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Socała K, Jakubiec M, Abram M, Mlost J, Starowicz K, Kamiński RM, Ciepiela K, Andres-Mach M, Zagaja M, Metcalf CS, Zawadzki P, Wlaź P, Kamiński K. TRPV1 channel in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its potential as a molecular target for the development of new antiseizure drug candidates. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 240:102634. [PMID: 38834133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as capsaicin receptor, in 1997 was a milestone achievement in the research on temperature sensation and pain signalling. Very soon after it became evident that TRPV1 is implicated in a wide array of physiological processes in different peripheral tissues, as well as in the central nervous system, and thereby could be involved in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of TRPV1 may also affect seizure susceptibility and epilepsy. This channel is localized in brain regions associated with seizures and epilepsy, and its overexpression was found both in animal models of seizures and in brain samples from epileptic patients. Moreover, modulation of TRPV1 on non-neuronal cells (microglia, astrocytes, and/or peripheral immune cells) may have an impact on the neuroinflammatory processes that play a role in epilepsy and epileptogenesis. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview of currently available data on TRPV1 as a possible molecular target for epilepsy management, trying to identify research gaps and future directions. Overall, several converging lines of evidence implicate TRPV1 channel as a potentially attractive target in epilepsy research but more studies are needed to exploit the possible role of TRPV1 in seizures/epilepsy and to evaluate the value of TRPV1 ligands as candidates for new antiseizure drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Cracow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - Rafał M Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciepiela
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland; Selvita S.A., Bobrzyńskiego 14, Cracow PL 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin PL 20-090, Poland
| | - Cameron S Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Przemysław Zawadzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin PL 20-033, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Cracow PL 30-688, Poland
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2
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Maximiano TKE, Carneiro JA, Fattori V, Verri WA. TRPV1: Receptor structure, activation, modulation and role in neuro-immune interactions and pain. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102870. [PMID: 38531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the identification of a non-selective ion channel, especially responsive to capsaicin, revolutionized the studies of somatosensation and pain that were to follow. The TRPV1 channel is expressed mainly in neuronal cells, more specifically, in sensory neurons responsible for the perception of noxious stimuli. However, its presence has also been detected in other non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, β- pancreatic cells, muscle cells and adipocytes. Activation of the channel occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, such as noxious heat, low pH, gasses, toxins, endocannabinoids, lipid-derived endovanilloid, and chemical agents, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. This activation results in an influx of cations through the channel pore, especially calcium. Intracellular calcium triggers different responses in sensory neurons. Dephosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel leads to its desensitization, which disrupts its function, while its phosphorylation increases the channel's sensitization and contributes to the channel's rehabilitation after desensitization. Kinases, phosphoinositides, and calmodulin are the main signaling pathways responsible for the channel's regulation. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of TRPV1 discovery, its tissue expression as well as on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation (directly or indirectly) induces pain in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Kawane Euflazio Maximiano
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, 300 Longwood Ave, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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3
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Zhu K, Wang L, Liao T, Li W, Zhou J, You Y, Shi J. Progress in the development of TRPV1 small-molecule antagonists: Novel Strategies for pain management. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115806. [PMID: 37713804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are widely distributed in sensory nerve endings, the central nervous system, and other tissues, functioning as ion channel proteins responsive to thermal pain and chemical stimuli. In recent years, the TRPV1 receptor has garnered significant interest as a potential therapeutic approach for various pain-related disorders, particularly TRPV1 antagonists. The present review offers a comprehensive, systematic exploration of both first- and second-generation TRPV1 antagonists in the context of pain management. Antagonists are categorized and explicated according to their structural characteristics. Detailed examination of binding modes, structural features, and pharmacological activities, alongside a critical appraisal of the advantages and limitations inherent to typical compounds within each structural category, are undertaken. Detailed discussions of the binding modes, structural features, pharmacological activities, advantages, and limitations of typical compounds within each structural category offer valuable insights and guidance for the future research and development of safer, more effective, and more targeted TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - TingTing Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Ngoc KH, Kecskés A, Kepe E, Nabi L, Keeble J, Borbély É, Helyes Z. Expression of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 ion channel in the supramammillary nucleus and the antidepressant effects of its antagonist AMG9810 in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 73:96-107. [PMID: 37156112 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) non-selective cation channel predominantly expressed in primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia mediates pain and neurogenic inflammation. TRPV1 mRNA and immunoreactivity were described in the central nervous system (CNS), but its precise expression pattern and function have not been clarified. Here we investigated Trpv1 mRNA expression in the mouse brain using ultrasensitive RNAScope in situ hybridization. The role of TRPV1 in anxiety, depression-like behaviors and memory functions was investigated by TRPV1-deficient mice and pharmacological antagonism by AMG9810. Trpv1 mRNA is selectively expressed in the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) co-localized with Vglut2 mRNA, but not with tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositivity demonstrating its presence in glutamatergic, but not dopaminergic neurons. TRPV1-deleted mice exhibited significantly reduced anxiety in the Light-Dark box and depression-like behaviors in the Forced Swim Test, but their performance in the Elevated Plus Maze as well as their spontaneous locomotor activity, memory and learning function in the Radial Arm Maze, Y-maze and Novel Object Recognition test were not different from WTs. AMG9810 (intraperitoneal injection 50 mg/kg) induced anti-depressant, but not anxiolytic effects. It is concluded that TRPV1 in the SuM might have functional relevance in mood regulation and TRPV1 antagonism could be a novel perspective for anti-depressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Huynh Ngoc
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kepe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Liza Nabi
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Keeble
- King's College London, Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary.
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5
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Andrei C, Zanfirescu A, Nițulescu GM, Olaru OT, Negreș S. Natural Active Ingredients and TRPV1 Modulation: Focus on Key Chemical Moieties Involved in Ligand-Target Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:339. [PMID: 36679051 PMCID: PMC9860573 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases such as cancer, neurological pathologies and chronic pain represent currently unmet needs. The existing pharmacotherapeutic options available for treating these conditions are limited by lack of efficiency and/or side effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ion channel emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for developing new analgesic, anti-cancer and antiepileptic agents. Furthermore, various natural ingredients were shown to have affinity for this receptor. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the diverse natural scaffolds of TRPV1 modulators based on their agonistic/antagonistic properties and to analyze the structure-activity relationships between the ligands and molecular targets based on the results of the existing molecular docking, mutagenesis and in vitro studies. We present here an exhaustive collection of TRPV1 modulators grouped by relevant chemical features: vanilloids, guaiacols, phenols, alkylbenzenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, etc. The information herein is useful for understanding the key structural elements mediating the interaction with TRPV1 and how their structural variation impacts the interaction between the ligand and receptor. We hope this data will contribute to the design of novel effective and safe TRPV1 modulators, to help overcome the lack of effective therapeutic agents against pathologies with high morbidity and mortality.
