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Understanding complex dynamics of behavioral, neurochemical and transcriptomic changes induced by prolonged chronic unpredictable stress in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19981. [PMID: 33203921 PMCID: PMC7673038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders are widespread, debilitating and often treatment-resistant illnesses that represent an urgent unmet biomedical problem. Animal models of these disorders are widely used to study stress pathogenesis. A more recent and historically less utilized model organism, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), is a valuable tool in stress neuroscience research. Utilizing the 5-week chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model, here we examined brain transcriptomic profiles and complex dynamic behavioral stress responses, as well as neurochemical alterations in adult zebrafish and their correction by chronic antidepressant, fluoxetine, treatment. Overall, CUS induced complex neurochemical and behavioral alterations in zebrafish, including stable anxiety-like behaviors and serotonin metabolism deficits. Chronic fluoxetine (0.1 mg/L for 11 days) rescued most of the observed behavioral and neurochemical responses. Finally, whole-genome brain transcriptomic analyses revealed altered expression of various CNS genes (partially rescued by chronic fluoxetine), including inflammation-, ubiquitin- and arrestin-related genes. Collectively, this supports zebrafish as a valuable translational tool to study stress-related pathogenesis, whose anxiety and serotonergic deficits parallel rodent and clinical studies, and genomic analyses implicate neuroinflammation, structural neuronal remodeling and arrestin/ubiquitin pathways in both stress pathogenesis and its potential therapy.
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Luessen DJ, Sun H, McGinnis MM, Hagstrom M, Marrs G, McCool BA, Chen R. Acute ethanol exposure reduces serotonin receptor 1A internalization by increasing ubiquitination and degradation of β-arrestin2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14068-14080. [PMID: 31366729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute alcohol exposure alters the trafficking and function of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are associated with aberrant behavioral responses to alcohol. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced changes in GPCR function remain unclear. β-Arrestin is a key player involved in the regulation of GPCR internalization and thus controls the magnitude and duration of GPCR signaling. Although β-arrestin levels are influenced by various drugs of abuse, the effect of alcohol exposure on β-arrestin expression and β-arrestin-mediated GPCR trafficking is poorly understood. Here, we found that acute ethanol exposure increases β-arrestin2 degradation via its increased ubiquitination in neuroblastoma-2a (N2A) cells and rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). β-Arrestin2 ubiquitination was likely mediated by the E3 ligase MDM2 homolog (MDM2), indicated by an increased coupling between β-arrestin2 and MDM2 in response to acute ethanol exposure in both N2A cells and rat PFC homogenates. Importantly, ethanol-induced β-arrestin2 reduction was reversed by siRNA-mediated MDM2 knockdown or proteasome inhibition in N2A cells, suggesting β-arrestin2 degradation is mediated by MDM2 through the proteasomal pathway. Using serotonin 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1ARs) as a model receptor system, we found that ethanol dose-dependently inhibits 5-HT1AR internalization and that MDM2 knockdown reverses this effect. Moreover, ethanol both reduced β-arrestin2 levels and delayed agonist-induced β-arrestin2 recruitment to the membrane. We conclude that β-arrestin2 dysregulation by ethanol impairs 5-HT1AR trafficking. Our findings reveal a critical molecular mechanism underlying ethanol-induced alterations in GPCR internalization and implicate β-arrestin as a potential player mediating behavioral responses to acute alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Haiguo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Molly M McGinnis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Michael Hagstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Glen Marrs
- Center for Molecular Signaling, Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106
| | - Brian A McCool
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157 .,Center for Molecular Signaling, Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27106.,Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157
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3
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Smith K, Nayyar S, Rana T, Archibong AE, Looney KR, Nayyar T. Do Progestin-Only Contraceptives Contribute to the Risk of Developing Depression as Implied by Beta-Arrestin 1 Levels in Leukocytes? A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1966. [PMID: 30205587 PMCID: PMC6163405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We reported previously that reduction in beta-arrestin 1 (β-AR 1) protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in reproductive women. In this pilot study, we used β-AR 1 protein levels in PBMC as a marker for developing depressive symptoms and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores to assess potential mood-related side effects of oral contraceptive use for routine birth control among women. We evaluated 29 women in this study. We enrolled the participants in three groups: Estrogen-progestin combination-oral contraceptives (COC, n = 10), progestin-only contraceptives (POC, n = 12), and non-hormonal or no contraceptives (NC, n = 7). We determined the β-AR 1 protein levels in PBMCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that women in the POC group had significantly higher HAM-D scores compared to those in the COC (p < 0.0004) and NC (p < 0.004). The levels of β-AR 1 protein were significantly attenuated in women in the POC group compared to women in the NC group (p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that the use of POC is a potential risk factor for developing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Sanket Nayyar
