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Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Synthesis and Significance of Arachidonic Acid, a Substrate for Cyclooxygenases, Lipoxygenases, and Cytochrome P450 Pathways in the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Including a Pan-Cancer Comparative Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030946. [PMID: 36765904 PMCID: PMC9913267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive gliomas. New and more effective therapeutic approaches are being sought based on studies of the various mechanisms of GBM tumorigenesis, including the synthesis and metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). PubMed, GEPIA, and the transcriptomics analysis carried out by Seifert et al. were used in writing this paper. In this paper, we discuss in detail the biosynthesis of this acid in GBM tumors, with a special focus on certain enzymes: fatty acid desaturase (FADS)1, FADS2, and elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5). We also discuss ARA metabolism, particularly its release from cell membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2) and its processing by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, and 15-LOX-2), and cytochrome P450. Next, we discuss the significance of lipid mediators synthesized from ARA in GBM cancer processes, including prostaglandins (PGE2, PGD2, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2)), thromboxane A2 (TxA2), oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), lipoxins, and many others. These lipid mediators can increase the proliferation of GBM cancer cells, cause angiogenesis, inhibit the anti-tumor response of the immune system, and be responsible for resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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2
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Wound redox gradients revisited. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:13-16. [PMID: 28751250 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence emerges that redox gradients regulate morphogenesis, inflammation, regeneration, and healing of tissues. At the example of redox signaling during the zebrafish wound response, I briefly discuss current ideas on how such patterns might be sensed and spatially regulated to guide physiological processes over distances in animals.
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Alleviating Promotion of Inflammation and Cancer Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:9632018. [PMID: 28573063 PMCID: PMC5442344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9632018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical Relevance Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are of intensive use nowadays. These drugs exert their activity via the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Though beneficial for health in some instances, both unspecific and specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity interfere with AA metabolism producing also proinflammatory lipids that may promote cancer. Materials and Methods This review is based on available literature on clinical uses, biochemical investigations, molecular medicine, pharmacology, toxicity, and epidemiology-clinical studies on NSAIDs and other drugs that may be used accordingly, which was collected from electronic (SciFinder, Medline, Science Direct, and ACS among others) and library searches of books and journals. Results Relevant literature supports the notion that NDSAID use may also promote proinflammatory biochemical events that are also related to precancerous predisposition. Several agents are proposed that may be employed in immediate future to supplement and optimize treatment with NSAIDs. In this way serious side effects arising from promotion of inflammation and cancer, especially in chronic NSAID users and high risk groups of patients, could be avoided.
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Nagendra Reddy C, Ye Q, Patel P, Sivendran S, Chourey S, Wang R, Anumolu JR, Grant GE, Powell WS, Rokach J. Design and synthesis of affinity chromatography ligands for the purification of 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:116-125. [PMID: 28340986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is converted to biologically active metabolites by different pathways, one of the most important of which is initiated by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), although possessing only weak biological activity itself, is oxidized to 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and neutrophils. Our main goal is to determine how the biosynthesis of 5-oxo-ETE is regulated and to determine its pathophysiological roles. To achieve this task, we designed and synthesized affinity chromatography ligands for the purification of 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH), the enzyme responsible for the formation of 5-oxo-ETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Pranav Patel
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Sashikala Sivendran
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Jaganmohan R Anumolu
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Gail E Grant
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA.
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5
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Maddipati KR, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Zhou SL, Xu Z, Tarca AL, Kusanovic JP, Gomez R, Chaiyasit N, Honn KV. Lipidomic analysis of patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity reveals up-regulation of leukotriene B4. FASEB J 2016; 30:3296-3307. [PMID: 27312808 PMCID: PMC5024690 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600583r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids derived from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids are important mediators of the inflammatory response. Labor per se is considered a sterile inflammatory process. Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) due to microorganisms (i.e., intra-amniotic infection) or danger signals (i.e., sterile IAI) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and clinical chorioamnionitis at term. Early and accurate diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) requires analysis of amniotic fluid (AF). It is possible that IAI caused by microorganisms is associated with a stereotypic lipidomic profile, and that analysis of AF may help in the identification of patients with this condition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the fatty acyl lipidome of AF by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from patients in spontaneous labor at term and preterm gestations. We report that the AF concentrations of proinflammatory lipid mediators of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are significantly higher in MIAC than in cases of sterile IAI. These results suggest that the concentrations of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and leukotriene B4 in particular could serve as potential biomarkers of MIAC. This finding could have important implications for the rapid identification of patients who may benefit from anti-microbial treatment.-Maddipati, K. R., Romero, R., Chaiworapongsa ,T., Chaemsaithong, P., Zhou, S.-L., Xu, Z., Tarca, A. L., Kusanovic, J. P., Gomez, R., Chaiyasit, N., Honn, K. V. Lipidomic analysis of patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity reveals up-regulation of leukotriene B4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sen-Lin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Ricardo Gomez