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Wang X, Bao C, Li Z, Yue L, Hu L. Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042387. [PMID: 35206575 PMCID: PMC8872563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications. Combining nonopioid analgesics with opioids to target multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway may alleviate the side effects of opioids. This study reviews the feasibility of reducing opioid side effects by regulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors and summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms. Blocking and activating TRPV1 receptors can improve the therapeutic profile of opioids in different manners. TRPV1 and μ-opioid receptors are bidirectionally regulated by β-arrestin2. Thus, drug combinations or developing dual-acting drugs simultaneously targeting μ-opioid and TRPV1 receptors may mitigate opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, TRPV1 receptors, especially expressed in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, participate in mediating opioid reward, and its regulation can reduce the risk of opioid-induced addiction. Finally, co-administration of TRPV1 antagonists and opioids in the primary action sites of the periphery can significantly relieve neuropathic pain. In general, the regulation of TRPV1 may potentially ameliorate the side effects of opioids and enhance their analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongyu Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lupeng Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
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Lin MT, Liao CL, Hsiao MY, Hsueh HW, Chao CC, Wu CH. Volume Matters in Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Dextrose Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Three-Arm Trial. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:625830. [PMID: 33391002 PMCID: PMC7773892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.625830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided perineural dextrose injection (PDI) has been reported effective for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Higher volume of injectate may reduce adhesion of median nerve from other tissues, but volume-dependent effects of PDI in CTS remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether PDI with different injectate volumes had different effects for CTS participants. In this randomized, double-blinded, three-arm trial, 63 wrists diagnosed with CTS were randomized into three groups that received ultrasound-guided PDI with either 1, 2 or 4 ml of 5% dextrose water. All participants finished this study. Primary outcome as visual analog scale (VAS) and secondary outcomes including Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QuickDASH), electrophysiological studies and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at carpal tunnel inlet were assessed before and after PDI at the 1st, 4th, 12th and 24th weeks. For within-group analysis, all three groups (21 participants, each) revealed significant improvement from baseline in VAS, BCTQ and QuickDASH at the 1st, 4th, 12th and 24th weeks. For between-group analysis, 4 ml-group yielded better VAS reduction at the 4th and 12th weeks as well as improvement of BCTQ and QuickDASH at the 1st, 4th, and 12th weeks, compared to other groups. No significant between-group differences were observed in electrophysiological studies or median nerve CSA at any follow-up time points. There were no severe complications in this trial, and transient minor adverse effects occurred equally in the three groups. In conclusion, ultrasound-guided PDI with 4 ml of 5% dextrose provided better efficacy than with 1 and 2 ml based on symptom relief and functional improvement for CTS at the 1st, 4th, and 12th week post-injection, with no reports of severe adverse effects. There was no significant difference between the three groups at the 24th-week post-injection follow-up. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03598322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Li Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsiao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wen Hsueh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Hung Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Biomedical Park Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Fight fire with fire: Neurobiology of capsaicin-induced analgesia for chronic pain. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107743. [PMID: 33181192 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in chili peppers, produces intense burning pain in humans. Capsaicin selectively activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is enriched in nociceptive primary afferents, and underpins the mechanism for capsaicin-induced burning pain. Paradoxically, capsaicin has long been used as an analgesic. The development of topical patches and injectable formulations containing capsaicin has led to application in clinical settings to treat chronic pain conditions, such as neuropathic pain and the potential to treat osteoarthritis. More detailed determination of the neurobiological mechanisms of capsaicin-induced analgesia should provide the logical rationale for capsaicin therapy and help to overcome the treatment's limitations, which include individual differences in treatment outcome and procedural discomfort. Low concentrations of capsaicin induce short-term defunctionalization of nociceptor terminals. This phenomenon is reversible within hours and, hence, likely does not account for the clinical benefit. By contrast, high concentrations of capsaicin lead to long-term defunctionalization mediated by the ablation of TRPV1-expressing afferent terminals, resulting in long-lasting analgesia persisting for several months. Recent studies have shown that capsaicin-induced Ca2+/calpain-mediated ablation of axonal terminals is necessary to produce long-lasting analgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. In combination with calpain, axonal mitochondrial dysfunction and microtubule disorganization may also contribute to the longer-term effects of capsaicin. The analgesic effects subside over time in association with the regeneration of the ablated afferent terminals. Further determination of the neurobiological mechanisms of capsaicin-induced analgesia should lead to more efficacious non-opioidergic analgesic options with fewer adverse side effects.
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel known for its sensitivity to pungent vanilloid compound (i.e. capsaicin) and noxious stimuli, including heat, low pH or inflammatory mediators. TRPV1 is found in the somatosensory system, particularly primary afferent neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli (nociceptors). Stimulation of TRPV1 evokes a burning sensation, reflecting a central role of the channel in pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have validated TRPV1 as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of chronic pain, including cancer, neuropathic, postoperative and musculoskeletal pain. While antagonists of TRPV1 were found to be a valuable addition to the pain therapeutic toolbox, their clinical use has been limited by detrimental side effects, such as hyperthermia. In contrast, capsaicin induces a prolonged defunctionalisation of nociceptors and thus opened the door to the development of a new class of therapeutics with long-lasting pain-relieving effects. Here we review the list of TRPV1 agonists undergoing clinical trials for chronic pain management, and discuss new indications, formulations or combination therapies being explored for capsaicin. While the analgesic pharmacopeia for chronic pain patients is ancient and poorly effective, modern TRPV1-targeted drugs could rapidly become available as the next generation of analgesics for a broad spectrum of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Ablation of TRPV1+ Afferent Terminals by Capsaicin Mediates Long-Lasting Analgesia for Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0118-20.2020. [PMID: 32404326 PMCID: PMC7266139 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0118-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is often resistant to current pharmacotherapy, and there is a pressing need to develop more efficacious treatments. Capsaicin is a pungent ingredient of chili peppers and specifically activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), a Ca2+-permeable ion channel. Topical capsaicin invariably induces burning pain. Paradoxically, the transient pain is often followed by prolonged attenuation of the preexisting pathologic pain from the same region. However, the mechanisms underlying capsaicin-induced analgesia are not well understood. Although the reports of the involvement of TRPV1 and TRPV1+ afferents in neuropathic pain are controversial, we recently demonstrated that TRPV1 and TRPV1+ afferents are involved in mechanical hyperalgesia in mice with chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI). Consistently, chemogenetic inhibition of TRPV1-lineage (TRPV1-LN) afferents attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia and ongoing pain. In mice with ION-CCI, we found that a single focal injection of capsaicin into facial skin led to attenuation of mechanical hyperalgesia over two weeks. Capsaicin treatment also attenuated secondary hyperalgesia in extraterritorial mandibular skin. Furthermore, capsaicin treatment decreased ongoing pain. Longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging of cutaneous nerve fibers showed that such capsaicin-induced analgesia is correlated with cutaneous nerve terminal density. Furthermore, preventing capsaicin-induced ablation of afferent terminals by co-administration of capsaicin with MDL28170, an inhibitor of calpain, abolished capsaicin-induced analgesia. These results suggest that a single focal injection of capsaicin induces long-lasting analgesia for neuropathic pain via selective ablation of TRPV1+ afferent terminals and that TRPV1+ afferents contribute to the maintenance of TNP.