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Tanu Rana
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Anthony E Archibong
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Kimberly R Looney
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
| | - Tultul Nayyar
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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Petit AC, El Asmar K, David DJ, Gardier AM, Becquemont L, Fève B, Verstuyft C, Corruble E. The association of β-arrestin2 polymorphisms with response to antidepressant treatment in depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:74-79. [PMID: 29031912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of genetic polymorphisms involved in antidepressants (AD) response is essential to provide a personalized medicine approach in the field of depression. β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is a candidate gene in the pharmacogenetics of AD as it is involved in the signaling cascade downstream of numerous neurotransmitter receptors. We investigated the association between five ARRB2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1045280, rs2036657, rs4790694, rs3786047 and rs452246, and response to AD treatment in a sample of 569 patients with a major depressive episode treated for 6months. We show that GG/GT patients for rs4522461 (n=534) and AA/AC patients for rs4790694 (n=244) have a lower response to AD than other genotype groups (HDRS score of 10.9 vs 8.0 after 6months, multivariate analysis: p=0.03; 12.2 vs 9.6, p=0.02, respectively). These data provide additional evidence that β-arrestin 2 is a regulator of intracellular signal transduction processes involved in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Petit
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Denis J David
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alain M Gardier
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Centre de Recherche Clinique Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Universities, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 6, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- CESP/UMR-S1178, Equipe "Dépression et Antidépresseurs", Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Gavioli EC, Holanda VAD, Ruzza C. NOP Ligands for the Treatment of Anxiety and Mood Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 254:233-257. [PMID: 30535941 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies point toward the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP) as targets for the development of innovative drugs for treating anxiety- and mood-related disorders. Evidence supports the view that the activation of NOP receptors with agonists elicits anxiolytic-like effects, while its blockade with NOP antagonists promotes antidepressant-like actions in rodents. Genetic studies showed that NOP receptor knockout mice display an antidepressant-like phenotype, and NOP antagonists are inactive in these animals. In contrast, the genetic blockade of NOP receptor signaling generally displays an increase of anxiety states in the elevated plus-maze test. In this chapter we summarized the most relevant findings of NOP receptor ligands in the modulation of anxiety and mood disorders, and the putative mechanisms of action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Gavioli
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Victor A D Holanda
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Amanullah A, Upadhyay A, Joshi V, Mishra R, Jana NR, Mishra A. Progressing neurobiological strategies against proteostasis failure: Challenges in neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 159:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. LPA1 Mediates Antidepressant-Induced ERK1/2 Signaling and Protection from Oxidative Stress in Glial Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:340-353. [PMID: 27605627 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants have been shown to affect glial cell functions and intracellular signaling through mechanisms that are still not completely understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that in glial cells the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA1 mediates antidepressant-induced growth factor receptor transactivation, ERK1/2 signaling, and protection from oxidative stress. Thus, in C6 glioma cells and rat cortical astrocytes, ERK1/2 activation induced by either amitriptyline or mianserin was antagonized by Ki16425 and VPC 12249 (S), which block LPA1 and LPA3 receptors, and by AM966, which selectively blocks LPA1 Cell depletion of LPA1 with siRNA treatment markedly reduced antidepressant- and LPA-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. LPA1 blockade prevented antidepressant-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and Elk-1. Antidepressants and LPA signaling to ERK1/2 was abrogated by cell treatment with pertussis toxin and by the inhibition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGF-R) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) tyrosine kinases. Both Ki16425 and AM966 suppressed antidepressant-induced phosphorylation of FGF-R. Moreover, blockade of LPA1 or inhibition of FGF-R and PDGF-R activities prevented antidepressant-stimulated Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylations. Mianserin protected C6 glioma cells and astrocytes from apoptotic cell death induced by H2O2, as indicated by increased cell viability, decreased expression of cleaved caspase 3, reduced cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase and inhibition of DNA fragmentation. The protective effects of mianserin were antagonized by AM966. These data indicate that LPA1 constitutes a novel molecular target of the regulatory actions of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy (M.C.O., S.D., P.O.)
