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de los Ríos C, Viejo L, Carretero VJ, Juárez NH, Cruz-Martins N, Hernández-Guijo JM. Promising Molecular Targets in Pharmacological Therapy for Neuronal Damage in Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:118. [PMID: 36670980 PMCID: PMC9854812 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex etiopathogenesis of brain injury associated with neurodegeneration has sparked a lot of studies in the last century. These clinical situations are incurable, and the currently available therapies merely act on symptoms or slow down the course of the diseases. Effective methods are being sought with an intent to modify the disease, directly acting on the properly studied targets, as well as to contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies, opening the possibility of refocusing on drug development for disease management. In this sense, this review discusses the available evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ca2+ miscommunication in neurons, as well as how targeting phosphorylation events may be used to modulate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in the treatment of neuronal damage. Ca2+ tends to be the catalyst for mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the synaptic deficiency seen in brain injury. Additionally, emerging data have shown that PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) suppress inflammatory responses by inhibiting different signaling pathways, indicating that PADs may be beneficial for the management of neuronal damage. In addition, a few bioactive compounds have also triggered the activation of PP2A-targeted drugs for this treatment, and clinical studies will help in the authentication of these compounds. If the safety profiles of PADs are proven to be satisfactory, there is a case to be made for starting clinical studies in the setting of neurological diseases as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, University Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Lucía Viejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic and Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Autónoma de Madrid, C/. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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García-Casas P, Alvarez-Illera P, Gómez-Orte E, Cabello J, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. The Mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger Inhibitor CGP37157 Preserves Muscle Structure and Function to Increase Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695687. [PMID: 34211399 PMCID: PMC8241105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported recently that the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor CGP37157 extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by a mechanism involving mitochondria, the TOR pathway and the insulin/IGF1 pathway. Here we show that CGP37157 significantly improved the evolution with age of the sarcomeric regular structure, delaying development of sarcopenia in C. elegans body wall muscle and increasing the average and maximum speed of the worms. Similarly, CGP37157 favored the maintenance of a regular mitochondrial structure during aging. We have also investigated further the mechanism of the effect of CGP37157 by studying its effect in mutants of aak-1;aak-2/AMP-activated kinase, sir-2.1/sirtuin, rsks-1/S6 kinase and daf-16/FOXO. We found that this compound was still effective increasing lifespan in all these mutants, indicating that these pathways are not involved in the effect. We have then monitored pharynx cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling and our results suggest that CGP37157 is probably inhibiting not only the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, but also Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane. Finally, a transcriptomic study detected that CGP37157 induced changes in lipid metabolism enzymes and a four-fold increase in the expression of ncx-6, one of the C. elegans mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. In summary, CGP37157 increases both lifespan and healthspan by a mechanism involving changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, Ca2+ signalling could be a promising target to act on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva Gómez-Orte
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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3
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Alvarez J, Alvarez-Illera P, García-Casas P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M. The Role of Ca 2+ Signaling in Aging and Neurodegeneration: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010204. [PMID: 31947609 PMCID: PMC7016793 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger that plays an essential role in physiological processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal secretion, and cell proliferation or differentiation. There is ample evidence that the dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling is one of the key events in the development of neurodegenerative processes, an idea called the "calcium hypothesis" of neurodegeneration. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a very good model for the study of aging and neurodegeneration. In fact, many of the signaling pathways involved in longevity were first discovered in this nematode, and many models of neurodegenerative diseases have also been developed therein, either through mutations in the worm genome or by expressing human proteins involved in neurodegeneration (β-amyloid, α-synuclein, polyglutamine, or others) in defined worm tissues. The worm is completely transparent throughout its whole life, which makes it possible to carry out Ca2+ dynamics studies in vivo at any time, by expressing Ca2+ fluorescent probes in defined worm tissues, and even in specific organelles such as mitochondria. This review will summarize the evidence obtained using this model organism to understand the role of Ca2+ signaling in aging and neurodegeneration.
