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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G. Membrane Lipid Replacement for reconstituting mitochondrial function and moderating cancer-related fatigue, pain and other symptoms while counteracting the adverse effects of cancer cytotoxic therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:199-217. [PMID: 38879842 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue, pain, gastrointestinal and other symptoms are among the most familiar complaints in practically every type and stage of cancer, especially metastatic cancers. Such symptoms are also related to cancer oxidative stress and the damage instigated by cancer cytotoxic therapies to cellular membranes, especially mitochondrial membranes. Cancer cytotoxic therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) often cause adverse symptoms and induce patients to terminate their anti-neoplastic regimens. Cancer-related fatigue, pain and other symptoms and the adverse effects of cancer cytotoxic therapies can be safely moderated with oral Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) glycerolphospholipids and mitochondrial cofactors, such as coenzyme Q10. MLR provides essential membrane lipids and precursors to maintain mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions and reduces fatigue, pain, gastrointestinal, inflammation and other symptoms. In addition, patients with a variety of chronic symptoms benefit from MLR supplements, and MLR also has the ability to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients and slowly remove toxic, hydrophobic molecules from cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 9355, S. Laguna Beach, CA, 92652, USA.
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Hsiao CP, Daly B, Chen MK, Veigl M, Dorth J, Ponsky LE, Hoppel C. Possible Bioenergetic Biomarker for Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue. Nurs Res 2021; 70:475-480. [PMID: 34380980 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue is a highly prevalent, debilitating, and persistent symptom experienced by patients receiving cancer treatments. Up to 71% of men with prostate cancer receiving radiation therapy experience acute and persistent CRF. There is neither an effective therapy nor a diagnostic biomarker for cancer-related fatigue. This pilot study aimed to discover potential biomarkers associated with chronic cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer receiving radiation therapy. METHODS We used a longitudinal repeated-measures research design. Twenty men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy completed all study visits. Cancer-related fatigue was evaluated by a well-established and validated questionnaire, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Fatigue (PROMIS-F) Short Form. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were harvested to quantify ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene expression of mitochondria-related genes. Data were collected before, during, on completion, and 24 months postradiation therapy and analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean of the PROMIS-F T-score was significantly increased over time in patients with prostate cancer, remaining elevated at 24 months post-radiation therapy compared to baseline. A significant downregulated BC1 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis-like (BCS1L) was observed over time during radiation therapy and at 24 months postradiation therapy. An increased PROMIS-F score was trended with downregulated BCS1L in patients 24 months after completing radiation therapy. DISCUSSION This is the first evidence to describe altered messenger RNA for BCS1L in chronic cancer-related fatigue using the PROMIS-F measure with men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PBMC messenger RNA for BCS1L is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for radiation therapy-induced chronic cancer-related fatigue in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH The University of Arizona Department of Psychology, Tucson, AZ Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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Yin Z, Yang G, Deng S, Wang Q. Oxidative stress levels and dynamic changes in mitochondrial gene expression in a radiation-induced lung injury model. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:204-214. [PMID: 30590649 PMCID: PMC6430248 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to set up a beagle dog model, for radiation-induced lung injury, that would be able to supply fresh lung tissues in the different injury phases for research into oxidative stress levels and mitochondrial gene expression. Blood serum and tissues were collected via CT-guided core needle biopsies from dogs in the various phases of the radiation response over a 40-week period. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD) protein expression in radiation-induced lung injury were determined by in situ immunocytochemistry; malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood were also tested; in addition, the copy number of the mitochondrial DNA and the level of function of the respiratory chain in the lung tissues were assessed. ROS showed dynamic changes and peaked at 4 weeks; MnSOD was mainly expressed in the Type II alveolar epithelium at 8 weeks; the MDA content and reductase activity in the peripheral blood presented no changes; the copy numbers of most mitochondrial genes peaked at 8 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding respiratory chain complexes; the level of function of the respiratory chain complex III did not peak until 24 weeks, similarly to the level of function of the corresponding gene Cytb. Radiation-induced lung injury was found to be a dynamically changing process, mainly related to interactions between local ROS, and it was not associated with the levels of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood. Mitochondrial genes and their corresponding respiratory chain complexes were found to be involved in the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Yin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding author: Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Tel: +86-159-2739-5672; Fax: +86-27-6565-0733;
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Vesna J, Danica J, Kamil K, Dragojevic-Simic V, Silva D, Sanja T, Ivana B, Zoran S, Zoran M, Dubravko B, Aleksandar D. Effects of fullerenol nanoparticles and amifostine on radiation-induced tissue damages: Histopathological analysis. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Bagheri F, Khori V, Alizadeh AM, Khalighfard S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H. Reactive oxygen species-mediated cardiac-reperfusion injury: Mechanisms and therapies. Life Sci 2016; 165:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hsiao CP, Daly B, Saligan LN. The Etiology and management of radiotherapy-induced fatigue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:323-328. [PMID: 29651466 DOI: 10.1080/23809000.2016.1191948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common side-effects accompanying radiotherapy, but arguably the least understood. Radiotherapy-induced fatigue (RIF) is a clinical subtype of cancer treatment-related fatigue. It is described as a pervasive, subjective sense of tiredness persisting over time, interferes with activities of daily living, and is not relieved by adequate rest or sleep. RIF is one of the early side-effects and long-lasting for cancer patients treated with localized radiation. Although the underlying mechanisms of fatigue have been studied in several disease conditions, the etiology, mechanisms, and risk factors of RIF remain elusive, and this symptom remains poorly managed. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent articles that defined, proposed biologic underpinnings and mechanisms to explain the pathobiology of RIF, as well as articles that proposed interventions to manage RIF. Understanding the mechanisms of RIF can describe promising pathways to identify at-risk individuals and identify potential therapeutic targets to alleviate and prevent RIF using a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Daly
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sabadashka M, Sybirna N. Reduction of radiation-induced nitrative stress in leucocytes and kidney cells of rats upon administration of polyphenolic complex concentrates from red wine. CYTOL GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Assessment of Radiation Induced Therapeutic Effect and Cytotoxicity in Cancer Patients Based on Transcriptomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:250. [PMID: 26907258 PMCID: PMC4783980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity induced by radiation therapy is a curse for cancer patients undergoing treatment. It is imperative to understand and define an ideal condition where the positive effects notably outweigh the negative. We used a microarray meta-analysis approach to measure global gene-expression before and after radiation exposure. Bioinformatic tools were used for pathways, network, gene ontology and toxicity related studies. We found 429 differentially expressed genes at fold change >2 and p-value <0.05. The most significantly upregulated genes were synuclein alpha (SNCA), carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), X-linked Kx blood group (XK), glycophorin A and B (GYPA and GYPB), and hemogen (HEMGN), while downregulated ones were membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A member 1 (MS4A1), immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7), BTB and CNC homology 1 transcription factor 2 (BACH2), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (BCL11B). Pathway analysis revealed calcium-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis and the role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in regulation of the immune response as the most inhibited pathways, while apoptosis signaling was significantly activated. Most of the normal biofunctions were significantly decreased while cell death and survival process were activated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the immune system process as the most overrepresented group under the biological process category. Toxicity function analysis identified liver, kidney and heart to be the most affected organs during and after radiation therapy. The identified biomarkers and alterations in molecular pathways induced by radiation therapy should be further investigated to reduce the cytotoxicity and development of fatigue.
