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Narducci D, Charou D, Rogdakis T, Zota I, Bafiti V, Zervou M, Katsila T, Gravanis A, Prousis KC, Charalampopoulos I, Calogeropoulou T. A quest for the stereo-electronic requirements for selective agonism for the neurotrophin receptors TrkA and TrkB in 17-spirocyclic-dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1244133. [PMID: 37840771 PMCID: PMC10568017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1244133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neurotrophin system plays a pivotal role in the development, morphology, and survival of the nervous system, and its dysregulation has been manifested in numerous neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Neurotrophins NGF and BDNF are major growth factors that prevent neuronal death and synaptic loss through binding with high affinity to their specific tropomyosin-related kinase receptors namely, TrkA and TrkB, respectively. The poor pharmacokinetic properties prohibit the use of neurotrophins as therapeutic agents. Our group has previously synthesized BNN27, a prototype small molecule based on dehydroepiandrosterone, mimicking NGF through the activation of the TrkA receptor. Methods To obtain a better understanding of the stereo-electronic requirements for selective activation of TrkA and TrkB receptors, 27 new dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives bearing a C17-spiro-dihydropyran or cyclobutyl moiety were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated for their ability (a) to selectively activate the TrkA receptor and its downstream signaling kinases Akt and Erk1/2 in PC12 cells, protecting these cells from serum deprivation-induced cell death, and (b) to induce phosphorylation of TrkB and to promote cell survival under serum deprivation conditions in NIH3T3 cells stable transfected with the TrkB receptor and primary cortical astrocytes. In addition the metabolic stability and CYP-mediated reaction was assessed. Results Among the novel derivatives, six were able to selectively protect PC12 cells through interaction with the TrkA receptor and five more to selectively protect TrkB-expressing cells via interaction with the TrkB receptor. In particular, compound ENT-A025 strongly induces TrkA and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, comparable to NGF, and can protect PC12 cells against serum deprivation-induced cell death. Furthermore, ENT-A065, ENT-A066, ENT-A068, ENT-A069, and ENT-A070 showed promising pro-survival effects in the PC12 cell line. Concerning TrkB agonists, ENT-A009 and ENT-A055 were able to induce phosphorylation of TrkB and reduce cell death levels in NIH3T3-TrkB cells. In addition, ENT-A076, ENT-A087, and ENT-A088 possessed antiapoptotic activity in NIH-3T3-TrkB cells exclusively mediated through the TrkB receptor. The metabolic stability and CYP-mediated reaction phenotyping of the potent analogs did not reveal any major liabilities. Discussion We have identified small molecule selective agonists of TrkA and TrkB receptors as promising lead neurotrophin mimetics for the development of potential therapeutics against neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Narducci
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Charou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thanasis Rogdakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zota
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vivi Bafiti
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriakos C. Prousis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1224. [PMID: 37765032 PMCID: PMC10537618 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the currently available drugs are derived from natural sources, but they are used only after extensive chemical modifications to improve their safety and efficacy. Natural products are used in health supplements and cosmetic preparations and have been used as auxiliary drugs or alternative medicines. When used in combination with conventional drugs, these herbal products are known to alter their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, reducing their therapeutic effects. Moreover, herb-drug interactions (HDIs) may have serious side effects, which is one of the major concerns in health practice. It is postulated that HDIs affect the pathways regulating cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). Betanin, the chief pigment of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), has various types of pharmacological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. However, the potential risk of HDIs for betanin has not yet been studied. Thus, we aimed to predict more specific HDIs by evaluating the effects of betanin on CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4), the major phase I metabolic enzymes, using fluorescence-/luminescence-based assays. Our results showed that betanin inhibited CYP3A4 activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 20.97 µΜ). Moreover, betanin acted as a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, as confirmed by evaluating Lineweaver-Burk plots (Ki value = 19.48 µΜ). However, no significant inhibitory effects were observed on other CYPs. Furthermore, betanin had no significant effect on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2C9 induction in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, betanin acted as a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, and thus it should be used cautiously with other drugs that require metabolic enzymes as substrates. Additional in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to further elucidate the HDIs of betanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.B.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Seoungpyo Bae
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.B.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ho Seon Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.B.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (S.B.); (H.S.L.)
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Ling X, Hao QQ, Huang WJ, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Development of novel S-N 3-DABO derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115042. [PMID: 36577220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following on our initial discovery of S-CN-DABOs as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a series of novel S-N3-DABO derivatives F1-F31 were developed by substituting the cyano group of S-CN-DABOs with azide group. Some of these compounds were conferred significantly increased potency against wild-type HIV-1 and clinically observed mutant strains. Remarkably, the best compound F10 exerted a 7-fold improvement in potency (EC50 = 0.053 μM) and 12.5-fold higher selectivity (SI = 6818) in MT-4 cells infected with wild-type HIV-1, compared to that of the parent compound B1 (EC50 = 370 nM, SI = 547). The anti-HIV-1 activity of F10 against the tested mutant strains was prominently enhanced. For wild-type reverse transcriptase, it was approximately 19-fold more potent (IC50 = 0.080 μM) than B1 (IC50 = 1.51 μM). It was not found that this analog had significant inhibition of hERG, CYP, and acute toxicity after a single dose of F10 (1.0 g/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ling
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Hao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Al-Madhagy SA, Gad SS, Mostafa ES, Angeloni S, Saad MA, Sabry OM, Caprioli G, El-Hawary SS. A new firewall in the fight against breast cancer: in-vitro and in-silico studies correlating chemistry to apoptotic activity of Otostegia fruticosa. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36190800 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2130306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most devastating disease for women. There is a great demand for new sources to treat this disease. Medicinal plants are an indispensable source of bioactive compounds with wide range of pharmacological activities. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of Otostegia fruticosa methanolic extract against human breast cancer was studied using MCF-7 cell line. The extract showed mildly potent activity (IC50 = 51 ± 9.836 µg/mL) in comparison to the standard anticancer doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.467 ± 1.05 µg/mL). Potential compounds responsible for activity have been identified using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) module on the major compounds detected by HPLC-MS/MS technique against estrogen alpha receptor (ERα+: PDB ID 2JF9). 3,5-di-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, hyperoside and rutin showed similar binding and antagonistic interaction with the estrogen alpha receptor as tamoxifen in several poses. The retrieved results confirm that we can add this plant to a powerful arsenal that combats this insidious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaia A Al-Madhagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Sameh S Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,RICH - Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Belforte del Chienti (MC), Italy
