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Cao L, Zhu Y, Wang W, Wang G, Zhang S, Cheng H. Emerging Nano-Based Strategies Against Drug Resistance in Tumor Chemotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:798882. [PMID: 34950650 PMCID: PMC8688801 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.798882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the most significant causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. Various mechanisms of drug resistance include tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, changes at cellular levels, genetic factors, and other mechanisms. In recent years, more attention has been paid to tumor resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. Nanomedicine is an emerging treatment platform, focusing on alternative drug delivery and improved therapeutic effectiveness while reducing side effects on normal tissues. Here, we reviewed the principal forms of drug resistance and the new possibilities that nanomaterials offer for overcoming these therapeutic barriers. Novel nanomaterials based on tumor types are an excellent modality to equalize drug resistance that enables gain more rational and flexible drug selectivity for individual patient treatment. With the emergence of advanced designs and alternative drug delivery strategies with different nanomaterials, overcome of multidrug resistance shows promising and opens new horizons for cancer therapy. This review discussed different mechanisms of drug resistance and recent advances in nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, aiming to show the advantages of nanomaterials in overcoming of drug resistance for tumor chemotherapy, which could accelerate the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weiju Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Gaoxiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Cha JE, Bae WY, Choi JS, Lee SH, Jeong JW. Angiogenic activities are increased via upregulation of HIF-1α expression in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:671. [PMID: 34345296 PMCID: PMC8323004 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating EGFR mutations; however, the emergence of secondary mutations in EGFR or the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs can develop and is involved in clinical failure. Since angiogenesis is associated with tumor progression and the blockade of antitumor drugs, inhibition of angiogenesis could be a rational strategy for developing anticancer drugs combined with EGFR-TKIs to treat patients with NSCLC. The signaling pathway mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is essential for tumor angiogenesis. The present study aimed to identify the dependence of gefitinib resistance on HIF-1α activity using angiogenesis assays, western blot analysis, colony formation assay, xenograft tumor mouse model and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues. In the NSCLC cell lines, HIF-1α protein expression levels and hypoxia-induced angiogenic activities were found to be increased. In a xenograft mouse tumor model, tumor tissues derived from gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells showed increased protein expression of HIF-1α and angiogenesis within the tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF-1α suppressed resistance to gefitinib, whereas overexpression of HIF-1α increased resistance to gefitinib. The results from the present study provides evidence that HIF-1α was associated with the acquisition of resistance to gefitinib and suggested that inhibiting HIF-1α alleviated gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woom-Yee Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy Enhances Cisplatin Resistance in Human Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8887437. [PMID: 33681390 PMCID: PMC7904373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8887437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of hypoxia on chemoresistance and the underlying mechanism in bladder cancer cells. Methods BIU-87 bladder cancer cell line was treated with cisplatin under hypoxic and normoxic conditions and tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. All the data were expressed as mean ± standard error from three independent experiments and analyzed by multiple t-tests. Results Apoptosis of bladder cancer cells caused by cisplatin was attenuated in hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia enhanced autophagy caused by cisplatin. The autophagy inhibitor and HIF-1α inhibitor can reverse the chemoresistance in hypoxic condition. Apoptosis and autophagy of bladder cancer cells were downregulated by HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1. Hypoxia-induced autophagy enhanced chemoresistance to cisplatin via the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Resistance to cisplatin in BIU-87 bladder cancer cells under hypoxic conditions can be explained by activation of autophagy, which is regulated by HIF-1α-associated signaling pathways. The hypoxia–autophagy pathway may be a target for improving the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in bladder cancer.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Li W, Xu Y, Zhuo Y, Li M, He Y, Wang X, Guo Q, Zhao L, Qiang L. Oroxylin A reverses hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance through inhibiting HIF-1α mediated XPC transcription. Oncogene 2020; 39:6893-6905. [PMID: 32978517 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key concern during the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) has been associated with increased tumor resistance to therapeutic modalities such as cisplatin. Compensatory activation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is the major mechanism that accounts for cisplatin resistance. In the present study, we suggest a novel strategy to improve the treatment of NSCLC and overcome the hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance by cotreatment with Oroxylin A, one of the main bioactive flavonoids of Scutellariae radix. Based on the preliminary screening, we found that xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), an important DNA damage recognition protein involved in NER, dramatically increased in hypoxic condition and contributed to hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance. Further data suggested that Oroxylin A significantly reversed the hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance through directly binding to HIF-1α bHLH-PAS domain and blocking its binding to HRE3 transcription factor binding sites on XPC promoter which is important to hypoxia-induced XPC transcription. Taken together, our findings not only demonstrate a crucial role of XPC dependent NER in hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance, but also suggest a previously unrecognized tumor suppressive mechanism of Oroxylin A in NSCLC which through sensitization of cisplatin-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Sanhueza C, Bennett JC, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Contreras P, Lobos-González L, Campos A, Wehinger S, Lladser Á, Kiessling R, Leyton L, Quest AF. Caveolin-1-Mediated Tumor Suppression Is Linked to Reduced HIF1α S-Nitrosylation and Transcriptional Activity in Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092349. [PMID: 32825247 PMCID: PMC7565942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a well-established nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, whose function as a tumor suppressor is favored by, but not entirely dependent on, the presence of E-cadherin. Tumors are frequently hypoxic and the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) promotes tumor growth. HIF1α is regulated by several post-translational modifications, including S-nitrosylation. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms underlying tumor suppression by CAV1 in cancer cells lacking E-cadherin in hypoxia. Our main findings are that CAV1 reduced HIF activity and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression in vitro and in vivo. This effect was neither due to reduced HIF1α protein stability or reduced nuclear translocation. Instead, HIF1α S-nitrosylation observed in hypoxia was diminished by the presence of CAV1, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity in cells to the same extent as observed upon CAV1 expression. Additionally, arginase inhibition by (S)-(2-Boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) partially rescued cells from the CAV1-mediated suppression of HIF1α transcriptional activity. In vivo, CAV1-mediated tumor suppression was dependent on NOS activity. In summary, CAV1-dependent tumor suppression in the absence of E-cadherin is linked to reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity via diminished NOS-mediated HIF1α S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago 7500921, Chile
| | - Jimena Castillo Bennett
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Álvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián; Santiago 7780272, Chile;
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Andrew F.G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29786832
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Afsar CU, Uysal P. HIF-1α Levels in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:1295-1299. [PMID: 31721962 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between treatment response and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS Eighty patients with NSCLC were included in the study and treated at Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Medical Faculty. HIF-1 α levels were measured before and after CRT by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS Patients' stages were as follows; stage IIIA (65%) and stage IIIB (35%). Squamous histology was 45%, adenocarcinoma was 44%, and others were 11%. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given concurrently to 80 patients. Forty-five (56%) patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and 35 (44%) received carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Serum HIF-1α levels (42.90 ± 10.55 pg/mL) after CRT were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels (63.10 ± 10.22 pg/mL, p<0.001) in patients with locally advanced NSCLC. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that serum HIF-1α levels decreased after CRT. Decrease of HIF-1α levels after the initiation of CRT may be useful for predicting the efficacy of CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Usul Afsar
- . Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Medical Faculty, Bakirkoy Acıbadem Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Uysal
- . Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Medical Faculty, Atakent Acıbadem Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Functional Interaction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha and Autophagy Mediates Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060755. [PMID: 31151160 PMCID: PMC6627604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in tumors have been associated with therapeutic resistance and with autophagy establishment. We examined the effects of stable knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression on autophagy and drug resistance in colon cancer cells. We found that under normoxic conditions, malignant cells exhibit increased basal levels of autophagy, compared with non-malignant cells, in addition to the previously reported coexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression resulted in increased autophagic and apoptotic cell death, indicating that the survival of cells is HIF-dependent. Cytotoxic-induced cell death was significantly increased by knockdown of HIFs but not by autophagy inhibition. Strikingly, although malignancy-resistant cells were sensitized to death by nutrient stress, the combination with HIF-2α depletion, but not with HIF-1α depletion, induced severe cell death. Oxidative stress levels were significantly increased as a result of HIF-2α specific inhibition or silencing suggesting that this may contribute to sensitize cells to death. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We found that coordinated autophagy and mTOR inhibition enhanced cell death and induced tumor remission only in HIF-2α-silenced cells. Finally, using a specific HIF-2α inhibitor alone or in combination with drugs in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells, overcame their resistance to 5-FU or CCI-779, thus emphasizing the crucial role played by HIF-2α in promoting resistance and cell survival.
