1
|
Sheikh A, Zechmann B, Sayes CM, Taube JH, Greathouse KL. A preparation of bacterial outer membrane with osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate co-stain enables improved structural determination by transmission electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:515-519. [PMID: 37148329 PMCID: PMC10673695 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, such as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), are routinely characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, we report a novel method to prepare OMVs for TEM imaging. To preserve vesicular shape and structure, we developed a dual fixation protocol involving osmium tetroxide incubation prior to negative staining with uranyl acetate. Combining osmium tetroxide with uranyl acetate resulted in preservation of sub-50 nm vesicles and improved morphological stability, enhancing characterization of lipid-based nanoparticles by TEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Joseph H Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Nutrition Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taitz JJ, Tan JK, Potier-Villette C, Ni D, King NJ, Nanan R, Macia L. Diet, commensal microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles, and host immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250163. [PMID: 37137164 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has co-evolved with its host, and commensal bacteria can influence both the host's immune development and function. Recently, a role has emerged for bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as potent immune modulators. BEVs are nanosized membrane vesicles produced by all bacteria, possessing the membrane characteristics of the originating bacterium and carrying an internal cargo that may include nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Thus, BEVs possess multiple avenues for regulating immune processes, and have been implicated in allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. BEVs are biodistributed locally in the gut, and also systemically, and thus have the potential to affect both the local and systemic immune responses. The production of gut microbiota-derived BEVs is regulated by host factors such as diet and antibiotic usage. Specifically, all aspects of nutrition, including macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and food additives (the antimicrobial sodium benzoate), can regulate BEV production. This review summarizes current knowledge of the powerful links between nutrition, antibiotics, gut microbiota-derived BEV, and their effects on immunity and disease development. It highlights the potential of targeting or utilizing gut microbiota-derived BEV as a therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma J Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian K Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Potier-Villette
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jc King
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jalalifar S, Morovati Khamsi H, Hosseini-Fard SR, Karampoor S, Bajelan B, Irajian G, Mirzaei R. Emerging role of microbiota derived outer membrane vesicles to preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic proposes. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36658631 PMCID: PMC9850788 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota and its products in human health and disease is profoundly investigated. The communication between gut microbiota and the host involves a complicated network of signaling pathways via biologically active molecules generated by intestinal microbiota. Some of these molecules could be assembled within nanoparticles known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recent studies propose that OMVs play a critical role in shaping immune responses, including homeostasis and acute inflammatory responses. Moreover, these OMVs have an immense capacity to be applied in medical research, such as OMV-based vaccines and drug delivery. This review presents a comprehensive overview of emerging knowledge about biogenesis, the role, and application of these bacterial-derived OMVs, including OMV-based vaccines, OMV adjuvants characteristics, OMV vehicles (in conjugated vaccines), cancer immunotherapy, and drug carriers and delivery systems. Moreover, we also highlight the significance of the potential role of these OMVs in diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jalalifar
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Morovati Khamsi
- Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Bajelan
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Chen P, Mohammed SAD, Li Z, Jiang X, Wu J, Liu S. Exploration of the potential mechanism of Baicalin for hepatic fibrosis based on network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1051100. [PMID: 36687648 PMCID: PMC9846333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is among the most effective and abundant flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that may be utilized to treat diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis (HF). Through network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and experimental validation, this research intends to elucidate the multi-target mechanism of BA on HF. BA targets were screened using databases and literature. As a result, In the anti-HF mechanism, the BA and 191 HF-associated targets interact, with 9 specific targets indicating that the BA's anti-HF mechanism is closely linked to gut microbiota. Consequently, rat intestinal content samples were obtained and examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. In the BA-treated group, the gut microbiota was positively regulated at the phylum,and genus levels, with Lactobacillus performing significantly. The study concluded that BA has a multi-targeted anti-HF effect and has changed the gut microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shadi A. D. Mohammed
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Zihui Li