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García-Casas P, Arias-Del-Val J, Alvarez-Illera P, Wojnicz A, de Los Ríos C, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. The Neuroprotector Benzothiazepine CGP37157 Extends Lifespan in C. elegans Worms. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 10:440. [PMID: 30705628 PMCID: PMC6344432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzothiazepine CGP37157 has shown neuroprotective effects in several in vitro models of excitotoxicity involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Although its mechanism of neuroprotection is unclear, it is probably related with some of its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. CGP37157 is a well-known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX). However, it is not very specific and also blocks several other Ca2+ channels and transporters, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 channel (CALHM1). In the present work, we have studied if CGP37157 could also induce changes in life expectancy. We now report that CGP37157 extends C. elegans lifespan by 10%–15% with a bell-shaped concentration-response, with high concentrations producing no effect. The effect was even larger (25% increase in life expectancy) in worms fed with heat-inactivated bacteria. The worm CGP37157 concentration producing maximum effect was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and was close to the IC50 for inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. CGP37157 also extended the lifespan in eat-2 mutants (a model for caloric restriction), suggesting that caloric restriction is not involved in the mechanism of lifespan extension. Actually, CGP37157 produced no effect in mutants of the TOR pathway (daf15/unc24) or the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway (daf-2), indicating that the effect involves these pathways. Moreover, CGP37157 was also ineffective in nuo-6 mutants, which have a defect in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Since it has been described that neuroprotection by this compound in cell cultures is abolished by mitochondrial inhibitors, this suggests that life extension in C. elegans and neuroprotection in cell cultures may share a similar mechanism involving mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arias-Del-Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojnicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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6
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Mapa MST, Le VQ, Wimalasena K. Characteristics of the mitochondrial and cellular uptake of MPP+, as probed by the fluorescent mimic, 4'I-MPP. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197946. [PMID: 30138351 PMCID: PMC6107127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons and causes Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms in mammals has strengthened the environmental hypothesis of PD. The current model for the dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+ is centered on its uptake into dopaminergic neurons, accumulation into the mitochondria, inhibition of the complex-I leading to ATP depletion, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic cell death. However, some aspects of this mechanism and the details of the cellular and mitochondrial accumulation of MPP+ are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize a structural and functional MPP+ mimic which is suitable to study the cellular distribution and mitochondrial uptake of MPP+ in live cells and use it to identify the molecular details of these processes to advance the understanding of the mechanism of the selective dopaminergic toxicity of MPP+. Here we report the characterization of the fluorescent MPP+ derivative, 1-methyl-4-(4'-iodophenyl)pyridinium (4'I-MPP+), as a suitable candidate for this purpose. Using this novel probe, we show that cytosolic/mitochondrial Ca2+ play a critical role through the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) in the mitochondrial and cellular accumulation of MPP+ suggesting for the first time that MPP+ and related mitochondrial toxins may also exert their toxic effects through the perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis in dopaminergic cells. We also found that the specific mitochondrial NCX (mNCX) inhibitors protect dopaminergic cells from the MPP+ and 4'I-MPP+ toxicity, most likely through the inhibition of the mitochondrial uptake, which could potentially be exploited for the development of pharmacological agents to protect the central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic neurons from PD-causing environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mapa S T Mapa
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Viet Q Le
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kandatege Wimalasena
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, United States of America
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7
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de Los Rios C, Cano-Abad MF, Villarroya M, López MG. Chromaffin cells as a model to evaluate mechanisms of cell death and neuroprotective compounds. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:187-198. [PMID: 28823085 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we show how chromaffin cells have contributed to evaluate neuroprotective compounds with diverse mechanisms of action. Chromaffin cells are considered paraneurons, as they share many common features with neurons: (i) they synthesize, store, and release neurotransmitters upon stimulation and (ii) they express voltage-dependent calcium, sodium, and potassium channels, in addition to a wide variety of receptors. All these characteristics, together with the fact that primary cultures from bovine adrenal glands or chromaffin cells from the tumor pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 are easy to culture, make them an ideal model to study neurotoxic mechanisms and neuroprotective drugs. In the first part of this review, we will analyze the different cytotoxicity models related to calcium dyshomeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Along the second part of the review, we describe how different classes of drugs have been evaluated in chromaffin cells to determine their neuroprotective profile in different neurodegenerative-related models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal de Los Rios
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria F Cano-Abad
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Fontaine AK, Gibson EA, Caldwell JH, Weir RF. Optical Read-out of Neural Activity in Mammalian Peripheral Axons: Calcium Signaling at Nodes of Ranvier. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4744. [PMID: 28720792 PMCID: PMC5516017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current neural interface technologies have serious limitations for advanced prosthetic and therapeutic applications due primarily to their lack of specificity in neural communication. An optogenetic approach has the potential to provide single cell/axon resolution in a minimally invasive manner by optical interrogation of light-sensitive reporters and actuators. Given the aim of reading neural activity in the peripheral nervous system, this work has investigated an activity-dependent signaling mechanism in the peripheral nerve. We demonstrate action potential evoked calcium signals in mammalian tibial nerve axons using an in vitro mouse model with a dextran-conjugated fluorescent calcium indicator. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the signal are presented, including characterization of frequency-modulated amplitude. Pharmacological experiments implicate T-type CaV channels and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) as predominant mechanisms of calcium influx. This work shows the potential of using calcium-associated optical signals for neural activity read-out in peripheral nerve axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Fontaine
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA.
