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Liu H, Li X, Shi Y, Ye Z, Cheng X. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-3: A Key Player in Cancer Signaling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 38540761 PMCID: PMC10967961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are primarily responsible for dephosphorylation modification within signal transduction pathways. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a dual-specific phosphatase implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Understanding PRL-3's intricate functions and developing targeted therapies is crucial for advancing cancer treatment. This review highlights its regulatory mechanisms, expression patterns, and multifaceted roles in cancer progression. PRL-3's involvement in proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance is discussed. Regulatory mechanisms encompass transcriptional control, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. PRL-3 exhibits selective expressions in specific cancer types, making it a potential target for therapy. Despite advances in small molecule inhibitors, further research is needed for clinical application. PRL-3-zumab, a humanized antibody, shows promise in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Our review summarizes the current understanding of the cancer-related cellular function of PRL-3, its prognostic value, and the research progress of therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Zu Ye
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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2
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Lazo JS, Isbell KN, Vasa SA, Llaneza DC, Rastelli EJ, Wipf P, Sharlow ER. Disruption of Ovarian Cancer STAT3 and p38 Signaling with a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PTP4A3 Phosphatase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:429-438. [PMID: 36627205 PMCID: PMC9976793 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA member 3 (PTP4A3 or PRL-3) is a nonreceptor, oncogenic, dual-specificity phosphatase that is highly expressed in many human tumors, including ovarian cancer, and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. Recent studies suggest that PTP4A3 directly dephosphorylates SHP-2 phosphatase as part of a STAT3-PTP4A3 feedforward loop and directly dephosphorylates p38 kinase. The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of a PTP4A phosphatase inhibitor, 7-imino-2-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (JMS-053), on ovarian cancer STAT3, SHP-2, and p38 kinase phosphorylation. JMS-053 caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the activated form of STAT3, Y705 phospho-STAT3, in ovarian cancer cells treated in vitro. In contrast, the phosphorylation status of two previously described direct PTP4A3 substrates, SHP-2 phosphatase and p38 kinase, were rapidly increased with JMS-053 treatment. We generated A2780 and OVCAR4 ovarian cancer cells resistant to JMS-053, and the resulting cells were not crossresistant to paclitaxel, cisplatin, or teniposide. JMS-053-resistant A2780 and OVCAR4 cells exhibited a 95% and 50% decrease in basal Y705 phospho-STAT3, respectively. JMS-053-resistant OVCAR4 cells had an attenuated phosphorylation and migratory response to acute exposure to JMS-053. These results support a regulatory role for PTP4A phosphatase in ovarian cancer cell STAT3 and p38 signaling circuits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that chemical inhibition of PTP4A phosphatase activity with JMS-053 decreases STAT3 activation and increases SHP-2 phosphatase and p38 kinase phosphorylation activation in ovarian cancer cells. The newly developed JMS-053-resistant ovarian cancer cells should provide useful tools to further probe the role of PTP4A phosphatase in ovarian cancer cell survival and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Kelly N Isbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Sai Ashish Vasa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Danielle C Llaneza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Ettore J Rastelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., D.C.L., E.R.S.); KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (J.S.L., K.N.I., S.A.V., E.R.S.); and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., P.W.)
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3
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Pan J, Zhou L, Zhang C, Xu Q, Sun Y. Targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases: From signaling to therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:177. [PMID: 35665742 PMCID: PMC9166240 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the common pathological basis of autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, malignant tumors, and other major chronic diseases. Inflammation plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. On one hand, inflammation can sense changes in the tissue environment, induce imbalance of tissue homeostasis, and cause tissue damage. On the other hand, inflammation can also initiate tissue damage repair and maintain normal tissue function by resolving injury and restoring homeostasis. These opposing functions emphasize the significance of accurate regulation of inflammatory homeostasis to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases. Potential mechanisms involve protein phosphorylation modifications by kinases and phosphatases, which have a crucial role in inflammatory homeostasis. The mechanisms by which many kinases resolve inflammation have been well reviewed, whereas a systematic summary of the functions of protein phosphatases in regulating inflammatory homeostasis is lacking. The molecular knowledge of protein phosphatases, and especially the unique biochemical traits of each family member, will be of critical importance for developing drugs that target phosphatases. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, the "double-edged sword" function, and the extensive signaling pathways of all protein phosphatases in inflammation-related diseases, as well as their potential inhibitors or activators that can be used in therapeutic interventions in preclinical or clinical trials. We provide an integrated perspective on the current understanding of all the protein phosphatases associated with inflammation-related diseases, with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs that target protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Gehring K, Kozlov G, Yang M, Fakih R. The double lives of phosphatases of regenerating liver: A structural view of their catalytic and noncatalytic activities. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101471. [PMID: 34890645 PMCID: PMC8728433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are protein phosphatases involved in the control of cell growth and migration. They are known to promote cancer metastasis but, despite over 20 years of study, there is still no consensus about their mechanism of action. Recent work has revealed that PRLs lead double lives, acting both as catalytically active enzymes and as pseudophosphatases. The three known PRLs belong to the large family of cysteine phosphatases that form a phosphocysteine intermediate during catalysis. Uniquely to PRLs, this intermediate is stable, with a lifetime measured in hours. As a consequence, PRLs have very little phosphatase activity. Independently, PRLs also act as pseudophosphatases by binding CNNM membrane proteins to regulate magnesium homeostasis. In this function, an aspartic acid from CNNM inserts into the phosphatase catalytic site of PRLs, mimicking a substrate–enzyme interaction. The delineation of PRL pseudophosphatase and phosphatase activities in vivo was impossible until the recent identification of PRL mutants defective in one activity or the other. These mutants showed that CNNM binding was sufficient for PRL oncogenicity in one model of metastasis, but left unresolved its role in other contexts. As the presence of phosphocysteine prevents CNNM binding and CNNM-binding blocks catalytic activity, these two activities are inherently linked. Additional studies are needed to untangle the intertwined catalytic and noncatalytic functions of PRLs. Here, we review the current understanding of the structure and biophysical properties of PRL phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rayan Fakih
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Functional interrogation and therapeutic targeting of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1723-1734. [PMID: 34431504 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counteract the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine kinases to modulate levels of both normal and disease-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Aberrant activity of PTPs has been linked to the progression of many disease states, yet no PTP inhibitors are currently clinically available. PTPs are without a doubt a difficult drug target. Despite this, many selective, potent, and bioavailable PTP inhibitors have been described, suggesting PTPs should once again be looked at as viable therapeutic targets. Herein, we summarize recently discovered PTP inhibitors and their use in the functional interrogation of PTPs in disease states. In addition, an overview of the therapeutic targeting of PTPs is described using SHP2 as a representative target.
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Vainonen JP, Momeny M, Westermarck J. Druggable cancer phosphatases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/588/eabe2967. [PMID: 33827975 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylation status of oncoproteins is regulated by both kinases and phosphatases. Kinase inhibitors are rarely sufficient for successful cancer treatment, and phosphatases have been considered undruggable targets for cancer drug development. However, innovative pharmacological approaches for targeting phosphatases have recently emerged. Here, we review progress in the therapeutic targeting of oncogenic Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) and tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and select other druggable oncogenic and tumor suppressor phosphatases. We describe the modes of action for currently available small molecules that target phosphatases, their use in drug combinations, and advances in clinical development toward future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Vainonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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7
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Credentialing and Pharmacologically Targeting PTP4A3 Phosphatase as a Molecular Target for Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070969. [PMID: 34209460 PMCID: PMC8329922 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (OvCa) frequently becomes drug resistant and often recurs. Consequently, new drug targets and therapies are needed. Bioinformatics-based studies uncovered a relationship between high Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL3 also known as PTP4A3) expression and poor patient survival in both early and late stage OvCa. PTP4A3 mRNA levels were 5-20 fold higher in drug resistant or high grade serous OvCa cell lines compared to nonmalignant cells. JMS-053 is a potent allosteric small molecule PTP4A3 inhibitor and to explore further the role of PTP4A3 in OvCa, we synthesized and interrogated a series of JMS-053-based analogs in OvCa cell line-based phenotypic assays. While the JMS-053 analogs inhibit in vitro PTP4A3 enzyme activity, none were superior to JMS-053 in reducing high grade serous OvCa cell survival. Because PTP4A3 controls cell migration, we interrogated the effect of JMS-053 on this cancer-relevant process. Both JMS-053 and CRISPR/Cas9 PTP4A3 depletion blocked cell migration. The inhibition caused by JMS-053 required the presence of PTP4A3. JMS-053 caused additive or synergistic in vitro cytotoxicity when combined with paclitaxel and reduced in vivo OvCa dissemination. These results indicate the importance of PTP4A3 in OvCa and support further investigations of the lead inhibitor, JMS-053.