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Garami A, Shimansky YP, Rumbus Z, Vizin RCL, Farkas N, Hegyi J, Szakacs Z, Solymar M, Csenkey A, Chiche DA, Kapil R, Kyle DJ, Van Horn WD, Hegyi P, Romanovsky AA. Hyperthermia induced by transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) antagonists in human clinical trials: Insights from mathematical modeling and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107474. [PMID: 31926897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antagonists of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel alter body temperature (Tb) in laboratory animals and humans: most cause hyperthermia; some produce hypothermia; and yet others have no effect. TRPV1 can be activated by capsaicin (CAP), protons (low pH), and heat. First-generation (polymodal) TRPV1 antagonists potently block all three TRPV1 activation modes. Second-generation (mode-selective) TRPV1 antagonists potently block channel activation by CAP, but exert different effects (e.g., potentiation, no effect, or low-potency inhibition) in the proton mode, heat mode, or both. Based on our earlier studies in rats, only one mode of TRPV1 activation - by protons - is involved in thermoregulatory responses to TRPV1 antagonists. In rats, compounds that potently block, potentiate, or have no effect on proton activation cause hyperthermia, hypothermia, or no effect on Tb, respectively. A Tb response occurs when a TRPV1 antagonist blocks (in case of hyperthermia) or potentiates (hypothermia) the tonic TRPV1 activation by protons somewhere in the trunk, perhaps in muscles, and - via the acido-antithermogenic and acido-antivasoconstrictor reflexes - modulates thermogenesis and skin vasoconstriction. In this work, we used a mathematical model to analyze Tb data from human clinical trials of TRPV1 antagonists. The analysis suggests that, in humans, the hyperthermic effect depends on the antagonist's potency to block TRPV1 activation not only by protons, but also by heat, while the CAP activation mode is uninvolved. Whereas in rats TRPV1 drives thermoeffectors by mediating pH signals from the trunk, but not Tb signals, our analysis suggests that TRPV1 mediates both pH and thermal signals driving thermoregulation in humans. Hence, in humans (but not in rats), TRPV1 is likely to serve as a thermosensor of the thermoregulation system. We also conducted a meta-analysis of Tb data from human trials and found that polymodal TRPV1 antagonists (ABT-102, AZD1386, and V116517) increase Tb, whereas the mode-selective blocker NEO6860 does not. Several strategies of harnessing the thermoregulatory effects of TRPV1 antagonists in humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Yury P Shimansky
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zoltan Rumbus
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robson C L Vizin
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakacs
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymar
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Csenkey
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Wade D Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Translational Medicine, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrej A Romanovsky
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Zharko Pharma Inc., Olympia, WA, USA.
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12
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The investigation of allosteric regulation mechanism of analgesic effect using SD rat taste bud tissue biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:815-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Adamante G, de Almeida AS, Rigo FK, da Silva Silveira E, Coelho YO, De Prá SDT, Milioli AM, Camponogara C, Casoti R, Bellinaso F, Desideri AV, Santos MFC, Ferreira J, Oliveira SM, Trevisan G. Diosmetin as a novel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist with antinociceptive activity in mice. Life Sci 2018; 216:215-226. [PMID: 30447303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diosmetin is an O‑methylated flavone found naturally in citrus fruit, and it was identified in Amphilophium crucigerum (L.), a plant popularly used as an analgesic. This compound had different pharmacological effects and presented a chemical structure like the flavonoid eriodyctiol that exhibited antinociceptive effects by TRPV1 antagonism. However, the possible antinociceptive effect of this compound was not well documented. Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of diosmetin and its mechanism of action. The diosmetin effect on different pain models and its possible adverse effects were assessed on adult Swiss male mice (25-30 g). Mice spinal cord samples were used on calcium influx and binding assays using TRPV1 agonists. First, it was observed that the diosmetin reduced calcium influx mediated by capsaicin in synaptosomes and displace the specific binding to [3H]-resiniferatoxin in membrane fractions from the spinal cord of mice. Diosmetin (0.15 to 1.5 mg/kg, intragastric, i.g.) presented antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effect in the capsaicin intraplantar test and induced antinociception in a noxious heat test (48 °C). Also, treatment with diosmetin reduced mechanical and heat hypersensitivity observed in a model of inflammatory or neuropathic pain. Acute diosmetin administration in mice did not induce locomotor or body temperature changes, or cause liver enzyme abnormalities or alter renal function. Moreover, there were no observed changes in gastrointestinal transit or induction of ulcerogenic activity after diosmetin administration. In conclusion, our results support the antinociceptive properties of diosmetin which seems to occur via TRPV1 antagonist in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Adamante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Spring de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karine Rigo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Edinara da Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Yanka Oliveira Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira Dal-Toé De Prá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Marcone Milioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Camponogara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bellinaso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vinhal Desideri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mario Ferreira Conceição Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química de São Carlos - Universidade de São Paulo (IQSC-USP), 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), 88006-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Zhang X, El Demerdash N, Falck JR, Munnuri S, Koehler RC, Yang ZJ. The contribution of TRPV1 channel to 20-HETE-Aggravated ischemic neuronal injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 137:63-68. [PMID: 30041768 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A/4F-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid, directly contributes to ischemic neuronal injury. However, little is known about mediators of 20-HETE neurotoxicity after ischemia. Here, we focus on the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in 20-HETE-induced neurotoxicity. Our results showed that TRPV1 and CYP4A immunoreactivity were colocalized in neurons. TRPV1 inhibition attenuated 20-HETE mimetic 20-5,14-HEDGE-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and neuronal injury in cultured neurons and protected ischemic neurons in vitro and in vivo. TRPV1 inhibition in combination with 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 did not produce additional protective effects. Furthermore, TRPV1 genetic inhibition and NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-dat each attenuated ROS production to a similar extent. However, combined treatment did not achieve additional reduction. Therefore, we conclude that TRPV1 channels are involved in 20-HETE's ROS generation and neurotoxicity after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Sailu Munnuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
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15
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Electroacupuncture at Hua Tuo Jia Ji Acupoints Reduced Neuropathic Pain and Increased GABA A Receptors in Rat Spinal Cord. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8041820. [PMID: 30069227 PMCID: PMC6057337 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8041820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constriction injury- (CCI-) induced neuropathic pain is the most similar model to hyperalgesia in clinical observation. Neuropathic pain is a neuronal dysfunction in the somatosensory system that may lead to spontaneous pain. In this study, electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at bilateral L4 and L6 of Hua Tuo Jia Ji points (EX-B2) for relieving neuropathic pain in rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, 2-Hz EA, and 15-Hz EA groups. Following von Frey and cold plate tests, both the 2- and the 15-Hz EA groups had significantly lower mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia than the sham group. Western blot analysis results showed that γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA), adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), TRPV4, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) were similar in the dorsal root ganglion of all three groups. Furthermore, levels of GABAA receptors were higher in the spinal cord of rats in the 2- and 15-Hz EA groups compared with the sham control group. This was not observed for A1R, TRPV1, TRPV4, or mGluR3 receptors. In addition, all the aforementioned receptors were unchanged in the somatosensory cortex of the study rats, suggesting a central spinal effect. The study results provide evidence to support the clinical use of EA for specifically alleviating neuropathic pain.
