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Wang W, Ling X, Wang R, Xiong H, Hu L, Yang Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wu W, Singh PK, Wang J, Li F, Li Q. Structure-Activity Relationship of FL118 Platform Position 7 Versus Position 9-Derived Compounds and Their Mechanism of Action and Antitumor Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16888-16916. [PMID: 38100041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Structurally, FL118 is a camptothecin analogue and possesses exceptional antitumor efficacy against human cancer through a novel mechanism of action (MOA). In this report, we have synthesized and characterized 24 FL118 Position 7-substituted and 24 FL118 Position 9-substituted derivatives. The top compounds were further characterized for their MOA in colorectal cancer (CRC) models using CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and pancreatic cancer PDX models to evaluate their antitumor activities. Four FL118 Position 7-substituted derivatives showed significantly better antitumor efficacy than the FL118 Position 9-substituted derivatives. The four identified compounds also appeared to have better antitumor activity than their parental platform FL118. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analyses indicated that three of the four compounds exerted antitumor effects via an MOA similar to FL118, which provided an intriguing opportunity for follow-up studies. Extended in vivo studies revealed that FL77-6 (7-(4-ethylphenyl)-FL118), FL77-9 (7-(4-methoxylphenyl)-FL118), and FL77-24 (7-(3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-FL118) exhibit potential for further development toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiang Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Canget BioTekpharma, LLC, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Ruojiong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haonan Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liuzhi Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
- Canget BioTekpharma, LLC, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - QingYong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Ozawa S, Miura T, Terashima J, Habano W. Cellular irinotecan resistance in colorectal cancer and overcoming irinotecan refractoriness through various combination trials including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors: a review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:946-964. [PMID: 35582377 PMCID: PMC8992440 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with pharmacological drugs for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unsatisfactory. A major cause of failure in pharmacotherapy is the resistance of colon cancer cells to the drugs, creating an urgent issue. In this review, we summarize previous studies on the resistance of CRC cells to irinotecan and discuss possible reasons for refractoriness. Our review presents the following five major causes of irinotecan resistance in human CRC: (1) cellular irinotecan resistance is induced mainly through the increased expression of the drug efflux transporter, ABCG2; (2) cellular irinotecan resistance is also induced in association with a nuclear receptor, pregnane/steroid X receptor (PXR/SXR), which is enriched in the CYP3A4 gene enhancer region in CRC cells by exposing the cells to SN-38; (3) irinotecan-resistant cells possess either reduced DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) expression at both the mRNA and protein levels or Top1 missense mutations; (4) alterations in the tumor microenvironment lead to drug resistance through intercellular vesicle-mediated transmission of miRNAs; and (5) CRC stem cells are the most difficult targets to successfully treat CRC. In the clinical setting, CRC gradually develops resistance to initially effective irinotecan-based therapy. To solve this problem, several clinical trials, such as irinotecan plus cetuximab vs. cetuximab monotherapy, have been conducted. Another clinical trial on irinotecan plus guadecitabine, a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor, has also been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ozawa
- Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Miura
- Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jun Terashima
- Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Wataru Habano
- Division of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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Effect of Pterostilbene, a Natural Derivative of Resveratrol, in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer through Top1/Tdp1-Mediated DNA Repair Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164002. [PMID: 34439157 PMCID: PMC8391236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) repairs the stalled Topoisomerase 1 (Top1)-DNA covalent complex. It is conceivable that Tdp1 inhibitors could act synergistically with Top1 inhibitors to enhance the effect of Top1 poisons. This study identified pterostilbene (PTE) and resveratrol (RE) to suppress these two proteins by binding to their active center. PTE and RE could inhibit the proliferation of various colorectal cancer cells and decrease Top1 and Tdp1 contents and mRNA expression in wild-type, constructed Tdp1 overexpressing CL187, Top1- or Tdp1- silenced CL187 cell lines. PTE exhibited better antitumor activity and safety in subcutaneous CL187 transplantion model and orthotopic transplantation model. PTE had no significant inhibitory effect on non-tumor cell proliferation in vitro and would not induce damage to liver, kidney, and other major organs. Abstract Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor is an effective anticancer drug, but several factors limit its clinical application such as drug inactivation, tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1)-mediated tumor drug resistance, and its toxicity. Our previous study identified pterostilbene (PTE) and resveratrol (RE) to suppress these two proteins by binding to their active center. PTE and RE could inhibit the proliferation of various colorectal cancer cells, induce cell apoptosis, and make cell cycle stay in G2/M phase in vitro. PTE and RE could decrease Top1 and Tdp1 contents and mRNA expression in wild-type, constructed Tdp1 overexpressing CL187, Top1- or Tdp1- silenced CL187 cell lines. PTE exhibited excellent antitumor activity in subcutaneous CL187 transplantation model (TGI = 79.14 ± 2.85%, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and orthotopic transplantation model (TGI = 76.57 ± 6.34%, 100 mg/kg, i.p.; TGI = 72.79 ± 4.06%, 500 mg/kg, i.g.) without significant toxicity. PTE had no significant inhibitory effect on non-tumor cell proliferation in vitro and would not induce damage to liver, kidney, and other major organs. Overall, PTE and RE can inhibit the activity of Top1 enzyme and inhibit the DNA damage repair pathway mediated by Top1/Tdp1, and can effectively inhibit colorectal cancer development with low toxicity, thus they have great potential to be developed into a new generation of anti-tumor drugs.
