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Bartaula-Brevik S, Leitch C, Hernandez-Valladares M, Aasebø E, Berven FS, Selheim F, Brenner AK, Rye KP, Hagen M, Reikvam H, McCormack E, Bruserud Ø, Tvedt THA. Vacuolar ATPase Is a Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on Patient Heterogeneity and Treatment Toxicity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5546. [PMID: 37685612 PMCID: PMC10488188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is regarded as a possible target in cancer treatment. It is expressed in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML), but the expression varies between patients and is highest for patients with a favorable prognosis after intensive chemotherapy. We therefore investigated the functional effects of two V-ATPase inhibitors (bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A) for primary AML cells derived from 80 consecutive patients. The V-ATPase inhibitors showed dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects that varied considerably between patients. A proteomic comparison of primary AML cells showing weak versus strong antiproliferative effects of V-ATPase inhibition showed a differential expression of proteins involved in intracellular transport/cytoskeleton functions, and an equivalent phosphoproteomic comparison showed a differential expression of proteins that regulate RNA processing/function together with increased activity of casein kinase 2. Patients with secondary AML, i.e., a heterogeneous subset with generally adverse prognosis and previous cytotoxic therapy, myeloproliferative neoplasia or myelodysplastic syndrome, were characterized by a strong antiproliferative effect of V-ATPase inhibition and also by a specific mRNA expression profile of V-ATPase interactome proteins. Furthermore, the V-ATPase inhibition altered the constitutive extracellular release of several soluble mediators (e.g., chemokines, interleukins, proteases, protease inhibitors), and increased mediator levels in the presence of AML-supporting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was then observed, especially for patients with secondary AML. Finally, animal studies suggested that the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin had limited toxicity, even when combined with cytarabine. To conclude, V-ATPase inhibition has antileukemic effects in AML, but this effect varies between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bartaula-Brevik
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Calum Leitch
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (C.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Elise Aasebø
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (F.S.B.); (F.S.)
- The Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Kristin Paulsen Rye
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Marie Hagen
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, 5015 Bergen, Norway; (C.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Henrik Anderson Tvedt
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (S.B.-B.); (M.H.-V.); (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (K.P.R.); (M.H.); (H.R.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Suhail Y, Chang H, Hubbi ME, Hamidzadeh A, Goyal R, Liu Y, Sun P, Nicoli S, Dang CV, Levchenko A. Lactate-dependent chaperone-mediated autophagy induces oscillatory HIF-1α activity promoting proliferation of hypoxic cells. Cell Syst 2022; 13:1048-1064.e7. [PMID: 36462504 PMCID: PMC10012408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Response to hypoxia is a highly regulated process, but little is known about single-cell responses to hypoxic conditions. Using fluorescent reporters of hypoxia response factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity in various cancer cell lines and patient-derived cancer cells, we show that hypoxic responses in individual cancer cells can be highly dynamic and variable. These responses fall into three classes, including oscillatory activity. We identify a molecular mechanism that can account for all three response classes, implicating reactive-oxygen-species-dependent chaperone-mediated autophagy of HIF-1α in a subset of cells. Furthermore, we show that oscillatory response is modulated by the abundance of extracellular lactate in a quorum-sensing-like mechanism. We show that oscillatory HIF-1α activity rescues hypoxia-mediated inhibition of cell division and causes broad suppression of genes downregulated in cancers and activation of genes upregulated in many cancers, suggesting a mechanism for aggressive growth in a subset of hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, Orange, CT 06477, USA
| | - Maimon E Hubbi
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Archer Hamidzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, Orange, CT 06477, USA
| | - Ruchi Goyal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, Orange, CT 06477, USA
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, Orange, CT 06477, USA.
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3
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The marine natural product mimic MPM-1 is cytolytic and induces DAMP release from human cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15586. [PMID: 36114339 PMCID: PMC9481558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting contributes to the discovery of new molecules with anticancer properties. Compounds with cytolytic activity and the ability to induce immunogenic cell death can be administered as intratumoral injections with the aim to activate anti-tumor immune responses by causing the release of tumor antigens as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cancer cells. In the present study, we report the cytolytic and DAMP-releasing effects of a new natural product mimic termed MPM-1 that was inspired by the marine Eusynstyelamides. We found that MPM-1 rapidly killed cancer cells in vitro by inducing a necrosis-like death, which was accompanied by lysosomal swelling and perturbation of autophagy in HSC-3 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma) cells. MPM-1 also induced release of the DAMPs adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from Ramos (B-cell lymphoma) and HSC-3 cells, as well as cell surface expression of calreticulin in HSC-3 cells. This indicates that MPM-1 has the ability to induce immunogenic cell death, further suggesting that it may have potential as a novel anticancer compound.
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4
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Gitogenin suppresses lung cancer progression by inducing apoptosis and autophagy initiation through the activation of AMPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:108806. [PMID: 35914447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of tumor-associated death worldwide. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating lung cancer progression, and is a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution, and exert various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. In the present study, we for the first time explored the effects of gitogenin (GIT), an important saponin derived from Tribulus longipetalus, on lung cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. We found that GIT markedly reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells through increasing the cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). In addition, GIT-incubated lung cancer cells exhibited clear accumulation of autophagosome, which was essential for GIT-suppressed lung cancer. Mechanistically, GIT-induced autophagy initiation was mainly through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and blocking protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, the autophagic flux was disrupted in GIT-treated lung cancer cells, contributing to the accumulation of impaired autophagolysosomes. Importantly, we found that suppressing autophagy initiation could abolish GIT-induced cell death; however, autophagosomes accumulation sensitized lung cancer cells to cell death upon GIT treatment. More in vitro experiments showed that GIT led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lung cancer cells, which was also involved in the modulation of apoptosis. The in vivo findings confirmed the effects of GIT against lung cancer progression with undetectable toxicity to organs. In conclusion, we provided new insights into the treatment of lung cancer, and GIT might be an effective strategy for future clinical application.
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5
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Autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the protective effect of diosgenin against 3-MCPD induced kidney injury. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 355:109850. [PMID: 35149085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
3-Chloro-1, 2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a widespread food contaminant with kidney as the main target organ. The exploration of ingredients as intervention strategy towards 3-MCPD induced nephrotoxicity is needed. Diosgenin (DIO) is a steroidal saponin presented in several plants and foods. Here we assessed whether DIO attenuates nephrotoxicity induced by 3-MCPD using Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that DIO (2, 6, 8 μM) increased cell viability and exerted inhibitory effect on caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities. Histological examination of rats showed that 15 mg/kg bw DIO ameliorated renal pathological changes caused by 3-MCPD (30 mg/kg bw). DIO also induced autophagy and the blockade of autophagy with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) aggravated mitochondrial apoptosis induced by 3-MCPD in HEK293 cells. Moreover, treatment with DIO caused an increase in p-LKB1/LKB1 and p-AMPK/AMPK expressions and a decrease in p-mTOR/mTOR, p-ULK1(Ser757), p-P70S6K and p-4EBP1 expressions. Additionally, DIO improved mitochondrial dynamics mainly through inhibiting the relocation of DRP1 on mitochondria and enhancing MFN1 and MFN2 expressions. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that DIO protected against kidney injury induced by 3-MCPD through the induction of autophagy via LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway and the improvement of mitochondrial fission and fusion.