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8
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Asth L, Ruzza C, Malfacini D, Medeiros I, Guerrini R, Zaveri NT, Gavioli EC, Calo' G. Beta-arrestin 2 rather than G protein efficacy determines the anxiolytic-versus antidepressant-like effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligands. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:434-442. [PMID: 26867504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP) agonists produce anxiolytic-like effects in rodents while antagonists promote antidepressant-like effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on anxiety and depression of NOP receptor partial agonists such as the peptides [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 and UFP-113 and the non-peptide AT-090. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro AT-090, UFP-113, and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 were tested for their ability to promote NOP/G-protein and NOP/β-arrestin 2 interaction, using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay. In vivo, they were tested in mice in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and in the forced swim (FST) tests. NOP partial agonists effects were systematically compared to those of full agonists (N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570) and antagonists (UFP-101 and SB-612111). KEY RESULTS In vitro, AT-090, UFP-113, and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 promoted NOP/G protein interaction, with maximal effects lower than those evoked by N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570. AT-090 behaved as a NOP partial agonist also in inducing β-arrestin 2 recruitment, while UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 were inactive in this assay. In vivo, AT-090 induced anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM but was inactive in the FST. Opposite results were obtained with UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NOP ligands producing similar effects on NOP/G protein interaction (partial agonism) but showing different effects on β-arrestin 2 recruitment (partial agonism vs antagonism) elicited different actions on anxiety and mood. These results suggest that the action of a NOP ligand on emotional states is better predicted based on its β-arrestin 2 rather than G-protein efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Asth
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - C Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - D Malfacini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Medeiros
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - R Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - N T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC., 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States
| | - E C Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - G Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Beta-Arrestin1 Levels in Mononuclear Leukocytes Support Depression Scores for Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010043. [PMID: 26703643 PMCID: PMC4730434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is very common in reproductive women particularly with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Beta-arrestins were previously implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment for mood disorders. This study examined whether a measurement for beta-arrestin1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC), could aid to distinguish between PMDD and PMS. Study participants (n = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18-42 years of age with the symptoms of PMS/PMDD, but not taking any antidepressants/therapy and at the luteal phase of menstruation. The levels of beta-arrestin1 protein in the PBMCs were determined by ELISA using human beta-arrestin1 kit. The beta-arrestin1 levels were compared with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores among these women. The magnitude of the different parameters for Axis 1 mental disorders were significantly higher and beta arrestin1 protein levels in PBMCs were significantly lower in women with PMDD as compared to PMS women. The reduction in beta arrestin1 protein levels was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Beta-arrestin1 measurements in women may potentially serve for biochemical diagnostic purposes for PMDD and might be useful as evidence-based support for questionnaires.
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Abstract
Non-visual arrestins were initially appreciated for the roles they play in the negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptors through the processes of desensitisation and endocytosis. The arrestins are also now known as protein scaffolding platforms that act downstream of multiple types of receptors, ensuring relevant transmission of information for an appropriate cellular response. They function as regulatory hubs in several important signalling pathways that are often dysregulated in human cancers. Interestingly, several recent studies have documented changes in expression and localisation of arrestins that occur during cancer progression and that correlate with clinical outcome. Here, we discuss these advances and how changes in expression/localisation may affect functional outputs of arrestins in cancer biology.
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Cannabidiol enhances xenobiotic permeability through the human placental barrier by direct inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein: an ex vivo study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:573.e1-573.e15. [PMID: 23933222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drugs of abuse affect pregnancy outcomes, however, the mechanisms in which cannabis exerts its effects are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of short-term (1-2 hours) exposure to cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, on human placental breast cancer resistance protein function. STUDY DESIGN The in vitro effect of short-term exposure to cannabidoil on breast cancer resistance protein in BeWo and Jar cells (MCF7/P-gp cells were used for comparison) was tested with mitoxantrone uptake, and nicardipine was used as positive control. The ex vivo perfused cotyledon system was used for testing the effect of cannabidoil on glyburide transport across the placenta. Glyburide (200 ng/mL) was introduced to maternal and fetal compartments through a recirculating 2 hour perfusion, and its transplacental transport was tested with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) cannabidoil. RESULTS (1) Cannabidoil inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein-dependent mitoxantrone efflux was concentration dependent and of a noncell type specific nature (P < .0001); (2) In the cotyledon perfusion assay, the administration of cannabidoil to the maternal perfusion media increased the female/male ratio of glyburide concentrations (1.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 at 120 minutes of perfusion, P < .001). CONCLUSION (1) Placental breast cancer resistance protein function is inhibited following even a short-term exposure to cannabidoil; (2) the ex vivo perfusion assay emphasize this effect by increased placental penetration of glyburide to the fetal compartment; and (3) these findings suggest that marijuana consumption enhances placental barrier permeability to xenobiotics and could endanger the developing fetus. Thus, the safety of drugs that are breast cancer resistance protein substrates is questionable during cannabis consumption by pregnant women.