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - John H Caldwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard F Weir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, USA
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9
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López-Gil A, Nanclares C, Méndez-López I, Martínez-Ramírez C, de Los Rios C, Padín-Nogueira JF, Montero M, Gandía L, García AG. The quantal catecholamine release from mouse chromaffin cells challenged with repeated ACh pulses is regulated by the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger. J Physiol 2017; 595:2129-2146. [PMID: 27982456 DOI: 10.1113/jp273339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Upon repeated application of short ACh pulses to C57BL6J mouse chromaffin cells, the amperometrically monitored secretory responses promptly decayed to a steady-state level of around 25% of the initial response. A subsequent K+ pulse, however, overcame such decay. These data suggest that mouse chromaffin cells have a ready release-vesicle pool that is selectively recruited by the physiological neurotransmitter ACh. The ACh-sensitive vesicle pool is refilled and maintained by the rate of Ca2+ delivery from mitochondria to the cytosol, through the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX). ITH12662, a novel blocker of the mNCX, prevented the decay of secretion elicited by ACh pulses and delayed the rate of [Ca2+ ]c clearance. This regulatory pathway may be physiologically relevant in situations of prolonged stressful conflicts where a sustained catecholamine release is regulated by mitochondrial Ca2+ circulation through the mNCX, which couples respiration and ATP synthesis to long-term stimulation of chromaffin cells by endogenously released ACh. ABSTRACT Using caged-Ca2+ photorelease or paired depolarising pulses in voltage-clamped chromaffin cells (CCs), various pools of secretory vesicles with different readiness to undergo exocytosis have been identified. Whether these pools are present in unclamped CCs challenged with ACh, the physiological neurotransmitter at the splanchnic nerve-CC synapse, is unknown. We have explored here whether an ACh-sensitive ready-release vesicle pool (ASP) is present in C57BL6J mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs). Single cells were fast perfused with a Tyrode solution at 37°C, and challenged with 12 sequential ACh pulses (100 μm, 2 s, every 30 s) plus a K+ pulse given at the end (75 mm K+ ). After the first 2-3 ACh pulses the amperometrically monitored secretory responses promptly decayed to a steady-state level of around 25% of the initial response. The last K+ pulse, however, overcame such decay. Repeated ACh pulses to voltage-clamped cells elicited non-desensitising nicotinic currents. Also, the [Ca2+ ]c transients elicited by repeated ACh pulses that were superimposed on a stable baseline elevation did not undergo decay. The novel blocker of the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX) ITH12662 prevented the decay of secretion elicited by ACh pulses and delayed the rate of [Ca2+ ]c clearance. The experiments are compatible with the idea that C57BL6J MCCs have an ASP vesicle pool that is selectively recruited by the physiological neurotransmitter ACh and is regulated by the rate of Ca2+ delivery from mitochondria to the cytosol, through the mNCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela López-Gil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nanclares
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Ramírez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Rios
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernando Padín-Nogueira
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Instituto de Biologia y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid, c/ Sanz y Forés, 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Buendia I, Tenti G, Michalska P, Méndez-López I, Luengo E, Satriani M, Padín-Nogueira F, López MG, Ramos MT, García AG, Menéndez JC, León R. ITH14001, a CGP37157-Nimodipine Hybrid Designed to Regulate Calcium Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress, Exerts Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:67-81. [PMID: 27731633 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain ischemia, oxygen and glucose deprivation induces calcium overload, extensive oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and, finally, massive neuronal loss. In the search of a neuroprotective compound to mitigate this neuronal loss, we have designed and synthesized a new multitarget hybrid (ITH14001) directed at the reduction of calcium overload by acting on two regulators of calcium homeostasis; the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX) and L-type voltage dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). This compound is a hybrid of CGP37157 (mNCX inhibitor) and nimodipine (L-type VDCCs blocker), and its pharmacological evaluation revealed a moderate ability to selectively inhibit both targets. These activities conferred concentration-dependent neuroprotection in two models of Ca2+ overload, such as toxicity induced by high K+ in the SH-SY5Y cell line (60% protection at 30 μM) and veratridine in hippocampal slices (26% protection at 10 μM). It also showed neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress, an activity related to its nitrogen radical scavenger effect and moderate induction of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Its Nrf2 induction capability was confirmed by the increase of the expression of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzyme heme-oxygenase I (3-fold increase). In addition, the multitarget profile of ITH14001 led to anti-inflammatory properties, shown by the reduction of nitrites production induced by lipopolysaccharide in glial cultures. Finally, it showed protective effect in two acute models of cerebral ischemia in hippocampal slices, excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (31% protection at 10 μM) and oxygen and glucose deprivation (76% protection at 10 μM), reducing oxidative stress and iNOS deleterious induction. In conclusion, our hybrid derivative showed improved neuroprotective properties when compared to its parent compounds CGP37157 and nimodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giammarco Tenti