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6
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Fan Z, Li Y, Chen S, Xu L, Tian Y, Cao Y, Pan Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Ren F. Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Ameliorates Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794319. [PMID: 35058778 PMCID: PMC8763799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a type of liver injury that is caused by multiple factors and leads to severe liver dysfunction; however, current treatments for ALF are insufficient. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), a novel glycyrrhizin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine licorice, has a significant protective effect against concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury, but its underlying therapeutic mechanism is unclear. Hence, this study aims to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of MgIG against ConA-induced immune liver injury. Methods: ConA (20 mg/kg, i. v.) was administered for 12 h to construct an immune liver injury model, and the treatment group was given MgIG (30 mg/kg, i. p.) injection 1 h in advance. Lethality, liver injury, cytokine levels, and hepatocyte death were evaluated. The level of autophagy was evaluated by electron microscopy, RT-PCR and western blotting, and hepatocyte death was assessed in vitro by flow cytometry. Results: MgIG significantly increased the survival rate of mice and ameliorated severe liver injury mediated by ConA. The decrease in the number of autophagosomes, downregulation of LC3b expression and upregulation of p62 expression indicated that MgIG significantly inhibited ConA-induced autophagy in the liver. Reactivation of autophagy by rapamycin (RAPA) reversed the protective effect of MgIG against ConA-induced liver injury. Compared with MgIG treatment, activation of autophagy by RAPA also promoted the expression of liver inflammation markers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-10, etc.) and hepatocyte death. In vitro experiments also showed that MgIG reduced ConA-induced hepatocyte death but did not decrease hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. Conclusion: MgIG significantly ameliorated ConA-induced immune liver injury in mice by inhibiting autophagy. This study provides theoretical support for the ability of MgIG to protect against liver injury in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fan
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Cao
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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He ZH, Li M, Fang QJ, Liao FL, Zou SY, Wu X, Sun HY, Zhao XY, Hu YJ, Xu XX, Chen S, Sun Y, Chai RJ, Kong WJ. FOXG1 promotes aging inner ear hair cell survival through activation of the autophagy pathway. Autophagy 2021; 17:4341-4362. [PMID: 34006186 PMCID: PMC8726647 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1916194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing. Recent studies have shown that common mitochondrial gene deletions are closely related to deafness caused by degenerative changes in the auditory system, and some of these nuclear factors are proposed to participate in the regulation of mitochondrial function. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in age-related degeneration of the auditory systems have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that FOXG1 plays an important role in the auditory degeneration process through regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy. Inhibition of FOXG1 decreased the autophagy activity and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent apoptosis of cochlear hair cells. Recent clinical studies have found that aspirin plays important roles in the prevention and treatment of various diseases by regulating autophagy and mitochondria function. In this study, we found that aspirin increased the expression of FOXG1, which further activated autophagy and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited apoptosis, and thus promoted the survival of mimetic aging HCs and HC-like OC-1 cells. This study demonstrates the regulatory function of the FOXG1 transcription factor through the autophagy pathway during hair cell degeneration in presbycusis, and it provides a new molecular approach for the treatment of age-related hearing loss. Abbreviations: AHL: age-related hearing loss; baf: bafilomycin A1; CD: common deletion; D-gal: D-galactose; GO: glucose oxidase; HC: hair cells; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; RAP: rapamycin; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TMRE: tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Hong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao-Jun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Ling Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science
| | - Sheng-Yu Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Juan Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441021, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Moon JH, Hong JM, Park SY. The antidiabetic drug troglitazone protects against PrP (106‑126)‑induced neurotoxicity via the PPARγ‑autophagy pathway in neuronal cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:430. [PMID: 33846779 PMCID: PMC8047904 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, which involve the alteration of cellular prion protein into a misfolded isoform, disrupt the central nervous systems of humans and animals alike. Prior research has suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)γ and autophagy provide some protection against neurodegeneration. PPARs are critical to lipid metabolism regulation and autophagy is one of the main cellular mechanisms by which cell function and homeostasis is maintained. The present study examined the effect of troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on autophagy flux in a prion peptide (PrP) (106–126)-mediated neurodegeneration model. Western blot analysis confirmed that treatment with troglitazone increased LC3-II and p62 protein expression, whereas an excessive increase in autophagosomes was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Troglitazone weakened PrP (106–126)-mediated neurotoxicity via PPARγ activation and autophagy flux inhibition. A PPARγ antagonist blocked PPARγ activation as well as the neuroprotective effects induced by troglitazone treatment, indicating that PPARγ deactivation impaired troglitazone-mediated protective effects. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that troglitazone protected primary neuronal cells against PrP (106–126)-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting autophagic flux and activating PPARγ signals. These results suggested that troglitazone may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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9
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The BAD-BAX-Caspase-3 Cascade Modulates Synaptic Vesicle Pools via Autophagy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1174-1190. [PMID: 33303681 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0969-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade is a canonical apoptosis pathway. Macroautophagy ("autophagy" hereinafter) is a process by which organelles and aggregated proteins are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we report a new function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade and autophagy in the control of synaptic vesicle pools. We found that, in hippocampal neurons of male mice, the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 pathway regulates autophagy, which in turn limits the size of synaptic vesicle pools and influences the kinetics of activity-induced depletion and recovery of synaptic vesicle pools. Moreover, the caspase-autophagy pathway is engaged by fear conditioning to facilitate associative fear learning and memory. This work identifies a new mechanism for controlling synaptic vesicle pools, and a novel, nonapoptotic, presynaptic function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the importance of synaptic vesicles for neurons, little is known about how the size of synaptic vesicle pools is maintained under basal conditions and regulated by neural activity. This study identifies a new mechanism for the control of synaptic vesicle pools, and a new, nonapoptotic function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 pathway in presynaptic terminals. Additionally, it indicates that autophagy is not only a homeostatic mechanism to maintain the integrity of cells and tissues, but also a process engaged by neural activity to regulate synaptic vesicle pools for optimal synaptic responses, learning, and memory.
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10
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Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Sharma NM, Anderson DR, Mahata SK, Patel KP. MMP9 inhibition increases autophagic flux in chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1414-H1437. [PMID: 33064567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) after myocardial infarction (MI) exacerbates ischemia-induced chronic heart failure (CHF). Autophagy is cardioprotective during CHF; however, whether increased MMP9 suppresses autophagic activity in CHF is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether increased MMP9 suppressed autophagic flux and MMP9 inhibition increased autophagic flux in the heart of rats with post-MI CHF. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham surgery or coronary artery ligation 6-8 wk before being treated with MMP9 inhibitor for 7 days, followed by cardiac autophagic flux measurement with lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, autophagic flux was measured in vitro by treating H9c2 cardiomyocytes with two independent pharmacological MMP9 inhibitors, salvianolic acid B (SalB) and MMP9 inhibitor-I, and CRISPR/cas9-mediated MMP9 genetic ablation. CHF rats showed cardiac infarct, significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and increased MMP9 activity and fibrosis in the peri-infarct areas of left ventricular myocardium. Measurement of the autophagic markers LC3B-II and p62 with lysosomal inhibition showed decreased autophagic flux in the peri-infarct myocardium. Treatment with SalB for 7 days in CHF rats decreased MMP9 activity and cardiac fibrosis but increased autophagic flux in the peri-infarct myocardium. As an in vitro corollary study, measurement of autophagic flux in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts showed that pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of MMP9 upregulates autophagic flux. These data are consistent with our observations that MMP9 inhibition upregulates autophagic flux in the heart of rats with CHF. In conclusion, the results in this study suggest that the beneficial outcome of MMP9 inhibition in pathological cardiac remodeling is in part mediated by improved autophagic flux.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study elucidates that the improved cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cardioprotective effect of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) inhibition in chronic heart failure (CHF) are via increased autophagic flux. Autophagy is cardioprotective; however, the mechanism of autophagy suppression in CHF is unknown. We for the first time demonstrated here that increased MMP9 suppressed cardiac autophagy and ablation of MMP9 increased cardiac autophagic flux in CHF rats. Restoring the physiological level of autophagy in the failing heart is a challenge, and our study addressed this challenge. The novelty and highlights of this report are as follows: 1) MMP9 regulates cardiomyocyte and fibroblast autophagy, 2) MMP9 inhibition protects CHF after myocardial infarction (MI) via increased cardiac autophagic flux, 3) MMP9 inhibition increased cardiac autophagy via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α, Beclin-1, Atg7 pathway and suppressed mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Neeru M Sharma
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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11
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Keshavarz M, Farrokhi MR, Amirinezhad Fard E, Mehdipour M. Contribution of Lysosome and Sigma Receptors to Neuroprotective Effects of Memantine Against Beta-Amyloid in the SH-SY5Y Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:452-457. [PMID: 32665905 PMCID: PMC7335986 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Memantine is an approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Autophagy, lysosome dysfunction, and sigma receptors have possible roles in the pathophysiology of AD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the contribution of sigma receptors and lysosome inhibition to the neuroprotective effects of memantine against amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: We determined the neuroprotective effects of memantine (2.5 µM), dizocilpine (MK801, as a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist) (5 μM) against Aβ25– 35 (2 μg/μL)-induced neurotoxicity. We used chloroquine (10, 20, and 40 μM) as a lysosome inhibitor and BD-1063 (1, 10, and 30 μM) as a selective sigma receptor antagonist. The MTT assay was used to measure the neurotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cells. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. Results: Memantine (2.5 µM), dizocilpine (5 µM), chloroquine (10 and 20 µM) and BD-1063 (1, 10 and 30 µM) decreased the neurotoxic effects of Aβ on the SH-SY5Y cells. However, chloroquine (40 µM) increased the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. Cell viability in the cells treated with memantine + Aβ + chloroquine (10, 20, and 40 μM) was significantly lower than the memantine + Aβ-treated group. Moreover, cell viability in the memantine + Aβ group was higher than the memantine + Aβ + BD-1063 (10 and 30 μM) groups. Conclusion: The lysosomal and sigma receptors may contribute to the neuroprotective mechanism of memantine and other NMDA receptor antagonists. Moreover, the restoration of lysosomes function and the modulation of sigma receptors are potential targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Keshavarz
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Farrokhi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Amirinezhad Fard
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdipour
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Shao Q, Liu T, Wang W, Duan Q, Liu T, Xu L, Huang G, Chen Z. The Chinese herbal prescription JZ-1 induces autophagy to protect against herpes simplex Virus-2 in human vaginal epithelial cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112611. [PMID: 32088246 PMCID: PMC7126429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHAMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 (JZ-1) is based on the modification of Yihuang Tang, which was first described in Fu Qingzhu Nvke by the famous Qing Dynasty doctor Shan Fu as a treatment for leukorrheal diseases. As an in-hospital preparation, JZ-1 has been used in Tongji Hospital for many years to treat various infectious diseases of the lower female genital tract, including cervicitis, vaginitis, genital herpes and condyloma acuminatum. Our previous studies have shown that JZ-1 has curative effects on Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections. AIM OF THE STUDY Genital herpes is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) worldwide and is mainly caused by herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2). Current therapies can relieve symptoms in patients but do not cure or prevent the spread of the virus. This study was designed to investigate the effect of JZ-1 on HSV-2 infection and its mechanism, which is based on autophagy induction, to provide new ideas and a basis for the study of antiviral drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evaluation of the antiviral activity of JZ-1 was conducted by MTT assay and western blotting. Then, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, observations through transmission electron microscopy and experiments with the recombinant lentivirus vector mRFP-GFP-LC3B were used to monitor autophagic flux in VK2/E6E7 cells. To explore the mechanism by which JZ-1 regulates autophagy, western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway proteins and to detect changes in critical molecules in the pathway after the application of a PI3K inhibitor. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, namely, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-β and TNF-α, were measured with qRT-PCR. RESULTS HSV-2 infection inhibited autophagy in the VK2/E6E7 cells. Further study revealed that the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway induced by HSV-2 infection may result in the blocked autophagic flux and inhibited autophagosome and autolysosome formation. JZ-1 exhibited significant antiviral activity in the VK2/E6E7 cells, which showed increased cell vitality and reduced viral protein expression, namely, earliest virus-specific infected cell polypeptides 5 (ICP5) and glycoprotein D (gD). We found that JZ-1 treatment inhibited the upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway proteins and promoted autophagy to combat HSV-2 infection, while PI3K inhibitor pretreatment prevented the enhanced autophagy induced by JZ-1. Moreover, JZ-1 attenuated the increase in inflammatory cytokines that had been induced HSV-2 infection. CONCLUSION Our results showed that JZ-1 protects against HSV-2 infection, and this beneficial effect may be mediated by inducing autophagy via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qianni Duan
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Tianli Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Guangying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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13
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Song C, Charli A, Luo J, Riaz Z, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mechanistic Interplay Between Autophagy and Apoptotic Signaling in Endosulfan-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity: Relevance to the Adverse Outcome Pathway in Pesticide Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:333-352. [PMID: 30796443 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to pesticides is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we showed that dieldrin induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity by activating a cascade of apoptotic signaling pathways in experimental models of PD. Here, we systematically investigated endosulfan's effect on the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in dopaminergic neuronal cell models of PD. Exposing N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells to endosulfan rapidly induced autophagy, indicated by an increased number of autophagosomes and LC3-II accumulation. Prolonged endosulfan exposure (>9 h) triggered apoptotic signaling, including caspase-2 and -3 activation and protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) proteolytic activation, ultimately leading to cell death, thus demonstrating that autophagy precedes apoptosis during endosulfan neurotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, potentiated endosulfan-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy is an early protective response against endosulfan. Additionally, Beclin-1, a major regulator of autophagy, was cleaved during the initiation of apoptotic cell death, and the cleavage was predominantly mediated by caspase-2. Also, caspase-2 and caspase-3 inhibitors effectively blocked endosulfan-induced apoptotic cell death. CRISPR/Cas9-based stable knockdown of PKCδ significantly attenuated endosulfan-induced caspase-3 activation, indicating that the kinase serves as a regulatory switch for apoptosis. Additional studies in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures confirmed endosulfan's effect on autophagy and neuronal degeneration. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a functional interplay between autophagy and apoptosis dictate pesticide-induced neurodegenerative processes in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Our study provides insight into cell death mechanisms in environmentally linked neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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14
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Wang S, Chen X, Zeng B, Xu X, Chen H, Zhao P, Hilaire ML, Bucala R, Zheng Q, Ren J. Knockout of macrophage migration inhibitory factor accentuates side-stream smoke exposure-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction through dysregulated mitophagy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104828. [PMID: 32339783 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Second hand smoke exposure increases the prevalence of chronic diseases partly attributed to inflammatory responses. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases although its role in second hand smoke exposure-induced cardiac anomalies remains elusive. This study evaluated the impact of MIF knockout on side-stream smoke exposure-induced cardiac pathology and underlying mechanisms. Adult WT and MIF knockout (MIFKO) mice were placed in a chamber exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 h daily for 60 consecutive days. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte function and intracellular Ca2+ handling were evaluated. Autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis were examined using western blot. DHE staining was used to evaluate superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Masson trichrome staining was employed to assess interstitial fibrosis. Our data revealed that MIF knockout accentuated side-stream smoke-induced cardiac anomalies in fractional shortening, cardiomyocyte function, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, myocardial ultrastructure and mitochondrial content along with overt apoptosis and O2- generation. In addition, unfavorable effects of side-stream smoke were accompanied by excessive formation of autophagolysosome and elevated TFEB, the effect of which was exacerbated by MIF knockout. Recombinant MIF rescued smoke extract-induced myopathic anomalies through promoting AMPK activation, mitophagy and lysosomal function. Taken together, our data suggest that MIF serves as a protective factor against side-stream smoke exposure-induced myopathic changes through facilitating mitophagy and autophagolysosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Biru Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xihui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Michelle L Hilaire
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, CT USA
| | - Qijun Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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Li IH, Shih JH, Yeh TY, Lin HC, Chen MH, Huang YS. Lysosomal Dysfunction and Autophagy Blockade Contribute to MDMA-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:903-914. [PMID: 32186374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychostimulant with high abuse potential and severe neurotoxicity. According to our previous study, MDMA promotes autophagosome accumulation and contributes to cell death in cultured cortical and serotonergic neurons. However, the detailed mechanism underlying autophagy dysfunction remains unclear. Lysosomes play an important role in autophagic degradation. The present study aimed to examine the role of lysosomal function in autophagic flux in neuronal cultures exposed to MDMA. We showed that MDMA induced enlarged vesicles that accumulate in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we demonstrated that MDMA stimulated dynamin-dependent but clathrin-independent endocytosis, which might contribute to vacuole expansion. Morphological and Western blot analyses revealed that MDMA induced lysosomal swelling, whereas the activity of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes cathepsin B and cathepsin D was decreased in SH-SY5Y and cultured cortical neurons, which might lead to autophagosome accumulation and autophagic degradation blockage. Intriguingly, inactivation of cathepsins B and D led to cell death and autophagy-lysosomal dysregulation, which mimicked MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. Consequently, impairment of lysosomal proteolysis and blockage of autophagy degradation contributed to MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yin Yeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful. Growing evidence also implicates roles for lysosomal dysfunction in more common diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders. With a focus on lysosomal dysfunction in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases - including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease - this Review critically analyses progress and opportunities for therapeutically targeting lysosomal proteins and processes, particularly with small molecules and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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17
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Wang D, Guo H, Yang H, Wang D, Gao P, Wei W. Pterostilbene, An Active Constituent of Blueberries, Suppresses Proliferation Potential of Human Cholangiocarcinoma via Enhancing the Autophagic Flux. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1238. [PMID: 31695612 PMCID: PMC6817474 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal cancer that occurs in the biliary tract. It is characterized by early invasion, poor outcomes, and resistance to current chemotherapies. To date, an effective therapeutic strategy for this devastating and deadly disease is lacking. Pterostilbene, a natural compound found in the extracts of many plants including blueberries, kino tree, or dragon blood tree, has several health benefits. However, its effects on CCA have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the potential application of pterostilbene for the treatment of human CCA in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The effects of pterostilbene on CCA cells were determined by assessing cell viability (CCK), cell proliferation, and colony formation. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometric analysis, whereas proteins related to autophagy were detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. A well-established xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of pterostilbene on tumor growth in vivo. Results: Pterostilbene induced dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects, inhibited proliferation and colony formation, and caused S phase cell cycle arrest in CCA cells. Instead of triggering apoptotic cell death in these cells, pterostilbene was found to exert potent autophagy-inducing effects, and this correlated with p62 downregulation, elevated expression of endogenous Beclin-1, ATG5, and LC3-II, and increases in LC3 puncta. Pretreating cancer cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA suppressed the induction of autophagy and antitumor activity caused by pterostilbene. Finally, we confirmed that pterostilbene inhibited tumor growth in a CCA xenograft mouse model with minimal general toxicity. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings indicate that pterostilbene, through the induction of autophagic flux, acts as an anti-cancer agent against CCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huahong Yang
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongyin Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Stamenkovic M, Janjetovic K, Paunovic V, Ciric D, Kravic-Stevovic T, Trajkovic V. Comparative analysis of cell death mechanisms induced by lysosomal autophagy inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Yang J, He J, Ismail M, Tweeten S, Zeng F, Gao L, Ballinger S, Young M, Prabhu SD, Rowe GC, Zhang J, Zhou L, Xie M. HDAC inhibition induces autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:36-48. [PMID: 30880250 PMCID: PMC6502701 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The FDA-approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat) has been shown to induce cardiomyocyte autophagy and blunt ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury when administered at the time of reperfusion. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective activity of SAHA are unknown. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage are major contributors to myocardial apoptosis during I/R injury. We hypothesize that SAHA protects the myocardium by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R injury. METHODS Mouse and cultured cardiomyocytes (neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes) I/R models were used to investigate the effects of SAHA on mitochondria. ATG7 knockout mice, ATG7 knockdown by siRNA and PGC-1α knockdown by adenovirus in cardiomyocytes were used to test the dependency of autophagy and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis respectively. RESULTS Intact and total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial mass were significantly increased in cardiomyocytes by SAHA pretreatment before simulated I/R. In vivo, I/R induced >50% loss of mtDNA content in the border zones of mouse hearts, but SAHA pretreatment and reperfusion treatment alone reverted mtDNA content and mitochondrial mass to control levels. Moreover, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with SAHA resulted in a 4-fold decrease in I/R-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a 25%-40% reduction in cytosolic ROS levels. However, loss-of-function of ATG7 in cardiomyocytes or mouse myocardium abolished the protective effects of SAHA on ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, mtDNA levels, and mitochondrial mass. Lastly, PGC-1α gene expression was induced by SAHA in NRVMs and mouse heart subjected to I/R, and loss of PGC-1α abrogated SAHA's mitochondrial protective effects in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS SAHA prevents I/R induced-mitochondrial dysfunction and loss, and reduces myocardial ROS production when given before or after the ischemia. The protective effects of SAHA on mitochondria are dependent on autophagy and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Jin He
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Sonja Tweeten
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Fanfang Zeng
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, 518020, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Dept. of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Martin Young
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Min Xie
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America.