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Shumin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Damage Epithelial Barrier and Induce Inflammation and Pyroptosis in Macrophages. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010089. [PMID: 36611884 PMCID: PMC9818291 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis is an opportunistic pathogen that widely exists in the human intestine and can cause severe infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms contributing to its pathogenesis remain of great interest. In this study, we aim to investigate the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by D. fairfieldensis and their pathogenic effect. The OMVs separated by ultracentrifugation were spherical and displayed a characteristic bilayer lipid structure observed by transmission electron microscopy, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 75 nm measurement using the particle size analyzer. We identified 1496 and 916 proteins from D. fairfieldensis and its OMVs using label-free non-target quantitative proteomics, respectively. The 560 co-expressed proteins could participate in bacterial life activities by function prediction. The translocation protein TolB, which participates in OMVs biogenesis and transporting toxins was highly expressed in OMVs. The OMVs inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins OCCLUDIN and ZO-1 in human colonic epithelial cells (Caco-2). The OMVs decreased the cell viability of monocyte macrophages (THP-1-Mφ) and activated various inflammatory factors secretion, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and many interleukins. Further, we found the OMVs induced the expression of cleaved-gasdermin D, caspase-1, and c-IL-1β and caused pyroptosis in THP-1-Mφ cells. Taken together, these data reveal that the D. fairfieldensis OMVs can damage the intestinal epithelial barrier and activate intrinsic inflammation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Li T, Gao X, Yan Z, Wai TS, Yang W, Chen J, Yan R. Understanding the tonifying and the detoxifying properties of Chinese medicines from their impacts on gut microbiota and host metabolism: a case study with four medicinal herbs in experimental colitis rat model. Chin Med 2022; 17:118. [PMID: 36195889 PMCID: PMC9533630 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese medicines (CMs) have emerged as an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis through reinforcing the vital qi and/or eliminating the pathogenic factors according to the traditional Chinese medicinal theory. Presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota and the associated metabolic network shift are believed to be essential to achieve their holistic health benefits in traditional oral application. METHODS This study first employed 16S rDNA-based microbial profiling and mass spectrometry-based urinary metabolomics to simultaneously evaluate four single CMs frequently prescribed as main constituent herbs for alleviating UC, the tonic ginseng and Astragali Radix (AR) and the detoxifying Scutellaria Radix (SR) and Rhubarb, on a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rat model, with aims to understanding the tonifying or detoxifying properties of CMs through clinical phenotypes, the common features and herb-specific signatures in gut microbial alterations and the associated host metabolic shifts. Colitis was induced in rats receiving 5% DSS for consecutive 7 days. Control group received water alone. Herbal groups received 5% DSS and respective herbal preparation by gavage once daily. Body weight, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding were recorded daily. Feces and urine were freshly collected at multiple time points. On day 7, blood and colon tissues were collected to determine anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, and histopathologic alterations. RESULTS Gut microbiome was more prone to herb intervention than metabolome and displayed increasing associations with metabolic dynamics. Although both the tonic and the detoxifying herbs alleviated colitis and caused some similar changes in DSS-induced microbiome and metabolome disturbance, the tonic herbs were more effective and shared more common microbial and metabolic signatures. The detoxifying herbs elicited herb-specific changes. Rhubarb uniquely affected phenylalanine metabolism and established high correlations between Akkermansia muciniphila and Parasutterella and hydroxyphenylacetylglycine and phenylbutyrylglycine, while SR caused significant elevation of steroidal glucuronides dehydropregnenolone glucuronide and estriol glucuronide, both displaying exclusive correlations with genus Acetatifactor. CONCLUSION Both tonic and detoxifying herbs tested ameliorated experimental colitis and elicited alternative microbial and host metabolic reprogramming. The findings highlight the importance of presystemic interactions with gut microbiota to host metabolic shifts and promote modern translation of tonic and detoxifying properties of CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Tai-Seng Wai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Junru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Avagliano C, De Caro C, Cuozzo M, Liguori FM, La Rana G, Micheli L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Paciello O, Russo R. Phaseolus vulgaris extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced colonic barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mice by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor expression and butyrate levels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930832. [PMID: 36034787 PMCID: PMC9403263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health concern worldwide, and its onset is multifactorial. In addition to metabolic syndrome, a high-fat diet induces many deleterious downstream effects, such as chronic systemic inflammation, a loss of gut barrier integrity, and gut microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of many butyrate-producing bacteria. These conditions can be ameliorated by increasing legumes in the daily diet. White and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and their non-nutritive bioactive component phaseolamin were demonstrated to mitigate several pathological features related to a metabolic syndrome-like condition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the protective effects on the intestinal and liver environment of a chronic oral treatment with P. vulgaris extract (PHAS) on a murine model of the high-fat diet. Results show that PHAS treatment has an anti-inflammatory effect on the liver, colon, and