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Protracted Oxidative Alterations in the Mechanism of Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:134-52. [PMID: 26785342 PMCID: PMC4665569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of high-dose total body ionizing irradiation [(thereafter, irradiation (IR)] are attributed to primary oxidative breakage of biomolecule targets, mitotic, apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the dose-limiting tissues, clastogenic and epigenetic effects, and cascades of functional and reactive responses leading to radiation sickness defined as the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The range of remaining and protracted injuries at any given radiation dose as well as the dynamics of post-IR alterations is tissue-specific. Therefore, functional integrity of the homeostatic tissue barriers may decline gradually within weeks in the post-IR period culminating with sepsis and failure of organs and systems. Multiple organ failure (MOF) leading to moribundity is a common sequela of the hemotapoietic form of ARS (hARS). Onset of MOF in hARS can be presented as “two-hit phenomenon” where the “first hit” is the underlying consequences of the IR-induced radiolysis in cells and biofluids, non-septic inflammation, metabolic up-regulation of pro-oxidative metabolic reactions, suppression of the radiosensitive hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and the damage to gut mucosa and vascular endothelium. While the “second hit” derives from bacterial translocation and spread of the bacterial pathogens and inflammagens through the vascular system leading to septic inflammatory, metabolic responses and a cascade of redox pro-oxidative and adaptive reactions. This sequence of events can create a ground for development of prolonged metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative, nitrative, and carbonyl, electrophilic stress in crucial tissues and thus exacerbate the hARS outcomes. With this perspective, the redox mechanisms, which can mediate the IR-induced protracted oxidative post-translational modification of proteins, oxidation of lipids and carbohydrates and their countermeasures in hARS are subjects of the current review. Potential role of ubiquitous, radioresistant mesenchymal stromal cells in the protracted responses to IR and IR-related septicemia is also discussed.
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Wang XY, Ma ZC, Wang YG, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Liang QD, Tang XL, Cheng Y, Gao Y. Tetramethylpyrazine protects lymphocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-κB. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:730-7. [PMID: 25443365 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Radiation induces an important apoptosis response in irradiated organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on irradiated lymphocytes and discover the possible mechanism of protection. METHOD Lymphocytes were pretreated for 12 h with TMP (25-200 μmol·L(-1)) and then exposed to 4 Gy radiation. Cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway were analyzed. RESULTS Irradiation increased cell death, DNA fragmentation, activated caspase activation and cytochrome c translocation, downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Pretreated with TMP significantly reversed this tendency. Several anti-apoptotic characteristics of TMP, including the ability to increase cell viability, inhibit caspase-9 activation, and upregulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax in 4Gy-irradiated lymphocytes were determined. Signal pathway analysis showed TMP could translate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) from cytosol into the nucleus. CONCLUSION The results suggest that TMP had a radioprotective effect through the NF-κB pathway to inhibit apoptosis, and it may be an effective candidate for treating radiation diseases associated with cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China; Chongqing Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hong-Ling Tan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian-De Liang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Tang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Chongqing Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China.