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20
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Dombi E, Mortiboys H, Poulton J. Modulating Mitophagy in Mitochondrial Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5597-5612. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170616101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases may result from mutations in the maternally-inherited mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) or from mutations in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Their bi-genomic nature makes mitochondrial diseases a very heterogeneous group of
disorders that can present at any age and can affect any type of tissue.
The autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathway plays an important role in clearing dysfunctional
and redundant mitochondria through a specific quality control mechanism termed mitophagy.
Mitochondria could be targeted for autophagic degradation for a variety of reasons including
basal turnover for recycling, starvation induced degradation, and degradation due to
damage. While the core autophagic machinery is highly conserved and common to most
pathways, the signaling pathways leading to the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria
are still not completely understood. Type 1 mitophagy due to nutrient starvation is dependent
on PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) for autophagosome formation but independent
of mitophagy proteins, PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin. Whereas type 2
mitophagy that occurs due to damage is dependent on PINK1 and Parkin but does not require
PI3K.
Autophagy and mitophagy play an important role in human disease and hence could serve as
therapeutic targets for the treatment of mitochondrial as well as neurodegenerative disorders.
Therefore, we reviewed drugs that are known modulators of autophagy (AICAR and metformin)
and may affect this by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Furthermore, we reviewed the data available on supplements, such as Coenzyme Q and
the quinone idebenone, that we assert rescue increased mitophagy in mitochondrial disease by
benefiting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Dombi
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Neuroscience Department, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Yan BC, Xu P, Gao M, Wang J, Jiang D, Zhu X, Won MH, Su PQ. Changes in the Blood-Brain Barrier Function Are Associated With Hippocampal Neuron Death in a Kainic Acid Mouse Model of Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:775. [PMID: 30258402 PMCID: PMC6143688 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy experimental model is widely used to study the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Recently, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has become an innovative alternative treatment target for epilepsy patients. KA causes neuronal injury and BBB damage in this experimental epilepsy model but the mechanisms underlying epilepsy-related neuronal injury, autophagy, and BBB damage remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationships among neuronal injury, the expressions of autophagy-related proteins, and changes in BBB-related proteins during the acute phase of epilepsy to further understand the mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. NeuN immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B (FJ-B) staining in the hippocampal CA3 region revealed that neuronal death induced by intraventricular injections of 10 μg/kg KA was greater than that induced by 3 μg/kg KA. In addition, there were transient increases in the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3I/II) and Beclin-1, which are autophagy-related proteins involved in neuronal death, in this region 24 h after the administration of 10 μg/kg KA. There were also morphological changes in BBB-related cells such as astrocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and tight junctions (TJs). More specifically, there was a significant increase in the activation of astrocytes 72 h after the administration of 10 μg/kg KA as well as continuous increases in the expressions of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and BBB-related TJ proteins (Zonula occludens-1 and Claudin-5) until 72 h after KA treatment. These results suggest that the overexpression of autophagy-related proteins and astrocytes and transient increases in the expressions of BBB-related TJ proteins may be closely related to autophagic neuronal injury. These findings provide a basis for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Haian, China
| | - Manman Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Pei Qing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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Weyerhäuser P, Kantelhardt SR, Kim EL. Re-purposing Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: Potential Merits and Confounding Variables. Front Oncol 2018; 8:335. [PMID: 30211116 PMCID: PMC6120043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that antimalarial chloroquine could be re-purposed for cancer treatment. A dozen of clinical trials have been initiated within the past 10 years to test the potential of chloroquine as an adjuvant treatment for therapy-refractory cancers including glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive human cancers. While there is considerable evidence for the efficacy and safety of chloroquine the mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressive actions of this drug remain elusive. Up until recently, inhibition of the late stage of autophagy was thought to be the major mechanism of chloroquine-mediated cancer cells death. However, recent research provided compelling evidence that autophagy-inhibiting activities of chloroquine are dispensable for its ability to suppress tumor cells growth. These unexpected findings necessitate a further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that are essential for anti-cancer activities of CHQ. This review discusses the versatile actions of chloroquine in cancer cells with particular focus on glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weyerhäuser
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sven R. Kantelhardt
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ella L. Kim
- Laboratory for Experimental Neurooncology, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Ryan F, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Minai-Tehrani D, Ahmadiani A. Temporal Pattern and Crosstalk of Necroptosis Markers with Autophagy and Apoptosis Associated Proteins in Ischemic Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:79-92. [PMID: 29313217 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, has been recently implicated as a possible mechanism for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We herein studied time-dependent changes of necroptosis markers along with apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins in rat hippocampus at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after global cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, to determine the cross talk between autophagy and necroptosis, we examined the effects of pretreatment with bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1), as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, on necroptosis. Highest levels of receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), as key mediators of necroptosis, were observed at 24 h after reperfusion. Alongside, activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1), downstream enzyme of RIP3, was increased. Peak time of necroptosis was subsequent to caspase-3-dependent cell death that peaked at 12 h of reperfusion but concurrent with autophagy. Administration of Baf-A1 could attenuate necroptosis, verified by decrease in RIP1 and RIP3 protein levels, as well as GLUD1 activity. However, there was no significant change in caspase-3-dependent cell death. Taken together, our results highlight that global cerebral I/R activates necroptosis that could be triggered by autophagy and interacts reversely with caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Minai-Tehrani
- Bioresearch Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Wang H, Liu W, Sun M, Chen D, Zeng L, Lu L, Xie J. Inhibitor analysis revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involed in cellular entry of type III grass carp reovirus. Virol J 2018; 15:92. [PMID: 29793525 PMCID: PMC5968591 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease is caused by an acute infection with grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The frequent outbreaks of this disease have suppressed development of the grass carp farming industry. GCRV104, the representative strain of genotype III grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus, belongs to the Spinareovirinae subfamily and serves as a model for studying the strain of GCRV which encodes an outer-fiber protein. There is no commercially available vaccine for this genotype of GCRV. Therefore, the discovery of new inhibitors for genotype III of GCRV will be clinically beneficial. In addition, the mechanism of GCRV with fiber entry into cells remains poorly understood. Methods Viral entry was determined by a combination of specific pharmacological inhibitors, transmission electron microscopy, and real-time quantitative PCR. Results Our results demonstrate that both GCRV-JX01 (genotype I) and GCRV104 (genotype III) of GCRV propagated in the grass carp kidney cell line (CIK) with a typical cytopathic effect (CPE). However, GCRV104 replicated slower than GCRV-JX01 in CIK cells. The titer of GCRV-JX01 was 1000 times higher than GCRV104 at 24 h post-infection. We reveal that ammonium chloride, dynasore, pistop2, chlorpromazine, and rottlerin inhibit viral entrance and infection, but not nystatin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, IPA-3, amiloride, bafilomycin A1, nocodazole, and latrunculin B. Furthermore, GCRV104 and GCRV-JX01 infection of CIK cells depended on dynamin and the acidification of the endosome. This was evident by the significant inhibition following prophylactic treatment with the lysosomotropic drug ammonium chloride or dynasore. Conclusions Taken together, our data have suggested that GCRV104 enters CIK cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner. We also suggest that dynamin is critical for efficient viral entry. Additionally, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin and the protein kinase C inhibitor rottlerin block GCRV104 cell entry and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisha Liu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Sun
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dubo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the frist affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Division of Fish Disease, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Moruno-Manchon JF, Uzor NE, Ambati CR, Shetty V, Putluri N, Jagannath C, McCullough LD, Tsvetkov AS. Sphingosine kinase 1-associated autophagy differs between neurons and astrocytes. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 29743513 PMCID: PMC5943283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway for removing aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and parasites. Evidence indicates that autophagic pathways differ between cell types. In neurons, autophagy plays a homeostatic role, compared to a survival mechanism employed by starving non-neuronal cells. We investigated if sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)-associated autophagy differs between two symbiotic brain cell types—neurons and astrocytes. SK1 synthesizes sphingosine-1-phosphate, which regulates autophagy in non-neuronal cells and in neurons. We found that benzoxazine autophagy inducers upregulate SK1 and neuroprotective autophagy in neurons, but not in astrocytes. Starvation enhances SK1-associated autophagy in astrocytes, but not in neurons. In astrocytes, SK1 is cytoprotective and promotes the degradation of an autophagy substrate, mutant huntingtin, the protein that causes Huntington’s disease. Overexpressed SK1 is unexpectedly toxic to neurons, and its toxicity localizes to the neuronal soma, demonstrating an intricate relationship between the localization of SK1’s activity and neurotoxicity. Our results underscore the importance of cell type-specific autophagic differences in any efforts to target autophagy therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ndidi-Ese Uzor