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Mendez-David I, El-Ali Z, Hen R, Falissard B, Corruble E, Gardier AM, Kerdine-Römer S, David DJ. A method for biomarker measurements in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from anxious and depressed mice: β-arrestin 1 protein levels in depression and treatment. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:124. [PMID: 24133448 PMCID: PMC3783835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of biomarkers in the central and peripheral systems which are known may be useful for diagnosing major depressive disorders and predicting the effectiveness of antidepressant (AD) treatments. Since 60% of depressed patients do not respond adequately to medication or are resistant to ADs, it is imperative to delineate more accurate biomarkers. Recent clinical studies suggest that β-arrestin 1 levels in human mononuclear leukocytes may be an efficient biomarker. If potential biomarkers such as β-arrestin 1 could be assessed from a source such as peripheral blood cells, then they could be easily monitored and used to predict therapeutic responses. However, no previous studies have measured β-arrestin 1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in anxious/depressive rodents. This study aimed to develop a method to detect β-arrestin protein levels through immunoblot analyses of mouse PBMCs isolated from whole blood. In order to validate the approach, β-arrestin levels were then compared in na\"{\i}ve, anxious/depressed mice, and anxious/depressed mice treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, 18~mg/kg/day in the drinking water). The results demonstrated that mouse whole blood collected by submandibular bleeding permitted isolation of enough PBMCs to assess circulating proteins such as β-arrestin 1. β-Arrestin 1 levels were successfully measured in healthy human subject and na\"{\i}ve mouse PBMCs. Interestingly, PBMCs from anxious/depressed mice showed significantly reduced β-arrestin 1 levels. These decreased β-arrestin 1 expression levels were restored to normal levels with chronic fluoxetine treatment. The results suggest that isolation of PBMCs from mice by submandibular bleeding is a useful technique to screen putative biomarkers of the pathophysiology of mood disorders and the response to ADs. In addition, these results confirm that β-arrestin 1 is a potential biomarker for depression.
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13
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Feinshtein V, Erez O, Ben-Zvi Z, Erez N, Eshkoli T, Sheizaf B, Sheiner E, Huleihel M, Holcberg G. Cannabidiol changes P-gp and BCRP expression in trophoblast cell lines. PeerJ 2013; 1:e153. [PMID: 24058883 PMCID: PMC3775628 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy. Due to high lipophilicity, cannabinoids can easily penetrate physiological barriers like the human placenta and jeopardize the developing fetus. We evaluated the impact of cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) expression, and P-gp function in a placental model, BeWo and Jar choriocarcinoma cell lines (using P-gp induced MCF7 cells (MCF7/P-gp) for comparison). Study design. Following the establishment of the basal expression of these transporters in the membrane fraction of all three cell lines, P-gp and BCRP protein and mRNA levels were determined following chronic (24-72 h) exposure to CBD, by Western Blot and qPCR. CBD impact on P-gp efflux function was examined by uptake of specific P-gp fluorescent substrates (calcein-AM, DiOC2(3) and rhodamine123(rh123)). Cyclosporine A (CsA) served as a positive control. Results. Chronic exposure to CBD resulted in significant changes in the protein and mRNA levels of both transporters. While P-gp was down-regulated, BCRP levels were up-regulated in the choriocarcinoma cell lines. CBD had a remarkably different influence on P-gp and BCRP expression in MCF7/P-gp cells, demonstrating that these are cell type specific effects. P-gp dependent efflux (of calcein, DiOC2(3) and rh123) was inhibited upon short-term exposure to CBD. Conclusions. Our study shows that CBD might alter P-gp and BCRP expression in the human placenta, and inhibit P-gp efflux function. We conclude that marijuana use during pregnancy may reduce placental protective functions and change its morphological and physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Feinshtein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Israel
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Antidepressant-induced differential ubiquitination of β-arrestins 1 and 2 in mononuclear leucocytes of patients with depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1745-54. [PMID: 23672745 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins 1 and 2, cytosolic proteins known to mediate receptor desensitization, endocytosis and G protein-independent signalling, are post-translationally modified by ubiquitination regulating their ability to serve as adaptors and scaffolds. β-Arrestins were suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and in antidepressant mechanism of action. To determine whether a depressive episode or antidepressant treatment induce significant selective differences in β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels or their ubiquitination patterns in leucocytes of patients with depression, 46 outpatients diagnosed with a depressive episode were examined before and after 4-wk antidepressant treatment compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects. β-Arrestin levels were measured by immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Ubiquitination of β-arrestins was measured using anti-ubiquitin antibodies followed by an immunoprecipitation step and immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Antidepressants induced selective alterations in leucocyte β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and ubiquitination. The levels of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and their ubiquitinated forms in leucocytes of yet untreated patients with depression were significantly decreased in a symptom severity correlated manner compared to control subjects. Antidepressants normalized β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and uncovered novel differences between the two isoforms: (a) while antidepressants normalized ubiquitination of β-arrestin 1, ubiquination of β-arrestin 2 was unaffected; (b) while under antidepressants ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 1 positively correlated with its level, an inverse picture of negative correlation was found between ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 2 and its level. We conclude that antidepressants may serve as a tool to detect functional differences between the two β-arrestin isoforms and that through these differential effects antidepressants can induce specific alterations in alternative cellular signalling.
