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Yan J, Gu Q, Meng C, Liu J, Liu F, Xia C. Panaxytriol upregulates CYP3A4 expression through the interaction between nuclear regulators and DNA response elements. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116398. [PMID: 36948264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) is a crucial drug-metabolizing enzyme, and its expression is regulated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1), and acetyltransferase P300. Panaxytriol is a naturally derived active substance extracted from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. which is widely used clinically. Our previous studies have shown that panaxytriol induces CYP3A4 expression through PXR activation, which is antagonized by high CAR expression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of panaxytriol in inducing CYP3A4 expression via interactions between nuclear regulators and DNA response elements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoprecipitation technique was used to assess the binding levels of PXR and CAR with the coactivators SRC-1 and P300 in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the PXR and CAR interaction with the CYP3A4 promoter response element ER-6/DR-3. RESULTS The binding of PXR to SRC-1, P300, and the response elements ER-6 and DR-3 was improved with an increase in panaxytriol concentration (10-80 μM), and the binding affinity was further enhanced upon CAR silencing. The binding of CAR to SRC-1 and the response elements ER-6 and DR-3 was significantly higher at 80 μM panaxytriol, whereas no significant binding was observed between CAR and P300. CONCLUSION Panaxytriol promoted the recruitment of PXR to SRC-1 and P300, binding to ER-6 and DR-3, and upregulating CYP3A4 expression. Furthermore, an interactive dialogue regulatory mechanism between PXR and CAR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdi Yan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Chao Meng
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
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2
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Bwayi MN, Garcia-Maldonado E, Chai SC, Xie B, Chodankar S, Huber AD, Wu J, Annu K, Wright WC, Lee HM, Seetharaman J, Wang J, Buchman CD, Peng J, Chen T. Molecular basis of crosstalk in nuclear receptors: heterodimerization between PXR and CAR and the implication in gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3254-3275. [PMID: 35212371 PMCID: PMC8989523 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 48 human nuclear receptors (NRs) form a superfamily of transcription factors that regulate major physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that NR crosstalk can fundamentally change our understanding of NR biology, but detailed molecular mechanisms of crosstalk are lacking. Here, we report the molecular basis of crosstalk between the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), where they form a novel heterodimer, resulting in their mutual inhibition. PXR and CAR regulate drug metabolism and energy metabolism. Although they have been broadly perceived as functionally redundant, a growing number of reports suggests a mutual inhibitory relation, but their precise mode of coordinated action remains unknown. Using methods including RNA sequencing, small-angle X-ray scattering and crosslinking mass spectrometry we demonstrate that the mutual inhibition altered gene expression globally and is attributed to the novel PXR–CAR heterodimerization via the same interface used by each receptor to heterodimerize with its functional partner, retinoid X receptor (RXR). These findings establish an unexpected functional relation between PXR, CAR and RXR, change the perceived functional relation between PXR and CAR, open new perspectives on elucidating their role and designing approaches to regulate them, and highlight the importance to comprehensively investigate nuclear receptor crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monicah N Bwayi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Efren Garcia-Maldonado
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Boer Xie
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Shirish Chodankar
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Andrew D Huber
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Kavya Annu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - William C Wright
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Hyeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jayaraman Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jingheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Cameron D Buchman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.,Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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3
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Stanley LA, Wolf CR. Through a glass, darkly? HepaRG and HepG2 cells as models of human phase I drug metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:46-62. [PMID: 35188018 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2039688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and safety assessment of drug candidates is becoming increasingly dependent upon in vitro models of hepatic metabolism and toxicity. Predominant among these is the HepG2 cell line, although HepaRG is becoming increasingly popular because of its perceived closer resemblance to human hepatocytes. We review the functionality of these cell lines in terms of Phase I protein expression, basal cytochrome P450-dependent activity, and utility in P450 induction studies. Our analysis indicates that HepG2 cells are severely compromised: proteomic studies show that they express few key proteins in common with hepatocytes and they lack drug-metabolizing capacity. Differentiated HepaRGs are more hepatocyte-like than HepG2s, but they also have limitations, and it is difficult to assess their utility because of the enormous variability in data reported, possibly arising from the complex differentiation protocols required to obtain hepatocyte-like cells. This is exacerbated by the use of DMSO in the induction protocol, together with proprietary supplements whose composition is a commercial secret. We conclude that, while currently available data on the utility of HepaRG generates a confusing picture, this line does have potential utility in drug metabolism studies. However, to allow studies to be compared directly a standardized, reproducible differentiation protocol is essential and the cell line's functionality in terms of known mechanisms of P450 regulation must be demonstrated. We, therefore, support the development of regulatory guidelines for the use of HepaRGs in induction studies as a first step in generating a database of consistent, reliable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Stanley