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar M Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Ling X, Hao QQ, Pannecouque C, Clercq ED, Chen FE. Expansion of the S–CN-DABO scaffold to exploit the impact on inhibitory activities against the non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jin X, Zhao LM, Wang S, Huang WJ, Zhang YX, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Chen FE. Structure-Based Discovery of Novel NH 2-Biphenyl-Diarylpyrimidines as Potent Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Significantly Improved Safety: From NH 2-Naphthyl-Diarylpyrimidine to NH 2-Biphenyl-Diarylpyrimidine. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8478-8492. [PMID: 35649164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Results from recently completed studies suggested that the NH2-naphthyl-diarylpyrimidine JX-7 displayed remarkable inhibitory activity against wild-type HIV-1 (EC50 = 5 nM) and numerous clinically observed variants in MT-4 cells; however, its high cytotoxicity (CC50 = 19 μM) precluded its further development as a clinical candidate. One approach we took to improve the safety involved replacing the naphthyl of JX-7 with biphenyl to provide a series of novel NH2-biphenyl-DAPYs. Investigation of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) led to the identification of 4ab, a potent NNRTI with significantly reduced cytotoxicity (CC50 = 120 μM), approximately 6-fold lower than JX-7, which maintained remarkable anti-HIV-1 activity against wild-type HIV-1 (EC50 = 1.9 nM) and multiple mutant strains simultaneously. Also, 4ab displayed weak CYP sensitivity, little inhibition of hERG, and no apparent in vivo acute toxicity. These promising results demonstrate that 4ab can be used as a drug candidate for HIV-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Zhao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Juan Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yin-Xiang Zhang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
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In Silico Screening of Marine Compounds as an Emerging and Promising Approach against Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Positive Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9734279. [PMID: 34957309 PMCID: PMC8709776 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9734279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the majority of breast tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Breast cancer (BC) is defined by uncontrolled cell proliferation (CP) in breast tissue. BCs are caused by the overexpression of genes that promote CP in breast cells. The discovery of effective inhibitors is an excellent chemopreventive method. Our in silico approach analysis offers a pharmacoinformatics methodology for identifying lead molecules targeting cochaperone HSP90 and the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu receptor. BC has been associated with the high expression of these targets. The use of drug-likeness filters aided in determining the therapeutic properties of possible lead compounds. In this study, docking-based virtual screening (VS) was performed. Database of about 450 cancer marine compounds was used. The X-ray-assisted structure of ERα with 4-OHT (PDB code: 3ERT) was chosen for 4-OHT. A docking-based virtual screening was performed on the dataset supplied using the molecular operating environment (MOE) dock application. The binding energy (BE) and explanation of the protein inhibitor interaction (PII) are crucial findings for future both in terms of dry or wet lab research. The GBVI/WAS binding-free energy assessment (in kcal/mol) scores were used to grade the compounds. Compounds with a BE of less than -9.500 kcal/mol were deemed to be the most effective inhibitors. For further analysis, the top seven structurally diverse scaffolds were selected. Seven marine compounds exhibited the best docking score, which validates them to be potent anti-BC compounds. These compounds' bioactive potential and prospective drug-likeness profile make them promising leads for further experimental research.
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Ju H, Murugan NA, Hou L, Li P, Guizzo L, Zhang Y, Bertagnin C, Kong X, Kang D, Jia R, Ma X, Du R, Poongavanam V, Loregian A, Huang B, Liu X, Zhan P. Identification of C5-NH 2 Modified Oseltamivir Derivatives as Novel Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors with Highly Improved Antiviral Activities and Favorable Druggability. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17992-18009. [PMID: 34735766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous efforts have proved that modifications targeting the 150-cavity of influenza neuraminidase can achieve more potent and more selective inhibitors. In this work, four subseries of C5-NH2 modified oseltamivir derivatives were designed and synthesized to explore every region inside the 150-cavity. Among them, compound 23d was exceptionally potent against the whole panel of Group-1 NAs with IC50 values ranging from 0.26 to 0.73 nM, being 15-53 times better than oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC) and 7-11 times better than zanamivir. In cellular assays, 23d showed more potent or equipotent antiviral activities against corresponding virus strains compared to OSC with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, 23d exhibited high metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (HLM) and low inhibitory effect on main cytochrome P450 enzymes. Notably, 23d displayed favorable druggability in vivo and potent antiviral efficacy in the embryonated egg model and mice model. Overall, 23d appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - N Arul Murugan
- Department of Computer Science, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044 , Sweden
| | - Lingxin Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Laura Guizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Xiujie Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 North Gongye Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 North Gongye Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Kahma H, Aurinsalo L, Neuvonen M, Katajamäki J, Paludetto MN, Viinamäki J, Launiainen T, Filppula AM, Tornio A, Niemi M, Backman JT. An automated cocktail method for in vitro assessment of direct and time-dependent inhibition of nine major cytochrome P450 enzymes - application to establishing CYP2C8 inhibitor selectivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105810. [PMID: 33753217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro high-throughput cocktail assay with nine major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, optimized for screening of time-dependent inhibition. The method was applied to determine the selectivity of the time-dependent CYP2C8 inhibitors gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide and clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide. In vitro incubations with CYP selective probe substrates and pooled human liver microsomes were conducted in 96-well plates with automated liquid handler techniques and metabolite concentrations were measured with quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. After determination of inter-substrate interactions and Km values for each reaction, probe substrates were divided into cocktails I (tacrine/CYP1A2, bupropion/CYP2B6, amodiaquine/CYP2C8, tolbutamide/CYP2C9 and midazolam/CYP3A4/5) and II (coumarin/CYP2A6, S-mephenytoin/CYP2C19, dextromethorphan/CYP2D6 and astemizole/CYP2J2). Time-dependent inhibitors (furafylline/CYP1A2, selegiline/CYP2A6, clopidogrel/CYP2B6, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide/CYP2C8, tienilic acid/CYP2C9, ticlopidine/CYP2C19, paroxetine/CYP2D6 and ritonavir/CYP3A) and direct inhibitor (terfenadine/CYP2J2) showed similar inhibition with single substrate and cocktail methods. Established time-dependent inhibitors caused IC50 fold shifts ranging from 2.2 to 30 with the cocktail method. Under time-dependent inhibition conditions, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was a strong (>90% inhibition) and selective (<< 20% inhibition of other CYPs) inhibitor of CYP2C8 at concentrations ranging from 60 to 300 μM, while the selectivity of clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide was limited at concentrations above its IC80 for CYP2C8. The time-dependent IC50 values of these glucuronides for CYP2C8 were 8.1 and 38 µM, respectively. In conclusion, a reliable cocktail method including the nine most important drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes was developed, optimized and validated for detecting time-dependent inhibition. Moreover, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was established as a selective inhibitor of CYP2C8 for use as a diagnostic inhibitor in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinä Kahma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Aurinsalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Katajamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Noëlle Paludetto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Viinamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Launiainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Chen LZ, Shu HY, Wu J, Yu YL, Ma D, Huang X, Liu MM, Liu XH, Shi JB. Discovery and development of novel pyrimidine and pyrazolo/thieno-fused pyrimidine derivatives as potent and orally active inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization inhibitor with efficacy for arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113174. [PMID: 33515864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover and develop drug-like anti-inflammatory agents against arthritis, based on "Hit" we found earlier and to overcome drawbacks of toxicity, twelve series of total 89 novel pyrimidine, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory activity against NO and toxicity for normal liver cells (LO2). Relationships of balance toxicity and activity have been summarized through multi-steps, and title compounds 22o, 22l were found to show lower toxicity (against LO2: IC50 = 2934, 2301 μM, respectively) and potent effect against NO release (IR = 98.3, 97.67%, at 10 μM, respectively). Furthermore, compound 22o showed potent iNOS inhibitory activity with value of IC50 is 0.96 μM and could interfere stability and formation of the active dimeric iNOS. It's anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was assessed by AIA rat model. Furthermore, the results of metabolic stability, CYP, PK study in vivo, acute toxicity study and subacute toxicity assessment indicated this compound had good drug-like properties for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Hai Yang Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yun Long Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Duo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China.