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Zhou YL, Li YM, He WT. Oxygen-laden mesenchymal stem cells enhance the effect of gastric cancer chemotherapy in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1245-1252. [PMID: 30655891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important factor that results in failure of chemotherapy for the majority of solid tumor types, particularly for gastric cancer. In the present study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the ability to migrate to cancer tissues were used as a vehicle to supply oxygen to gastric cancer. The hemoglobin genes were transfected into MSCs as MSC-hemo groups. Subsequently, MSC-hemo groups were induced by isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside and hemin to express hemoglobin. The hemoglobin was detected by western blotting method. Following this, the MSC-hemo groups were placed in an atmosphere containing 100% oxygen and were used to investigate the effect of the function of the oxygen-laden MSC-hemo group on gastric cancer chemotherapy with an MTT assay. As a first approach to investigate the possibility of MSCs as a vehicle to supply oxygen to anoxic cancer types, including gastric, liver, breast cancer, the results indicated that the oxygen-laden MSC-hemo group significantly enhanced the effect of chemotherapeutic treatments on gastric cancer cells. Utilizing MSCs as a svehicle to supply oxygen to the solid tumor may be a novel method to improve the hypoxia conditions of tumor tissues and improve the effect of chemotherapy on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhou
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Chen M, Lu J, Wei W, Lv Y, Zhang X, Yao Y, Wang L, Ling T, Zou X. Effects of proton pump inhibitors on reversing multidrug resistance via downregulating V-ATPases/PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway through TSC1/2 complex and Rheb in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6705-6722. [PMID: 30349304 PMCID: PMC6188003 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to explore the effects of PPIs on reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy in gastric cancer by inhibiting the expression of V-ATPases and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signal pathway. Methods The gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and the multidrug resistance cell lines SGC7901/MDR were pretreated by the pantoprazole or the esomeprazole, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA levels, and western blotting and immunofluorescent staining analyses were employed to determine the protein expressions and intracellular distributions of the V-ATPases, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, HIF-1α, P-gp and MRP1 before and after PPIs pretreatment. SGC7901/MDR cells were planted on the athymic nude mice. Then the effects of PPZ pretreatment and/or ADR were compared by determining the tumor size, tumor weight and nude mice weight. Results PPIs pretreatment could inhibit mRNA levels of V-ATPases, MDR1 and MRP1, PI3K, Akt, mTOR and HIF-1α. PPIs inhibited V-ATPases and down-regulated the expressions of P-gp and MRP1. And further to block the expression of mTOR by Rapamycin could obviously inhibit the expressions of HIF-1α, P-gp and MRP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, PPIs inhibited the expressions of V-ATPases and then reversed MDR of the chemotherapy in gastric cancer by inhibiting P-gp and MRP1, and it could be speculated that the mechanism might be closely related to down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Meanwhile, PPIs also could inhibit the expressions of TSC1/TSC2 complex and Rheb which might be involved into regulating the signaling pathway intermediately. The weight growth rate of the mice bearing tumor in the treatment group was lower than that of the nude mice in the normal group, while the weight growth rate of the mice in control group was significantly lower than that of the normal group and the treatment group, presenting a downward trend. Conclusion Therefore, PPIs inhibited the expressions of V-ATPases and then reversed MDR of the chemotherapy in gastric cancer by inhibiting P-gp and MRP1, and it could be speculated that the mechanism might be closely related to down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway, and also to inhibiting the expressions of TSC1/TSC2 complex and Rheb which might be involved into regulating the signaling pathway intermediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yuling Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Tingsheng Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ; .,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China, ;
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STAT3 but Not HIF-1α Is Important in Mediating Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in MDA-MB-231, a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100137. [PMID: 29036915 PMCID: PMC5664076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance (HICR) is a well-recognized phenomenon, and in many experimental models, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is believed to be a key player. We aimed to better understand the mechanism underlying HICR in a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, with a focus on the role of HIF-1α. In this context, the effect of hypoxia on the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to cisplatin and their stem-like features was evaluated and the role of HIF-1α in both phenomena was assessed. Our results showed that hypoxia significantly increased MDA-MB-231 resistance to cisplatin. Correlating with this, intracellular uptake of cisplatin was significantly reduced under hypoxia. Furthermore, the stem-like features of MDA-MB-231 cells increased as evidenced by the significant increases in the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters, the proportion of CD44+/CD24− cells, clonogenic survival and cisplatin chemoresistance. Under hypoxia, both the protein level and DNA binding of HIF-1α was dramatically increased. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α did not result in an appreciable change to HICR. Instead, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was found to be important. STAT3 activation may confer HICR by upregulating ABC transporters, particularly ABCC2 and ABCC6. This study has demonstrated that, in MDA-MB-231 cells, STAT3 rather than HIF-1α is important in mediating HICR to cisplatin.
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Targeting Tumor Adaption to Chronic Hypoxia: Implications for Drug Resistance, and How It Can Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091854. [PMID: 28841148 PMCID: PMC5618503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of tumors limits the availability of oxygen and nutrients supplied from the tumor vasculature, thus exposing them to low oxygen environments. Thus, diminished oxygen availability, or hypoxia, is the most common microenvironment feature of nearly all solid tumors. All living cells have the ability to sense changes in oxygen tension and adapt to this stress to preserve survival. Likewise, cancer cells adapt to chronic hypoxic stress via several mechanisms, including promotion of angiogenic factor production, metabolic shift to consume less oxygen, and reduction of apoptotic potential. Adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia is believed to be the main driver for selection of more invasive and therapy-resistant cancer phenotypes. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells adapt to hypoxia, with a specific focus on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor. We further discuss the current understandings on hypoxia-mediated drug resistance and strategies to overcome it.