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Luengo
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Satriani
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Padín-Nogueira
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Ramos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JGF, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 14:238-250. [PMID: 28004807 PMCID: PMC5350035 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, B139, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart &Lung Institute, National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, C-8, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Center, T-16 Room 080, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, and German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kopodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road Suite 7400, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron, Galter 3-150, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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12
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Punzón E, García-Alvarado F, Maroto M, Fernández-Mendívil C, Michalska P, García-Álvarez I, Arranz-Tagarro JA, Buendia I, López MG, León R, Gandía L, Fernández-Mayoralas A, García AG. Novel sulfoglycolipid IG20 causes neuroprotection by activating the phase II antioxidant response in rat hippocampal slices. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:110-121. [PMID: 28007500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Compound IG20 is a newly synthesised sulphated glycolipid that promotes neuritic outgrowth and myelinisation, at the time it causes the inhibition of glial proliferation and facilitates exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Here we have shown that IG20 at 0.3-10 μM afforded neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices stressed with veratridine, glutamate or with oxygen plus glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/reox). Excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicited by glutamate or ODG/reox was prevented by IG20 that also restored the depressed tissue levels of GSH and ATP in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD/reox. Furthermore, the augmented iNOS expression produced upon OGD/reox exposure was also counteracted by IG20. Additionally, the IG20 elicited neuroprotection was prevented by the presence of inhibitors of the signalling pathways Jak2/STAT3, MEK/ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt, consistent with the ability of the compound to increase the phosphorylation of Jak2, ERK1/2, and Akt. Thus, the activation of phase II response and the Nrf2/ARE pathway could explain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and the ensuing neuroprotective actions of IG20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Punzón
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernanda García-Alvarado
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Maroto
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-Álvarez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Arranz-Tagarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Lajarín-Cuesta R, Nanclares C, Arranz-Tagarro JA, González-Lafuente L, Arribas RL, Araujo de Brito M, Gandía L, de Los Ríos C. Gramine Derivatives Targeting Ca(2+) Channels and Ser/Thr Phosphatases: A New Dual Strategy for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6265-80. [PMID: 27280380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of gramine derivatives and their pharmacological evaluation as multipotent drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. An innovative multitarget approach is presented, targeting both voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, classically studied for neurodegenerative diseases, and Ser/Thr phosphatases, which have been marginally aimed, even despite their key role in protein τ dephosphorylation. Twenty-five compounds were synthesized, and mostly their neuroprotective profile exceeded that offered by the head compound gramine. In general, these compounds reduced the entry of Ca(2+) through VGCC, as measured by Fluo-4/AM and patch clamp techniques, and protected in Ca(2+) overload-induced models of neurotoxicity, like glutamate or veratridine exposures. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these compounds decrease τ hyperphosphorylation based on the maintenance of the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity and their neuroprotection against the damage caused by okadaic acid. Hence, we propose this multitarget approach as a new and promising strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nanclares
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Alberto Arranz-Tagarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa , C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel L Arribas