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15
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Soibam B, Shah S, Gunaratne GH, Roman GW. Modeling novelty habituation during exploratory activity in Drosophila. Behav Processes 2013; 97:63-75. [PMID: 23597866 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Habituation is a common form of non-associative learning in which the organism gradually decreases its response to repeated stimuli. The decrease in exploratory activity of many animal species during exposure to a novel open field arena is a widely studied habituation paradigm. However, a theoretical framework to quantify how the novelty of the arena is learned during habituation is currently missing. Drosophila melanogaster display a high mean absolute activity and a high probability for directional persistence when first introduced to a novel arena. Both measures decrease during habituation to the arena. Here, we propose a phenomenological model of habituation for Drosophila exploration based on two principles: Drosophila form a spatial representation of the arena edge as a set of connected local patches, and repeated exposure to these patches is essential for the habituation of the novelty. The level of exposure depends on the number of visitations and is quantified by a variable referred to as "coverage". This model was tested by comparing predictions against the experimentally measured behavior of wild type Drosophila. The novelty habituation of wild type Canton-S depends on coverage and is specifically independent of the arena radius. Our model describes the time dependent locomotor activity, ΔD, of Canton-S using an experimentally established stochastic process Pn(ΔD), which depends on the coverage. The quantitative measures of exploration and habituation were further applied to three mutant genotypes. Consistent with a requirement for vision in novelty habituation, blind no receptor potential A(7) mutants display a failure in the decay of probability for directional persistence and mean absolute activity. The rutabaga(2080) habituation mutant also shows defects in these measures. The kurtz(1) non-visual arrestin mutant demonstrates a rapid decay in these measures, implying reduced motivation. The model and the habituation measures offer a powerful framework for understanding mechanisms associated with open field habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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16
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Jakobs D, Hage-Hülsmann A, Prenner L, Kolb C, Weiser D, Häberlein H. Downregulation of β1 -adrenergic receptors in rat C6 glioblastoma cells by hyperforin and hyperoside from St John's wort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:907-15. [PMID: 23647684 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While the use of St John's wort extracts as treatment for mild to moderate depression is well established the mode of action is still under investigation. Individual constituents of St John's wort extract were tested for possible effects on the β1 AR density and a subsequent change in downstream signalling in rat C6 glioblastoma cells. METHODS The effect of compounds from St John's wort extract on the downregulation of β1 -adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins (β1 AR-green fluorescent protein (GFP)) of transfected rat C6 gliobastoma cells (C6-β1 AR-GFP) was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The influence on the lateral mobility of β1 AR-GFP in C6-β1 AR-GFP was investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The formation of second messenger was determined by c-AMP-assay. KEY FINDINGS Confocal LSM revealed that pretreatment of cells with 1 μm of hyperforin and hyperoside for 6 days, respectively, led to an internalization of β1 AR-GFP under non-stimulating conditions. Observation by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy showed two diffusion time constants for control cells, with τdiff1 = 0.78 ± 0.18 ms and τdiff2 = 122.53 ± 69.41 ms, similarly distributed. Pretreatment with 1 μm hyperforin or 1 μm hyperoside for 3 days did not alter the τdiff values but decreased the fraction of τdiff1 whereas the fraction of τdiff2 increased significantly. An elevated level of β1 AR-GFP with hindered lateral mobility was in line with β1 AR-GFP internalization induced by hyperforin and hyperoside, respectively. A reduced β1 -adrenergic responsiveness was assumed for C6 gliobastoma cells after pretreatment for 6 days with 1 μm of both hyperforin and hyperoside, which was confirmed by decreased cAMP formation of about 10% and 5% under non-stimulating conditions. Decrease in cAMP formation by 23% for hyperforin and 15% for hyperoside was more pronounced after stimulation with 10 μm dobutamine for 30 min. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of C6 gliobastoma cells with hyperforin and hyperoside results in a reduced β1 AR density in the plasma membrane and a subsequent reduced downstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jakobs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Golan M, Schreiber G, Avissar S. Antidepressants elevate GDNF expression and release from C₆ glioma cells in a β-arrestin1-dependent, CREB interactive pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:1289-300. [PMID: 21223624 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145710001550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), essential for neuronal survival, plasticity and development, has been implicated in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs (ADs). β-arrestin1, a member of the arrestin protein family, was found to play a role in AD mechanism of action. The present study aimed at evaluating whether the effect of ADs on GDNF in C6 rat glioma cells is exerted through a β-arrestin1-dependent, CREB-interactive pathway. For chronic treatment, C6 rat glioma cells were treated for 3 d with different classes of ADs: imipramine - a non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor, citalopram - a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or desipramine - a norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor (NSRI) and compared to mood stabilizers (lithium and valproic acid) or to the antipsychotic haloperidol. Only ADs significantly elevated β-arrestin1 levels in the cytosol, while reducing phospho-β-arrestin1 levels in the cell nuclear fraction. ADs significantly increased both GDNF expression and release from the cells, but were unable to induce such effects in β-arrestin1 knock-down cells. Chronic AD treatment significantly increased CREB phosphorylation without altering the level of total CREB in the nuclear fraction of the cells. Moreover, treatment with ADs significantly increased β-arrestin1/CREB interaction. These findings support the involvement of β-arrestin1 in the mechanism of action of ADs. We suggest that following AD treatment, β-arrestin1 generates a transcription complex involving CREB essential for GDNF expression and release, thus enhancing GDNF's neuroprotective action that promotes cellular survival and plasticity when the survival and function of neurons is compromised as occurs in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Golan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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18
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Anacker C, Zunszain PA, Cattaneo A, Carvalho LA, Garabedian MJ, Thuret S, Price J, Pariante CM. Antidepressants increase human hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:738-50. [PMID: 21483429 PMCID: PMC3121947 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis in animal models, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we used human hippocampal progenitor cells to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the antidepressant-induced modulation of neurogenesis. Because our previous studies have shown that antidepressants regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function, we specifically tested whether the GR may be involved in the effects of these drugs on neurogenesis. We found that treatment (for 3-10 days) with the antidepressant, sertraline, increased neuronal differentiation via a GR-dependent mechanism. Specifically, sertraline increased both immature, doublecortin (Dcx)-positive neuroblasts (+16%) and mature, microtubulin-associated protein-2 (MAP2)-positive neurons (+26%). This effect was abolished by the GR-antagonist, RU486. Interestingly, progenitor cell proliferation, as investigated by 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, was only increased when cells were co-treated with sertraline and the GR-agonist, dexamethasone, (+14%) an effect which was also abolished by RU486. Furthermore, the phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4)-inhibitor, rolipram, enhanced the effects of sertraline, whereas the protein kinase A (PKA)-inhibitor, H89, suppressed the effects of sertraline. Indeed, sertraline increased GR transactivation, modified GR phosphorylation and increased expression of the GR-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) inhibitors, p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2). In conclusion, our data suggest that the antidepressant, sertraline, increases human hippocampal neurogenesis via a GR-dependent mechanism that requires PKA signaling, GR phosphorylation and activation of a specific set of genes. Our data point toward an important role for the GR in the antidepressant-induced modulation of neurogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anacker
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry and Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology (SPI-lab), Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research ‘Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health', Institute of Psychiatry and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour (CCBB), London, UK
| | - P A Zunszain
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry and Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology (SPI-lab), Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Cattaneo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry and Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology (SPI-lab), Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - L A Carvalho
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry and Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology (SPI-lab), Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - M J Garabedian
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour (CCBB), London, UK
| | - J Price
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour (CCBB), London, UK
| | - C M Pariante
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Perinatal Psychiatry and Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology (SPI-lab), Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research ‘Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health', Institute of Psychiatry and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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