cecum. This protective effect was mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and γ. Moreover, we also observed that repeated PHAS treatment was able to restore tight junctions’ expression and protective factors of colon and cecum integrity disrupted in HFD mice. This improvement was correlated with a significant increase of butyrate levels in serum and fecal samples compared to the HFD group. These data underline that prolonged treatment with PHAS significantly reduces some pathological features related to the metabolic syndrome-like condition, such as inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption; therefore, PHAS could be a valid tool to be associated with the therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health–Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health–Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health–Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Russo,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pompili S, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Cappariello A. Extracellular Vesicles and Resistance to Anticancer Drugs: A Tumor Skeleton Key for Unhinging Chemotherapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933675. [PMID: 35814444 PMCID: PMC9259994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although surgical procedures and clinical care allow reaching high success in fighting most tumors, cancer is still a formidable foe. Recurrence and metastatization dampen the patients’ overall survival after the first diagnosis; nevertheless, the large knowledge of the molecular bases drives these aspects. Chemoresistance is tightly linked to these features and is mainly responsible for the failure of cancer eradication, leaving patients without a crucial medical strategy. Many pathways have been elucidated to trigger insensitiveness to drugs, generally associated with the promotion of tumor growth, aggressiveness, and metastatisation. The main mechanisms reported are the expression of transporter proteins, the induction or mutations of oncogenes and transcription factors, the alteration in genomic or mitochondrial DNA, the triggering of autophagy or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the acquisition of a stem phenotype, and the activation of tumor microenvironment cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can directly transfer or epigenetically induce to a target cell the molecular machinery responsible for the acquisition of resistance to drugs. In this review, we resume the main body of knowledge supporting the crucial role of EVs in the context of chemoresistance, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms related to some of the main drugs used to fight cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Chen WD, Wang YD. Nuclear receptors: a bridge linking the gut microbiome and the host. Mol Med 2021; 27:144. [PMID: 34740314 PMCID: PMC8570027 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is the totality of microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi within the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes through regulating varieties of metabolic factors such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and amino acids. Nuclear receptors, as metabolic mediators, act as a series of intermediates between the microbiome and the host and help the microbiome regulate diverse processes in the host. Recently, nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and vitamin D receptor have been identified as key regulators of the microbiome-host crosstalk. These nuclear receptors regulate metabolic processes, immune activity, autophagy, non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Conclusion In this review, we have summarized the functions of the nuclear receptors in the gut microbiome-host axis in different physiological and pathological conditions, indicating that the nuclear receptors may be the good targets for treatment of different diseases through the crosstalk with the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, The People' Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheikh A, Taube J, Greathouse KL. Contribution of the Microbiota and their Secretory Products to Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: The Role of Toll-like Receptors. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1133-1142. [PMID: 34218275 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in diversity and function of the gut microbiome are associated with concomitant changes in immune response, including chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). An important component of the inflammatory response system are the toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are capable of sensing microbial components, including nucleic acids, lipopolysaccharides, and peptidoglycans, as well as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV). OMVs can be decorated with or carry as cargo these TLR activating factors. These microbial factors can either promote tolerance or activate signaling pathways leading to chronic inflammation. Herein we discuss the role of the microbiome and the OMVs that originate from intestinal bacteria in promoting chronic inflammation and the development of colitis-associated CRC. We also discuss the contribution of TLRs in mediating the microbiome-inflammation axis and subsequent cancer development. Understanding the role of the microbiome and its secretory factors in TLR response may lead to the development of better cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University
| | - Joseph Taube
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University.,Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen Q, Huang Z, Yao J, Jin Y. Extracellular vesicles-mediated interaction within intestinal microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2021; 37:221-233. [PMID: 35499059 PMCID: PMC9039646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EVs derived from different sources play modulatory functions in the intestine, especially interaction associated with microbiota. An EV-mediated interaction system was established to describe the possible mechanism of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. EVs-based treatments show great potential of clinical applications in IBD diagnosis and therapy.