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Hsiao CP, Wang D, Kaushal A, Chen MK, Saligan L. Differential expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics in fatigued prostate cancer men receiving external beam radiation therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 48:1080-90. [PMID: 24786901 PMCID: PMC4211987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective study explored relationships between expression changes of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis/bioenergetics and fatigue in men with prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). METHODS Fatigue and gene expression were measured before (Day 0), at midpoint (Days 19-21), and at completion (Days 38-42) of EBRT using the seven-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Fatigue short form and from whole blood cell RNA, respectively. The human mitochondria RT2 Profiler PCR Array System was used to identify differential expression of mitochondrial biogenesis/bioenergetics-related genes. Mixed linear modeling estimated the changes in fatigue and gene expression over time and determined significant associations between gene expression and fatigue. RESULTS Subjects were 50 men with prostate cancer (scheduled for EBRT = 25, active surveillance as matched controls = 25). The mean Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Fatigue T-score (mean = 50 ± 10 in a general population) for study subjects was 44.87 ± 5.89 and for controls was 43.5 ± 2.8 at baseline. Differential expression of two genes inside the mitochondria involved in critical mitochondrial complexes: BCS1L (β = 1.30), SLC25A37 (β = -2.44), and two genes on the outer mitochondrial membrane vital for mitochondrial integrity: BCL2L1 (β = -1.68) and FIS1 (β = -2.35) were significantly associated with changes in fatigue scores of study subjects during EBRT. CONCLUSION Genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, energy production, and mitochondrial membrane integrity are associated with worsening fatigue during EBRT. Further investigation of the pathways involved with this association may explain mechanisms behind the development of fatigue in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Dan Wang
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aradhana Kaushal
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kam WWY, Banati RB. Effects of ionizing radiation on mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:607-619. [PMID: 23892359 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current concept of radiobiology posits that damage to the DNA in the cell nucleus is the primary cause for the detrimental effects of radiation. However, emerging experimental evidence suggests that this theoretical framework is insufficient for describing extranuclear radiation effects, particularly the response of the mitochondria, an important site of extranuclear, coding DNA. Here, we discuss experimental observations of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mitochondria at (1) the DNA and (2) functional levels. The roles of mitochondria in (3) oxidative stress and (4) late radiation effects are discussed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of targets for ionizing radiation outside the cell nucleus. Available experimental data suggest that an increase in the tumoricidal efficacy of radiation therapy might be achievable by targeting mitochondria. Likewise, more specific protection of mitochondria and its coding DNA should reduce damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wai-Ying Kam
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia.
| | - Richard B Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia; Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland, Sydney, New South Wales 2141, Australia; National Imaging Facility at Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI), University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Hsiao CP, Wang D, Kaushal A, Saligan L. Mitochondria-related gene expression changes are associated with fatigue in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy. Cancer Nurs 2013; 36:189-97. [PMID: 23047795 PMCID: PMC4665987 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0b013e318263f514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is associated with negative health outcomes and decreased health-related quality of life; however, few longitudinal studies have investigated molecular-genetic mechanisms of CRF. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe relationships between mitochondria-related gene expression changes and self-reported fatigue in prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). METHODS A prospective, exploratory, and repeated-measures design was used. Self-report questionnaires and peripheral whole-blood samples were collected from 15 patients at 7 time points. Baseline data were compared against 15 healthy controls. The Human Mitochondria RT Profiler PCR Array was used to identify differential regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. RESULTS Compared with baseline, there were significant increases in fatigue scores (P = .02-.04) and changes in mitochondria-related gene expression (P = .001-.05) over time. Mean fatigue scores were 1.66 (SD, 1.66) at baseline, 3.06 (SD, 1.95) at EBRT midpoint, 2.98 (SD, 2.20) at EBRT completion, and 2.64 (SD, 2.56) at 30 days after EBRT. Over time, 11 genes related to mitochondrial function and structure were differentially expressed. Of these 11 genes, 3 (BCL2L1, FIS1, SLC25A37) were more than 2.5 fold up-regulated, and 8 (AIFM2, BCL2, IMMP2L, MIPEP, MSTO1, NEFL, SLC25A23, SLC25A4) were greater than 2-fold down-regulated. Furthermore, 8 genes (AIFM2, BCL2, FIS1, IMMP2L, MSTO1, SLC25A23, SLC25A37, SLC25A4) were significantly associated with the changes in fatigue scores. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence that 8 mitochondrial function genes were significantly associated with fatigue in prostate cancer patients during EBRT. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE These findings identify possible pathways and early biomarkers for targeting novel interventions for CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Pin Hsiao