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monique Araujo de Brito
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa , C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Neuroprotective profile of pyridothiazepines with blocking activity of the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:114-23. [PMID: 26774037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger plays an important role in the control of cytosolic Ca(2+) cycling in excitable cells, essential for the regulation of a plethora of Ca(2+)-dependent physio-pathological events, such as apoptosis in the presence of a Ca(2+) overload. There are very few pharmacological tools available to study both physiological and pathological implications of the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, where the benzothiazepine CGP37157 is the best-known ligand, used since the 1980s. However, it is not an efficient blocker and lacks of selectivity, as also blocks several other cellular Ca(2+) transporters. Moreover, CGP37157 is a very lipophilic drug, showing very poor water solubility, what has hindered its therapeutic use. Attempting to improve its pharmacokinetic profile as well as its potency and selectivity, we herein describe the synthesis of new CGP37157 analogs, where the benzene-fused ring has been replaced by a pyridine. On top of a better water solubility and lower log P value, some of these new pyridothiazepine derivatives also presented a higher capacity to regulate the mitochondrial Ca(2+) clearance, while keeping the neuroprotective properties presented in the head compound CGP37157.
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15
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Martínez-Sanz FJ, Lajarín-Cuesta R, Moreno-Ortega AJ, González-Lafuente L, Fernández-Morales JC, López-Arribas R, Cano-Abad MF, Ríos CDL. Benzothiazepine CGP37157 Analogues Exert Cytoprotection in Various in Vitro Models of Neurodegeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1626-36. [PMID: 26192029 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate cellular Ca(2+) oscillations, taking up Ca(2+) through its uniporter and releasing it through the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger. The role of mitochondria in the regulation of Ca(2+) cycle has received much attention recently, as it is a central stage in neuronal survival and death processes. Over the last decades, the 4,1-benzothiazepine CGP37157 has been the only available blocker of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger, although it targets several other calcium transporters. We report the synthesis of 4,1-benzothiazepine derivatives with the goal of enhancing mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger blockade and selectivity, and the evaluation of their cytoprotective effect. The compound 4c presented an interesting neuroprotective profile in addition to an important blockade of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger. The use of this benzothiazepine could help to understand the physiological functions of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger. In addition, we hypothesize that a moderate blockade of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger would provide enhanced neuroprotection in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Martínez-Sanz
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio
de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de
León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana J. Moreno-Ortega
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio
de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de
León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio
de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de
León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C. Fernández-Morales
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Arribas
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María F. Cano-Abad
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio
de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de
León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto
Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y
Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio
de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de
León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Moreno-Ortega AJ, Martínez-Sanz FJ, Lajarín-Cuesta R, de Los Rios C, Cano-Abad MF. Benzothiazepine CGP37157 and its 2'-isopropyl analogue modulate Ca²⁺ entry through CALHM1. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:503-10. [PMID: 25908402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CALHM1 is a Ca(2+) channel discovered in 2008, which plays a key role in the neuronal electrical activity, among other functions. However, there are no known efficient blockers able to modulate its Ca(2+) handling ability. We herein describe that benzothiazepine CGP37157 and its newly synthesized analogue ITH12575 reduced Ca(2+) influx through CALHM1 at low micromolar concentrations. These results could serve as a starting point for the development of more selective CALHM1 ligands using CGP37157 as a hit compound, which would help to study the physiological role of CALHM1 in the control of [Ca(2+)]cyt in excitable cells, as well as its implication in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Moreno-Ortega
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martínez-Sanz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Rios
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Cano-Abad