- Consultant in Investigative Toxicology, Linlithgow, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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van der Mark VA, Adam AAA, Chang JC, Oude Elferink RP, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor and shaken 3D-culturing increase biotransformation and oxidative phosphorylation and sensitivity to mitochondrial amiodarone toxicity of HepaRG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115055. [PMID: 32428594 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver cell line HepaRG is one of the preferred sources of human hepatocytes for in vitro applications. However, mitochondrial energy metabolism is relatively low, which affects hepatic functionality and sensitivity to hepatotoxins. Culturing in a bioartificial liver (BAL) system with high oxygen, medium perfusion, low substrate stiffness, and 3D conformation increases HepaRG functionality and mitochondrial activity compared to conventional monolayer culturing. In addition, drug metabolism has been improved by overexpression of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a regulator of drug and energy metabolism in the new HepaRG-CAR line. Here, we investigated the effect of BAL culturing on the HepaRG-CAR line by applying a simple and downscaled BAL culture procedure based on shaking 3D cultures, named Bal-in-a-dish (BALIAD). We compared monolayer and BALIAD cultures of HepaRG and HepaRG-CAR cells. CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing synergistically or additively increased transcript levels of CAR and three of the seven tested CAR target genes in biotransformation. Additionally, Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity was 35-fold increased. The mitochondrial energy metabolism was enhanced; lactate production and glucose consumption switched into lactate elimination and glucose production. BALIAD culturing alone reduced glycogen content and increased oxygen consumption and mitochondrial content. Both CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels. HepaRG-CAR BALIADs were most sensitive to mitochondrial toxicity induced by the hepatotoxin amiodarone, as indicated by oxygen consumption and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. These data show that BALIAD culturing of HepaRG-CAR cells induces high mitochondrial energy metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism, increasing its potential for drug toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A van der Mark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aziza A A Adam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert A F M Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Adam AAA, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, van der Mark VA, Oude Elferink RP, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Genome-wide expression profiling reveals increased stability and mitochondrial energy metabolism of the human liver cell line HepaRG-CAR. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:377-395. [PMID: 32130581 PMCID: PMC7225227 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human liver cell line HepaRG is a well-known source of human hepatocyte-like cells which, however, displays limited biotransformation and a tendency to transform after 20 passages. The new HepaRG-CAR cell line overexpressing constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3), a regulator of detoxification and energy metabolism outperforms the parental HepaRG cell line in various liver functions. To further characterize this cell line and assess its stability we compared HepaRG-CAR with HepaRG cells at different passages for their expression profile, ammonia and lactate metabolism, bile acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Transcriptomic profiling of HepaRG-CAR vs. HepaRG early-passage revealed downregulation of hypoxia, glycolysis and proliferation and upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation genesets. In addition CAR overexpression downregulated the mTORC1 signaling pathway, which, as mediator of proliferation and metabolic reprogramming, may play an important role in the establishment of the HepaRG-CAR phenotype. The ammonia and lactate metabolism and bile acid production of HepaRG-CAR cells was stable for 10 additional passages compared to HepaRG cells. Interestingly, bile acid production was 4.5-fold higher in HepaRG-CAR vs. HepaRG cells, whereas lactate and ROS production were 2.7- and 2.0-fold lower, respectively. Principal component analysis showed clustering of HepaRG-CAR (early- and late-passage) and HepaRG early-passage and not with HepaRG late-passage indicating that passaging exerted larger effect on the transcriptional profile of HepaRG than HepaRG-CAR cells. In conclusion, overexpression of CAR in HepaRG cells improves their bile acid production, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and stability, with the latter possibly due to reduced ROS production, resulting in an optimized source of human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A. A. Adam
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D. Moerland
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent A. van der Mark
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Surgical Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. F. M. Chamuleau
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Surgical Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Louisse J, Alewijn M, Peijnenburg AA, Cnubben NH, Heringa MB, Coecke S, Punt A. Towards harmonization of test methods for in vitro hepatic clearance studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 63:104722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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A first experience of transduction for differentiated HepaRG cells using lentiviral technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12910. [PMID: 31501487 PMCID: PMC6733867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of systems for studying the role of hepatitis B viral proteins, such as HBeAg and HBcAg, on liver injury. It is necessary to develop an original tool in order to clarify the role of these viral proteins in hepatic stellate cell activation, and to understand the molecular mechanisms of liver injury. HepaRG are the most reliable hepatocyte-like cells for studying liver functions or disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate that the transduction of differentiated HepaRG (dHepaRG) cells can be performed successfully using lentiviral particles. The production of a functional Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) assessed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting and fluorescence microscopy is up to 16% of GFP positive cells using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2.4. We demonstrate that this technology can allow the stable expression of GFP during the long lifecycle of the cell (up to four weeks after the cell’s passage). With this innovative tool, we aim to express viral proteins such as HBeAg or HBcAg in dHepaRG cells. The preliminary results of this work shows that HBeAg can be efficiently produced in dHepaRG cells and that increased MOI allows a better production of this protein. Our future objective will be to study the role of HBc and HBe proteins on the induction of hepatic fibrosis.