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11
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Molecular probes for human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Recent progress and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Bleker de Oliveira M, Koshkin V, Liu G, Krylov SN. Analytical Challenges in Development of Chemoresistance Predictors for Precision Oncology. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12101-12110. [PMID: 32790291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance, i.e., tumor insensitivity to chemotherapy, shortens life expectancy of cancer patients. Despite the availability of new treatment options, initial systemic regimens for solid tumors are dominated by a set of standard chemotherapy drugs, and alternative therapies are used only when a patient has demonstrated chemoresistance clinically. Chemoresistance predictors use laboratory parameters measured on tissue samples to predict the patient's response to chemotherapy and help to avoid application of chemotherapy to chemoresistant patients. Despite thousands of publications on putative chemoresistance predictors, there are only about a dozen predictors that are sufficiently accurate for precision oncology. One of the major reasons for inaccuracy of predictors is inaccuracy of analytical methods utilized to measure their laboratory parameters: an inaccurate method leads to an inaccurate predictor. The goal of this study was to identify analytical challenges in chemoresistance-predictor development and suggest ways to overcome them. Here we describe principles of chemoresistance predictor development via correlating a clinical parameter, which manifests disease state, with a laboratory parameter. We further classify predictors based on the nature of laboratory parameters and analyze advantages and limitations of different predictors using the reliability of analytical methods utilized for measuring laboratory parameters as a criterion. Our eventual focus is on predictors with known mechanisms of reactions involved in drug resistance (drug extrusion, drug degradation, and DNA damage repair) and using rate constants of these reactions to establish accurate and robust laboratory parameters. Many aspects and conclusions of our analysis are applicable to all types of disease biomarkers built upon the correlation of clinical and laboratory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bleker de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
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13
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Raunio H, Pentikäinen O, Juvonen RO. Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134708. [PMID: 32630278 PMCID: PMC7369699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes have been measured with various in vitro and in vivo methods, such as spectrophotometric, fluorometric, mass spectrometric, and radioactivity-based techniques. In fluorescence-based assays, the reaction produces a fluorescent product from a nonfluorescent substrate or vice versa. Fluorescence-based enzyme assays are usually highly sensitive and specific, allowing measurements on small specimens of tissues with low enzyme activities. Fluorescence assays are also amenable to miniaturization of the reaction mixtures and can thus be done in high throughput. 7-Hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives are widely used as fluorophores due to their desirable photophysical properties. They possess a large π-π conjugated system with electron-rich and charge transfer properties. This conjugated structure leads to applications of 7-hydroxycoumarins as fluorescent sensors for biological activities. We describe in this review historical highlights and current use of coumarins and their derivatives in evaluating activities of the major types of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems. Traditionally, coumarin substrates have been used to measure oxidative activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. For this purpose, profluorescent coumarins are very sensitive, but generally lack selectivity for individual CYP forms. With the aid of molecular modeling, we have recently described several new coumarin-based substrates for measuring activities of CYP and conjugating enzymes with improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Olli Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Risto O. Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
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14
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Huang B, Chen W, Zhao T, Li Z, Jiang X, Ginex T, Vílchez D, Luque FJ, Kang D, Gao P, Zhang J, Tian Y, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Exploiting the Tolerant Region I of the Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) Binding Pocket: Discovery of Potent Diarylpyrimidine-Typed HIV-1 NNRTIs against Wild-Type and E138K Mutant Virus with Significantly Improved Water Solubility and Favorable Safety Profiles. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2083-2098. [PMID: 30721060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - David Vílchez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Molecular Docking and 3D-Pharmacophore Modeling to Study the Interactions of Chalcone Derivatives with Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040081. [PMID: 29035298 PMCID: PMC5748638 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most frequently used anti-estrogen adjuvant treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. However, it is associated with an increased risk of several serious side-effects, such as uterine cancer, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. The 2',4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylchalcone (ChalcEA) from plant leaves of Eugenia aquea, has been found to inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 74.5 μg/mL (250 μM). The aim of this work was to study the molecular interactions of new ChalcEA derivatives formed with the Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) using computer aided drug design approaches. Molecular docking using Autodock 4.2 was employed to explore the modes of binding of ChalcEA derivatives with ERα. The 3D structure-based pharmacophore model was derived using LigandScout 4.1 Advanced to investigate the important chemical interactions of the ERα-tamoxifen complex structure. The binding energy and the tamoxifen-pharmacophore fit score of the best ChalcEA derivative (HNS10) were -12.33 kcal/mol and 67.07 kcal/mol, respectively. The HNS10 interacted with Leu346, Thr347, Leu349, Ala350, Glu353, Leu387, Met388, Leu391, Arg394, Met421, and Leu525. These results suggest that the new ChalcEA derivatives could serve as the lead compound for potent ERα inhibitor in the fight against breast cancer.
