detect these catabolites simultaneously in in vitro investigations for the first time. Protein precipitation was utilized to prepare the samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100×2.1mm, 2.6μm) with mobile-phase gradient elution. The calibration curves of each analyte ranging from 1 to 100nM showed good linearity (r2>0.995). The method was validated successfully and applied to the intracellular catabolism and regulation of T-DM1.
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