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16
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Garami A, Pakai E, McDonald HA, Reilly RM, Gomtsyan A, Corrigan JJ, Pinter E, Zhu DXD, Lehto SG, Gavva NR, Kym PR, Romanovsky AA. TRPV1 antagonists that cause hypothermia, instead of hyperthermia, in rodents: Compounds' pharmacological profiles, in vivo targets, thermoeffectors recruited and implications for drug development. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13038. [PMID: 29352512 PMCID: PMC6032921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Thermoregulatory side effects hinder the development of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) antagonists as new painkillers. While many antagonists cause hyperthermia, a well-studied effect, some cause hypothermia. The mechanisms of this hypothermia are unknown and were studied herein. METHODS Two hypothermia-inducing TRPV1 antagonists, the newly synthesized A-1165901 and the known AMG7905, were used in physiological experiments in rats and mice. Their pharmacological profiles against rat TRPV1 were studied in vitro. RESULTS Administered peripherally, A-1165901 caused hypothermia in rats by either triggering tail-skin vasodilation (at thermoneutrality) or inhibiting thermogenesis (in the cold). A-1165901-induced hypothermia did not occur in rats with desensitized (by an intraperitoneal dose of the TRPV1 agonist resiniferatoxin) sensory abdominal nerves. The hypothermic responses to A-1165901 and AMG7905 (administered intragastrically or intraperitoneally) were absent in Trpv1-/- mice, even though both compounds evoked pronounced hypothermia in Trpv1+/+ mice. In vitro, both A-1165901 and AMG7905 potently potentiated TRPV1 activation by protons, while potently blocking channel activation by capsaicin. CONCLUSION TRPV1 antagonists cause hypothermia by an on-target action: on TRPV1 channels on abdominal sensory nerves. These channels are tonically activated by protons and drive the reflectory inhibition of thermogenesis and tail-skin vasoconstriction. Those TRPV1 antagonists that cause hypothermia further inhibit these cold defences, thus decreasing body temperature. SIGNIFICANCE TRPV1 antagonists (of capsaicin activation) are highly unusual in that they can cause both hyper- and hypothermia by modulating the same mechanism. For drug development, this means that both side effects can be dealt with simultaneously, by minimizing these compounds' interference with TRPV1 activation by protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Garami
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab); Trauma Research; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine; Medical School; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - E. Pakai
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab); Trauma Research; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine; Medical School; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - H. A. McDonald
- Neuroscience Research; Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago IL USA
| | - R. M. Reilly
- Neuroscience Research; Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago IL USA
| | - A. Gomtsyan
- Neuroscience Research; Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago IL USA
| | - J. J. Corrigan
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab); Trauma Research; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ USA
| | - E. Pinter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; Medical School and Janos Szentagothai Research Centre; University of Pecs; Pecs Hungary
| | - D. X. D. Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience; Amgen; Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | - S. G. Lehto
- Department of Neuroscience; Amgen; Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | - N. R. Gavva
- Department of Neuroscience; Amgen; Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | - P. R. Kym
- Neuroscience Research; Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago IL USA
| | - A. A. Romanovsky
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab); Trauma Research; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ USA
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17
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Oka H, Yonezawa K, Kamikawa A, Ikegai K, Asai N, Shirakami S, Miyamoto S, Watanabe T, Kiso T, Takemoto Y, Tamura S, Kuramochi T. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel biphenyl-4-carboxamide derivatives as orally available TRPV1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3716-3726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Investigation of TRPV1 loss-of-function phenotypes in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:456-461. [PMID: 29660342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) random mutagenesis was used to generate a mouse model for the analysis of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel. A transversion from T→A in exon 4 led to a Leu206Stop mutation generating a loss-of-function mutant. The TRPV1 agonist capsaicin was used to analyze functional and nociceptive parameters in vitro and in vivo in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and congenic C3HeB/FeJ controls. Capsaicin-induced [Ca2+]i changes in small diameter DRG neurons were significantly diminished in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and administration of capsaicin induced neither hypothermia nor nocifensive behaviour in vivo. TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice were tested in the spinal nerve ligation of mononeuropathic pain and developed mechanical hypersensitivity two weeks after nerve injury. In the open field test, a significant increase in spontaneous locomotion was detected in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice as compared to wildtype controls. TRPV1 knockout mice have been reported to carry a similar phenotype regarding capsaicin-evoked responses in vitro and in vivo. However, in contrast to TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice, TRPV1 knockout mice did not differ in spontaneous locomotion as compared to congenic C57BL/6 mice, suggesting subtle ENU-dependent or independent strain differences between TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and their wildtype controls. In summary, these data revealed a target-related (i.e. capsaicin-evoked) phenotype of TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice closely resembling that of published TRPV1 knockout mice. However, since ENU-mutant mice are congenic with the mouse strain initially used in random mutagenesis, direct phenotypic comparison with the respective wildtype controls is possible, and the time-consuming backcrossing in lines with targeted mutations is avoided.
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Watabiki T, Tsuji N, Kiso T, Ozawa T, Narazaki F, Kakimoto S. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of ASP8477: A novel highly selective fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:42-48. [PMID: 29017758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although exogenous agonists for cannabinoid (CB) receptors are clinically effective for treating chronic pain, global activation of brain CB receptors causes frequent central nervous system (CNS) side-effects. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a primary catabolic enzyme for anandamide (AEA), an endogenous CB. Recently, we discovered a novel FAAH inhibitor, 3-pyridyl 4-(phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (ASP8477). In vitro studies demonstrated that ASP8477 inhibited human FAAH-1, FAAH-1 (P129T) and FAAH-2 activity with IC50 values of 3.99, 1.65 and 57.3nM, respectively. ASP8477 at 10µM had no appreciable interactions with 65 different kinds of receptors, ion channels, transporters and enzymes, including CB1 and CB2 receptors and monoacylglycerol lipase. In adolescent rats, orally administered ASP8477 (0.3-10mg/kg) elevated AEA concentrations in both plasma and brain. In a capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia model, a pretreatment with ASP8477 significantly improved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 0.3-3mg/kg p.o. ASP8477 also significantly improved mechanical allodynia in an L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation neuropathic pain model, with an ED50 value of 0.63mg/kg, and in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model at 3 and 10mg/kg p.o. Furthermore, ASP8477 significantly attenuated the reduction in rearing events at 1 and 3mg/kg p.o. in a monoiodoacetic acid-induced osteoarthritis model. Importantly, ASP8477 had no significant effect on motor coordination up to 30mg/kg p.o. These results indicate that ASP8477 is a potent, selective, and oral active FAAH inhibitor with activity in the CNS, with the potential to be a new analgesic agent with a wide safety margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Watabiki
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tsuji
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kiso
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Ozawa
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Fumie Narazaki
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Kakimoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Pace MC, Passavanti MB, De Nardis L, Bosco F, Sansone P, Pota V, Barbarisi M, Palagiano A, Iannotti FA, Panza E, Aurilio C. Nociceptor plasticity: A closer look. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2824-2838. [PMID: 28488779 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptors are receptors specifically involved in detecting a tissue damage and transducing it in an electrical signal. Nociceptor activation provoked by any kind of acute lesion is related to the release of several mediators of inflammation, within the framework of a process defined as "peripheral sensitization." This results in an exaggerated response to the painful stimulus, clinically defined as "primary hyperalgesia." The concept of "neuroplasticity" may explain the adaptive mechanisms carried out by the Nervous System in relation to a "harmful" damage; also, neuroplasticity mechanisms are also fundamental for rehabilitative intervention protocols. Here we review several studies that addressed the role of different receptors and ionic channels discovered on nociceptor surface and their role in pain perception. The changes in expression, distribution, and functioning of receptors and ionic channels are thought to be a part of the neuroplasticity property, through which the Nervous System constantly adapts to external stimuli. Moreover, some of the reviewed mediators are also been associated to "central sensitization," a process that results in pain chronicization when the painful stimulation is particularly prolonged or intense, and lastly leads to the memorization of the uncomfortable painful perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passavanti