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vivekananda Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrey S Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,UT Health Consortium on Aging, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Chen JC, Hsieh MJ, Chen CJ, Lin JT, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Chien SY, Chen MK. Polyphyllin G induce apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal cancer cells by modulation of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70276-70289. [PMID: 27602962 PMCID: PMC5342552 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphyllin G (also call polyphyllin VII), extract from rhizomes of Paris yunnanensis Franch, has been demonstrated to have strong anticancer activities in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines. Previous studies found that Polyphyllin G induced apoptotic cell death in human hepatoblastoma cancer and lung cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. In this study, Polyphyllin G can potently induced apoptosis dependent on the activations of caspase-8, -3, and -9 and the changes of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bax protein expression in different human NPC cell lines (HONE-1 and NPC-039). The amount of both LC3-II and Beclin-1 was intriguingly increased suggest that autophagy was induced in Polyphyllin G-treated NPC cells. To further clarify whether Polyphyllin G-induced apoptosis and autophagy depended on AKT/ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways, cells were combined treated with AKT inhibitor (LY294002), ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), or JNK inhibitor (SP600125). These results demonstrated that Polyphyllin G induced apoptosis in NPC cells through activation of ERK, while AKT, p38 MAPK and JNK were responsible for Polyphyllin G-induced autophagy. Finally, an administration of Polyphyllin G effectively suppressed the tumor growth in the NPC carcinoma xenograft model in vivo. In conclusion, our results reveal that Polyphyllin G inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis and autophagy in NPC cancer cells, suggesting that Polyphyllin G is an attractive candidate for tumor therapies. Polyphyllin G may promise candidate for development of antitumor drugs targeting nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.,School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Hematology & Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yu Chien
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.,College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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27
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Bala Tannan N, Collu G, Humphries AC, Serysheva E, Weber U, Mlodzik M. AKAP200 promotes Notch stability by protecting it from Cbl/lysosome-mediated degradation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007153. [PMID: 29309414 PMCID: PMC5785023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AKAP200 is a Drosophila melanogaster member of the “A Kinase Associated Protein” family of scaffolding proteins, known for their role in the spatial and temporal regulation of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in multiple signaling contexts. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected function of AKAP200 in promoting Notch protein stability. In Drosophila, AKAP200 loss-of-function (LOF) mutants show phenotypes that resemble Notch LOF defects, including eye patterning and sensory organ specification defects. Through genetic interactions, we demonstrate that AKAP200 interacts positively with Notch in both the eye and the thorax. We further show that AKAP200 is part of a physical complex with Notch. Biochemical studies reveal that AKAP200 stabilizes endogenous Notch protein, and that it limits ubiquitination of Notch. Specifically, our genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that AKAP200 protects Notch from the E3-ubiquitin ligase Cbl, which targets Notch to the lysosomal pathway. Indeed, we demonstrate that the effect of AKAP200 on Notch levels depends on the lysosome. Interestingly, this function of AKAP200 is fully independent of its role in PKA signaling and independent of its ability to bind PKA. Taken together, our data indicate that AKAP200 is a novel tissue specific posttranslational regulator of Notch, maintaining high Notch protein levels and thus promoting Notch signaling. AKAP200 belongs to a family of scaffolding proteins best known for their regulation of PKA localization. In this study, we have identified a novel role of AKAP200 in Notch protein stability and signaling. In Drosophila melanogaster, AKAP200’s loss and gain-of-function (LOF/GOF) phenotypes are characteristic of Notch signaling defects. Furthermore, we demonstrated genetic interactions between AKAP200 and Notch. Consistent with this, AKAP200 stabilizes the endogenous Notch protein and limits its ubiquitination. AKAP200 exerts its effects on Notch by antagonizing Cbl-mediated ubiquitination and thus lysosome targeting of Notch. Based on these data, we postulate a novel PKA independent mechanism of AKAP200 to achieve optimal Notch protein levels, with AKAP200 preventing Cbl-mediated lysosomal degradation of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Bala Tannan
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanna Collu
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashley C. Humphries
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ekatherina Serysheva
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ursula Weber
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zhang W, Meng X, Liu H, Xie L, Liu J, Xu H. Ratio of Polycation and Serum Is a Crucial Index for Determining the RNAi Efficiency of Polyplexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43529-43537. [PMID: 29144122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that the mass ratio of the polycation to serum in the medium determines the (RNA interference) RNAi efficiency in vitro by using spermine-modified pullulan (Ps) and spermine-modified dextran (Ds) as polycation models. The high ratio of Ps to serum protein (Ps/Pr) mediated the formation of larger polyplexes, which led to the promoted cellular uptake, enhanced lysosomal escape, and elevated RNAi efficiency. In addition, the supplementary of free Ps also enhanced small interfering RNA transfection because of the elevation of Ps/Pr. Similar results were obtained with Ds. Compared with the adjustment of the nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio in the polyplex, these findings revealed a more applicable strategy to tune the polycation-mediated RNAi efficiency in the serum-containing culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Huike Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
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29
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He Z, Guo L, Shu Y, Fang Q, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu D, Lu L, Zhang X, Ding X, Liu D, Tang M, Kong W, Sha S, Li H, Gao X, Chai R. Autophagy protects auditory hair cells against neomycin-induced damage. Autophagy 2017; 13:1884-1904. [PMID: 28968134 PMCID: PMC5788479 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1359449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are toxic to sensory hair cells (HCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential and highly conserved self-digestion pathway that plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular function and viability under stress. However, the role of autophagy in aminoglycoside-induced HC injury is unknown. Here, we first found that autophagy activity was significantly increased, including enhanced autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin or gentamicin injury, suggesting that autophagy might be correlated with aminoglycoside-induced cell death. We then used rapamycin, an autophagy activator, to increase the autophagy activity and found that the ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death were significantly decreased after neomycin or gentamicin injury. In contrast, treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or knockdown of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins resulted in reduced autophagy activity and significantly increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death after neomycin or gentamicin injury. Finally, after neomycin injury, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could successfully prevent the increased apoptosis and HC loss induced by 3-MA treatment or ATG knockdown, suggesting that autophagy protects against neomycin-induced HC damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. We also found that the dysfunctional mitochondria were not eliminated by selective autophagy (mitophagy) in HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin treatment, suggesting that autophagy might not directly target the damaged mitochondria for degradation. This study demonstrates that moderate ROS levels can promote autophagy to recycle damaged cellular constituents and maintain cellular homeostasis, while the induction of autophagy can inhibit apoptosis and protect the HCs by suppressing ROS accumulation after aminoglycoside injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingna Guo
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yilai Shu
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Han Zhou
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Yongze Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Dingding Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Ling Lu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ding
- g Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong Liu
- c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Weijia Kong
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Suhua Sha
- h Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Huawei Li
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Xia Gao
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
| | - Renjie Chai
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
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Karim MR, Kadowaki M. Effect and proposed mechanism of vitamin C modulating amino acid regulation of autophagic proteolysis. Biochimie 2017; 142:51-62. [PMID: 28804003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process, induced under nutrient starvation. Failure of autophagy has been recognized as a contributor to aging and multiple age related neurodegenerative diseases. Improving autophagy is a beneficial anti-aging strategy, however very few physiological regulators have been identified. Here, we demonstrate that vitamin C is a nutritional stimulator of autophagy. Supplementation of fresh hepatocytes with vitamin C increased autophagic proteolysis significantly in the presence of amino acids in a dose- and time-dependent manner, although no effect was observed in the absence of amino acids. In addition, inhibitor studies with 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, leupeptin and β-lactone confirmed that vitamin C is active through the lysosomal autophagy and not the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, the autophagy marker LC3 protein was significantly increased by vitamin C, suggesting its possible site of action is at the formation step. Both the reduced (ascorbic acid, AsA) and oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid, DHA) of vitamin C exhibited equal enhancing effect, indicating that the effect does not depend on the anti-oxidation functionality of vitamin C. To understand the mechanism, we established that the effective dose (50 μM) was 15× lower than the intracellular content suggesting these would be only a minor influx from the extracellular pool. Moreover, transporter inhibitor studies in an AsA deficient ODS model rat revealed more accurately that the enhancing effect on autophagic proteolysis still existed, even though the intracellular influx of AsA was blocked. Taken together, these results provide evidence that vitamin C can potentially act through extracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Razaul Karim