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16
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Nam MH, Park M, Park H, Kim Y, Yoon S, Sawant VS, Choi JW, Park JH, Park KD, Min SJ, Lee CJ, Choo H. Indole-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles as Selective and Reversible MAO-B Inhibitors for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1519-1529. [PMID: 28332824 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel, selective, and reversible MAO-B inhibitors for safer treatment of Parkinson's disease, benzothiazole and benzoxazole derivatives with indole moiety were designed and synthesized. Most of the synthesized compounds showed inhibitory activities against MAO-B and selectivity over MAO-A. The most active compound was compound 5b, 6-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)benzo[d]thiazole with an IC50 value of 28 nM with no apparent effect on MAO-A activity at 10 μM. Based on the reversibility assay, compound 5b turned out to be fully reversible with over 95% of recovery of enzyme activity after washout of the compound. Compound 5b showed a reasonable stability in human liver microsomes and did not affect the activities of CYP isozymes, suggesting an absence of high-risk drug-drug interaction. In an in vivo MPTP-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease, oral administration of compound 5b showed neuroprotection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons as revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase staining and prevention of MPTP-induced parkinsonism as revealed by motor behavioral assay of vertical grid test. In summary, the novel, reversible, and selective MAO-B inhibitor compound 5b was synthesized and characterized. We propose compound 5b as an effective therapeutic compound for relieving parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science in
Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedaero
26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Moosung Park
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyeri Park
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Yoon
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Vikram Shahaji Sawant
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-du 15588, Korea, and
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST
School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for
Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Youseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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17
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Miah MA, Elzaki MEA, Han Z. Resistance irrelevant CYP417A2v2 was found degrading insecticide in Laodelphax striatellus. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5032-5040. [PMID: 28770044 PMCID: PMC5528207 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) usually overexpressed in resistant strain were found involved in oxidative detoxification of insecticides. In this study, an investigation was conducted to confirm if resistance irrelevant CYPs which were not overexpressed in resistant strain before, were capable of degrading insecticides. Three resistance irrelevant CYPs viz. CYP417A2v2, CYP425A1v2, and CYP4DJ1 from CYP4 family of Laodelphax striatellus were randomly selected for experiments. CYP417A2v2 and CYP425A1v2 were found expressed successfully in Sf9 cell line while CYP4DJ1 was not expressed successfully and out of two expressed CYPs, only CYP417A2v2 showed its efficient catalytic activity. For catalytic activity, three traditional model probe substrates and five insecticides were assayed. For the probe substrates screened, p-nitroanisole and ethoxycoumarin were preferentially metabolized by CYP417A2v2 (specific activity 3.76 ± 1.22 and 1.63 ± 0.37 nmol min-1 mg protein-1, respectively) and they may be potential diagnostic probes for this enzyme. Among insecticides, only imidacloprid was efficiently degraded by CYP417A2v2. Incubation of imidacloprid with CYP417A2v2 of L. striatellus and subsequent HPLC, LC-MS, and MS/MS analysis revealed the formation of imidacloprid metabolites, that is, 4' or 5'hydroxy-imidacloprid by hydroxylation. This result implies the exemption of CYPs character that it is not always, all the CYPs degrading insecticides being selected and overexpressed in resistant strains and the degrading CYPs without mutations to upregulate could be candidates during insecticide resistance evolution. This characterization of individual insect CYPs in insecticide degradation can provide insight for better understand of insecticide resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asaduzzaman Miah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Eastern China (Agricultural Ministry of China)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina
| | - Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Eastern China (Agricultural Ministry of China)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina
| | - Zhaojun Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Eastern China (Agricultural Ministry of China)College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095JiangsuChina
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18
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Verbueken E, Alsop D, Saad MA, Pype C, Van Peer EM, Casteleyn CR, Van Ginneken CJ, Wilson J, Van Cruchten SJ. In Vitro Biotransformation of Two Human CYP3A Probe Substrates and Their Inhibition during Early Zebrafish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010217. [PMID: 28117738 PMCID: PMC5297846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the zebrafish embryo is increasingly used as an alternative animal model to screen for developmental toxicity after exposure to xenobiotics. Since zebrafish embryos depend on their own drug-metabolizing capacity, knowledge of their intrinsic biotransformation is pivotal in order to correctly interpret the outcome of teratogenicity assays. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)—a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes—in microsomes from whole zebrafish embryos (ZEM) of 5, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of a mammalian CYP substrate, i.e., benzyloxy-methyl-resorufin (BOMR). The same CYP activity assays were performed in adult zebrafish liver microsomes (ZLM) to serve as a reference for the embryos. In addition, activity assays with the human CYP3A4-specific Luciferin isopropyl acetal (Luciferin-IPA) as well as inhibition studies with ketoconazole and CYP3cide were carried out to identify CYP activity in ZLM. In the present study, biotransformation of BOMR was detected at 72 and 96 hpf; however, metabolite formation was low compared with ZLM. Furthermore, Luciferin-IPA was not metabolized by the zebrafish. In conclusion, the capacity of intrinsic biotransformation in zebrafish embryos appears to be lacking during a major part of organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Verbueken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Derek Alsop
- Wilson Tox Lab, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Moayad A Saad
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Casper Pype
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Els M Van Peer
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Christophe R Casteleyn
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Chris J Van Ginneken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Wilson Tox Lab, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Drug Interaction Study of Two Lead Combinations, Oxantel Pamoate plus Albendazole and Albendazole plus Mebendazole, for the Treatment of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6127-33. [PMID: 27480864 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01217-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments against Trichuris trichiura, albendazole and mebendazole, are only poorly efficacious. Therefore, combination chemotherapy was recommended for treating soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Albendazole-mebendazole and albendazole-oxantel pamoate have shown promising results in clinical trials. However, in vitro and in vivo drug interaction studies should be performed before their simultaneous treatment can be recommended. Inhibition of human recombinant cytochromes P450 (CYPs) CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 was tested by exposure to albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, mebendazole, and oxantel pamoate, as well as albendazole-mebendazole, albendazole sulfoxide-mebendazole, albendazole-oxantel pamoate, and albendazole sulfoxide-oxantel pamoate. A high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/visible spectroscopy method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, mebendazole, and oxantel pamoate in plasma. Albendazole, mebendazole, oxantel pamoate, albendazole-mebendazole, and albendazole-oxantel pamoate were orally applied to rats (100 mg/kg) and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated. CYP1A2 showed a 2.6-fold increased inhibition by albendazole-oxantel pamoate (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 3.1 μM) and a 3.9-fold increased inhibition by albendazole sulfoxide-mebendazole (IC50 = 3.8 μM) compared to the single drugs. In rats, mebendazole's area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) were augmented 3.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively (P = 0.02 for both) when coadministered with albendazole compared to mebendazole alone. Albendazole sulfone was slightly affected by albendazole-mebendazole, displaying a 1.3-fold-elevated AUC compared to albendazole alone. Oxantel pamoate could not be quantified, translating to a bioavailability below 0.025% in rats. Elevated plasma levels of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and mebendazole in coadministrations are probably not mediated by CYP-based drug-drug interaction. Even though this study indicates that it is safe to coadminister albendazole-oxantel pamoate and albendazole-mebendazole, human pharmacokinetic studies are recommended.