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Nardis
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Bosco
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sansone
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pota
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manlio Barbarisi
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Palagiano
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) Research National Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Aurilio
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesics with superior efficacy, diminished adverse effects and a lower abuse liability than those currently available. Reasons for this include the heterogeneity of clinical pain conditions, the complexity and diversity of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the unreliability of some preclinical pain models. However, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are beginning to offer opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies and revisiting existing targets, including modulating ion channels, enzymes and G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Kristam R, Rao SN, D’Cruz AS, Mahadevan V, Viswanadhan VN. TRPV1 antagonism by piperazinyl-aryl compounds: A Topomer-CoMFA study and its use in virtual screening for identification of novel antagonists. J Mol Graph Model 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.01.010 pmid: 28092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kristam R, Rao SN, D'Cruz AS, Mahadevan V, Viswanadhan VN. TRPV1 antagonism by piperazinyl-aryl compounds: A Topomer-CoMFA study and its use in virtual screening for identification of novel antagonists. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 72:112-128. [PMID: 28092830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid, member 1 (TRPV1), is a non-selective cation channel belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels. It occurs in the peripheral and central nervous system, activated by a variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli, thus playing a key role in transmission of pain. This has been a target for chronic pain since more than a decade and a number of antagonists that progressed into clinical trials have failed due to the unexpected side effect of core body temperature rise, thus halting progress in this field. Of late, there has been an upsurge in research on this target, with the rat TRPV1 structure being determined, many new antagonists discovered that are temperature-neutral and many new therapeutic avenues being discovered for TRPV1, including diseases of respiratory and digestive systems, skin and bladder. Towards identifying diverse compounds to decipher the role of this target in various indications, here we report a 3D-QSAR model built using the new topomer-CoMFA methodology on a series of piperazinyl-aryl TRPV1 antagonists and the use of this model, along with a pharmacophore model and the shape of one of the potent compounds of this series, to virtually screen a subset of the ZINC database to find novel and diverse hits. These can serve as starting points to develop modality-selective antagonists for chronic pain and to elucidate the critical role of TRPV1 in the various new therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kristam
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd. #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 064, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology, and Research Academy (SASTRA University), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 402, India.
| | - Shashidhar N Rao
- Tripos International, A Certara Company, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA
| | - Anne Sudha D'Cruz
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd. #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology, and Research Academy (SASTRA University), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 402, India
| | - Vellarkad N Viswanadhan
- Department of Computational Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd. #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 064, India
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TRP channels: potential drug target for neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:305-317. [PMID: 27757589 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating disease which affects central as well as peripheral nervous system. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are ligand-gated ion channels that detect physical and chemical stimuli and promote painful sensations via nociceptor activation. TRP channels have physiological role in the mechanisms controlling several physiological responses like temperature and mechanical sensations, response to painful stimuli, taste, and pheromones. TRP channel family involves six different TRPs (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1) which are expressed in pain sensing neurons and primary afferent nociceptors. They function as transducers for mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli into inward currents, an essential first step for provoking pain sensations. TRP ion channels activated by temperature (thermo TRPs) are important molecular players in acute, inflammatory, and chronic pain states. Different degree of heat activates four TRP channels (TRPV1-4), while cold temperature ranging from affable to painful activate two indistinctly related thermo TRP channels (TRPM8 and TRPA1). Targeting primary afferent nociceptive neurons containing TRP channels that play pivotal role in revealing physical stimuli may be an effective target for the development of successful pharmacotherapeutics for clinical pain syndromes. In this review, we highlighted the potential role of various TRP channels in different types of neuropathic pain. We also discussed the pharmacological activity of naturally and synthetically originated TRP channel modulators for pharmacotherapeutics of nociception and neuropathic pain.
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Botz B, Bölcskei K, Helyes Z. Challenges to develop novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27576790 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases and persistent pain of different origin represent common medical, social, and economic burden, and their pharmacotherapy is still an unresolved issue. Therefore, there is a great and urgent need to develop anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with novel mechanisms of action, but it is a very challenging task. The main problem is the relatively large translational gap between the preclinical experimental data and the clinical results due to characteristics of the models, difficulties with the investigational techniques particularly for pain, as well as species differences in the mechanisms. We summarize here the current state-of-the-art medication and related ongoing strategies, and the novel targets with lead molecules under clinical development. The first members of the gold-standard categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and opioids, were introduced decades ago, and since then very few drugs with novel mechanisms of action have been successfully taken to the clinics despite considerable development efforts. Several biologics targeting different key molecules have provided breakthrough in some autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, but they are expensive, only parenterally available, their long-term side effects often limit their administration, and they do not effectively reduce pain. Some kinase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-4 blockers have recently been introduced as new directions. There are in fact some promising novel approaches at different clinical stages of drug development focusing on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1/ankyrin 1 channel antagonism, inhibition of voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels, several enzymes (kinases, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases, and matrix metalloproteinases), cytokines/chemokines, transcription factors, nerve growth factor, and modulation of several G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoids, purinoceptors, and neuropeptides). WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1427. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1427 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Botz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview on drug targets and emerging pharmacological treatment options for chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic pain poses an enormous socioeconomic burden for the more than 30% of people who suffer from it, costing over $600 billion per year in the USA. In recent years, there has been a surge in preclinical and clinical research endeavors to try to stem this epidemic. Preclinical studies have identified a wide array of potential targets, with some of the most promising translational research being performed on novel opioid receptors, cannabinoid receptors, selective ion channel blockers, cytokine inhibitors, nerve growth factor inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, glial cell inhibitors, and bisphosphonates. SUMMARY There are many obstacles for the development of effective medications to treat chronic pain, including the inherent challenges in identifying pathophysiological mechanisms, the overlap and multiplicity of pain pathways, and off-target adverse effects stemming from the ubiquity of drug target receptor sites and the lack of highly selective receptor ligands. Despite these barriers, the number and diversity of potential therapies have continued to grow, to include disease-modifying and individualized drug treatments.