Background The intestinal tract is a complicated ecosystem with dynamic homeostasis via interaction of intestine and microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic intestinal inflammation involving dysbiosis of intestinal microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as vital characteristics of cell–cell and cell-organism communication, contribute to homeostasis in intestine. Recently, EVs showed excellent potential for clinical applications in disease diagnoses and therapies. Aim of Review Our current review discusses the modulatory functions of EVs derived from different sources in intestine, especially their effects and applications in IBD clinical therapy. EV-mediated interaction systems between host intestine and microbiota were established to describe possible mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis and its cure. Key Scientific Concepts of Review EVs are excellent vehicles for delivering molecules containing genetic information to recipient cells. Multiple pieces of evidence have illustrated that EVs participate the interaction between host and microbiota in intestinal microenvironment. In inflammatory intestine with dysbiosis of microbiota, EVs as regulators target promoting immune response and microbial reconstruction. EVs-based immunotherapy could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhuizui Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiachen Yao
- Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Corresponding author at: 18, Chaowang Road, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ayyar KK, Moss AC. Exosomes in Intestinal Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658505. [PMID: 34177577 PMCID: PMC8220320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–150 nm sized vesicles released by a variety of cells, and are found in most physiological compartments (feces, blood, urine, saliva, breast milk). They can contain different cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. In Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a distinct exosome profile can be detected in blood and fecal samples. In addition, circulating exosomes can carry targets on their surface for monoclonal antibodies used as IBD therapy. This review aims to understand the exosome profile in humans and other mammals, the cargo contained in them, the effect of exosomes on the gut, and the application of exosomes in IBD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana K Ayyar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alan C Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahmed AAQ, Qi F, Zheng R, Xiao L, Abdalla AME, Mao L, Bakadia BM, Liu L, Atta OM, Li X, Shi Z, Yang G. The impact of ExHp-CD (outer membrane vesicles) released from Helicobacter pylori SS1 on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their immunogenic potential. Life Sci 2021; 279:119644. [PMID: 34048813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles could play a major role in attenuating and treating diseases. They play a major anti-infection role by modulating immune responses against pathogens and preventing infection by inhibiting pathogen localization and proliferation. In this study, outer membrane vesicles (ExHp-CD) released by Helicobacter pylori SS1 (H. pylori) and total antigens isolated from H. pylori SS1 (AgHp) were evaluated for their immunogenic potential and their effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Results demonstrated that both ExHp-CD and AgHp induced T helper 2 (Th2) immune response, which was reported to be important in immune protection against H. pylori infections. Both ExHp-CD and AgHp produced high levels of IL-10 and IL-4, while no significant levels of IL-12 p70 or IFN-γ were detected. However, ExHp-CD showed a better effect on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells compared to AgHp. Macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with 5, and 10 μg/mL of ExHp-CD showed an increased ratio of CD206 (M2 phenotype marker) and a decreased ratio of CD86 (M1 phenotype marker). Moreover, results suggested that the immunogenic effect that ExHp-CD possesses was attributed to their cargo of Epimerase_2 domain-containing protein (Epi_2D), Probable malate:quinone oxidoreductase (Pro_mqo), and Probable cytosol aminopeptidase (Pro_ca). Results demonstrated that ExHp-CD possesses an immunological activity to induce Th2 immune response against H. pylori infection with results comparable to AgHp. However, ExHp-CD showed higher efficacy regarding safety, biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, and hemocompatibility. Thus, it could serve as an immunogenic candidate with more desired characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuyu Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruizhu Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ahmed M E Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum 1660/11111, Sudan