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Trubetskoy OV, Gibson JR, Marks BD. Highly Miniaturized Formats for In Vitro Drug Metabolism Assays Using Vivid® Fluorescent Substrates and Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:56-66. [PMID: 15695344 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104269731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Highly miniaturized P450 screening assays designed to enable facile analysis of P450 drug interactions in a 1536-well plate format with the principal human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 1A2) and Vivid® fluorogenic substrates were developed. The detailed characterization of the assays included stability, homogeneity, and reproducibility of the recombinant P450 enzymes and the kinetic parameters of their reactions with Vivid® fluorogenic substrates, with a focus on the specific characteristics of each component that enable screening in a low-volume 1536-well plate assay format. The screening assays were applied for the assessment of individual cytochrome P450 inhibition profiles with a panel of selected assay modifiers, including isozyme-specific substrates and inhibitors. IC50values obtained for the modifiers in 96- and 1536-well plate formats were similar and comparable with values obtained in assays with conventional substrates. An overall examination of the 1536-well assay statistics, such as signal-to-background ratio and Z′ factor, demonstrated that these assays are a robust, successful, and reliable tool to screen for cytochrome P450 metabolism and inhibition in an ultra-high-throughput screening format. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2005:56-66)
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Rammohan B, Samit K, Chinmoy D, Arup S, Amit K, Ratul S, Sanmoy K, Dipan A, Tuhinadri S. Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Modulation by Gymnema sylvestre: A Predictive Safety Evaluation by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S389-S394. [PMID: 27761064 PMCID: PMC5068113 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.191441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally GS is used to treat diabetes mellitus. Drug-herb interaction of GS via cytochrome P450 enzyme system by substrate cocktail method using HLM has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in-vitro modulatory effects of GS extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane) and deacylgymnemic acid (DGA) on human CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4 activities in HLM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Probe substrate-based LCMS/MS method was established for all CYPs. The metabolite formations were examined after incubation of probe substrates with HLM in the presence or absence of extracts and DGA. The inhibitory effects of GS extracts and DGA were characterized with kinetic parameters IC50 and Ki values. RESULTS GS extracts showed differential effect on CYP activities in the following order of inhibitory potency: ethyl acetate > Chloroform > methanol > n-hexane > aqueous > DGA. This differential effect was observed against CYP1A2, 2C9 and less on CYP3A4 and 2C8 but all CYPs were unaffected by aqueous extract and DGA. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extract exhibited moderate inhibition towards CYP1A2 and 3A4. The aqueous extract and DGA however showed negligible inhibition towards all five major human CYPs with very high IC50 values (>90μg/ml). CONCLUSION The results of our study revealed that phytoconstituents contained in GS, particularly in ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, were able to inhibit CYP1A2, 3A4 and 2C9. The presence of relatively small, lipophillic yet slightly polar compounds within the GS extracts may be attributed for inhibition activities. These suggest that the herb or its extracts should be examined for potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in vivo. Abbreviations used: GS: Gymnema sylvestre, GSE: Gymnema sylvestre extract, DGA: deacyl gymnemic acid, CYP: cytochrome P450, DMSO: dimethylsulphoxide, HLM: human liver microsomes, LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy, NADPH: reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate, NRS: nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate regenerating system, CHE: chloroform extract, EAE: ethyl acetate extract, NHE- n-hexane extract, AE: aqueous extract, ME: methanol extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bera Rammohan
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Karmakar Samit
- Dept. of Physiology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Kenduadihi, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Das Chinmoy
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saha Arup
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kundu Amit
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarkar Ratul
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Karmakar Sanmoy
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Adhikari Dipan
- Department of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Sen Tuhinadri
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept.of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Khatri Y, Ringle. M, Lisurek M, von Kries JP, Zapp J, Bernhardt R. Substrate Hunting for the Myxobacterial CYP260A1 Revealed New 1α-Hydroxylated Products from C-19 Steroids. Chembiochem 2015; 17:90-101. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogan Khatri
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Ringle.
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Lisurek
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Universität des Saarlandes; Pharmazeutische Biologie; Campus C2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Capoferri L, Verkade-Vreeker MCA, Buitenhuis D, Commandeur JNM, Pastor M, Vermeulen NPE, Geerke DP. Linear Interaction Energy Based Prediction of Cytochrome P450 1A2 Binding Affinities with Reliability Estimation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142232. [PMID: 26551865 PMCID: PMC4638363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) binding affinities of small ligands, i.e., substrates and inhibitors, represents an important task for predicting drug-drug interactions. A quantitative assessment of the ligand binding affinity towards different CYPs can provide an estimate of inhibitory activity or an indication of isoforms prone to interact with the substrate of inhibitors. However, the accuracy of global quantitative models for CYP substrate binding or inhibition based on traditional molecular descriptors can be limited, because of the lack of information on the structure and flexibility of the catalytic site of CYPs. Here we describe the application of a method that combines protein-ligand docking, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) theory, to allow for quantitative CYP affinity prediction. Using this combined approach, a LIE model for human CYP 1A2 was developed and evaluated, based on a structurally diverse dataset for which the estimated experimental uncertainty was 3.3 kJ mol-1. For the computed CYP 1A2 binding affinities, the model showed a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.1 kJ mol-1 and a standard error in prediction (SDEP) in cross-validation of 4.3 kJ mol-1. A novel approach that includes information on both structural ligand description and protein-ligand interaction was developed for estimating the reliability of predictions, and was able to identify compounds from an external test set with a SDEP for the predicted affinities of 4.6 kJ mol-1 (corresponding to 0.8 pKi units).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Capoferri
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies C. A. Verkade-Vreeker
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Buitenhuis
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N. M. Commandeur
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nico P. E. Vermeulen
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan P. Geerke
- AIMMS Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sanz F, Carrió P, López O, Capoferri L, Kooi DP, Vermeulen NPE, Geerke DP, Montanari F, Ecker GF, Schwab CH, Kleinöder T, Magdziarz T, Pastor M. Integrative Modeling Strategies for Predicting Drug Toxicities at the eTOX Project. Mol Inform 2015; 34:477-84. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li M, Chen PZ, Yue QX, Li JQ, Chu RA, Zhang W, Wang H. Pungent ginger components modulates human cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1237-42. [PMID: 23770984 PMCID: PMC4003154 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ginger rhizome is used worldwide as a spicy flavor agent. This study was designed to explore the potential effects of pungent ginger components, 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol, on human cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of many prescription drugs. METHODS The activities of human CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were analyzed using Vivid P450 assay kits. The mRNA expression of CYP3A4 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was measured using quantitative real-time PCR assay. RESULTS All three gingerols potently inhibited CYP2C9 activity, exerted moderate inhibition on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, and weak inhibion on CYP2D6. 8-Gingerol was the most potent in inhibition of P450 enzymes with IC50 values of 6.8, 12.5, 8.7, and 42.7 μmol/L for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6, respectively. By comparing the effects of gingerols on CYP3A4 with three different fluorescent substrate probes, it was demonstrated that the inhibition of gingerols on CYP3A4 had no substrate-dependence. In HepG2 cells, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol inhibited, but 6-gingerol induced mRNA expression of CYP3A4. CONCLUSION 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol suppress human cytochrome P450 activity, while 8- and 10-gingerol inhibit CYP3A4 expression. The results may have an implication for the use of ginger or ginger products when combined with therapeutic drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pei-zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-xi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rui-ai Chu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Summit, IL 60501, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
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Arrabito G, Galati C, Castellano S, Pignataro B. Luminometric sub-nanoliter droplet-to-droplet array (LUMDA) and its application to drug screening by phase I metabolism enzymes. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:68-72. [PMID: 23132304 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we show the fabrication of the Luminometric Sub-nanoliter Droplet-to-droplet Array (LUMDA chip) by inkjet printing. The chip is easy to be implemented and allows for a multiplexed multi-step biochemical assay in sub-nanoliter liquid spots. This concept is here applied to the integral membrane enzyme CYP3A4, i.e. the most relevant enzymatic target for phase I drug metabolism, and to some structurally-related inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arrabito
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 9 95123 Catania, Italy
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27