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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GABA release provoked by disturbed Na+, K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebellar nerve endings: Roles of Ca2+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and GAT1 transporter reversal. Neurochem Int 2014; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Caricati-Neto A, Padín JF, Silva-Junior ED, Fernández-Morales JC, de Diego AMG, Jurkiewicz A, García AG. Novel features on the regulation by mitochondria of calcium and secretion transients in chromaffin cells challenged with acetylcholine at 37°C. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00182. [PMID: 24744861 PMCID: PMC3970745 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
From experiments performed at room temperature, we know that the buffering of Ca2+ by mitochondria contributes to the shaping of the bulk cytosolic calcium transient ([Ca2+]c) and secretion transients of chromaffin cells stimulated with depolarizing pulses. We also know that the mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters and the release of catecholamine are faster at 37°C with respect to room temperature. Therefore, we planned this investigation to gain further insight into the contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering to the shaping of [Ca2+]c and catecholamine release transients, using some novel experimental conditions that have not been yet explored namely: (1) perifusion of bovine chromaffin cells (BCCs) with saline at 37°C and their repeated challenging with the physiological neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh); (2) separate blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mCUP) with Ru360 or the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mNCX) with CGP37157; (3) full blockade of the mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling (mCC) by the simultaneous inhibition of the mCUP and the mNCX. Ru360 caused a pronounced delay of [Ca2+]c clearance and augmented secretion. In contrast, CGP37157 only caused a tiny delay of [Ca2+]c clearance and a mild decrease in secretion. The mCC resulting in continued Ca2+ uptake and its release back into the cytosol was interrupted by combined Ru360 + CGP37157 (Ru/CGP), the protonophore carbonyl cyanide‐p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, or combined oligomycin + rotenone (O/R); these three treatments caused a mild but sustained elevation of basal [Ca2+]c that, however, was not accompanied by a parallel increase in basal secretion. Nevertheless, all treatments caused a pronounced augmentation of ACh‐induced secretion, with minor changes of the ACh‐induced [Ca2+]c transients. Combined Ru/CGP did not alter the resting membrane potential in current‐clamped cells. Additionally, Ru/CGP did not increase basal [Ca2+]c near subplasmalemmal sites and caused a mild decrease in the size of the readily releasable vesicle pool. Our results provide new functional features in support of the view that in BCCs there are two subpopulations of mitochondria, M1 underneath the plasmalemma nearby exocytotic sites and M2 at the core cell nearby vesicle transport sites. While M1 serves to shape the ACh‐elicited exocytotic response through its efficient Ca2+ removal by the mCUP, M2 shapes the lower [Ca2+]c elevations required for new vesicle supply to the exocytotic machinery, from the large reserve vesicle pool at the cell core. The mCUP of the M1 pool seems to play a more prominent role in controlling the ACh responses, in comparison with the mNCX. Regulation by mitochondria of exocytosis at 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan-Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Edilson-Dantas Silva-Junior
- Departamento de Farmacología, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José-Carlos Fernández-Morales
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio-Miguel G de Diego
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029Madrid, Spain
| | - Aron Jurkiewicz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain ; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029Madrid, Spain ; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León, 62, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Brown DA, Sabbah HN, Shaikh SR. Mitochondrial inner membrane lipids and proteins as targets for decreasing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:258-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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New insights in mitochondrial calcium handling by sodium/calcium exchanger. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 961:203-9. [PMID: 23224881 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are now recognized as one of the main intracellular calcium-storing organelles which play a key role in the intracellular calcium signalling. Indeed, besides performing oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are able to sense and shape calcium (Ca(2+)) transients, thus controlling cytosolic Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+)-dependent protein activity. It has been well established for many years that mitochondria have a huge capacity to accumulate calcium. While the physiological significance of this pathway was hotly debated until relatively recently, it is now clear that the ability of mitochondria in calcium handling is a ubiquitous phenomenon described in every cell system in which the issue has been addressed.In this chapter, we will review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium cycling in physiological conditions with particular regard to the role played by the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger.