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Rastelli EJ, Yue D, Millard C, Wipf P. 3D-printed cartridge system for in-flow photo-oxygenation of 7-aminothienopyridinones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Czub MP, Boulton AM, Rastelli EJ, Tasker NR, Maskrey TS, Blanco IK, McQueeney KE, Bushweller JH, Minor W, Wipf P, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS. Structure of the Complex of an Iminopyridinedione Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3 Phosphatase Inhibitor with Human Serum Albumin. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:648-657. [PMID: 32978326 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 4A3 is frequently overexpressed in human solid tumors and hematologic malignancies and is associated with tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and a poor patient prognosis. Several potent, selective, and allosteric small molecule inhibitors of PTP4A3 were recently identified. A lead compound in the series, JMS-053 (7-imino-2-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione), has a long plasma half-life (∼ 24 hours) in mice, suggesting possible binding to serum components. We confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry that JMS-053 binds to human serum albumin. A single JMS-053 binding site was identified by X-ray crystallography in human serum albumin at drug site 3, which is also known as subdomain IB. The binding of JMS-053 to human serum albumin, however, did not markedly alter the overall albumin structure. In the presence of serum albumin, the potency of JMS-053 as an in vitro inhibitor of PTP4A3 and human A2780 ovarian cancer cell growth was reduced. The reversible binding of JMS-053 to serum albumin may serve to increase JMS-053's plasma half-life and thus extend the delivery of the compound to tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: X-ray crystallography revealed that a potent, reversible, first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of the oncogenic phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 binds to at least one site on human serum albumin, which is likely to extend the compound's plasma half-life and thus assist in drug delivery into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz P Czub
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Adam M Boulton
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Ettore J Rastelli
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Nikhil R Tasker
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Taber S Maskrey
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Isabella K Blanco
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Kelley E McQueeney
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - John H Bushweller
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Wladek Minor
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
| | - John S Lazo
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (M.P.C., A.M.B., J.H.B., W.M.) and Pharmacology (K.E.M., E.R.S., J.S.L.) and Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID) (M.P.C., W.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (E.J.R., N.R.T., T.S.M., P.W.); and KeViRx, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia (I.K.B., E.R.S., J.S.L.)
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10
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Kozlov G, Funato Y, Chen YS, Zhang Z, Illes K, Miki H, Gehring K. PRL3 pseudophosphatase activity is necessary and sufficient to promote metastatic growth. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11682-11692. [PMID: 32571875 PMCID: PMC7450121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are markers of cancer and promote tumor growth. They have been implicated in a variety of biochemical pathways but the physiologically relevant target of phosphatase activity has eluded 20 years of investigation. Here, we show that PRL3 catalytic activity is not required in a mouse model of metastasis. PRL3 binds and inhibits CNNM4, a membrane protein associated with magnesium transport. Analysis of PRL3 mutants specifically defective in either CNNM-binding or phosphatase activity demonstrate that CNNM binding is necessary and sufficient to promote tumor metastasis. As PRLs do have phosphatase activity, they are in fact pseudo-pseudophosphatases. Phosphatase activity leads to formation of phosphocysteine, which blocks CNNM binding and may play a regulatory role. We show levels of PRL cysteine phosphorylation vary in response to culture conditions and in different tissues. Examination of related protein phosphatases shows the stability of phosphocysteine is a unique and evolutionarily conserved property of PRLs. The demonstration that PRL3 functions as a pseudophosphatase has important ramifications for the design of PRL inhibitors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, For correspondence: Kalle Gehring,
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Aguilar-Sopeña O, Hernández-Pérez S, Alegre-Gómez S, Castro-Sánchez P, Iglesias-Ceacero A, Lazo JS, Roda-Navarro P. Effect of Pharmacological Inhibition of the Catalytic Activity of Phosphatases of Regenerating Liver in Early T Cell Receptor Signaling Dynamics and IL-2 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072530. [PMID: 32260565 PMCID: PMC7177812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown the delivery of phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) to the immunological synapse (IS) and proposed a regulatory role of the catalytic activity of PRLs (PRL-1, PRL-2 and PRL-3) in antigen-induced IL-2 production. Nonetheless, the expression in T cells and delivery to the IS of the highly homologous PRL-3, as well as the role of the catalytic activity of PRLs in antigen-induced early signaling, has not been investigated. Here, the expression of PRL-3 protein was detected in primary CD4 T cells and in the CD4 T cell line Jurkat (JK), in which an overexpressed GFP-PRL-3 fluorescent fusion protein trafficked through the endosomal recycling compartment and co-localized with PLCγ1 signaling sites at the IS. Pharmacological inhibition was used to compare the role of the catalytic activity of PRLs in antigen-induced early signaling and late IL-2 production. Although the phosphatase activity of PRLs was not critical for early signaling triggered by antigen, it seemed to regulate signaling dynamics and was necessary for proper IL-2 production. We propose that enzymatic activity of PRLs has a higher significance for cytokine production than for early signaling at the IS. However, further research will be necessary to deeply understand the regulatory role of PRLs during lymphocyte activation and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
| | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
| | - Sergio Alegre-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
| | - Patricia Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
| | - Alba Iglesias-Ceacero
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
| | - John S. Lazo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (O.A.-S.); (S.H.-P.); (S.A.-G.); (P.C.-S.); (A.I.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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