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12
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Canales J, Valenzuela M, Bravo J, Cerda-Opazo P, Jorquera C, Toledo H, Bravo D, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori Induced Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase/mTOR Activation Increases Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α to Promote Loss of Cyclin D1 and G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Gastric Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:92. [PMID: 28401064 PMCID: PMC5368181 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human gastric pathogen that has been linked to the development of several gastric pathologies, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. In the gastric epithelium, the bacterium modifies many signaling pathways, resulting in contradictory responses that favor both proliferation and apoptosis. Consistent with such observations, H. pylori activates routes associated with cell cycle progression and cell cycle arrest. H. pylori infection also induces the hypoxia-induced factor HIF-1α, a transcription factor known to promote expression of genes that permit metabolic adaptation to the hypoxic environment in tumors and angiogenesis. Recently, however, also roles for HIF-1α in the repair of damaged DNA and inhibition of gene expression were described. Here, we investigated signaling pathways induced by H. pylori in gastric cells that favor HIF-1α expression and the consequences thereof in infected cells. Our results revealed that H. pylori promoted PI3K/mTOR-dependent HIF-1α induction, HIF-1α translocation to the nucleus, and activity as a transcription factor as evidenced using a reporter assay. Surprisingly, however, transcription of known HIF-1α effector genes evaluated by qPCR analysis, revealed either no change (LDHA and GAPDH), statistically insignificant increases SLC2A1 (GLUT-1) or greatly enhance transcription (VEGFA), but in an HIF-1α-independent manner, as quantified by PCR analysis in cells with shRNA-mediated silencing of HIF-1α. Instead, HIF-1α knockdown facilitated G1/S progression and increased Cyclin D1 protein half-life, via a post-translational pathway. Taken together, these findings link H. pylori-induced PI3K-mTOR activation to HIF-1α induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by a Cyclin D1-dependent mechanism. Thus, HIF-1α is identified here as a mediator between survival and cell cycle arrest signaling activated by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Canales
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Cerda-Opazo
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Toledo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Oral, Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad De Odontología, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Facultad De Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares De la Célula, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Enfermedades Crónicas, Programa De Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Deadly diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, remain the major health problems worldwide. Research in cardiovascular diseases and genome-wide association studies were successful in indentifying the gene loci associated with these threatening diseases. Yet, a substantial number of casual factors remain unexplained. Over the last decade, a better understanding of molecular and biochemical mechanisms of cardiac diseases led to developing a rationale for combining various protective agents, such as polyphenols, to target multiple signaling pathways. The present review article summarizes recent advances of the use of polyphenols against diseases, such as cardiac diseases.
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14
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Steding CE. Creating chemotherapeutic-resistant breast cancer cell lines: advances and future perspectives. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1517-27. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance remains the most significant impediment to generating effective treatments for cancer. In the modern age of personalized medicine, it is of critical importance to understand the principles of both innate and acquired resistance to achieve the most effective therapeutic outcomes. Significant differences exist between cancer cells that exhibit innate resistance verses those that acquire resistance over time. Studying the acquisition of resistance is essential to obtaining a complete understanding of how treatments contribute to disease recurrence and progression. This review will evaluate the current understanding of chemotherapeutic resistance and its role in personalized medicine. This review will also explore how generating resistant cells in culture is essential to the development of improved cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Steding
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut St., Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
- The Department of Biology, Indiana State University, 600 Chestnut St., Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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15
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Wigerup C, Påhlman S, Bexell D. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:152-69. [PMID: 27139518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient tissue oxygenation, or hypoxia, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and has a profound impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. At decreased oxygen tensions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 are stabilized and mediate a hypoxic response, primarily by acting as transcription factors. HIFs exert differential effects on tumor growth and affect important cancer hallmarks including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, vascularization/angiogenesis, genetic instability, tumor metabolism, tumor immune responses, and invasion and metastasis. As a consequence, HIFs mediate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Intriguingly, perivascular tumor cells can also express HIF-2α, thereby forming a "pseudohypoxic" phenotype that further contributes to tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of HIFs in cancer has the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Different strategies to target hypoxic cancer cells and/or HIFs include hypoxia-activated prodrugs and inhibition of HIF dimerization, mRNA or protein expression, DNA binding capacity, and transcriptional activity. Here we review the functions of HIFs in the progression and treatment of malignant solid tumors. We also highlight how HIFs may be targeted to improve the management of patients with therapy-resistant and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wigerup
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Zhao C, Zhang Q, Yu T, Sun S, Wang W, Liu G. Hypoxia promotes drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:22-9. [PMID: 26998423 PMCID: PMC4782021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drug resistance has been recognized to be a major obstacle to the chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. And the potential importance of hypoxia as a target to reverse drug resistance in osteosarcoma has been indicated, though the mechanism underlining such role is not clarified. The present study aims to investigate the role of hypoxia in the drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells via activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Experimental design We investigated the promotion of the resistance to doxorubicin of osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2-os cells in vitro, and then determined the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α and HIF-1β, the activation and regulatory role of AMPK in the osteosarcoma U2-os cells which were treated with doxorubicin under hypoxia. Results It was demonstrated that hypoxia significantly reduced the sensitivity of MG-63 and U2-os cells to doxorubicin, indicating an inhibited viability reduction and a reduced apoptosis promotion. And such reduced sensitivity was not associated with HIF-1α, though it was promoted by hypoxia in U2-os cells. Interestingly, the AMPK signaling was significantly promoted by hypoxia in the doxorubicin-treated U2-os cells, with a marked upregulation of phosphorylated AMPK (Thr 172) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (Ser 79), which were sensitive to the AMPK activator, AICAR and the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. Moreover, the promoted AMPK activity by AICAR or the downregulated AMPK activity by Compound C significantly reduced or promoted the sensitivity of U2-os cells to doxorubicin. Conclusion The present study confirmed the AMPK signaling activation in the doxorubicin-treated osteosarcoma cells, in response to hypoxia, and the chemical upregulation or downregulation of AMPK signaling reduced or increased the chemo-sensitivity of osteosarcoma U2-os cells in vitro. Our study implies that AMPK inhibition might be a effective strategy to sensitize osteocarcoma cells to chemotherapy. AMPK signaling is activated by hypoxia in the doxorubicin-treated osteosarcoma cells. Chemical upregulation of AMPK desensitizes osteosarcoma U2-os cells to doxorubicin. AMPK inhibition sensitizes osteosarcoma U2-os cells to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Shudong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 of Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun 130033, China
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17
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Armitage EG, Kotze HL, Allwood JW, Dunn WB, Goodacre R, Williams KJ. Metabolic profiling reveals potential metabolic markers associated with Hypoxia Inducible Factor-mediated signalling in hypoxic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15649. [PMID: 26508589 PMCID: PMC4623531 DOI: 10.1038/srep15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) plays an important role in oxygen compromised environments and therefore in tumour survival. In this research, metabolomics has been applied to study HIFs metabolic function in two cell models: mouse hepatocellular carcinoma and human colon carcinoma, whereby the metabolism has been profiled for a range of oxygen potentials. Wild type cells have been compared to cells deficient in HIF signalling to reveal its effect on cellular metabolism under normal oxygen conditions as well as low oxygen, hypoxic and anoxic environments. Characteristic responses to hypoxia that were conserved across both cell models involved the anti-correlation between 2-hydroxyglutarate, 2-oxoglutarate, fructose, hexadecanoic acid, hypotaurine, pyruvate and octadecenoic acid with 4-hydroxyproline, aspartate, cysteine, glutamine, lysine, malate and pyroglutamate. Further to this, network-based correlation analysis revealed HIF specific pathway responses to each oxygen condition that were also conserved between cell models. From this, 4-hydroxyproline was revealed as a regulating hub in low oxygen survival of WT cells while fructose appeared to be in HIF deficient cells. Pathways surrounding these hubs were built from the direct connections of correlated metabolites that look beyond traditional pathways in order to understand the mechanism of HIF response to low oxygen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Armitage
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Helen L Kotze
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - J William Allwood
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York Place, off Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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18