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Fernández-Morales JC, Arranz-Tagarro JA, Calvo-Gallardo E, Maroto M, Padín JF, García AG. Stabilizers of neuronal and mitochondrial calcium cycling as a strategy for developing a medicine for Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:873-83. [PMID: 23173068 DOI: 10.1021/cn3001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last two decades, most efforts on new drug development to treat Alzheimer's disease have been focused to inhibit the synthesis of amyloid beta (Aβ), to prevent Aβ deposition, or to clear up Aβ plaques from the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Other pathogenic mechanisms such as the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubular tau protein (that forms neurofibrillary tangles) have also been addressed as, for instance, with inhibitors of the enzyme glycogen synthase-3 kinase beta (GSK3β). However, in spite of their proven efficacy in animal models of AD, all these compounds have so far failed in clinical trials done in AD patients. It seems therefore desirable to explore new concepts and strategies in the field of drug development for AD. We analyze here our hypothesis that a trifunctional chemical entity acting on the L subtype of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (VDCCs) and on the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (MNCX), and having additional antioxidant properties, may efficiently delay or stop the death of vulnerable neurons in the brain of AD patients. In recent years, evidence has accumulated indicating that enhanced neuronal Ca(2+) cycling (NCC) and futile mitochondrial Ca(2+) cycling (MCC) are central stage in activating calpain and calcineurin, as well as the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis, leading to death of vulnerable neurons. An additional contributing factor to neuronal death is the excess free radical production linked to distortion of Ca(2+) homeostasis. We propose that an hybrid compound containing a dihydropyridine moiety (to block L channels and mitigate Ca(2+) entry) and a benzothiazepine moiety (to block the MNCX and slow down the rate of Ca(2+) efflux from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol), as well as a polyphenol moiety (to sequester excess free radicals) could break down the pathological enhanced NCC and MCC, thus delaying the initiation of apoptosis and the death of vulnerable neurons. In so doing, such a trifunctional compound could eventually become a neuroprotective medicine capable of delaying disease progression in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-Alberto Arranz-Tagarro
- Departamento de Farmacología,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio G. García
- Servicio de Farmacología
Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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22
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González-Lafuente L, Egea J, León R, Martínez-Sanz FJ, Monjas L, Perez C, Merino C, García-De Diego AM, Rodríguez-Franco MI, García AG, Villarroya M, López MG, de los Ríos C. Benzothiazepine CGP37157 and its isosteric 2'-methyl analogue provide neuroprotection and block cell calcium entry. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:519-29. [PMID: 22860221 DOI: 10.1021/cn300009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazepine CGP37157 is widely used as tool to explore the role of mitochondria in cell Ca(2+) handling, by its blocking effect of the mitochondria Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Recently, CGP37157 has shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties. In the trend to improve its neuroprotection profile, we have synthesized ITH12505, an isosteric analogue having a methyl instead of chlorine at C2' of the phenyl ring. ITH12505 has exerted neuroprotective properties similar to CGP37157 in chromaffin cells and hippocampal slices stressed with veratridine. Also, both compounds afforded neuroprotection in hippocampal slices stressed with glutamate. However, while ITH12505 elicited protection in SH-SY5Y cells stressed with oligomycin A/rotenone, CGP37157 was ineffective. In hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation, ITH12505 offered protection at 3-30 μM, while CGP37157 only protected at 30 μM. Both compounds caused blockade of Ca(2+) channels in high K(+)-depolarized SH-SY5Y cells. An in vitro experiment for assaying central nervous system penetration (PAMPA-BBB; parallel artificial membrane permeability assay for blood-brain barrier) revealed that both compounds could cross the blood-brain barrier, thus reaching their biological targets in the central nervous system. In conclusion, by causing a mild isosteric replacement in the benzothiazepine CGP37157, we have obtained ITH12505, with improved neuroprotective properties. These findings may inspire the design and synthesis of new benzothiazepines targeting mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger and L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, having antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Lafuente
- Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León,
62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León,
62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León,
62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Martínez-Sanz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Monjas
- Instituto de Química Médica
(IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Perez
- Instituto de Química Médica
(IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Merino
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio M. García-De Diego
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I. Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto de Química Médica
(IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León,
62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villarroya
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario La Paz-IDIPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León,