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Nishi-Ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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31
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Pan J, Wang J, Hao L, Zhu G, Nguyen DN, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Li YP, Chen W. The Triple Functions of D2 Silencing in Treatment of Periapical Disease. J Endod 2017; 43:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wu CL, Chen CH, Hwang CS, Chen SD, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Roles of p62 in BDNF-dependent autophagy suppression and neuroprotection against mitochondrial dysfunction in rat cortical neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 140:845-861. [PMID: 28027414 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that pre-conditioning of primary rat cortical neurons with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may exert neuroprotective effects against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially potential involvements of autophagy, remain elusive. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF may suppress 3-NP-induced autophagy to exert its neuroprotective effects by inducing the expression of p62/sequestosome-1 in primary cortical neurons. We found that 3-NP increased total level of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC)-3 as well as the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an index of autophagy, in primary cortical neurons. BDNF decreased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and time-dependently induced expression of p62. Knockdown of p62 by siRNA restored LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased total LC3 levels associated with BDNF exposure; p62 knockdown also abolished BDNF-dependent neuroprotection against 3-NP. Upstream of p62, we found that BDNF triggered phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream mediator p70S6K; importantly, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced both BDNF-dependent p62 induction as well as 3-NP resistance. BDNF is known to induce c-Jun in cortical neurons. We found that c-Jun knockdown in part attenuated BDNF-mediated p62 induction, whereas p62 knockdown had no significant effects on c-Jun expression. In addition to suppressing p62 induction, rapamycin also partially suppressed BDNF-induced c-Jun expression, but c-Jun knockdown failed to affect mTOR activation. Together, our results suggested that BDNF inhibits 3-NP-induced autophagy via, at least in part, mTOR/c-Jun-dependent induction of p62 expression, together contributing to neuroprotection against mitochondrial inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Wu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dyshlovoy SA, Otte K, Alsdorf WH, Hauschild J, Lange T, Venz S, Bauer CK, Bähring R, Amann K, Mandanchi R, Schumacher U, Schröder-Schwarz J, Makarieva TN, Guzii AG, Tabakmakher KM, Fedorov SN, Shubina LK, Kasheverov IE, Ehmke H, Steuber T, Stonik VA, Bokemeyer C, Honecker F, von Amsberg G. Marine compound rhizochalinin shows high in vitro and in vivo efficacy in castration resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69703-69717. [PMID: 27626485 PMCID: PMC5342509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance is an inevitable phenomenon in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells requiring novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, efficacy and toxicity of Rhizochalinin (Rhiz) - a novel sphingolipid-like marine compound - was evaluated in prostate cancer models, resistant to currently approved standard therapies. In vitro activity and mechanism of action of Rhiz were examined in the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, DU145, LNCaP, 22Rv1, and VCaP. Rhiz significantly reduced cell viability at low micromolar concentrations showing most pronounced effects in enzalutamide and abiraterone resistant AR-V7 positive cells. Caspase-dependent apoptosis, inhibition of pro-survival autophagy, downregulation of AR-V7, PSA and IGF-1 expression as well as inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels were identified as mechanisms of action. Remarkably, Rhiz re-sensitized AR-V7 positive cells to enzalutamide and increased efficacy of taxanes.In vivo activity and toxicity were evaluated in PC-3 and 22Rv1 NOD SCID mouse xenograft models using i.p. administration. Rhiz significantly reduced growth of PC-3 and 22Rv1 tumor xenografts by 27.0% (p = 0.0156) and 46.8% (p = 0.047) compared with controls with an increased fraction of tumor cells showing apoptosis secondary to Rhiz exposure. In line with the in vitro data, Rhiz was most active in AR-V7 positive xenografts in vivo. In animals, no severe side effects were observed.In conclusion, Rhiz is a promising novel marine-derived compound characterized by a unique combination of anticancer properties. Its further clinical development is of high impact for patients suffering from drug resistant prostate cancer especially those harboring AR-V7 mediated resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Katharina Otte
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried H. Alsdorf
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane K. Bauer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bähring
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Nephropathology Department, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramin Mandanchi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana N. Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alla G. Guzii
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | | | - Sergey N. Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa K. Shubina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | | | - Heimo Ehmke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martiniklinik, Prostate Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
- Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald -Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
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Hyperspectral Imaging Using Intracellular Spies: Quantitative Real-Time Measurement of Intracellular Parameters In Vivo during Interaction of the Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus with Human Monocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163505. [PMID: 27727286 PMCID: PMC5058474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a technique based on the combination of classical spectroscopy and conventional digital image processing. It is also well suited for the biological assays and quantitative real-time analysis since it provides spectral and spatial data of samples. The method grants detailed information about a sample by recording the entire spectrum in each pixel of the whole image. We applied HSI to quantify the constituent pH variation in a single infected apoptotic monocyte as a model system. Previously, we showed that the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus conidia interfere with the acidification of phagolysosomes. Here, we extended this finding to monocytes and gained a more detailed analysis of this process. Our data indicate that melanised A. fumigatus conidia have the ability to interfere with apoptosis in human monocytes as they enable the apoptotic cell to recover from mitochondrial acidification and to continue with the cell cycle. We also showed that this ability of A. fumigatus is dependent on the presence of melanin, since a non-pigmented mutant did not stop the progression of apoptosis and consequently, the cell did not recover from the acidic pH. By conducting the current research based on the HSI, we could measure the intracellular pH in an apoptotic infected human monocyte and show the pattern of pH variation during 35 h of measurements. As a conclusion, we showed the importance of melanin for determining the fate of intracellular pH in a single apoptotic cell.
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Huang C, Jiang D, Francisco D, Berman R, Wu Q, Ledford JG, Moore CM, Ito Y, Stevenson C, Munson D, Li L, Kraft M, Chu HW. Tollip SNP rs5743899 modulates human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1549-1563. [PMID: 27513438 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu. METHODS DNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL-13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild-type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response. RESULTS Asthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL-13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL-8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF-κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co-localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL-13- and RV16-treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild-type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J G Ledford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Munson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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36
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Fish oil prevents colon cancer by modulation of structure and function of mitochondria. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Identification and Characterization of a Novel Broad-Spectrum Virus Entry Inhibitor. J Virol 2016; 90:4494-4510. [PMID: 26912630 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00103-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Virus entry into cells is a multistep process that often requires the subversion of subcellular machineries. A more complete understanding of these steps is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies. While studying the potential role of the actin network and one of its master regulators, the small GTPase Cdc42, during Junin virus (JUNV) entry, we serendipitously uncovered the small molecule ZCL278, reported to inhibit Cdc42 function as an entry inhibitor for JUNV and for vesicular stomatitis virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and dengue virus but not for the nonenveloped poliovirus. Although ZCL278 did not interfere with JUNV attachment to the cell surface or virus particle internalization into host cells, it prevented the release of JUNV ribonucleoprotein cores into the cytosol and decreased pH-mediated viral fusion with host membranes. We also identified SVG-A astroglial cell-derived cells to be highly permissive for JUNV infection and generated new cell lines expressing fluorescently tagged Rab5c or Rab7a or lacking Cdc42 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-caspase 9 (Cas9) gene-editing strategies. Aided by these tools, we uncovered that perturbations in the actin cytoskeleton or Cdc42 activity minimally affect JUNV entry, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ZCL278 is not mediated by ZCL278 interfering with the activity of Cdc42. Instead, ZCL278 appears to redistribute viral particles from endosomal to lysosomal compartments. ZCL278 also inhibited JUNV replication in a mouse model, and no toxicity was detected. Together, our data suggest the unexpected antiviral activity of ZCL278 and highlight its potential for use in the development of valuable new tools to study the intracellular trafficking of pathogens. IMPORTANCE The Junin virus is responsible for outbreaks of Argentine hemorrhagic fever in South America, where 5 million people are at risk. Limited options are currently available to treat infections by Junin virus or other viruses of the Arenaviridae, making the identification of additional tools, including small-molecule inhibitors, of great importance. How Junin virus enters cells is not yet fully understood. Here we describe new cell culture models in which the cells are susceptible to Junin virus infection and to which we applied CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering strategies to help characterize early steps during virus entry. We also uncovered ZCL278 to be a new antiviral small molecule that potently inhibits the cellular entry of the Junin virus and other enveloped viruses. Moreover, we show that ZCL278 also functions in vivo, thereby preventing Junin virus replication in a mouse model, opening the possibility for the discovery of ZCL278 derivatives of therapeutic potential.