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and Center for Perinatal Diagnosis (CEDIP), Research and Academic Innovations, Hospital Clínico La Florida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Endogenous Generation and Signaling Actions of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Electrophilic Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:501792. [PMID: 26339618 PMCID: PMC4538325 DOI: 10.1155/2015/501792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are beneficial for a number of conditions ranging from cardiovascular disease to chronic airways disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Growing evidence has shown that bioactive oxygenated derivatives are responsible for transducing these salutary effects. Electrophilic oxo-derivatives of omega-3 PUFAs represent a class of oxidized derivatives that can be generated via enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. Inflammation and oxidative stress favor the formation of these signaling species to promote the resolution of inflammation within a fine autoregulatory loop. Endogenous generation of electrophilic oxo-derivatives of omega-3 PUFAs has been observed in in vitro and ex vivo human models and dietary supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs has been reported to increase their formation. Due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety, these compounds covalently and reversibly react with nucleophilic residues on target proteins triggering the activation of cytoprotective pathways, including the Nrf2 antioxidant response, the heat shock response, and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and suppressing the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. The endogenous nature of electrophilic oxo-derivatives of omega-3 PUFAs combined with their ability to simultaneously activate multiple cytoprotective pathways has made these compounds attractive for the development of new therapies for the treatment of chronic disorders and acute events characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Wendell SG, Golin-Bisello F, Wenzel S, Sobol RW, Holguin F, Freeman BA. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase generation of electrophilic lipid signaling mediators from hydroxy ω-3 fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5868-80. [PMID: 25586183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15PGDH) is the primary enzyme catalyzing the conversion of hydroxylated arachidonic acid species to their corresponding oxidized metabolites. The oxidation of hydroxylated fatty acids, such as the conversion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 to 15-ketoPGE2, by 15PGDH is viewed to inactivate signaling responses. In contrast, the typically electrophilic products can also induce anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses. This study determined that hydroxylated docosahexaenoic acid metabolites (HDoHEs) are substrates for 15PGDH. Examination of 15PGDH substrate specificity was conducted in cell culture (A549 and primary human airway epithelia and alveolar macrophages) using chemical inhibition and shRNA knockdown of 15PGDH. Substrate specificity is broad and relies on the carbon position of the acyl chain hydroxyl group. 14-HDoHE was determined to be the optimal DHA substrate for 15PGDH, resulting in the formation of its electrophilic metabolite, 14-oxoDHA. Consistent with this, 14-HDoHE was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of mild to moderate asthmatics, and the exogenous addition of 14-oxoDHA to primary alveolar macrophages inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. These data reveal that 15PGDH-derived DHA metabolites are biologically active and can contribute to the salutary signaling actions of Ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sally Wenzel
- Asthma Institute and Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Robert W Sobol
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Asthma Institute and Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
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Powell WS, Rokach J. Biosynthesis, biological effects, and receptors of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) derived from arachidonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:340-55. [PMID: 25449650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be oxygenated by a variety of different enzymes, including lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450s, and can be converted to a complex mixture of oxygenated products as a result of lipid peroxidation. The initial products in these reactions are hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HpETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) can be formed by the actions of various dehydrogenases on HETEs or by dehydration of HpETEs. Although a large number of different HETEs and oxo-ETEs have been identified, this review will focus principally on 5-oxo-ETE, 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE, and 15S-HETE. Other related arachidonic acid metabolites will also be discussed in less detail. 5-Oxo-ETE is synthesized by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-HETE by the selective enzyme, 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting that it may be important in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE also appears to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and may also be involved in cancer. Highly selective and potent OXE receptor antagonists have recently become available and could help to clarify its pathophysiological role. The 12-lipoxygenase product 12S-HETE acts by the GPR31 receptor and promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and could therefore be a promising target in cancer therapy. It may also be involved as a proinflammatory mediator in diabetes. In contrast, 15S-HETE may have a protective effect in cancer. In addition to GPCRs, higher concentration of HETEs and oxo-ETEs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and could potentially regulate a variety of processes by this mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Generation and dietary modulation of anti-inflammatory electrophilic omega-3 fatty acid derivatives. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94836. [PMID: 24736647 PMCID: PMC3988126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decrease cardiovascular risk via suppression of inflammation. The generation of electrophilic α,β-unsaturated ketone derivatives of the ω-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in activated human macrophages is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). These derivatives are potent pleiotropic anti-inflammatory signaling mediators that act via mechanisms including the activation of Nrf2-dependent phase 2 gene expression and suppression of pro-inflammatory NF-κB-driven gene expression. Herein, the endogenous generation of ω-3 PUFAs electrophilic ketone derivatives and their hydroxy precursors was evaluated in human neutrophils. In addition, their dietary modulation was assessed through a randomized clinical trial. Methods Endogenous generation of electrophilic omega-3 PUFAs and their hydroxy precursors was evaluated by mass spectrometry in neutrophils isolated from healthy subjects, both at baseline and upon stimulation with calcium ionophore. For the clinical trial, participants were healthy adults 30–55 years of age with a reported EPA+DHA consumption of ≤300 mg/day randomly assigned to parallel groups receiving daily oil capsule supplements for a period of 4 months containing either 1.4 g of EPA+DHA (active condition, n = 24) or identical appearing soybean oil (control condition, n = 21). Participants and laboratory technicians remained blinded to treatment assignments. Results 5-lypoxygenase-dependent endogenous generation of 7-oxo-DHA, 7-oxo-DPA and 5-oxo-EPA and their hydroxy precursors is reported in human neutrophils stimulated with calcium ionophore and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Dietary EPA+DHA supplementation significantly increased the formation of 7-oxo-DHA and 5-oxo-EPA, with no significant modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite levels. Conclusions The endogenous detection of these electrophilic ω-3 fatty acid ketone derivatives supports the precept that the benefit of ω-3 PUFA-rich diets can be attributed to the generation of electrophilic oxygenated metabolites that transduce anti-inflammatory actions rather than the suppression of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00663871
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Powell WS, Rokach J. The eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:651-65. [PMID: 24056189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
5-Oxo-ETE (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) is formed from the 5-lipoxygenase product 5-HETE (5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH). The cofactor NADP(+) is a limiting factor in the synthesis of 5-oxo-ETE because of its low concentrations in unperturbed cells. Activation of the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells, oxidative stress, and cell death all dramatically elevate both intracellular NADP(+) levels and 5-oxo-ETE synthesis. 5-HEDH is widely expressed in inflammatory, structural, and tumor cells. Cells devoid of 5-lipoxygenase can synthesize 5-oxo-ETE by transcellular biosynthesis using inflammatory cell-derived 5-HETE. 5-Oxo-ETE is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils and promotes the proliferation of tumor cells. However, its primary target appears to be the eosinophil, for which it is a highly potent chemoattractant. The actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated by the highly selective OXE receptor, which signals by activating various second messenger pathways through the release of the βγ-dimer from Gi/o proteins to which it is coupled. Because of its potent effects on eosinophils, 5-oxo-ETE may be an important mediator in asthma, and, because of its proliferative effects, may also contribute to tumor progression. Selective OXE receptor antagonists, which are currently under development, could be useful therapeutic agents in asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Key Words
- 12-HHT
- 12-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid
- 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid
- 5,12-diHETE
- 5,15-diHETE
- 5-HEDH
- 5-HEPE
- 5-HETE
- 5-HETrE
- 5-HODE
- 5-HpETE
- 5-LO
- 5-Lipoxygenase
- 5-Oxo-ETE
- 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase
- 5-lipoxygenase
- 5-oxo-12-HETE
- 5-oxo-12S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-15-HETE
- 5-oxo-15S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-20-HETE
- 5-oxo-20-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5-oxo-6E,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- 5-oxo-7-glutathionyl factor-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5-oxo-EPE
- 5-oxo-ETE
- 5-oxo-ETrE
- 5-oxo-ODE
- 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroperoxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5S-hydroxy-6E,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- 5Z,8Z-octadecadienoic acid
- Asthma
- Chemoattractants
- DHA
- ECL
- EPA
- Eosinophils
- FOG(7)
- G protein-coupled receptor
- GPCR
- Inflammation
- LT
- LXA(4)
- Mead acid
- PAF
- PI3K
- PLC
- PMA
- PUFA
- Sebaleic acid
- StAR
- eosinophil chemotactic lipid
- leukotriene
- lipoxin A(4)
- phorbol myristate acetate
- phosphoinositide-3 kinase
- phospholipase C
- platelet-activating
- polyunsaturated fatty acid
- steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- uPAR
- urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
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Schopfer FJ, Cipollina C, Freeman BA. Formation and signaling actions of electrophilic lipids. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5997-6021. [PMID: 21928855 PMCID: PMC3294277 DOI: 10.1021/cr200131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Piazza Sett’Angeli 10, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Grant GE, Rokach J, Powell WS. 5-Oxo-ETE and the OXE receptor. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 89:98-104. [PMID: 19450703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-ETE is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway that is formed by the oxidation of 5-HETE by 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH). 5-HEDH is a microsomal NADP(+)-dependent enzyme that is highly selective for 5-HETE. 5-Oxo-ETE synthesis is regulated by intracellular NADP(+) levels and is dramatically increased under conditions that favor oxidation of NADPH to NADP(+) such as oxidative stress and the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells. 5-Oxo-ETE is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and has similar effects on neutrophils, basophils and monocytes. It elicits infiltration of eosinophils and, to a lesser extent, neutrophils into the skin after intradermal injection in humans. It also promotes the survival of tumor cells and has been shown to block the induction of apoptosis by 5-LO inhibitors. 5-Oxo-ETE acts by the G(i/o)-coupled OXE receptor, which was also known as TG1019, R527 and hGPCR48. Although the pathophysiological role of 5-oxo-ETE is not well understood, it may play important roles in asthma and allergic diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The availability of a selective antagonist would help to clarify the role of 5-oxo-ETE and may be of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Grant
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, QC, Canada
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