62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando
and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Smith RAJ, Hartley RC, Cochemé HM, Murphy MP. Mitochondrial pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:341-52. [PMID: 22521106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are being recognized as key factors in many unexpected areas of biomedical science. In addition to their well-known roles in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism, it is now clear that mitochondria are also central to cell death, neoplasia, cell differentiation, the innate immune system, oxygen and hypoxia sensing, and calcium metabolism. Disruption to these processes contributes to a range of human pathologies, making mitochondria a potentially important, but currently seemingly neglected, therapeutic target. Mitochondrial dysfunction is often associated with oxidative damage, calcium dyshomeostasis, defective ATP synthesis, or induction of the permeability transition pore. Consequently, therapies designed to prevent these types of damage are beneficial and can be used to treat many diverse and apparently unrelated indications. Here we outline the biological properties that make mitochondria important determinants of health and disease, and describe the pharmacological strategies being developed to address mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hong Q, Qi K, Feng Z, Huang Z, Cui S, Wang L, Fu B, Ding R, Yang J, Chen X, Wu D. Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction via mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-mediated mitochondrial calcium overload. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:402-10. [PMID: 22361139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) has proven to be a causal agent in endothelial dysfunction in which ROS production plays an important role. Calcium overload in mitochondria can promote the mitochondrial production of ROS. We hypothesize that calcium transduction in mitochondria contributes to UA-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We first demonstrated that high concentrations of UA cause endothelial dysfunction, marked by a reduction in eNOS protein expression and NO release in vitro. We further found that a high concentration of UA increased levels of [Ca2+]mito, total intracellular ROS, H2O2, and mitochondrial O2·-, and Δψmito but not the [Ca2+]cyt level. When the mitochondrial calcium channels NCXmito and MCU were blocked by CGP-37157 and Ru360, respectively, the UA-induced increases in the levels of [Ca2+]mito and total intracellular ROS were significantly reduced. Mitochondrial levels of O2·- and Δψmito were reduced by inhibition of NCXmito but not of MCU. Moreover, inhibition of NCXmito, but not of MCU, blocked the UA-induced reductions in eNOS protein expression and NO release. CONCLUSIONS The increased generation of mitochondrial O2·- induced by a high concentration of UA is triggered by mitochondrial calcium overload and ultimately leads to endothelial dysfunction. In this process, the activation of NCXmito is the major cause of the influx of calcium into mitochondria. Our results provide a new pathophysiological mechanism for UA-induced endothelial dysfunction and may offer a new therapeutic target for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 2011DAV00088, Beijing 100853, PR China
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25
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Romei C, Di Prisco S, Raiteri M, Raiteri L. Glycine release provoked by disturbed Na+, K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebellar nerve endings: roles of Ca2+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and GlyT2 transporter reversal. J Neurochem 2011; 119:50-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, a new target for neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:140-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Luccini E, Romei C, Di Prisco S, Raiteri M, Raiteri L. Ionic dysregulations typical of ischemia provoke release of glycine and GABA by multiple mechanisms. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1074-84. [PMID: 20524963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy deprivation during ischemia causes dysregulations of ions, particularly sodium, potassium and calcium. Under these conditions, release of neurotransmitters is often enhanced and can occur by multiple mechanisms. The aim of this work was to characterize the modes of exit of glycine and GABA from nerve endings exposed to stimuli known to reproduce some of the ionic changes typical of ischemic conditions. Their approach was chosen instead of application of ischemic conditions because the release evoked during ischemia is mechanistically too heterogeneous. Mouse hippocampus and spinal cord synaptosomes, pre-labeled with [(3)H]glycine or [(3)H]GABA, were exposed in superfusion to 50 mM KCl or to 10 microM veratridine. The evoked overflows differed greatly between the two transmitters and between the two regions examined. Significant portions of the K(+)- and the veratridine-evoked overflows occurred by classical exocytosis. Carrier-mediated release of GABA, but not of glycine, was evoked by high K(+); GABA and, less so, glycine were released through transporter reversal by veratridine. External calcium-dependent overflows were only in part sensitive to omega-conotoxins; significant portions occurred following reversal of the plasmalemmal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Finally, a relevant contribution to the overall transmitter overflows came from cytosolic calcium originating through the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. To conclude, ionic dysregulations typical of ischemia cause neurotransmitter release by heterogeneous mechanisms that differ depending on the transmitters and the CNS regions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Luccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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