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Lv Y, Zhao S, Han J, Zheng L, Yang Z, Zhao L. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces multidrug resistance protein in colon cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1941-8. [PMID: 26251616 PMCID: PMC4524588 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure in many solid tumors, including colon cancer. Hypoxic environment is a feature for all solid tumors and is important for the development of tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is the key transcription factor that mediates cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α has been shown to play an important role in tumor resistance; however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we found that HIF-1α and the drug resistance-associated gene multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) were induced by treatment of colon cancer cells with the hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride. Inhibition of HIF-1α by RNA interference and dominant-negative protein can significantly reduce the induction of MRP1 by hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a hypoxia response element is located at −378 to −373 bp upstream of the transcription start site of MRP1 gene. Luciferase reporter assay combined with mutation analysis confirmed that this element is essential for hypoxia-mediated activation of MRP gene. Furthermore, RNA interference revealed that HIF-1α is necessary for this hypoxia-driven activation of MRP1 promoter. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that HIF-1α could directly bind to this HRE site in vivo. Together, these data suggest that MRP1 is a downstream target gene of HIF-1α, which provides a potential novel mechanism for HIF-1α-mediated drug resistance in colon cancer and maybe other solid tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Likang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wu HM, Jiang ZF, Ding PS, Shao LJ, Liu RY. Hypoxia-induced autophagy mediates cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26201611 PMCID: PMC4511870 DOI: 10.1038/srep12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia which commonly exists in solid tumors, leads to cancer cells chemoresistance via provoking adaptive responses including autophagy. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the role of autophagy and hypoxia as well as the underlying mechanism in the cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia significantly protected A549 and SPC-A1 cells from cisplatin-induced cell death in a Hif-1α- and Hif-2α- dependent manner. Moreover, compared with normoxia, cisplatin-induced apoptosis under hypoxia was markedly reduced. However, when autophagy was inhibited by 3-MA or siRNA targeted ATG5, this reduction was effectively attenuated, which means autophagy mediates cisplatin resisitance under hypoxia. In parallel, we showed that hypoxia robustly augmented cisplatin-induced autophagy activation, accompanying by suppressing cisplatin-induced BNIP3 death pathways, which was due to the more efficient autophagic process under hypoxia. Consequently, we proposed that autophagy was a protective mechanism after cisplatin incubation under both normoxia and hypoxia. However, under normoxia, autophagy activation ‘was unable to counteract the stress induced by cisplatin, therefore resulting in cell death, whereas under hypoxia, autophagy induction was augmented that solved the cisplatin-induced stress, allowing the cells to survival. In conclusion, augmented induction of autophagy by hypoxia decreased lung cancer cells susceptibility to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zi-Feng Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pei-Shan Ding
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Li-Jie Shao
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rong-Yu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei 230022, China
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20
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Doktorova H, Hrabeta J, Khalil MA, Eckschlager T. Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in cancer cells: The role of not only HIF-1. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:166-77. [PMID: 26001024 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review is to provide the information about molecular basis of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance, focusing on the possibility of diagnostic and therapeutic use. RESULTS Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors and represents an independent prognostic factor in many cancers. It is the result of imbalances in the intake and consumption of oxygen caused by abnormal vessels in the tumor and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, melphalan, 5-flouoruracil, gemcitabine, and docetaxel has been reported in a number of experiments. Adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia has important biological effects. The most studied factor responsible for these effects is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) that significantly contributes to the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of different tumors. The HIF-1 complex, induced by hypoxia, binds to target genes, thereby increasing the expression of many genes. In addition, the expression of hundreds of genes can be also decreased in response to hypoxia in HIF-1 dependent manner, but without the detection of HIF-1 in these genes' promoters. HIF-1 independent mechanisms for drug resistance in hypoxia have been described, however, they are still rarely reported. The first clinical studies focusing on diagnosis of hypoxia and on inhibition of hypoxia-induced changes in cancer cells are starting to yield results. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation to hypoxia requires many genetic and biochemical responses that regulate one another. Hypoxia-induced resistance is a very complex field and we still know very little about it. Different approaches to circumvent hypoxia in tumors are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Doktorova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Zhao J, Du F, Luo Y, Shen G, Zheng F, Xu B. The emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 involved in chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:623-33. [PMID: 25981453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic condition is a common feature that negatively impacts the efficacy of radio- and chemotherapy in solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1, 2, 3) predominantly regulate the adaptation to hypoxia at the cellular or organismal level. HIF-2 is one of the three known alpha subunits of HIF transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that HIF-1 is associated with chemotherapy failure. Accumulating evidence in recent years suggests that HIF-2 also contributes to chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors. Despite sharing similar structures, HIF-1α and HIF-2α had highly divergent and even opposing roles in solid tumors under hypoxic conditions. Recent studies have also implied that HIF-2α had a role in chemo/radioresistance through different mechanisms, at least partly, compared to HIF-1α. The present paper summarizes the function of HIF-2 in chemo/radioresistance in solid tumors as well as some of its novel mechanisms that contributed to this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuda Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fangchao Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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22
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Naruse T, Yanamoto S, Yamada SI, Rokutanda S, Kawakita A, Kawasaki G, Umeda M. Anti-Tumor Effect of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Everolimus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:765-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Zaccarelli E, Caruso D, Zoratto F, Benedetti Panici P, Tomao S. Angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents in cervical cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:2237-48. [PMID: 25506227 PMCID: PMC4259513 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s68286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatment of cervical cancer (CC) consists of surgery in the early stages and of chemoradiation in locally advanced disease. Metastatic CC has a poor prognosis and is usually treated with palliative platinum-based chemotherapy. Current chemotherapeutic regimens are associated with significant adverse effects and only limited activity, making identification of active and tolerable novel targeted agents a high priority. Angiogenesis is a complex process that plays a crucial role in the development of many types of cancer. The dominant role of angiogenesis in CC seems to be directly related to human papillomavirus-related inhibition of p53 and stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Both of these mechanisms are able to increase expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Activation of VEGF promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration, favoring formation of new blood vessels and increasing permeability of existing blood vessels. Since bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody binding to all isoforms of VEGF, has been demonstrated to significantly improve survival in gynecologic cancer, some recent clinical research has explored the possibility of using novel therapies directed toward inhibition of angiogenesis in CC too. Here we review the main results from studies concerning the use of antiangiogenic drugs that are being investigated for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zaccarelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Federica Zoratto
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Oncology Unit, ICOT, Latina, Italy
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Wilson MK, Baguley BC, Wall C, Jameson MB, Findlay MP. Review of high-dose intravenous vitamin C as an anticancer agent. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 10:22-37. [PMID: 24571058 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the 1970s, Pauling and Cameron reported increased survival of patients with advanced cancer treated with high-dose intravenous (IV) vitamin C (L-ascorbate, ascorbic acid). These studies were criticized for their retrospective nature and lack of standardization of key prognostic factors including performance status. Subsequently, several well-designed randomized controlled trials failed to demonstrate a significant survival benefit, although these trials used high-dose oral vitamin C. Marked differences are now recognized in the pharmacokinetics of vitamin C with oral and IV administration, opening the issue of therapeutic efficacy to question. In vitro evidence suggests that vitamin C functions at low concentrations as an antioxidant but may have pro-oxidant activity at high concentrations. The mechanism of its pro-oxidant action is not fully understood, and both intra- and extracellular mechanisms that generate hydrogen peroxide have been proposed. It remains to be proven whether vitamin C-induced reactive oxygen species occur in vivo and, if so, whether this will translate to a clinical benefit. Current clinical evidence for a therapeutic effect of high-dose IV vitamin C is ambiguous, being based on case series. The interpretation and validation of these studies is hindered by limited correlation of plasma vitamin C concentrations with response. The methodology exists to determine if there is a role for high-dose IV vitamin C in the treatment of cancer, but the limited understanding of its pharmacodynamic properties makes this challenging. Currently, the use of high-dose IV vitamin C cannot be recommended outside of a clinical trial.