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Yan L, Pan M, Fu M, Wang J, Huang W, Qian H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analgesic agents targeting both cyclooxygenase and TRPV1. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:849-57. [PMID: 26795113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands might offer certain advantages over traditional single-target drugs and/or drug combinations. In the present study, a series of novel analgesic agents targeting both cyclooxygenase and TRPV1 were prepared and evaluated in an effort to optimize properties of previously described lead compounds from piperazine, ethanediamine cores. These compounds were evaluated for antagonism of hTRPV1 activation by capsaicin and the ability to inhibit Ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2 in vitro. The favorable potentials of these test compounds were further characterized in preliminary analgesic and side-effects tests in vivo. On the basis of comprehensive evaluations, compound 8d which showed strong TRPV1 antagonistic activity, middle COX-2 inhibition, weak ulcerogenic action and had no hyperthermia side-effect was considered as a safe candidate for the further development of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Miaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; WuXiAppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hai Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Polymodal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Nocisensor. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:81-125. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li J, Jiang J. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subetype 1 in the increase of thermal pain threshold by moxibustion. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:583-7. [PMID: 26591690 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBTECTIVE: To explore the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid subetype 1 (TRPV1) in the increase of the thermal pain threshold by moxibustion. METHODS Forty Kunming mice (20 ± 2) g were randomized into control group, capsaicin group, capsazepine group, moxibustion group and moxibustion + capsazepine (MC) group with 8 mice in each, and 16 C57BL/6 wild-type mice (18 ± 2) g were randomized into wild-type (WT) control group and WT moxibustion group with 8 mice in each, and 14 TRPV1 knockout mice (18 ± 2) g were randomized into knockout (KO) control group and KO moxibustion-group with 7 in each. Each mouse in the capsaicin group was subcutaneously injected with the amount of 0.1 mL/10 g into L5 and L6 spinal cords; each mouse in the capsazepine group was intraperitoneally injected with the amount of 0.1 mL/10 g. Similarly, each mouse in the moxibustion group was given a suspended moxibustion with specially-made moxa-stick for 20 min on L5 and L6 spinal cords. Each mouse in MC group was intraperitoneally injected with the amount of 0.1 mL/1 0 g first, then after 15 min was given a suspended moxibustion for 20 min on L5 and L6 spinal cords. Each mouse in WT moxibustion group and KO moxibustion group was given a suspended moxibustion with specially-made moxa-stick for 20 min on L5 and L6 spinal cords. The control group, WT control group and KO control group were of no treatment in any way. After all treatments were completed, the digital-display measurement instrument for thermal pain was used to measure the threshold of thermal pain in each group respectively. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the thresholds of thermal pain in the moxibustion group and MC group were significantly increased (P <0.01); no significant changes in the thresholds in the capsaicin group and the capsazepine group (P > 0.05); compared with moxibustion group, he threshold of thermal in MC group was obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with WT control group, the threshold of thermal pain in WT moxibustion group was significantly increased (P < 0.01); compared with KO control group, no changes in the threshold in KO moxibustion group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRPV1 participated in the process of increasing the threshold of thermal pain by stimulating L5 and L6 of mice spinal cord with burning mosa-stick.
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Miyanohara J, Shirakawa H, Sanpei K, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. A pathophysiological role of TRPV1 in ischemic injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:478-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Opioids and TRPV1 in the peripheral control of neuropathic pain--Defining a target site in the injured nerve. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:330-40. [PMID: 26453963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting peripheral neuropathic pain at its origin may prevent the development of hypersensitivity. Recently we showed this can be mediated by opioid receptors at the injured nerve trunk. Here, we searched for the most relevant peripheral site to block transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and investigated analgesic interactions between TRPV1 and opioids in neuropathy. In a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in mice, we assessed the effects of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists and TRPV1 antagonist (SB366791) injected at the CCI site or into the injured nerve-innervated paw on spontaneous paw lifting, heat and mechanical sensitivity. We also examined TRPV1 expression in total membrane and plasma membrane fractions from nerves and paws. We found that opioids and SB366791 co-injected in per se nonanalgesic doses at the CCI site or into the paw diminished heat and mechanical sensitivity. SB366791 alone dose-dependently alleviated heat and mechanical sensitivity. TRPV1 blockade in the paw was more effective than at the CCI site. None of the treatments diminished spontaneous paw lifting. TRPV1 expression analysis suggests that the levels of functional TRPV1 do not critically determine the TRPV1 antagonist-mediated analgesia. Together, the identification of the primary action site in damaged nerves is crucial for effective pain control. Contrary to opioids, the TRPV1 blockade in the injured nerve peripheral terminals, rather than at the nerve trunk, appears promising against heat pain. Opioid/TRPV1 antagonist combinations at both locations partially reduced neuropathy-triggered heat and mechanical pain.
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Yan L, Wang J, Pan M, Qiu Q, Huang W, Qian H. Synthesis of Analogues of BCTC Incorporating a Pyrrolidinyl Linker and Biological Evaluation as Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:306-11. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Miaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Hai Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; Center of Drug Discovery; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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Ogiyama T, Yonezawa K, Inoue M, Watanabe T, Sugano Y, Gotoh T, Kiso T, Koakutsu A, Kakimoto S, Shishikura JI. Discovery of a 1-isopropyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivative as an orally active N-type calcium channel blocker for neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4624-4637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ogiyama T, Yonezawa K, Inoue M, Katayama N, Watanabe T, Yoshimura S, Gotoh T, Kiso T, Koakutsu A, Kakimoto S, Shishikura JI. Discovery of an 8-methoxytetrahydroisoquinoline derivative as an orally active N-type calcium channel blocker for neuropathic pain without CYP inhibition liability. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4638-4648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bertrand H, Kyriazis M, Reeves KD, Lyftogt J, Rabago D. Topical Mannitol Reduces Capsaicin-Induced Pain: Results of a Pilot-Level, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. PM R 2015; 7:1111-1117. [PMID: 25978942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin specifically activates, and then gradually exhausts, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor, a key receptor in neuropathic pain. Activation of the TRPV-1 receptor is accompanied by burning pain. A natural substance or medication that can reduce the burning pain resulting from capsaicin application may have therapeutic potential in neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVE To assess the pain-relieving effects of a mannitol-containing cream in a capsaicin-based pain model. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING Outpatient pain clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five adults with pain-free lips. METHODS Capsaicin .075% cream was applied to both halves of each participant's upper lip, inducing pain via stimulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1, capsaicin) receptor, then removed after 5 minutes or when participants reported a burning pain of 8/10, whichever came first. A cream containing mannitol and the same cream without mannitol (control) were then immediately applied, 1 on each side of the lip, in an allocation-masked manner. OUTCOME MEASURES Participants self-recorded a numeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10) pain score for each side of the lip per minute for 10 minutes. A t-test was performed to evaluate the pain score change from baseline between each side of the lip at each recording. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to determine the overall difference between groups. RESULTS Participants reached a capsaicin-induced pain level of 7.8 ± 1.0 points in 3.3 ± 1.6 minutes that was equal on both sides of the lip. Both groups reported progressive diminution of pain over the 10-minute study period. However, participants reported significantly reduced pain scores on the mannitol cream half-lip compared to control at 3 through 10 minutes (P < .05) and in AUC analysis (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Mannitol cream reduced self-reported pain scores in a capsaicin pain model more rapidly than a control cream, potentially via a TRPV1 receptor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marylene Kyriazis
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Dean Reeves