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bianza Moise Bakadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao L, Ye Y, Gu L, Jian Z, Stary CM, Xiong X. Extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA as a novel regulatory system for bi-directional communication in gut-brain-microbiota axis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:202. [PMID: 33975607 PMCID: PMC8111782 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain-microbiota axis (GBMAx) coordinates bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, and is increasingly recognized as playing a central role in physiology and disease. MicroRNAs are important intracellular components secreted by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which act as vital mediators of intercellular and interspecies communication. This review will present current advances in EV-derived microRNAs and their potential functional link with GBMAx. We propose that EV-derived microRNAs comprise a novel regulatory system for GBMAx, and a potential novel therapeutic target for modifying GBMAx in clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Y, Hu N, Gao XJ, Li T, Yan ZX, Wang PP, Wei B, Li S, Zhang ZJ, Li SL, Yan R. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and ginseng intervention altered oral pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113251. [PMID: 32810615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Application of cyclosporine A (CsA) as a rescue treatment in acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited by its narrow therapeutic window and great interpatient variability. As a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the oral pharmacokinetics of CsA is susceptible to disease status and concomitant medications. Combined treatment with ginseng, a famous medicinal herb frequently prescribed for ameliorating abnormal immune response in many diseases including UC, showed immunologic safety in CsA-based immunosuppression. AIM OF THE STUDY Since the therapeutic levels of CsA can be achieved within 24 h, this study first assessed the impact of acute colitis and ginseng intervention on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics of CsA and explored the underlying mechanisms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis rats and Caco-2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received drinking water (normal group), 5% DSS (UC group), or 5% DSS plus daily oral ginseng extract (GS+UC group). On day 7, GS+UC group only received an oral dose of CsA (5 mg/kg), while animals of normal or UC group received an oral, intravenous (1.25 mg/kg), or intraperitoneal dose of CsA (1.25 mg/kg), respectively. Blood, liver/intestine tissues and fecal samples were collected for determining CsA and main hydroxylated metabolite HO-CsA or measuring hepatic/intestinal CYP3A activity. Caco-2 cells were incubated with gut microbial culture supernatant (CS) of different groups or ginseng (decoction or polysaccharides), and then CYP3A, P-gp and tight junction (TJ) proteins were determined. RESULTS Oral CsA exhibited enhanced absorption, systemic exposure and tissue accumulation, and lower fecal excretion, while intravenous or intraperitoneal CsA showed lower systemic exposure and enhanced distribution, in colitis rats. Diminished intestinal and hepatic P-gp expression well explained the changes with DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, blood exposures of HO-CsA in both normal and colitis after oral dosing were significantly higher than intravenous/intraperitoneal dosing, supporting the dominant role of intestinal first-pass metabolism. Interestingly, colitis reduced CYP3A expression in intestine and liver but only potentiated intestinal CYP3A activity, causing higher oral systemic exposure of HO-CsA. Oral ginseng mitigated colitis-induced down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp expression, facilitated HO-CsA production, biliary excretion and colonic sequestration of CsA, while not affected CsA oral systemic exposure. In Caco-2 cells, gut microbial CS from both colitis and GS+UC group diminished P-gp function, while ginseng polysaccharides directly affected ZO-1 distribution and suppressed TJ proteins expression, explaining unaltered oral CsA systemic exposure. CONCLUSIONS DSS-induced colitis significantly altered oral CsA disposition through regulating intestinal and hepatic P-gp and CYP3A. One-week ginseng treatment enhanced colonic accumulation while not altered the systemic exposure of CsA after single oral dosing, indicating pharmacokinetic compatibility between the two medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Sai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Zai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gheorghe CE, Ritz NL, Martin JA, Wardill HR, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1941711. [PMID: 34328058 PMCID: PMC8331043 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously - making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rodent studies (either from human or animal donors) allows us to better understand the causal role of the intestinal microbiota across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization and requires careful experimental design in order to obtain optimal results. By comparing several studies in which rodents are the final recipients of FMT, we summarize the