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Bryant JL, Meredith SL, Williams KJ, White A. Targeting hypoxia in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 86:126-32. [PMID: 25201720 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely aggressive disease for which minimal therapeutic improvements have been made over the last few decades. Patients still rely on non-targeted, chemotherapeutic drugs complemented by irradiation. Although initial response is very good, the majority of SCLC patients invariably relapse with therapy-resistant tumours. Despite the link between pathologically low oxygen levels and therapy resistant tumours, hypoxia has gained little attention in the development of novel therapies for SCLC. In contrast, the advantages of targeting hypoxic cells in many other cancer types have been studied extensively. This review describes the reasons for targeting hypoxia in SCLC and outlines strategies undertaken to enhance hypoxic tumour cell death, including the use of bioreductive prodrugs, the targeting of HIF-1α and the induction of cell death through acidosis. Therapy directed towards hypoxic tumour regions has the potential to greatly enhance the response of SCLC tumours to current treatment regimens and represents an area of research in need of greater attention. Such research could lead to the much sought after development of targeted drugs against SCLC tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bryant
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - S L Meredith
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - K J Williams
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - A White
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Huang X, Zhou J, Liu J, Tang B, Zhao F, Qu Y. Biological characteristics of prostate cancer cells are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1217-1221. [PMID: 25120692 PMCID: PMC4114631 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α has been reported to be associated with malignancy in a number of types of cancer. However, the role of HIF-1 α in the regulation of prostate cancer (PCa) growth has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HIF-1α on the biological characteristics of the PCa PC3 cell line. Full-length (fL) HIF-1α and dominant-negative (dn) HIF-1α were transfected into PC3 cells. The expression of HIF-1α and its downstream genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), were detected using western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were assessed using MTT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and Boyden chamber assays. The expression of VEGF, EPO and CXCR4 was found to be upregulated in the fL HIF-1α-transfected PC3 cells and downregulated in the dn HIF-1α-transfected PC3 cells. The overexpression of HIF-1α was observed to enhance cell proliferation and migration and decrease docetaxol-induced cell apoptosis. However, dn HIF-1α was found to attenuate cell proliferation and migration, and promote docetaxol-induced cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that HIF-1α regulates the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of PC3 cells, at least in part, by regulating the expression of its target genes, including VEGF, EPO and CXCR4. Thus, the use of HIF-1α inhibitors may be a promising therapy for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Binzhi Tang
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Chen J, Ding Z, Peng Y, Pan F, Li J, Zou L, Zhang Y, Liang H. HIF-1α inhibition reverses multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells via downregulation of MDR1/P-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98882. [PMID: 24901645 PMCID: PMC4047061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons chemotherapy-based treatments fail. Hypoxia is generally associated with tumor chemoresistance. However, the correlation between the heterodimeric hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene/transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of reversing colon cancer MDR by focusing on the target gene HIF-1α. Methods A chemotherapeutic sensitivity assay was used to observe the efficiency of MDR reversal in LoVo multicellular spheroids (MCS). The apoptotic level induced by different drugs was examined by flow cytometry (FCM). Binding of HIF-1α to the MDR1 gene promoter was evaluated by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The relationship between HIF-1α/P-gp expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy was analyzed. Results The sensitivity of LoVo MCS to all four chemotherapy drugs was decreased to varying degrees under hypoxic conditions. After silencing the HIF-1α gene, the sensitivities of LoVo MCS to all four chemotherapy drugs were restored. The apoptotic levels that all the drugs induced were all decreased to various extents in the hypoxic group. After silencing HIF-1α, the apoptosis level induced by all four chemotherapy drugs increased. The expression of HIF-1α and P-gp was significantly enhanced in LoVo MCS after treatment with hypoxia. Inhibiting HIF-1α significantly decreased the expression of MDR1/P-gp mRNA or protein in both the LoVo monolayers and LoVo MCS. The ChIP assay showed that HIF-1α was bound to the MDR1 gene promoter. Advanced colon carcinoma patients with expression of both HIF-1α and P-gp were more resistant to chemotherapy than that with non expression. Conclusions HIF-1α inhibition reverses multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells via downregulation of MDR1/P-gp. The expression of HIF-1α and MDR1/P-gp can be used as a predictive marker for chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yonghai Peng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Zou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Klein O, Rohwer N, de Molina KF, Mergler S, Wessendorf P, Herrmann M, Klose J, Cramer T. Application of two-dimensional gel-based mass spectrometry to functionally dissect resistance to targeted cancer therapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:813-24. [PMID: 24307263 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of gastric cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, characterized by robust therapy resistance. The oncoprotein hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is associated with therapy resistance, partly via activation of the DNA damage response. We have noted a robust ability of gastric cancer cells to functionally compensate the loss of HIF-1 in vitro. The purpose of this study was to identify molecular pathways that underlie this compensation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed 2DE to compare the nuclear proteome of wild-type and HIF-1-deficient gastric cancer cells. Differently expressed protein spots were identified via MS). After bioinformatic evaluation, functional validation of selected identified pathways was performed. RESULTS 2DE displayed a total of 2523 protein spots, from which 87 were identified as regulated by HIF-1. Seventy of the identified spots were different proteins and 17 were isoforms. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that a significant amount of the identified proteins were related to cellular survival pathways. Specifically, members of the proteasome pathway were found upregulated upon loss of HIF-1. Combined inhibition of HIF-1 and the proteasome inflicted significant DNA damage, supporting the hypothesis that the proteasome is of functional importance to compensate the loss of HIF-1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data show robust and functional changes of the nuclear proteome upon inactivation of the HIF-1 oncoprotein in gastric cancer cells. We propose that 2DE-MS represents a useful tool to functionally dissect resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy and to identify novel targets for antiproliferative combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Klein