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38
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Dyshlovoy SA, Menchinskaya ES, Venz S, Rast S, Amann K, Hauschild J, Otte K, Kalinin VI, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Alsdorf W, Madanchi R, Bokemeyer C, Schumacher U, Walther R, Aminin DL, Fedorov SN, Shubina LK, Stonik VA, Balabanov S, Honecker F, von Amsberg G. The marine triterpene glycoside frondoside A exhibits activity in vitro and in vivo in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2450-65. [PMID: 26695519 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), outcome of patients remains poor due to the development of drug resistance. Thus, new drugs are urgently needed. We investigated efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of marine triterpene glycoside frondoside A (FrA) using CRPC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. FrA revealed high efficacy in human prostate cancer cells, while non-malignant cells were less sensitive. Remarkably, proliferation and colony formation of cells resistant to enzalutamide and abiraterone (due to the androgen receptor splice variant AR-V7) were also significantly inhibited by FrA. The marine compound caused cell type specific cell cycle arrest and induction of caspase-dependent or -independent apoptosis. Up-regulation or induction of several pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad, PTEN), cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin and Bcl-2) were detected in treated cells. Global proteome analysis revealed regulation of proteins involved in formation of metastases, tumor cell invasion, and apoptosis, like keratin 81, CrkII, IL-1β and cathepsin B. Inhibition of pro-survival autophagy was observed following FrA exposure. In vivo, FrA inhibited tumor growth of PC-3 and DU145 cells with a notable reduction of lung metastasis, as well as circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Increased lymphocyte counts of treated animals might indicate an immune modulating effect of FrA. In conclusion, our results suggest that FrA is a promising new drug for the treatment of mCRPC. Induction of apoptosis, inhibition of pro-survival autophagy, and immune modulatory effects are suspected modes of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of bioactive compounds, Department of bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Functional Genomics, Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rast
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Nephropathology Department, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Otte
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Winfried Alsdorf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Madanchi
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dmitry L Aminin
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa K Shubina
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ma S, Fang Z, Luo W, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhang Q, Wang H, Chen H, Chan CB, Liu Z. The C-ETS2-TFEB Axis Promotes Neuron Survival under Oxidative Stress by Regulating Lysosome Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4693703. [PMID: 27195074 PMCID: PMC4853961 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4693703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) produced as a result of ageing causes damage to macromolecules and organelles or leads to interference of cell signalling pathways, which in turn results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease) and contributes to progressive neuronal loss. In this study, we show that cell apoptosis is induced by oxidative stress and that lysosomes play an important role in cell survival under oxidative stress. As a compensatory response to this stress, lysosomal genes were upregulated via induction of transcription factor EB (TFEB). In addition, localization of TFEB to the nucleus was increased by oxidative stress. We also confirmed that TFEB protects cells from oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that C-ETS2 senses oxidative stress, activates TFEB transcription, and mediates the upregulation of lysosomal genes. Our results demonstrate a mechanistic pathway for inducing lysosomal activity during ageing and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ma
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zijun Fang
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenwen Luo
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chenyao Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huafei Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- 2Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chi bun Chan
- 3The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 634a, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- 4School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 5N09, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixue Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- *Zhixue Liu:
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40
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Saffari A, Wahlster L, Lu J, Byrne S, Hoffmann GF, Jungbluth H, Sahin M. Congenital disorders of autophagy: an emerging novel class of inborn errors of neuro-metabolism. Brain 2015; 139:317-37. [PMID: 26715604 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single gene disorders of the autophagy pathway are an emerging, novel and diverse group of multisystem diseases in children. Clinically, these disorders prominently affect the central nervous system at various stages of development, leading to brain malformations, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, movement disorders, and neurodegeneration, among others. Frequent early and severe involvement of the central nervous system puts the paediatric neurologist, neurogeneticist, and neurometabolic specialist at the forefront of recognizing and treating these rare conditions. On a molecular level, mutations in key autophagy genes map to different stages of this highly conserved pathway and thus lead to impairment in isolation membrane (or phagophore) and autophagosome formation, maturation, or autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Here we discuss 'congenital disorders of autophagy' as an emerging subclass of inborn errors of metabolism by using the examples of six recently identified monogenic diseases: EPG5-related Vici syndrome, beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration due to mutations in WDR45, SNX14-associated autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability syndrome, and three forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia, SPG11, SPG15 and SPG49 caused by SPG11, ZFYVE26 and TECPR2 mutations, respectively. We also highlight associations between defective autophagy and other inborn errors of metabolism such as lysosomal storage diseases and neurodevelopmental diseases associated with the mTOR pathway, which may be included in the wider spectrum of autophagy-related diseases from a pathobiological point of view. By exploring these emerging themes in disease pathogenesis and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, we discuss how congenital disorders of autophagy inform our understanding of the importance of this fascinating cellular pathway for central nervous system biology and disease. Finally, we review the concept of modulating autophagy as a therapeutic target and argue that congenital disorders of autophagy provide a unique genetic perspective on the possibilities and challenges of pathway-specific drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- 1 The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Centre, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 2 Division of Paediatric Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Saffari
- 2 Division of Paediatric Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara Wahlster
- 2 Division of Paediatric Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 3 Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Lu
- 1 The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Centre, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Byrne
- 4 Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- 2 Division of Paediatric Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- 4 Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 5 Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King's College London, London, UK 6 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- 1 The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Centre, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lu Y, Zhang R, Liu S, Zhao Y, Gao J, Zhu L. ZT-25, a new vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor, induces apoptosis and protective autophagy through ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 771:130-8. [PMID: 26689625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) has recently been proposed as a key target for new strategies in cancer treatment. Our previous work has proved that diphyllin glycoside is a novel inhibitor of V-ATPase. Here the cytotoxic effects of ZT-25, the most potent diphyllin glycoside derivatives, were studied and some of the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. ZT-25 displayed strong cytotoxicity on several cancer cell lines and relatively low cytotoxicity on human fetal hepatic cells (WRL-68) at submicromolar concentrations. In human hepatoma cells HepG2, ZT-25 induced G1/G0 phase arrest and apoptosis, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation and ATP depletion. Furthermore, Bcl-2 protein decreased, while Bax protein and cleaved caspase-3 protein increased upon ZT-25 treatment. Benzyloxycarbony (Cbz)-l-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK), a well-known pan-caspase inhibitor, attenuated ZT-25-induced cell death, suggesting the involvement of caspase-dependent pathway. Intriguingly, ZT-25 induced autophagy in HepG2 cells as characterized by increased the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II, Beclin-1 expression and autophagosome formation. Meanwhile, p-mTOR expression was decreased which indicated that ZT-25-induced autophagy might be mediated through the suppression of mTOR pathway. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) obviously promoted ZT-25-induced cell death, suggesting the protective role of autophagy. Increased intracellular ROS level was found to be the early event in ZT-25-treated HepG2 cells. Inhibition of ROS generation by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated ZT-25-induced cell death and autophagy. Together, these results provide key insights into the ZT-25-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, which will have a great impact on the further development of diphyllin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Deji Hospital, Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has a permissive role in concanavalin A-induced cell death of human hepatoma cells through autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2008. [PMID: 26633714 PMCID: PMC4720884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin and T-cell mitogen that can activate immune responses. In recent times, ConA-induced cell death of hepatoma cells through autophagy has been reported and its therapeutic effect was confirmed in a murine in situ hepatoma model. However, the molecular mechanism of ConA-induced autophagy is still unclear. As macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a proinflammatory cytokine, can trigger autophagy in human hepatoma cells, the possible involvement of MIF in ConA-induced autophagy was investigated in this study. We demonstrated that cell death is followed by an increment in MIF expression and secretion in the ConA-stimulated human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7 and Hep G2. In addition, ConA-induced autophagy and cell death of hepatoma cells were blocked in the presence of an MIF inhibitor. Knockdown of endogenous MIF by small hairpin RNA confirmed that MIF is required for both ConA-induced autophagy and death of hepatoma cells. Furthermore, signal pathway studies demonstrated that ConA induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to trigger MIF upregulation, which in turn promotes Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-dependent autophagy. By using a murine in situ hepatoma model, we further demonstrated that MIF contributes to anti-hepatoma activity of ConA by regulating STAT3-MIF-BNIP3-dependent autophagy. In summary, our findings uncover a novel role of MIF in lectin-mediated anti-hepatoma activities by regulating autophagy.