common practices employed. In this review, we document the limitations of this method and highlight different parameters to be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing this method is challenging, as it differs according to the research topic, but avoiding common pitfalls is feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered to this day and we offer a discussion on issues to be explored in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Macrophages-Microbiota Interplay in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Related Inflammation: Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186866. [PMID: 32962159 PMCID: PMC7558485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main population of myeloid cells infiltrating solid tumors and the pivotal orchestrators of cancer-promoting inflammation. However, due to their exceptional plasticity, macrophages can be also key effector cells and powerful activators of adaptive anti-tumor immunity. This functional heterogeneity is emerging in human tumors, colorectal cancer (CRC) in particular, where the dynamic co-existence of different macrophage subtypes influences tumor development, outcome, and response to therapies. Intestinal macrophages are in close interaction with enteric microbiota, which contributes to carcinogenesis and affects treatment outcomes. This interplay may be particularly relevant in CRC, one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types in the world. Therefore, both macrophages and intestinal microbiota are considered promising prognostic indicators and valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular circuits underlying the interplay between macrophages and microbiota in CRC development, progression, and response to both conventional therapies and immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Extracellular Vesicles with Possible Roles in Gut Intestinal Tract Homeostasis and IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1945832. [PMID: 32410847 PMCID: PMC7201673 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1945832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract consists of various types of cells, such as epithelial cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, which constitute the intestinal immune system and play a significant role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by producing antimicrobial materials and controlling the host-commensal balance. Various studies have found that the dysfunction of intestinal homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a novel mediator, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as effective communicators, not only between cells but also between cells and the organism. In recent years, EVs have been regarded as vital characters for dysregulated homeostasis and IBD in either the etiology or the pathology of intestinal inflammation. Here, we review recent studies on EVs associated with intestinal homeostasis and IBD and discuss their source, cargo, and origin, as well as their therapeutic effects on IBD, which mainly include artificial nanoparticles and EVs derived from microorganisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
In ovo Injection of a Galacto-Oligosaccharide Prebiotic in Broiler Chickens Submitted to Heat-Stress: Impact on Transcriptomic Profile and Plasma Immune Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121067. [PMID: 31810282 PMCID: PMC6940861 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic in ovo injected on intestinal transcriptome and plasma immune parameters of broiler chickens kept under thermoneutral (TN) or heat stress (HS) conditions. Fertilized Ross 308 eggs were injected in ovo with 0.2 mL physiological saline without (control, CON) or with 3.5 mg of GOS (GOS). Three-hundred male chicks/injection treatment (25 birds/pen) were kept in TN or HS (30 °C) conditions during the last growing phase, in a 2 × 2 factorial design. At slaughter, from 20 birds/injection group (half from TN and half from HS), jejunum and cecum were collected for transcriptome analysis, and plasma was collected. No differences in plasma parameters (IgA and IgG, serum amyloid) and no interaction between injection treatment and environment condition were found. GOS-enriched gene sets related to energetic metabolism in jejunum, and to lipid metabolism in cecum, were involved in gut barrier maintenance. A homogeneous reaction to heat stress was determined along the gut, which showed downregulation of the genes related to energy and immunity, irrespective of in ovo treatment. GOS efficacy in counteracting heat stress was scarce after ten days of environmental treatment, but the in ovo supplementation modulates group of genes in jejunum and cecum of broiler chickens.