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lei T, Fernandez-Fernandez A, Manchanda R, Huang YC, McGoron AJ. Near-infrared dye loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy and cellular response after laser-induced heating. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:313-322. [PMID: 24778954 PMCID: PMC3999826 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, researchers have focused on developing new biomaterials for cancer therapy that combine imaging and therapeutic agents. In our study, we use a new biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, termed poly(glycerol malate co-dodecanedioate) (PGMD), for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and loading of near-infrared (NIR) dyes. IR820 was chosen for the purpose of imaging and hyperthermia (HT). HT is currently used in clinical trials for cancer therapy in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One of the potential problems of HT is that it can up-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression and enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. RESULTS We explored cellular response after rapid, short-term and low thermal dose laser-IR820-PGMD NPs (laser/NPs) induced-heating, and compared it to slow, long-term and high thermal dose heating by a cell incubator. The expression levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), HIF-1 and VEGF following the two different modes of heating. The cytotoxicity of NPs after laser/NP HT resulted in higher cell killing compared to incubator HT. The ROS level was highly elevated under incubator HT, but remained at the baseline level under the laser/NP HT. Our results show that elevated ROS expression inside the cells could result in the promotion of HIF-1 expression after incubator induced-HT. The VEGF secretion was also significantly enhanced compared to laser/NP HT, possibly due to the promotion of HIF-1. In vitro cell imaging and in vivo healthy mice imaging showed that IR820-PGMD NPs can be used for optical imaging. CONCLUSION IR820-PGMD NPs were developed and used for both imaging and therapy purposes. Rapid and short-term laser/NP HT, with a low thermal dose, does not up-regulate HIF-1 and VEGF expression, whereas slow and long term incubator HT, with a high thermal dose, enhances the expression of both transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Lei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Cirle, 1951 NW 7th Ave, Suite 13016, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Dr., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Romila Manchanda
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, UP, 201308, India
| | - Yen-Chih Huang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Anthony J McGoron
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Willmott LJ, Monk BJ. Cervical cancer therapy: current, future and anti-angiogensis targeted treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:895-903. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cancer Hypoxia and the Tumour Microenvironment as Effectors of Cancer Metabolism. CORRELATION-BASED NETWORK ANALYSIS OF CANCER METABOLISM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0615-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Case Study: Systems Biology of HIF Metabolism in Cancer. CORRELATION-BASED NETWORK ANALYSIS OF CANCER METABOLISM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0615-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Xuan Y, Hur H, Ham IH, Yun J, Lee JY, Shim W, Kim YB, Lee G, Han SU, Cho YK. Dichloroacetate attenuates hypoxia-induced resistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer through the regulation of glucose metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2013; 321:219-30. [PMID: 24342832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether gastric cancer with hypoxia-induced resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could be re-sensitized following treatment with low-dose dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of the glycolytic pathway. The expression profiles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1) were analyzed in tissues from 10 patients with gastric cancer who had different responses to adjuvant 5-FU treatment. For the in vitro assays, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated with and without treatment with 20mM DCA in the AGS and MKN45 cell lines, as well as in PDK1 knockdown cell lines. The expression levels of HIF-1α and PDK-1 were both elevated in the tumor tissues relative to the normal gastric tissues of most patients who showed recurrence after adjuvant 5-FU treatment. Cellular viability tests showed that these cell lines had a lower sensitivity to 5-FU under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. Moreover, the addition of 20mM DCA only increased the sensitivity of these cells to 5-FU under hypoxic conditions, and the resistance to 5-FU under hypoxia was also attenuated in PDK1 knockdown cell lines. In conclusion, DCA treatment was able to re-sensitize gastric cancer cells with hypoxia-induced resistance to 5-FU through the alteration of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xuan
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; Institute for Gastric Cancer Mechanism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kwan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 regulates the microRNA185 expression through binding to hypoxia response elements sequence 2. Med Oncol 2013; 30:756. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Scartozzi M, Giampieri R, Loretelli C, Bittoni A, Mandolesi A, Faloppi L, Bianconi M, Del Prete M, Andrikou K, Bearzi I, Cascinu S. Tumor angiogenesis genotyping and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1991-8. [PMID: 24090479 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Besides correlating with prognosis, tumor-driven angiogenesis also seemed able to influence response/resistance to chemotherapy in preclinical models. We examined the role of tumor angiogenesis genotyping in determining clinical outcome in metastatic gastric cancer patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. PATIENTS & METHODS VEGF-A, VEGF-C, FLT1, KDR and FLT4 genotyping was analyzed in gastric tumors from patients receiving platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. RESULTS VEGF-A rs25648 correlated with response rate (partial response: 18% among patients showing the VEGF-A rs25648 CT or TT genotype vs 44% among patients showing the VEGF-A rs25648 C genotype; p = 0.04). At multivariate analysis only VEGF-A rs25648 maintained an independent role in determining median progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.65 95% CI: 1.12-2.78) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.65). CONCLUSION VEGF-A rs25648 genotyping may help identify a patient subgroup unlikely to benefit from a first-line, platinum-based combination and potential candidates for alternative therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Clinica di Oncologia Medica, AO Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a significant feature of solid tumor cancers. Hypoxia leads to a more malignant phenotype that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, is more invasive and has greater metastatic potential. Hypoxia activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which mediates the biological effects of hypoxia in tissues. The HIF complex acts as a transcription factor for many genes that increase tumor survival and proliferation. To date, many HIF pathway inhibitors indirectly affect HIF but there have been no clinically approved direct HIF inhibitors. This can be attributed to the complexity of the HIF pathway, as well as to the challenges of inhibiting protein-protein interactions.