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Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family contains 57 enzymes in humans. The activity of CYPs against xenobiotics is a primary consideration in drug optimization efforts. Here we describe a series of bioluminescent assays that enable the rapid profiling of CYP activity against compound collections. The assays employ a coupled-enzyme format where firefly luciferase is used to measure CYP enzyme activity through metabolism of pro-luciferase substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Pérez J, Díaz C, Salado IG, Pérez DI, Peláez F, Genilloud O, Vicente F. Evaluation of the effect of compound aqueous solubility in cytochrome P450 inhibition assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.45083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tsotsou GE, Di Nardo G, Sadeghi SJ, Fruttero R, Lazzarato L, Bertinaria M, Gilardi G. A rapid screening for cytochrome P450 catalysis on new chemical entities: cytochrome P450 BM3 and 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:211-8. [PMID: 22983164 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112459351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the validation of a rapid screening procedure for the catalysis of cytochrome P450 on new chemical entities. The assay is tested on the prototypical, catalytically self-sufficient and soluble cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium that shares a high degree of homology with mammalian counterparts. The so-called alkali assay developed in our laboratory is validated here also by product formation and molecular modeling on a number of derivatives sharing the molecular scaffold of the 1,2,5-oxadiazole ring, a class of molecules very different from the long-chain fatty acids known to be oxidized by cytochrome P450 BM3. The alkali assay reveals the ability of this cytochrome to oxidize NADPH in the presence of nine out of thirteen 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives tested. The enzyme shows high affinity and coupling efficiencies when incubated with four 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives. The presence of oxidation products deriving from catalysis was also confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular docking suggests that a key factor for the 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives to enter the active site and induce catalysis is the presence of the -SO(2) moiety bridging the 1,2,5-oxadiazole and phenyl rings. These data indicate that the alkali assay is able to quickly and cheaply detect the recognition of new substrates by cytochrome P450. The assay is not intended to substitute HPLC-mass spectrometry analysis, but it is a preliminary screening that allows elimination of obvious nonsubstrates from the start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Tsotsou
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Chowdhury S, Liu S, Cadieux JA, Hsieh T, Chafeev M, Sun S, Jia Q, Sun J, Wood M, Langille J, Sviridov S, Fu J, Zhang Z, Chui R, Wang A, Cheng X, Zhong J, Hossain S, Khakh K, Rajlic I, Verschoof H, Kwan R, Young W. Tetracyclic spirooxindole blockers of hNaV1.7: activity in vitro and in CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wu X, Wang J, Tan L, Bui J, Gjerstad E, McMillan K, Zhang W. In vitro ADME profiling using high-throughput rapidfire mass spectrometry: cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic stability assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:761-72. [PMID: 22460176 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112441013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug candidates has become an essential component of modern drug discovery. ADME characterization is important in identifying compounds early that are likely to fail in later clinical development because of suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties or undesirable drug-drug interactions. Proper utilization of ADME results, meanwhile, can prioritize candidates that are more likely to have good pharmacokinetic properties and also minimize potential drug-drug interactions. By integrating a RapidFire system with an API4000 mass spectrometer (RF-MS), we have established a high-throughput capability to profile compounds (>100 compounds/wk) in a panel of ADME assays in parallel with biochemical and cellular characterizations. Cytochrome P450 inhibition and time-dependent inhibition assays and microsomal stability assays were developed and fully optimized on the system. Compared with the classic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, the RF-MS system generates consistent data with approximately 20-fold increase in throughput. The lack of chromatographic separation of compounds, substrates, and metabolites can complicate data interpretation, but this occurs in a small number of cases that are readily identifiable. Overall, this system has enabled a real-time and quantitative measurement of a large number of ADME samples, providing a rapid evaluation of clinically important drug-drug interaction potential and drug metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- New Lead Discovery, Exelixis, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Stevenson BJ, Pignatelli P, Nikou D, Paine MJI. Pinpointing P450s associated with pyrethroid metabolism in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti: developing new tools to combat insecticide resistance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1595. [PMID: 22479665 PMCID: PMC3313934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroids are increasingly used to block the transmission of diseases spread by Aedes aegypti such as dengue and yellow fever. However, insecticide resistance poses a serious threat, thus there is an urgent need to identify the genes and proteins associated with pyrethroid resistance in order to produce effective counter measures. In Ae. aegypti, overexpression of P450s such as the CYP9J32 gene have been linked with pyrethroid resistance. Our aim was to confirm the role of CYP9J32 and other P450s in insecticide metabolism in order to identify potential diagnostic resistance markers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have expressed CYP9J32 in Escherichia coli and show that the enzyme can metabolize the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin. In addition, three other Ae. aegypti P450s (CYP9J24, CYP9J26, CYP9J28) were found capable of pyrethroid metabolism, albeit with lower activity. Both Ae. aegypti and Anopheles gambiae P450s (CYP's 6M2, 6Z2, 6P3) were screened against fluorogenic and luminescent substrates to identify potential diagnostic probes for P450 activity. Luciferin-PPXE was preferentially metabolised by the three major pyrethroid metabolisers (CYP9J32, CYP6M2 and CYP6P3), identifying a potential diagnostic substrate for these P450s. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE P450s have been identified with the potential to confer pyrethroid resistance in Ae.aegypti. It is recommended that over expression of these enzymes should be monitored as indicators of resistance where pyrethroids are used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitra Nikou
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. I. Paine
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Pandit S, Mukherjee PK, Mukherjee K, Gajbhiye R, Venkatesh M, Ponnusankar S, Bhadra S. Cytochrome P450 inhibitory potential of selected Indian spices — possible food drug interaction. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Traylor MJ, Ryan JD, Arnon ES, Dordick JS, Clark DS. Rapid and quantitative measurement of metabolic stability without chromatography or mass spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14476-9. [PMID: 21766815 DOI: 10.1021/ja203172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic stability measurements are a critical component of preclinical drug development. Available measurement strategies rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry, which are expensive and labor intensive. We have developed a general method to determine the metabolic stability of virtually any compound by quantifying cofactors in the mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzymes using fluorescence intensity measurements. While many previous studies have shown that simple measurements of cofactor depletion do not correlate with substrate conversion (i.e., metabolic stability) in P450 systems, the present work employs a reaction engineering approach to simplify the overall rate equation, thus allowing the accurate and quantitative determination of substrate depletion from simultaneous measurements of NADPH and oxygen depletion. This method combines the accuracy and generality of chromatography with the ease, throughput, and real-time capabilities of fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Traylor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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Fantuzzi A, Mak LH, Capria E, Dodhia V, Panicco P, Collins S, Gilardi G. A New Standardized Electrochemical Array for Drug Metabolic Profiling with Human Cytochromes P450. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3831-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fantuzzi
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Lok Hang Mak
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ennio Capria
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vikash Dodhia
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Panicco
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, Biochemistry Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Collins
- NanoBioDesign Ltd., Woodstock House, Winch Road, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8EF, United Kingdom
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy
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Chemical inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes: a re-evaluation of P450 isoform selectivity. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 36:1-16. [PMID: 21336516 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-011-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of marketed small-molecule drugs undergo metabolism by hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (Rendic 2002). Since these enzymes metabolize a structurally diverse number of drugs, metabolism-based drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can potentially occur when multiple drugs are coadministered to patients. Thus, a careful in vitro assessment of the contribution of various CYP isoforms to the total metabolism is important for predicting whether such DDIs might take place. One method of CYP phenotyping involves the use of potent and selective chemical inhibitors in human liver microsomal incubations in the presence of a test compound. The selectivity of such inhibitors plays a critical role in deciphering the involvement of specific CYP isoforms. Here, we review published data on the potency and selectivity of chemical inhibitors of the major human hepatic CYP isoforms. The most selective inhibitors available are furafylline (in co-incubation and pre-incubation conditions) for CYP1A2, 2-phenyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)propane (PPP) for CYP2B6, montelukast for CYP2C8, sulfaphenazole for CYP2C9, (-)-N-3-benzyl-phenobarbital for CYP2C19 and quinidine for CYP2D6. As for CYP2A6, tranylcypromine is the most widely used inhibitor, but on the basis of initial studies, either 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanamine (PPM) and 3-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine (MIP) can replace tranylcypromine as the most selective CYP2A6 inhibitor. For CYP3A4, ketoconazole is widely used in phenotyping studies, although azamulin is a far more selective CYP3A inhibitor. Most of the phenotyping studies do not include CYP2E1, mostly because of the limited number of new drug candidates that are metabolized by this enzyme. Among the inhibitors for this enzyme, 4-methylpyrazole appears to be selective.