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mannavola F, Salerno T, Passarelli A, Tucci M, Internò V, Silvestris F. Revisiting the Role of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Where Are We Now?. Front Oncol 2019; 9:521. [PMID: 31275854 PMCID: PMC6593071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles constitutively released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their role as inter-cellular messengers involved in both physiological and pathological processes has overwhelmingly come to light in the last decade, and their contribution to cancerogenesis and tumor metastasis is under intensive investigation. Here we review the most recent information concerning Exos in colorectal cancer (CRC) and focus on their effects on tumor microenvironment and the immune system, as well as unravel their role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and in drug resistance. Such a recent knowledge on Exos depicts their potential translations into the clinical arena, either as an alternative tool of “liquid biopsy” or novel therapeutic approaches for CRC. However, due to the limited data available from clinical trials, they need further validations before addressing their putative application in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tina Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Internò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan Z, Li T, Wei B, Wang P, Wan J, Wang Y, Yan R. High-resolution MS/MS metabolomics by data-independent acquisition reveals urinary metabolic alteration in experimental colitis. Metabolomics 2019; 15:70. [PMID: 31041724 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional high-resolution MS1 based untargeted metabolomics suffers from low sensitivity, while low-resolution MS/MS based multiple reaction monitoring increases sensitivity at the cost of metabolite coverage and the mass accuracy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate and apply the high-resolution MS/MS level untargeted metabolomics. METHODS SWATH based data-independent acquisition (DIA) was optimized to obtain MS/MS of all precursor ions. RESULTS SWATH-MS/MS could rescue MS1 obscured or saturated metabolites and potentially provide diagnostic fragments to differentiate isomers. For SWATH-MS/MS, 4944 out of 21492 (23.0%) and 2289 out of 12831 (17.8%) fragment ion features significantly changed (Fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05) between Normal and experimental acute ulcerative colitis (UC) groups in positive and negative ion mode, respectively. For SWATH-MS1, 1022 out of 4818 (21.2%) and 353 out of 2266 (15.6%) features significantly changed in positive and negative ion mode, respectively. By deciphering the metabolite profiles with high-resolution MS/MS, it allows versatile post-acquisition data mining such as open detection of different sub-metabolome. The method revealed a global urinary metabolic alteration and increased glucuronide and sulfate sub-metabolome in UC. The major limitation of untargeted SWATH-MS/MS is increased interferences derived from wider Q1 isolation window. CONCLUSIONS SWATH-MS/MS is a versatile metabolomics strategy, merging the coverage of high-resolution untargeted metabolomics and the sensitivity of MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Jianbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu J, An M, Zhu J, Tan Z, Chen GY, Stidham RW, Lubman DM. A Method for Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Fecal Samples by LC-MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 12:38-42. [PMID: 31057293 PMCID: PMC6497448 DOI: 10.4172/0974-276x.1000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized spheres secreted by bacteria that are similar to the vesicles known as exosomes, which are secreted by most mammalian cell types. In contrast to many studies focusing on optimizing methods for enriching exosomes from biological fluid, few studies have been conducted to investigate outer membrane vesicles from fecal samples. Herein, we have developed a pipeline comprised of membrane filtration and multiple cycles of ultracentrifugation (UC) to isolate OMVs from fecal samples for proteomics analysis, where multiple cycles of UC are required for removal of contaminants. By iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomics analysis, different filter sizes (0.22 μm and 0.45 μm) were compared in terms of their performance in enriching OMVs and eliminating background fecal material. Using the 0.45 μm filter, a slightly higher protein yield was obtained but no additional contaminating proteins from bacteria were identified compared to those from the 0.22 μm filter. The 0.45 μm filter together with the multiple cycles of UC were thus used to isolate OMVs for proteomics analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study profiling a large number of OMV proteins from fecal samples. Such capabilities may help provide valuable information in understanding the communication between the host and microbiota, which is critical in preventing cancer and disease development