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Mohamad NA, Cricco GP, Cocca CM, Rivera ES, Bergoc RM, Martín GA. PANC-1 cells proliferative response to ionizing radiation is related to GSK-3β phosphorylation. Biochem Cell Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/o2012-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy may be used to treat pancreatic cancer and relieve pain. We have previously reported that histamine modulates pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cell proliferation. This work was aimed to evaluate whether histamine improves radiosensitivity of PANC-1 cells in relation to phosphorylation/inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Immediately after γ irradiation, intracellular hydrogen peroxide was markedly decreased together with a rapid increase in catalase activity. Although histamine diminished catalase activity in nonirradiated cells, it only partially hindered the increase observed in irradiated cells and could not modify radiosensitivity. In control cells, a high expression of total and a very low expression of phosphorylated/inactive GSK-3β were found. An increment in reactive oxygen species levels produced an augmentation in GSK-3β phosphorylation and suppressed cell proliferation. In both control and histamine-treated irradiated cells, the rise in catalase activity lowered reactive oxygen species levels and only a small increase in phosphorylated GSK-3β was detected. Alternatively, 3-aminotriazole, an irreversible inhibitor of catalase, reduced the survival fraction in irradiated control cells along with an increment in phosphorylated GSK-3β. These results suggest that upon irradiation, early catalase activation may be responsible for keeping GSK-3β active conceding cells a survival advantage toward cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Mohamad
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela P. Cricco
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia M. Cocca
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena S. Rivera
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa M. Bergoc
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A. Martín
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, C1113AAB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mohamad NA, Cricco GP, Cocca CM, Rivera ES, Bergoc RM, Martín GA. PANC-1 cells proliferative response to ionizing radiation is related to GSK-3β phosphorylation. Biochem Cell Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kanai A, Zabbarova I, Ikeda Y, Yoshimura N, Birder L, Hanna-Mitchell A, de Groat W. Sophisticated models and methods for studying neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2011; 30:658-67. [PMID: 21661010 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe how the use of new and established animal models and methods can generate vital and far reaching experimental data in the study of mechanism underlying neurogenic bladder overactivity. METHODS Bladder and colonic irradiated mice and those with upper and lower motor neuron lesions were used to study neurogenic bladder overactivity. Methods included cystometry, tension measurements, afferent nerve recordings and optical mapping of action potentials and intracellular Ca(2+) transients. Recordings were made in a number of innovative preparations including in-line cultured cells, bladder-urethra sheets and cross-sections, spinal cord slices and the cerebral cortex. RESULTS The animal models and methods used allow for the study of peripheral and central mechanisms of neurogenic overactivity. While colonic irradiation results in solely neurogenic dysfunction, spinal cord lesions also induce non-neural changes resulting in increased spontaneous detrusor contractions that can directly stimulate afferent nerves. Imaging of cultured bladder interstitial cells reveals spontaneous firing that could contribute to detrusor overactivity, while optical imaging of the spinal cord and brain could identify changes in central pathways that underlie lower urinary tract dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The animal models and methods described allow for the study of neurogenic overactivity at the peripheral, spinal and cortical levels. This may lead to greater understanding of sensory and motor mechanisms involved in incontinence, the contributions of interstitial cells and spontaneous detrusor contractions, and the involvement of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kanai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Ionizing radiation (IR) can produce deleterious effects in living tissues, leading to significant morbidity and a potentially fatal illness affecting various organs dose-dependently. As people may be exposed to IR during cancer radiotherapy or as a result of a radiological/nuclear incident or act of terrorism, the danger of irradiation represents a serious public health problem. At present, however, this problem remains largely impervious to medical management. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop safe and effective radiation countermeasure (RC) agents to prevent, mitigate or treat the harmful consequences of IR exposure. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Recent advances in the search for RC agents as reflected by the relevant patent literature of the past five years along with peer-reviewed publications are surveyed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A total of 43 patents, describing approximately 38 chemically diverse compounds with RC potential are analyzed. These include antioxidants capable of scavenging IR-induced free radicals, modulators of cell death signaling or cell cycle progression, cytokines or growth factors promoting tissue repair and inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Several of these RC candidates appear promising, including at least two that are undergoing evaluation for fast-track clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Dumont
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie EA-3430, 3 rue de la Porte de l'Hôpital, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
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