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Ho SHY, Singh M, Holloway AC, Crankshaw DJ. The Effects of Commercial Preparations of Herbal Supplements Commonly Used by Women on the Biotransformation of Fluorogenic Substrates by Human Cytochromes P450. Phytother Res 2011; 25:983-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley H. Y. Ho
- Honours Biology and Pharmacology Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Reproductive Biology Division; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Denis J. Crankshaw
- Honours Biology and Pharmacology Program; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5
- Reproductive Biology Division; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5
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38
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Warisnoich W, Hongpitich P, Lawanprase S. Alteration in Enzymatic Function of Human Cytochrome P450 by Silver Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2011.58.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vasanthanathan P, Olsen L, Jørgensen FS, Vermeulen NPE, Oostenbrink C. Computational prediction of binding affinity for CYP1A2-ligand complexes using empirical free energy calculations. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1347-54. [PMID: 20413725 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.032946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting binding affinities for receptor-ligand complexes is still one of the challenging processes in computational structure-based ligand design. Many computational methods have been developed to achieve this goal, such as docking and scoring methods, the linear interaction energy (LIE) method, and methods based on statistical mechanics. In the present investigation, we started from an LIE model to predict the binding free energy of structurally diverse compounds of cytochrome P450 1A2 ligands, one of the important human metabolizing isoforms of the cytochrome P450 family. The data set includes both substrates and inhibitors. It appears that the electrostatic contribution to the binding free energy becomes negligible in this particular protein and a simple empirical model was derived, based on a training set of eight compounds. The root mean square error for the training set was 3.7 kJ/mol. Subsequent application of the model to an external test set gives an error of 2.1 kJ/mol, which is remarkably good, considering the simplicity of the model. The structures of the protein-ligand interactions are further analyzed, again demonstrating the large versatility and plasticity of the cytochrome P450 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poongavanam Vasanthanathan
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Trubetskoy O, Finel M, Trubetskoy V. High-throughput screening technologies for drug glucuronidation profiling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A significant number of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including many therapeutic agents, are metabolized in humans via glucuronidation, catalysed by uridine diphosphoglucurono-syltransferases (UGTs). The study of the UGTs is a growing field of research, with constantly accumulated and updated information regarding UGT structure, purification, substrate specificity and inhibition, including clinically relevant drug interactions. Development of reliable UGT assays for the assessment of individual isoform substrate specificity and for the discovery of novel isoform-specific substrates and inhibitors is crucial for understanding the function and regulation of the UGT enzyme family and its clinical and pharmacological relevance. High-throughput screening (HTS) is a powerful technology used to search for novel substrates and inhibitors for a wide variety of targets. However, application of HTS in the context of UGTs is complicated because of the poor stability, low levels of expression, low affinity and broad substrate specificity of the enzymes, combined with difficulties in obtaining individual UGT isoforms in purified format, and insufficient information regarding isoform-specific substrates and inhibitors. This review examines the current status of HTS assays used in the search for novel UGT substrates and inhibitors, emphasizing advancements and challenges in HTS technologies for drug glucuronidation profiling, and discusses possible avenues for future advancement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trubetskoy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Moshe Finel
- DDTC, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Veselovsky A, Sobolev B, Zharkova M, Archakov A. Computer-based substrate specifity prediction for cytochrome P450. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 56:90-100. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 is important class of enzymes metabolizing numerous drugs. The composition and activity of these enzymes are determined the drug distribution in organism, its pharmacological and toxic effect. Thus the prediction of the behaviour of compounds in organism is essential for discovery and development of new drugs in the early stages of this process. The different isoforms of cytochrome P450 can oxidized wide range of chemical compounds and their substrate specifity do not correlate with their taxonomical classification. The main methods of cytochrome P450 substrate specifity prediction is reviewed. These methods divided based on primary informations that used: prediction based on amino acid sequences, ligand-based (pharmacophore and QSAR models) and structure-based (molecular docking, affinity prediction) methods. The common problem of cytochrome P450 substrate prediction and advantage and disadvantages of these methods are discussed.