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8
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Adam AAA, van der Mark VA, Ruiter JPN, Wanders RJA, Oude Elferink RPJ, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. Overexpression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 significantly improves ureagenesis of human liver HepaRG cells only when cultured under shaking conditions. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:298-308. [PMID: 30802674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is an important contributing factor to hepatic encephalopathy in end-stage liver failure patients. Therefore reducing hyperammonemia is a requisite of bioartificial liver support (BAL). Ammonia elimination by human liver HepaRG cells occurs predominantly through reversible fixation into amino acids, whereas the irreversible conversion into urea is limited. Compared to human liver, the expression and activity of the three urea cycle (UC) enzymes carbamoyl-phosphate synthase1 (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) and arginase1, are low. To improve HepaRG cells as BAL biocomponent, its rate limiting factor of the UC was determined under two culture conditions: static and dynamic medium flow (DMF) achieved by shaking. HepaRG cells increasingly converted escalating arginine doses into urea, indicating that arginase activity is not limiting ureagenesis. Neither was OTC activity, as a stable HepaRG line overexpressing OTC exhibited a 90- and 15.7-fold upregulation of OTC transcript and activity levels, without improvement in ureagenesis. However, a stable HepaRG line overexpressing CPS1 showed increased mitochondrial stress and reduced hepatic differentiation without promotion of the CPS1 transcript level or ureagenesis under static-culturing conditions, yet, it exhibited a 4.3-fold increased ureagenesis under DMF. This was associated with increased CPS1 transcript and activity levels amounting to >2-fold, increased mitochondrial abundance and hepatic differentiation. Unexpectedly, the transcript levels of several other UC genes increased up to 6.8-fold. We conclude that ureagenesis can be improved in HepaRG cells by CPS1 overexpression, however, only in combination with DMF-culturing, suggesting that both the low CPS1 level and static-culturing, possibly due to insufficient mitochondria, are limiting UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A A Adam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent A van der Mark
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Surgical Laboratory, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P N Ruiter
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A F M Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurdtje Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AG&M, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Surgical Laboratory, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Mayati A, Moreau A, Le Vée M, Bruyère A, Jouan E, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Fardel O. Functional polarization of human hepatoma HepaRG cells in response to forskolin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16115. [PMID: 30382126 PMCID: PMC6208432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HepaRG is an original human hepatoma cell line, acquiring highly differentiated hepatic features when exposed to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). To search alternatives to DMSO, which may exert some toxicity, we have analyzed the effects of forskolin (FSK), a cAMP-generating agent known to favor differentiation of various cell types. FSK used at 50 µM for 3 days was found to promote polarization of high density-plated HepaRG cells, i.e., it markedly enhanced the formation of functional biliary canaliculi structures. It also increased expressions of various hepatic markers, including those of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4, of drug transporters like NTCP, OATP2B1 and BSEP, and of metabolism enzymes like glucose 6-phosphatase. In addition, FSK-treated HepaRG cells displayed enhanced activities of CYP3A4, NTCP and OATPs when compared to untreated cells. These polarizing/differentiating effects of FSK were next shown to reflect not only the generation of cAMP, but also the activation of the xenobiotic sensing receptors PXR and FXR by FSK. Co-treatment of HepaRG cells by the cAMP analog Sp-5,6-DCl-cBIMPS and the reference PXR agonist rifampicin reproduced the polarizing effects of FSK. Therefore, FSK may be considered as a relevant alternative to DMSO for getting polarized and differentiated HepaRG cells, notably for pharmacological and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mayati
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Pharmacocinétique, Technologie Servier, F-45000, Orléans, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Denizot
- Centre de Recherche en Pharmacocinétique, Technologie Servier, F-45000, Orléans, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Centre de Recherche en Pharmacocinétique, Technologie Servier, F-45000, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France. .,Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, F-35033, Rennes, France.
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10
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Ren Z, Chen S, Ning B, Guo L. Use of Liver-Derived Cell Lines for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7677-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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