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Adamski J, Price A, Dive C, Makin G. Hypoxia-induced cytotoxic drug resistance in osteosarcoma is independent of HIF-1Alpha. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65304. [PMID: 23785417 PMCID: PMC3681794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates from childhood cancer have improved dramatically in the last 40 years, such that over 80% of children are now cured. However in certain subgroups, including metastatic osteosarcoma, survival has remained stubbornly poor, despite dose intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Hypoxia is common in adult solid tumours and is associated with treatment resistance and poorer outcome. Hypoxia induces chemotherapy resistance in paediatric tumours including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, in vitro, and this drug resistance is dependent on the oxygen-regulated transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). In this study the effects of hypoxia on the response of the osteosarcoma cell lines 791T, HOS and U2OS to the clinically relevant cytotoxics cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide were evaluated. Significant hypoxia-induced resistance to all three agents was seen in all three cell lines and hypoxia significantly reduced drug-induced apoptosis. Hypoxia also attenuated drug-induced activation of p53 in the p53 wild-type U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Drug resistance was not induced by HIF-1α stabilisation in normoxia by cobalt chloride nor reversed by the suppression of HIF-1α in hypoxia by shRNAi, siRNA, dominant negative HIF or inhibition with the small molecule NSC-134754, strongly suggesting that hypoxia-induced drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells is independent of HIF-1α. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway using the inhibitor PI-103 did not reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance, suggesting the hypoxic activation of Akt in osteosarcoma cells does not play a significant role in hypoxia-induced drug resistance. Targeting hypoxia is an exciting prospect to improve current anti-cancer therapy and combat drug resistance. Significant hypoxia-induced drug resistance in osteosarcoma cells highlights the potential importance of hypoxia as a target to reverse drug resistance in paediatric osteosarcoma. The novel finding of HIF-1α independent drug resistance suggests however other hypoxia related targets may be more relevant in paediatric osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Adamski
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Price
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Makin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fallica B, Maffei JS, Villa S, Makin G, Zaman M. Alteration of cellular behavior and response to PI3K pathway inhibition by culture in 3D collagen gels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48024. [PMID: 23110163 PMCID: PMC3479126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most investigations into cancer cell drug response are performed with cells cultured on flat (2D) tissue culture plastic. Emerging research has shown that the presence of a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for normal cell behavior including migration, adhesion, signaling, proliferation and apoptosis. In this study we investigate differences between cancer cell signaling in 2D culture and a 3D ECM, employing real-time, live cell tracking to directly observe U2OS human osteosarcoma and MCF7 human breast cancer cells embedded in type 1 collagen gels. The activation of the important PI3K signaling pathway under these different growth conditions is studied, and the response to inhibition of both PI3K and mTOR with PI103 investigated. Cells grown in 3D gels show reduced proliferation and migration as well as reduced PI3K pathway activation when compared to cells grown in 2D. Our results quantitatively demonstrate that a collagen ECM can protect U2OS cells from PI103. Overall, our data suggests that 3D gels may provide a better medium for investigation of anti-cancer drugs than 2D monolayers, therefore allowing better understanding of cellular response and behavior in native like environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fallica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Maffei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shaun Villa
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, and School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Makin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, and School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deacon K, Onion D, Kumari R, Watson SA, Knox AJ. Elevated SP-1 transcription factor expression and activity drives basal and hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39967-81. [PMID: 22992725 PMCID: PMC3501049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF plays a central role in angiogenesis in cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors have increased microvascular density, localized hypoxia, and high VEGF expression levels; however, there is a lack of understanding of how oncogenic and tumor microenvironment changes such as hypoxia lead to greater VEGF expression in lung and other cancers. We show that NSCLC cells secreted higher levels of VEGF than normal airway epithelial cells. Actinomycin D inhibited all NSCLC VEGF secretion, and VEGF minimal promoter-luciferase reporter constructs were constitutively active until the last 85 base pairs before the transcription start site containing three SP-1 transcription factor-binding sites; mutation of these VEGF promoter SP-1-binding sites eliminated VEGF promoter activity. Furthermore, dominant negative SP-1, mithramycin A, and SP-1 shRNA decreased VEGF promoter activity, whereas overexpression of SP-1 increased VEGF promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated SP-1, p300, and PCA/F histone acetyltransferase binding and histone H4 hyperacetylation at the VEGF promoter in NSCLC cells. Cultured NSCLC cells expressed higher levels of SP-1 protein than normal airway epithelial cells, and double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed a strong correlation between SP-1 and VEGF in human NSCLC tumors. In addition, hypoxia-driven VEGF expression in NSCLC cells was SP-1-dependent, with hypoxia increasing SP-1 activity and binding to the VEGF promoter. These studies are the first to demonstrate that overexpression of SP-1 plays a central role in hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deacon
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Maxwell PJ, Coulter J, Walker SM, McKechnie M, Neisen J, McCabe N, Kennedy RD, Salto-Tellez M, Albanese C, Waugh DJJ. Potentiation of inflammatory CXCL8 signalling sustains cell survival in PTEN-deficient prostate carcinoma. Eur Urol 2012; 64:177-88. [PMID: 22939387 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and genetic instability are enabling characteristics of prostate carcinoma (PCa). Inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is prevalent in early PCa. The relationship of PTEN deficiency to inflammatory signalling remains to be characterised. OBJECTIVE To determine how loss of PTEN functionality modulates expression and efficacy of clinically relevant, proinflammatory chemokines in PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Experiments were performed in established cell-based PCa models, supported by pathologic analysis of chemokine expression in prostate tissue harvested from PTEN heterozygous (Pten(+/-)) mice harbouring inactivation of one PTEN allele. INTERVENTIONS Small interfering RNA (siRNA)- or small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-directed strategies were used to repress PTEN expression and resultant interleukin-8 (CXCL8) signalling, determined under normal and hypoxic culture conditions. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Changes in chemokine expression in PCa cells and tissue were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry; effects of chemokine signalling on cell function were assessed by cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, and survival assays. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Transient (siRNA) or prolonged (shRNA) PTEN repression increased expression of CXCL8 and its receptors, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 1 and CXCR2, in PCa cells. Hypoxia-induced increases in CXCL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 expression were greater in magnitude and duration in PTEN-depleted cells. Autocrine CXCL8 signalling was more efficacious in PTEN-depleted cells, inducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription and regulating genes involved in survival and angiogenesis. Increased expression of the orthologous chemokine KC was observed in regions displaying atypical cytologic features in Pten(+/-) murine prostate tissue relative to normal epithelium in wild-type PTEN (Pten(WT)) glands. Attenuation of CXCL8 signalling decreased viability of PCa cells harbouring partial or complete PTEN loss through promotion of G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The current absence of clinical validation is a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS PTEN loss induces a selective upregulation of CXCL8 signalling that sustains the growth and survival of PTEN-deficient prostate epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Maxwell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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p53 Ser15 phosphorylation disrupts the p53-RPA70 complex and induces RPA70-mediated DNA repair in hypoxia. Biochem J 2012; 443:811-20. [PMID: 22288499 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stressors are known to inhibit the p53-RPA70 (replication protein A, 70 kDa subunit) complex, and RPA70 increases cellular DNA repair in cancer cells. We hypothesized that regulation of RPA70-mediated DNA repair might be responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis in hypoxic tumours. We have shown that, in cancer cells, hypoxia disrupts the p53-RPA70 complex, thereby enhancing RPA70-mediated NER (nucleotide excision repair)/NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) repair. In normal cells, RPA70 binds to the p53-NTD (N-terminal domain), whereas this binding is disrupted in hypoxia. Phosphorylation of p53-NTD is a crucial event in dissociating both NTD-RPA70 and p53-RPA70 complexes. Serial mutations at serine and threonine residues in the NTD confirm that p53(Ser15) phosphorylation induces dissociation of the p53-RPA70 complex in hypoxia. DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) is shown to induce p53(Ser15) phosphorylation, thus enhancing RPA70-mediated NER/NHEJ repair. Furthermore, RPA70 gene silencing induces significant increases in cellular apoptosis in the resistant hypoxic cancer cells. We have thus elucidated a novel pathway showing how DNA-PK-mediated p53(Ser15) phosphorylation dissociates the p53-RPA70 complex, thus enhancing NER/NHEJ repair, which causes resistance to apoptosis in hypoxic cancer cells. This novel finding may open new strategies in developing cancer therapeutics on the basis of the regulation of RPA70-mediated NER/NHEJ repair.