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - John Lyftogt
- Private Practice Sports Medicine, retired, Cass Bass, Lyttelton, New Zealand
| | - David Rabago
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Socała K, Nieoczym D, Pieróg M, Wlaź P. α-Spinasterol, a TRPV1 receptor antagonist, elevates the seizure threshold in three acute seizure tests in mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1239-47. [PMID: 25764210 PMCID: PMC4540766 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Spinasterol is a plant-derived compound which was reported to act as a selective antagonist for the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor. Several studies revealed that the TRPV1 receptors might modulate seizure activity in animal models of seizures and epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of α-spinasterol on the seizure threshold in three acute models of seizures, i.e., in the intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test, in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test and in the model of psychomotor seizures induced by 6 Hz stimulation in mice. Our results revealed significant anticonvulsant effect of α-spinasterol in all the used seizure tests. In the i.v. PTZ test, statistically significant elevation was noted in case of the threshold for myoclonic twitches (doses of 0.1–1 mg/kg) and generalized clonus seizures (doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) but not for tonic seizures. The studied TRPV1 antagonist also increased the threshold for tonic hindlimb extension in the MEST (doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and 6 Hz psychomotor seizure (doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) tests in mice. Furthermore, α-spinasterol did not produce any significant impairment of motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) and muscular strength (investigated in the grip-strength test) and it did not provoke significant changes in body temperature in mice. Based on the results of our study and the fact that α-spinasterol is characterized by good blood–brain permeability, we postulate further investigation of this compound to precisely evaluate mechanism of its anticonvulsant action and opportunity of its usage in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033, Lublin, Poland,
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Abstract
The ability of the body to perceive noxious stimuli lies in a heterogeneous group of primary somatosensory neurons termed nociceptors. The molecular receptors of noxious mechanical, temperature, or chemical stimuli are expressed in these neurons and have drawn considerable attention as possible targets for analgesic development to improve treatment for the millions who suffer from chronic pain conditions. A number of thermoTRPs, a subset of the transient receptor potential family of ion channels, are activated by a wide range on noxious stimuli. In this review, we review the function of these channels and examine the evidence that thermoTRPs play a vital role in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Laing
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ajay Dhaka
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hsu E, Murphy S, Chang D, Cohen SP. Expert opinion on emerging drugs: chronic low back pain. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2014; 20:103-27. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.993379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Discovery of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as orally active N-type calcium channel blockers with high selectivity for hERG potassium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6899-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Inhibition of FAAH, TRPV1, and COX2 by NSAID-serotonin conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5695-5698. [PMID: 25467164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin was linked by amidation to the carboxylic acid groups of a series of structurally diverse NSAIDs. The resulting NSAID-serotonin conjugates were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit FAAH, TRPV1, and COX2. Ibuprofen-5-HT and Flurbiprofen-5-HT inhibited all three targets with approximately the same potency as N-arachidonoyl serotonin (AA-5-HT), while Fenoprofen-5-HT and Naproxen-5-HT showed activity as dual inhibitors of TRPV1 and COX2.
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Nash MS, Verkuyl JM, Bhalay G. TRPV1 Antagonism: From Research to Clinic. ION CHANNEL DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735087-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, has been one of the most extensively studied molecules in sensory research. Its contribution to the sensation of pain in numerous pre-clinical inflammatory and neuropathic paradigms has been well-established and expression analysis suggests a potential role clinically in pain and bladder conditions. The field has now reached an exciting point in time with the development of a number of high quality TRPV1 antagonist drug candidates and the release of clinical data. What has become apparent from this work is that inhibition of TRPV1 function brings with it the potential liabilities of increased body temperature and altered thermal perception. However, there is cause for optimism because it appears that not all antagonists have the same properties and compounds can be identified that lack significant on-target side-effects whilst retaining efficacy, at least pre-clinically. What is perhaps now more critical to address is the question of how effective the analgesia provided by a TRPV1 antagonist will be. Although tantalizing clinical data showing effects on experimentally-induced pain or pain following molar extraction have been reported, no clear efficacy in a chronic pain condition has yet been demonstrated making it difficult to perform an accurate risk-benefit analysis for TRPV1 antagonists. Here we provide an overview of some of the most advanced clinical candidates and discuss the approaches being taken to avoid the now well established on-target effects of TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Nash
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Forum 1, Novartis Campus CH - 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - J. Martin Verkuyl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB UK
| | - Gurdip Bhalay
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Wimblehurst Road Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB UK
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Voight EA, Gomtsyan AR, Daanen JF, Perner RJ, Schmidt RG, Bayburt EK, DiDomenico S, McDonald HA, Puttfarcken PS, Chen J, Neelands TR, Bianchi BR, Han P, Reilly RM, Franklin PH, Segreti JA, Nelson RA, Su Z, King AJ, Polakowski JS, Baker SJ, Gauvin DM, Lewis LR, Mikusa JP, Joshi SK, Faltynek CR, Kym PR, Kort ME. Discovery of (R)-1-(7-Chloro-2,2-bis(fluoromethyl)chroman-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea (A-1165442): A Temperature-Neutral Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) Antagonist with Analgesic Efficacy. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7412-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500916t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Voight
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Arthur R. Gomtsyan
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jerome F. Daanen
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Richard J. Perner
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robert G. Schmidt
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erol K. Bayburt
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stanley DiDomenico
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Heath A. McDonald
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pamela S. Puttfarcken
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Torben R. Neelands
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Bruce R. Bianchi
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ping Han
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Regina M. Reilly
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pamela H. Franklin
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jason A. Segreti
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Richard A. Nelson
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Zhi Su
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew J. King
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - James S. Polakowski
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Scott J. Baker
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Donna M. Gauvin
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - LaGeisha R. Lewis
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Joseph P. Mikusa
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shailen K. Joshi
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Connie R. Faltynek
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Philip R. Kym
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael E. Kort
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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45