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Dagliyan O, Kavakli IH, Turkay M. Classification of cytochrome P450 inhibitors with respect to binding free energy and pIC50 using common molecular descriptors. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:2403-11. [PMID: 19777996 DOI: 10.1021/ci900247t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Virtual screening of chemical libraries following experimental assays of drug candidates is a common procedure in structure based drug discovery. However, the relationship between binding free energies and biological activities (pIC50) of drug candidates is still an unsolved issue that limits the efficiency and speed of drug development processes. In this study, the relationship between them is investigated based on a common molecular descriptor set for human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs). CYPs play an important role in drug-drug interactions, drug metabolism, and toxicity. Therefore, in silico prediction of CYP inhibition by drug candidates is one of the major considerations in drug discovery. The combination of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and a variety of classification algorithms were employed by considering this relationship as a classification problem. Our results indicate that PLSR with classification is a powerful tool to predict more than one output such as binding free energy and pIC50 simultaneously. PLSR with mixed-integer linear programming based hyperboxes predicts the binding free energy and pIC50 with a mean accuracy of 87.18% (min: 81.67% max: 97.05%) and 88.09% (min: 79.83% max: 92.90%), respectively, for the cytochrome p450 superfamily using the common 6 molecular descriptors with a 10-fold cross-validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450 Turkey
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Makaji E, Trambitas CS, Shen P, Holloway AC, Crankshaw DJ. Effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors on the biotransformation of fluorogenic substrates by adult male rat liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed rat cytochrome P450 isoforms. Toxicol Sci 2009; 113:293-304. [PMID: 19858067 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the use of a panel of six fluorogenic cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates as a potential tool for rapid screening for global changes in CYP activity in rats under different physiological conditions. The biotransformation of 3-[2-(N,N-diethyl-N-methylammonium)ethyl]-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (AMMC), 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin, 7-benzyloxyquinoline, 3-cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin, 7-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin, and 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin by microsomes from adult male rat liver were characterized, their sensitivities to 15 putative inhibitors were determined and compared to similar experiments using nine different complementary DNA (cDNA)-expressed rat CYPs. Inhibitory profiles of the substrates in microsomes were different from each other, with some overlap, suggesting that each substrate is to some extent biotransformed by a different CYP isoform. Ketoconazole and clotrimazole were nonselective inhibitors, while ticlopidine selectively inhibited biotransformation of AMMC. CYP2A1 did not biotransform any of the substrates, and CYP2E1 was insensitive to all the inhibitors tested. Some inhibitors did not affect the biotransformation of the fluorogenic substrates by cDNA-expressed isoforms as predicted by their effects on conventional substrates, e.g., chlorzoxazone and diethyldithiocarbamate were inactive against CYP2E1, and CYP2C6 was not inhibited by sulfaphenazole. When results in microsomes and cDNA-expressed CYPs were compared, only the majority of the biotransformation of AMMC by microsomes could be assigned with full confidence to a specific CYP isoform, namely CYP2D2. Nevertheless, different inhibitory profiles of the substrates indicate that the panel will be useful for rapid functional quantification of global CYP activity in rats under different experimental conditions. Our results also demonstrate the inappropriateness of extrapolating inhibitory data between conventional and fluorogenic CYP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Makaji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Comprehensive characterization of cytochrome P450 isozyme selectivity across chemical libraries. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:1050-5. [PMID: 19855396 PMCID: PMC2783980 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene family catalyzes drug metabolism and bioactivation and is therefore relevant to drug development. We determined potency values for 17,143 compounds against five recombinant CYP isozymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) using an in vitro bioluminescent assay. The compounds included libraries of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and screening libraries. We observed cross-library isozyme inhibition (30-78%) with important differences between libraries. Whereas only 7% of the typical screening library was inactive against all five isozymes, 33% of FDA-approved drugs were inactive, reflecting the optimized pharmacological properties of the latter. Our results suggest that low CYP 2C isozyme activity is a common property of drugs, whereas other isozymes, such as CYP 2D6, show little discrimination between drugs and unoptimized compounds found in screening libraries. We also identified chemical substructures that differentiated between the five isozymes. The pharmacological compendium described here should further the understanding of CYP isozymes.
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Krippendorff BF, Neuhaus R, Lienau P, Reichel A, Huisinga W. Mechanism-Based Inhibition: Deriving KI and kinact Directly from Time-Dependent IC50 Values. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:913-23. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057109336751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of enzyme inhibition of a drug is frequently quantified in terms of IC50 values. Although this is a suitable quantity for reversible inhibitors, concerns arise when dealing with irreversible or mechanism-based inhibitors (MBIs). IC50 values of MBIs are time dependent, causing serious problems when aiming at ranking different compounds with respect to their inhibitory potential. As a consequence, most studies and ranking schemes related to MBIs rely on the inhibition constant (KI) and the rate of enzyme inactivation (kinact) rather than on IC50 values. In this article, the authors derive a novel relation between potentially time-dependent IC 50 values and KI, kinact parameters for different types of inhibition. This allows for direct estimation of KI and kinact values from time-dependent IC50 values, even without the need of additional preincubation experiments. The application of this approach is illustrated using a fluorimetric assay to access the drug-drug interaction potential associated with new chemical entities. The approach can easily be implemented using standard software tools (e.g., XLfit) and may also be suitable for applications where mechanism-based inhibition is a desired mode of action (e.g., at particular pharmacological drug targets). ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:913-923)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Fillippo Krippendorff
- Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland, and International Max-Planck Research School for Computational Biology and Scientific Computing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Neuhaus
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Department of Research Pharmacokinetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Department of Research Pharmacokinetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichel
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Department of Research Pharmacokinetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland, and International Max-Planck Research School for Computational Biology and Scientific Computing, Berlin, Germany,
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Understanding CYP2D6 interactions. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:964-72. [PMID: 19638317 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the polymorphic nature of CYP2D6, clinically significant issues can arise when drugs rely on that enzyme either for clearance, or metabolism to an active metabolite. Available screening methods to determine if the compound is likely to cause drug-drug interactions, or is likely to be a victim of inhibition of CYP2D6 by other compounds will be described. Computational models and examples will be given on strategies to design out the CYP2D6 liabilities for both heme-binding compounds and non-heme-binding compounds.
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Sukumaran SM, Potsaid B, Lee MY, Clark DS, Dordick JS. Development of a fluorescence-based, ultra high-throughput screening platform for nanoliter-scale cytochrome p450 microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:668-78. [PMID: 19525490 DOI: 10.1177/1087057109336592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450s) assays are critical enzymes in early-stage lead discovery and optimization in drug development. Currently available fluorescence-based reaction assays provide a rapid and reliable method for monitoring CYP450 enzyme activity but are confined to medium-throughput well-plate systems. The authors present a high-throughput, integrated screening platform for CYP450 assays combining enzyme encapsulation techniques, microarraying methods, and wide-field imaging. Alginate-containing microarrays consisting of up to 1134 CYP450 reaction elements were fabricated on functionalized glass slides (reaction volumes 20 to 80 nL, total enzyme content in pg) and imaged to yield endpoint activity, stability, and kinetic data. A charge-coupled device imager acquired quantitative, high-resolution images of a 20x20 mm area/snapshot using custom-built wide-field optics with telecentric lenses and easily interchangeable filter sets. The imaging system offered a broad dynamic intensity range (linear over 3 orders of magnitude) and sensitivity down to fluorochrome quantities of <5 fmols, with read accuracy similar to a laser scanner or a fluorescence plate reader but with higher throughput. Rapid image acquisition enabled analysis of CYP450 kinetics. Fluorogenic assays with CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 on the alginate microarrays exhibited Z' factors ranging from 0.75 to 0.85, sensitive detection of inhibitory compounds, and reactivity comparable to that in solution, thereby demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the microarray platform. This system enables for the first time a significant miniaturization of CYP enzyme assays with significant conservation of assay reagents, greatly increased throughput, and no apparent loss of enzyme activity or assay sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra M Sukumaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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Nicoli R, Curcio R, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL. Development of an In-Capillary Approach to Nanoscale Automated in Vitro Cytochromes P450 Assays. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2192-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Nicoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Curcio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Boulevard d’Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Tanvir S, Pantigny J, Morandat S, Pulvin S. Development of immobilization technique for liver microsomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 68:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models for predicting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties play increasingly important roles in support of the drug development process. OBJECTIVE We briefly review the in silico prediction models for three important ADME properties, namely, aqueous solubility, human intestinal absorption, and oral bioavailability. METHODS Rather than giving detailed descriptions of the ADME prediction models, we focus on the discussions of the prediction accuracies of the in silico models. RESULTS/CONCLUSION We find that the robustness and predictive capability of the ADME models are directly associated with the complexity of the ADME property. For the ADME properties involving complex phenomena, such as bioavailability, the in silico models usually cannot give satisfactory predictions. Moreover, the lack of large and high-quality data sets also greatly hinder the reliability of ADME predictions. While considerable progress has been achieved in ADME predictions, many challenges remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Hou
- University of California at San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, USA.
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