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu J, Li H, Xie H, Wu X, Lan P. The malignant role of exosomes in the communication among colorectal cancer cell, macrophage and microbiome. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:601-610. [PMID: 30864655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cai W, Kesavan DK, Wan J, Abdelaziz MH, Su Z, Xu H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles, a potential vaccine candidate in interactions with host cells based. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:95. [PMID: 30537996 PMCID: PMC6290530 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and metabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered as a by-product of bacterial merisis. However, many scientists have reported the important role of OMVs in many fields recently. In this review, we briefly introduce OMVs biological functions and then summarize the findings about the OMVs interactions with host cells. At last, we will make an expectation about the prospects of the application of OMVs as vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,The Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Reveals Associated Gut Microbial and Host Metabolic Reprogramming. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00434-18. [PMID: 29728388 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00434-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is gaining attention for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Data from individual case studies have suggested that FMT may be beneficial for UC, but the detailed microbial and molecular basis remains unknown. Here, we employ 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics to investigate the influence of FMT on gut microbial community composition and host metabolism in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC rat model. The findings from this pilot study suggest that FMT from normal donors to UC recipients could alleviate UC symptoms without close resemblance of donor's gut microbial and metabolic pattern. Meanwhile, FMT from UC donors to normal recipient rats triggered UC symptoms, UC-prone microbial shift, and host metabolic adaption. Gut microbiota under normal conditions could maintain stable species richness and diversity upon FMT intervention, but the disturbed gut microbiota under UC conditions could not maintain such homeostasis. Significant correlations between altered bacterial composition and host metabolism could be assigned to the pathological effects of UC (accounting for 8.0 to 16.2% of total variance) and/or the FMT intervention effects (3.9 to 7.0% of total variance). Overall, our study reveals diverse gut microbial shifts in UC related FMT and their association with host metabolic reprogramming.IMPORTANCE This study combined clinical symptoms measurement, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling and metabolomics to comprehensively investigate the gut bacterial and host metabolic association and reprogramming in FMT-treated experimental UC. These data can advance our understanding of the effect of FMT on UC and the involvement of gut microbial dysbiosis in the development of UC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines: strategies and perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29743935 PMCID: PMC5930430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicines (CMs) are hampered by increasing concerns on the safety and the efficacy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) study is indispensable to establish concentration-activity/toxicity relationship and facilitate target identification and new drug discovery from CMs. To cope with tremendous challenges rooted from chemical complexity of CMs, the classic PK strategies have evolved rapidly from PK study focusing on marker/main drug components to PK-PD correlation study adopting metabolomics approaches to characterize associations between disposition of global drug-related components and host metabolic network shifts. However, the majority of PK studies of CMs have adopted the approaches tailored for western medicines and focused on the systemic exposures of drug-related components, most of which were found to be too low to account for the holistic benefits of CMs. With an area under concentration-time curve- or activity-weighted approach, integral PK attempts to understand the PK-PD relevance with the integrated PK profile of multiple co-existing structural analogs (prototyes/metabolites). Cellular PK-PD complements traditional PK-PD when drug targets localize inside the cells, instead of at the surface of cell membrane or extracellular space. Considering the validated clinical benefits of CMs, reverse pharmacology-based reverse PK strategy was proposed to facilitate target identification and new drug discovery. Recently, gut microbiota have demonstrated multifaceted roles in drug efficacy/toxicity. In traditional oral intake, the presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota seem inevitable, which can contribute to the holistic benefits of CMs through biotransforming CMs components, acting as the peripheral target, and regulating host drug disposition. Hence, we propose a global PK-PD approach which includes the presystemic interaction of CMs with gut microbiota and combines omics with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to offer a comprehensive understanding of the PK-PD relationship of CMs. Moreover, validated clinical benefits of CMs and poor translational potential of animal PK data urge more research efforts in human PK study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|