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Matak I, Rossetto O, Lacković Z. Botulinum toxin type A selectivity for certain types of pain is associated with capsaicin-sensitive neurons. Pain 2014; 155:1516-1526. [PMID: 24793910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most classical analgesics, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) does not alter acute nociceptive thresholds, and shows selectivity primarily for allodynic and hyperalgesic responses in certain pain conditions. We hypothesized that this phenomenon might be explained by characterizing the sensory neurons targeted by BoNT/A in the central nervous system after its axonal transport. BoNT/A's central antinociceptive activity following its application into the rat whisker pad was examined in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) and higher-level nociceptive brain areas using BoNT/A-cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Occurrence of cleaved SNAP-25 in TNC was examined after nonselective ganglion ablation with formalin or selective denervation of capsaicin-sensitive (vanilloid receptor-1 or TRPV1-expressing) neurons, and in relation to different cellular and neuronal markers. Regional c-Fos activation and effect of TRPV1-expressing afferent denervation on toxin's antinociceptive action were studied in formalin-induced orofacial pain. BoNT/A-cleaved SNAP-25 was observed in TNC, but not in higher-level nociceptive nuclei. Cleaved SNAP-25 in TNC disappeared after formalin-induced trigeminal ganglion ablation or capsaicin-induced sensory denervation. Occurrence of cleaved SNAP-25 in TNC and BoNT/A antinociceptive activity in formalin-induced orofacial pain were prevented by denervation with capsaicin. Cleaved SNAP-25 localization demonstrated toxin's presynaptic activity in TRPV1-expressing neurons. BoNT/A reduced the c-Fos activation in TNC, locus coeruleus, and periaqueductal gray. Present experiments suggest that BoNT/A alters the nociceptive transmission at the central synapse of primary afferents. Targeting of TRPV1-expressing neurons might be associated with observed selectivity of BoNT/A action only in certain types of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Matak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Brain Research Institute, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
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Liu MG, Zhuo M. No requirement of TRPV1 in long-term potentiation or long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Brain 2014; 7:27. [PMID: 24708859 PMCID: PMC4234987 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One major interest in the study of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in sensory system is that it may serve as a drug target for treating chronic pain. While the roles of TRPV1 in peripheral nociception and sensitization have been well documented, less is known about its contribution to pain-related cortical plasticity. Here, we used 64 multi-electrode array recording to examine the potential role of TRPV1 in two major forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We found that pharmacological blockade of TRPV1 with either [(E)-3-(4-t-Butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide] (AMG9810, 10 μM) or N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamide (SB366791, 20 μM) failed to affect LTP induced by strong theta burst stimulation in the ACC of adult mice. Similarly, neither AMG9810 nor SB366791 blocked the cingulate LTD induced by low-frequency stimulation. Analysis of the results from different layers of the ACC obtained the same conclusions. Spatial distribution of LTP or LTD-showing channels among the ACC network was also unaltered by the TRPV1 antagonists. Since cortical LTP and LTD in the ACC play critical roles in chronic pain triggered by inflammation or nerve injury, our findings suggest that TRPV1 may not be a viable target for treating chronic pain, especially at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential protein (TRP) channels are distributed in pain pathways including primary afferent neurons and function as transduction of various noxious stimuli to innocuous stimuli. TRP channels are considered as molecular basis of chronic pain. Targeting TRPs may lead to novel class of analgesics, and so drug-discovery efforts are focused on TRP agonists and its antagonists. Few products have, however, been placed on the market, because most of candidates have adverse effects. A lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system causes neuropathic pain, a type of chronic pain. Neuropathic pain is intolerable and obstinate and therefore, debilitates the affected patients. A great deal of effort has been made to develop medicine targeting molecules involved in neuropathic pain, whereby the promising therapeutically targeted molecules have been identified. Neuroinflammation, based on pathological alteration in crosstalk between nervous system and immune system, has been a focus of attention as pathological mechanism involved in development of neuropathic pain. Recently, we used an animal model for neuropathic pain to find the possibility that neuropathic pain was exacerbated by adipokines derived from perineural adipocytes distributed in injured peripheral neurons. A working hypothesis is therefore proposed that the perineural adipocytes interacts with the immune cells, which also have TRPV1, in injured peripheral nerve, followed by a paracrine loop involving proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adipokines derived from them which aggravates and prolongs pain. Here, we overview the developmental status in TRPV1-targetting analgesics and illustrate our recent findings in terms of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
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Birrell MA, Bonvini SJ, Dubuis E, Maher SA, Wortley MA, Grace MS, Raemdonck K, Adcock JJ, Belvisi MG. Tiotropium modulates transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) in airway sensory nerves: A beneficial off-target effect? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:679-87.e9. [PMID: 24506933 PMCID: PMC3969581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium, a drug widely prescribed for its bronchodilator activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, improves symptoms and attenuates cough in preclinical and clinical tussive agent challenge studies. The mechanism by which tiotropium modifies tussive responses is not clear, but an inhibition of vagal tone and a consequent reduction in mucus production from submucosal glands and bronchodilation have been proposed. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether tiotropium can directly modulate airway sensory nerve activity and thereby the cough reflex. Methods We used a conscious cough model in guinea pigs, isolated vagal sensory nerve and isolated airway neuron tissue– and cell-based assays, and in vivo single-fiber recording electrophysiologic techniques. Results Inhaled tiotropium blocked cough and single C-fiber firing in the guinea pig to the transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 agonist capsaicin, a clinically relevant tussive stimulant. Tiotropium and ipratropium, a structurally similar muscarinic antagonist, inhibited capsaicin responses in isolated guinea pig vagal tissue, but glycopyrrolate and atropine did not. Tiotropium failed to modulate other TRP channel–mediated responses. Complementary data were generated in airway-specific primary ganglion neurons, demonstrating that tiotropium inhibited capsaicin-induced, but not TRPA1-induced, calcium movement and voltage changes. Conclusion For the first time, we have shown that tiotropium inhibits neuronal TRPV1-mediated effects through a mechanism unrelated to its anticholinergic activity. We speculate that some of the clinical benefit associated with taking tiotropium (eg, in symptom control) could be explained through this proposed mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan S Grace
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristof Raemdonck
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Luo J, Walters ET, Carlton SM, Hu H. Targeting Pain-evoking Transient Receptor Potential Channels for the Treatment of Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 11:652-63. [PMID: 24396340 PMCID: PMC3849790 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects billions of lives globally and is a major public health problem in the United States. However, pain management is still a challenging task due to a lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of pain. In the past decades transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been identified as molecular sensors of tissue damage and inflammation. Activation/sensitization of TRP channels in peripheral nociceptors produces neurogenic inflammation and contributes to both somatic and visceral pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have affirmed the role of TRP channels in multiple forms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Thus pain-evoking TRP channels emerge as promising therapeutic targets for a wide variety of pain and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Susan M Carlton
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1069
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030
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Depressive behavior in the forced swim test can be induced by TRPV1 receptor activity and is dependent on NMDA receptors. Pharmacol Res 2013; 79:21-7. [PMID: 24200896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blocking, desensitizing, or knocking out transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors decreases immobility in the forced swim test, a measure of depressive behavior. We questioned whether enhancing TRPV1 activity promotes immobility in a fashion that is prevented by antidepressants. To test this we activated heat-sensitive TRPV1 receptors in mice by water that is warmer than body temperature (41 °C) or a low dose of resiniferatoxin (RTX). Water at 41 °C elicited less immobility than cooler water (26 °C), indicating that thermoregulatory sites do not contribute to immobility. Although a desensitizing regimen of RTX (3-5 injections of 0.1 mg/kg s.c.) decreased immobility during swims at 26 °C, it did not during swims at 41 °C. In contrast, low dose of RTX (0.02 mg/kg s.c.) enhanced immobility, but only during swims at 41 °C. Thus, activation of TRPV1 receptors, endogenously or exogenously, enhances immobility and these sites are activated by cold rather than warmth. Two distinct types of antidepressants, amitriptyline (10mg/kg i.p.) and ketamine (50 mg/kg i.p.), each inhibited the increase in immobility induced by the low dose of RTX, verifying its mediation by TRPV1 sites. When desensitization was limited to central populations using intrathecal injections of RTX (0.25 μg/kg i.t.), immobility was attenuated at both temperatures and the increase in immobility produced by the low dose of RTX was inhibited. This demonstrates a role for central TRPV1 receptors in depressive behavior, activated by conditions (cold stress) distinct from those that activate TRPV1 receptors along thermosensory afferents (heat).
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