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Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of microRNA-199a inhibits cell proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62:237-44. [PMID: 21847633 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-199a (miR-199a) is a highly conserved miRNA, always deregulated in numerous human tumors. The results of microarray analysis indicated that miR-199a was frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of miR-199a in 11 pairs of matched HCC neoplastic and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues, 5 HCC cell lines and liver cell line L02 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. We found miR-199a was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues when compared with pair-matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. We also found the expression level of miR-199a was also substantially decreased in several human HCC cell lines including SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, BEL-7701, MHCC97H, and HepG2. To investigate the role of miR-199a in tumorigenesis, we developed a lentiviral vector for the expression of pre-miR-199a (Lenti-miR-199a). Lenti-miR-199a inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Compared to parental cells or cells transfected with a control vector, the overexpression of microRNA-199a in the HCC cell lines HepG2 stably was showed to reduce cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay revealed the regulation of miR-199a on 3'-UTR of HIF-1α. Further investigation confirmed that miR-199a significantly reduced the endogenous protein level of HIF-1α in hypoxia. MiR-199a inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo partly through down-regulation of HIF-1α in human HCC. Thus, these studies provide an important new insight into the pathogenesis of human HCC and it may open a new perspective for the development of effective gene therapy for human HCC.
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Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factors: mediators of cancer progression and targets for cancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:207-14. [PMID: 22398146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1102] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate adaptive physiological responses to hypoxia. In human cancers that are accessible for O(2) electrode measurements, intratumoral hypoxia is common and severe hypoxia is associated with increased risk of mortality. HIF activity in regions of intratumoral hypoxia mediates angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-cell maintenance, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A growing number of drugs have been identified that inhibit HIF activity by a variety of molecular mechanisms. Because many of these drugs are already FDA-approved for other indications, clinical trials can (and should) be initiated to test the hypothesis that incorporation of HIF inhibitors into current standard-of-care therapy will increase the survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Kang SG, Lee WH, Lee YH, Lee YS, Kim SG. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibition by a pyrrolopyrazine metabolite of oltipraz as a consequence of microRNAs 199a-5p and 20a induction. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:661-669. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Klymenko T, Brandenburg M, Morrow C, Dive C, Makin G. The novel Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 is more effective in hypoxia and is able to reverse hypoxia-induced drug resistance in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2373-83. [PMID: 22006676 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor of childhood and advanced disease carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors because of poorly organized tumor-induced neovasculature. Hypoxia is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of tumor types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in neuroblastoma and other pediatric tumors in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of tumor cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by Bcl-2 family proteins. ABT-737 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of tumor types. Neuroblastoma cell lines are relatively resistant to ABT-737-induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in hypoxia. This sensitization is because of an increase in ABT-737-induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) α. In contrast to the situation in colon carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells, hypoxia does not result in downregulation of the known ABT-737 resistance factor, Mcl-1, nor any other Bcl-2 family proteins. ABT-737 sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of oxygen, and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under hypoxia when neuroblastoma cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of ABT-737 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming hypoxia-induced drug resistance in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Klymenko
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including breast cancer. The master regulator of the hypoxic response is the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). It is becoming clear that HIF-1α expression alone is not a reliable marker of tumor response to hypoxia, and recent studies have focused on determining gene and microRNA (miRNA) signatures for this complex process. The results of these studies are likely to pave the way towards the development of a robust hypoxia signature for breast and other cancers that will be useful for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we outline the existing markers of hypoxia and recently identified gene and miRNA expression signatures, and discuss their potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We also highlight how the hypoxia response is being targeted in the development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Favaro
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Burrows N, Babur M, Resch J, Williams KJ, Brabant G. Hypoxia-inducible factor in thyroid carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:762905. [PMID: 21765994 PMCID: PMC3134378 DOI: 10.4061/2011/762905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoural hypoxia (low oxygen tension) is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 is a transcription factor activated by hypoxia that regulates the expression of genes that promote tumour cell survival, progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemo/radiotherapy. In addition to hypoxia, HIF-1 can be activated by growth factor-signalling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases- (MAPK-) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases- (PI3K-) signalling cascades. Mutations in these pathways are common in thyroid carcinoma and lead to enhanced HIF-1 expression and activity. Here, we summarise current data that highlights the potential role of both hypoxia and MAPK/PI3K-induced HIF-1 signalling in thyroid carcinoma progression, metastatic characteristics, and the potential role of HIF-1 in thyroid carcinoma response to radiotherapy. Direct or indirect targeting of HIF-1 using an MAPK or PI3K inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy may be a new potential therapeutic target to improve the therapeutic response of thyroid carcinoma to radiotherapy and reduce metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Lee JM, Lee WH, Kay HY, Kim ES, Moon A, Kim SG. Hemin, an iron-binding porphyrin, inhibits HIF-1α induction through its binding with heat shock protein 90. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:716-27. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wilczynski J, Duechler M, Czyz M. Targeting NF-κB and HIF-1 pathways for the treatment of cancer: part II. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:301-7. [PMID: 21625847 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia that originates from disturbed growth of solid tumors initiates a cascade of intracellular events engaging hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. Overexpression of HIF has been confirmed in solid tumors and was unfortunately accompanied with chemo- and radioresistance observed in many patients. Multiple cellular pathways resulting in HIF activation could be successfully inhibited by use of different kinds of drugs (e.g. topotecan, heat shock protein 90 and mTOR inhibitors, YC-1, pleurotin or 2-methoxyestradiol), which are being subjected into intensive investigation in clinical trials.
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50
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Harrison LRE, Micha D, Brandenburg M, Simpson KL, Morrow CJ, Denneny O, Hodgkinson C, Yunus Z, Dempsey C, Roberts D, Blackhall F, Makin G, Dive C. Hypoxic human cancer cells are sensitized to BH-3 mimetic–induced apoptosis via downregulation of the Bcl-2 protein Mcl-1. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1075-87. [PMID: 21393866 DOI: 10.1172/jci43505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors contain hypoxic regions in which cancer cells are often resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cell death. Therapeutic strategies that specifically target hypoxic cells and promote apoptosis are particularly appealing, as few normal tissues experience hypoxia. We have found that the compound ABT-737, a Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH-3) mimetic, promotes apoptotic cell death in human colorectal carcinoma and small cell lung cancer cell lines exposed to hypoxia. This hypoxic induction of apoptosis was mediated through downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), a Bcl-2 family protein that serves as a biomarker for ABT-737 resistance. Downregulation of Mcl-1 in hypoxia was independent of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activity and was consistent with decreased global protein translation. In addition, ABT-737 induced apoptosis deep within tumor spheroids, consistent with an optimal hypoxic oxygen tension being necessary to promote ABT-737–induced cell death. Tumor xenografts in ABT-737–treated mice also displayed significantly more apoptotic cells within hypoxic regions relative to normoxic regions. Synergies between ABT-737 and other cytotoxic drugs were maintained in hypoxia, suggesting that this drug may be useful in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, these findings suggest that Mcl-1–sparing BH-3 mimetics may induce apoptosis in hypoxic tumor cells that are resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents and may have a role in combinatorial chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R E Harrison
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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