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43
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Gorojod RM, Alaimo A, Porte Alcon S, Pomilio C, Saravia F, Kotler ML. The autophagic- lysosomal pathway determines the fate of glial cells under manganese- induced oxidative stress conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:237-51. [PMID: 26163003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) overexposure is frequently associated with the development of a neurodegenerative disorder known as Manganism. The Mn-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes cellular damage, finally leading to apoptotic cell death in rat astrocytoma C6 cells. In this scenario, the autophagic pathway could play an important role in preventing cytotoxicity. In the present study, we found that Mn induced an increase in the amount and total volume of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), a process usually related to the activation of the autophagic pathway. Particularly, the generation of enlarged AVOs was a ROS- dependent event. In this report we demonstrated for the first time that Mn induces autophagy in glial cells. This conclusion emerged from the results obtained employing a battery of autophagy markers: a) the increase in LC3-II expression levels, b) the formation of autophagic vesicles labeled with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) or LC3 and, c) the increase in Beclin 1/ Bcl-2 and Beclin 1/ Bcl-X(L) ratio. Autophagy inhibition employing 3-MA and mAtg5(K130R) resulted in decreased cell viability indicating that this event plays a protective role in Mn- induced cell death. In addition, mitophagy was demonstrated by an increase in LC3 and TOM-20 colocalization. On the other hand, we proposed the occurrence of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) based in the fact that cathepsins B and D activities are essential for cell death. Both cathepsin B inhibitor (Ca-074 Me) or cathepsin D inhibitor (Pepstatin A) completely prevented Mn- induced cytotoxicity. In addition, low dose of Bafilomycin A1 showed a similar effect, a finding that adds evidence about the lysosomal role in Mn cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that Mn induces injury and alters LC3 expression levels in rat striatal astrocytes. In summary, our results demonstrated that autophagy is activated to counteract the harmful effect caused by Mn. These data is valuable to be considered in future research concerning Manganism therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorojod
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A Alaimo
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S Porte Alcon
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - C Pomilio
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M L Kotler
- Laboratorio de Apoptosis en el Sistema Nervioso y Nano-oncología. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hu N, Yang L, Dong M, Ren J, Zhang Y. Deficiency in adiponectin exaggerates cigarette smoking exposure-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction: Role of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:175-89. [PMID: 26276084 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Second hand smoke is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin (APN), an adipose-derived adipokine, has been shown to offer cardioprotective effect through an AMPK-dependent manner. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of adiponectin deficiency on second hand smoke-induced cardiac pathology and underlying mechanisms using a mouse model of side-stream smoke exposure. Adult wild-type (WT) and adiponectin knockout (APNKO) mice were placed in a chamber exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 hour daily for 40 days. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte function, and intracellular Ca2+ handling were evaluated. Autophagy and apoptosis were examined using western blot. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Masson trichrome staining was employed to measure interstitial fibrosis. Our data revealed that adiponectin deficiency provoked smoke exposure-induced cardiomyopathy (compromised fractional shortening, disrupted cardiomyocyte function and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, apoptosis and ROS generation). In addition, these detrimental effects of side-stream smoke were accompanied by defective autophagolysosome formation, the effect of which was exacerbated by adiponectin deficiency. Blocking autophagolysosome formation using bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) negated the cardioprotective effect of rapamycin against smoke extract. Induction of autophagy using rapamycin and AMPKα activation using AICAR rescued against smoke extract-induced myopathic anomalies in APNKO mice. Our data suggest that adiponectin serves as an indispensable cardioprotective factor against side-stream smoke exposure-induced myopathic changes possibly through facilitating autophagolysosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Burn and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradation system which processes substrates through the steps of autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and substrate degradation. Aberrant autophagic flux is present in many pathological conditions including neurodegeneration and tumors. CHIP/STUB1, an E3 ligase, plays an important role in neurodegeneration. In this study, we identified the regulation of autophagic flux by CHIP (carboxy-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein). Knockdown of CHIP induced autophagosome formation through increasing the PTEN protein level and decreasing the AKT/mTOR activity as well as decreasing phosphorylation of ULK1 on Ser757. However, degradation of the autophagic substrate p62 was disturbed by knockdown of CHIP, suggesting an abnormality of autophagic flux. Furthermore, knockdown of CHIP increased the susceptibility of cells to autophagic cell death induced by bafilomycin A1. Thus, our data suggest that CHIP plays roles in the regulation of autophagic flux.
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46
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HRABETA JAN, GROH TOMAS, KHALIL MOHAMEDASHRAF, POLJAKOVA JITKA, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE, UHLIK JIRI, DOKTOROVA HELENA, CERNA TEREZA, FREI EVA, STIBOROVA MARIE, ECKSCHLAGER TOMAS. Vacuolar-ATPase-mediated intracellular sequestration of ellipticine contributes to drug resistance in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:971-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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47
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Mauvezin C, Nagy P, Juhász G, Neufeld TP. Autophagosome-lysosome fusion is independent of V-ATPase-mediated acidification. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7007. [PMID: 25959678 PMCID: PMC4428688 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent proton pump V-ATPase ensures low intralysosomal pH, which is essential for lysosomal hydrolase activity. Based on studies with the V-ATPase inhibitor BafilomycinA1, lysosomal acidification is also thought to be required for fusion with incoming vesicles from the autophagic and endocytic pathways. Here we show that loss of V-ATPase subunits in the Drosophila fat body causes an accumulation of non-functional lysosomes, leading to a block in autophagic flux. However, V-ATPase-deficient lysosomes remain competent to fuse with autophagosomes and endosomes, resulting in a time-dependent formation of giant autolysosomes. In contrast, BafilomycinA1 prevents autophagosome–lysosome fusion in these cells, and this defect is phenocopied by depletion of the Ca2+ pump SERCA, a secondary target of this drug. Moreover, activation of SERCA promotes fusion in a BafilomycinA1-sensitive manner. Collectively, our results indicate that lysosomal acidification is not a prerequisite for fusion, and that BafilomycinA1 inhibits fusion independent of its effect on lysosomal pH. BafilomycinA1 is an autophagy inhibitor, presumably owing to its blocking effect on the lysosomal proton pump V-ATPase. Here the authors show that V-ATPase-deficient lysosomes can still fuse with autophagosomes, showing that lysosomal acidification and fusion are two separable, independent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mauvezin
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pazmany s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pazmany s. 1/C. 6.520, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Thomas P Neufeld
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Ko CP, Lin CW, Chen MK, Yang SF, Chiou HL, Hsieh MJ. Pterostilbene induce autophagy on human oral cancer cells through modulation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:593-601. [PMID: 25883032 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extensive research supports the administration of herbal medicines or natural foods during cancer therapy. Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, has various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant activity, cancer prevention activity, and cytotoxicity to many cancers. However, the effect of pterostilbene on the autophagy of tumor cells has not been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the unique effects of pterostilbene on the autophagy of human oral cancer cells were investigated. RESULTS The results of this study showed that pterostilbene effectively inhibited the growth of human oral cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, the formation of acidic vesicular organelles and LC3-II production also demonstrated that pterostilbene induced autophagy. Administering 3-methylamphetamine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) exerted differing effects on the pterostilbene-induced death of human oral cancer cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy was triggered by activation of JNK1/2 and inhibition of Akt, ERK1/2, and p38. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrated that pterostilbene caused autophagy and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells, suggesting that pterostilbene could serve as a new and promising agent for treating human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Po Ko
- Department of neurosurgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Hayase H, Watanabe N, Lim CL, Nogawa T, Komatsuya K, Kita K, Osada H. Inhibition of malaria parasite growth by quinomycin A and its derivatives through DNA-intercalating activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:633-5. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.987205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Quinomycin A and its derivatives were identified as potent antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum) agents in a screen of the RIKEN NPDepo chemical library. IC50 values of quinomycin A and UK-63,598 were approximately 100 times lower than that of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. This activity was mitigated by the addition of plasmid DNA, suggesting that these compounds act against parasites by intercalating into their DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chung Liang Lim
- Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Keisuke Komatsuya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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50
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Jung ES, Hong H, Kim C, Mook-Jung I. Acute ER stress regulates amyloid precursor protein processing through ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8805. [PMID: 25740315 PMCID: PMC5390087 DOI: 10.1038/srep08805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ), a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavage by β-secretase and γ-secretase enzymes. APP is an integral membrane protein, and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD; however, the biological function of APP is still unclear. The present study shows that APP is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the CHO cell line in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, such as calcium ionophore, A23187, induced calcium influx. Increased levels of intracellular calcium by A23187 induces polyubiquitination of APP, causing its degradation. A23187-induced reduction of APP is prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Furthermore, an increase in levels of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) marker, E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, proteasome activity, and decreased levels of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP25 were observed during ER stress. In addition, we found that APP interacts with USP25. These findings suggest that acute ER stress induces degradation of full-length APP via the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry &Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunSeok Hong
- Medifron DBT, Inc., Gyeongi, 425-838, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry &Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry &Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
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