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Mutant Kras as a Biomarker Plays a Favorable Role in FL118-Induced Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production and Modulation of Survivin, Mcl-1 and XIAP in Human Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113413. [PMID: 33217967 PMCID: PMC7698790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary FL118 is a novel orally available small molecule anticancer drug. We found that bladder cancer cells with a mutant Kras is highly sensitive to FL118-induced cell growth inhibition and cell death induction through inhibiting the anti-cancer cell death and drug resistance factors (survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP). In the Kras-mutation bladder cancer cells, FL118 can stimulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production for killing bladder cancer cells and inhibiting bladder cancer cell-established tumor growth. Elimination of mutant Kras by Kras-specific shRNA technology in mutant Kras-containing bladder cancer cell-established tumor decreased FL118 effectiveness to inhibit bladder cancer tumor growth. In this regard, mutant Kras is a potential favorable biomarker for FL118. This finding is significant because mutant Kras is known to be a formidable challenge treatment resistant factor in various types of cancer. Thus, FL118 could use mutant Kras as favorable biomarker for patient selection to carry out precision medicine. Abstract Tumor heterogeneity in key gene mutations in bladder cancer (BC) is a major hurdle for the development of effective treatments. Using molecular, cellular, proteomics and animal models, we demonstrated that FL118, an innovative small molecule, is highly effective at killing T24 and UMUC3 high-grade BC cells, which have Hras and Kras mutations, respectively. In contrast, HT1376 BC cells with wild-type Ras are insensitive to FL118. This concept was further demonstrated in additional BC and colorectal cancer cells with mutant Kras versus those with wild-type Kras. FL118 strongly induced PARP cleavage (apoptosis hallmark) and inhibited survivin, XIAP and/or Mcl-1 in both T24 and UMUC3 cells, but not in the HT1376 cells. Silencing mutant Kras reduced both FL118-induced PARP cleavage and downregulation of survivin, XIAP and Mcl-1 in UMUC3 cells, suggesting mutant Kras is required for FL118 to exhibit higher anticancer efficacy. FL118 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in T24 and UMUC3 cells, but not in HT1376 cells. Silencing mutant Kras in UMUC3 cells reduced FL118-mediated ROS generation. Proteomics analysis revealed that a profound and opposing Kras-relevant signaling protein is changed in UMUC3 cells and not in HT1376 cells. Consistently, in vivo studies indicated that UMUC3 tumors are highly sensitive to FL118 treatment, while HT1376 tumors are highly resistant to this agent. Silencing mutant Kras in UMUC3 cell-derived tumors decreases UMUC3 tumor sensitivity to FL118 treatment. Together, our studies revealed that mutant Kras is a favorable biomarker for FL118 targeted treatment.
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Tesauro C, Simonsen AK, Andersen MB, Petersen KW, Kristoffersen EL, Algreen L, Hansen NY, Andersen AB, Jakobsen AK, Stougaard M, Gromov P, Knudsen BR, Gromova I. Topoisomerase I activity and sensitivity to camptothecin in breast cancer-derived cells: a comparative study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1158. [PMID: 31783818 PMCID: PMC6884793 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are currently used as second- or third-line treatment for patients with endocrine-resistant breast cancer (BC). These drugs convert nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) to a cell poison with the potential to damage DNA by increasing the half-life of TOP1-DNA cleavage complexes (TOP1cc), ultimately resulting in cell death. In small and non-randomized trials for BC, researchers have observed extensive variation in CPT response rates, ranging from 14 to 64%. This variability may be due to the absence of reliable selective parameters for patient stratification. BC cell lines may serve as feasible models for generation of functional criteria that may be used to predict drug sensitivity for patient stratification and, thus, lead to more appropriate applications of CPT in clinical trials. However, no study published to date has included a comparison of multiple relevant parameters and CPT response across cell lines corresponding to specific BC subtypes. Method We evaluated the levels and possible associations of seven parameters including the status of the TOP1 gene (i.e. amplification), TOP1 protein expression level, TOP1 activity and CPT susceptibility, activity of the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), the cellular CPT response and the cellular growth rate across a representative panel of BC cell lines, which exemplifies three major BC subtypes: Luminal, HER2 and TNBC. Results In all BC cell lines analyzed (without regard to subtype classification), we observed a significant overall correlation between growth rate and CPT response. In cell lines derived from Luminal and HER2 subtypes, we observed a correlation between TOP1 gene copy number, TOP1 activity, and CPT response, although the data were too limited for statistical analyses. In cell lines representing Luminal and TNBC subtypes, we observed a direct correlation between TOP1 protein abundancy and levels of enzymatic activity. In all three subtypes (Luminal, HER2, and TNBC), TOP1 exhibits approximately the same susceptibility to CPT. Of the three subtypes examined, the TNBC-like cell lines exhibited the highest CPT sensitivity and were characterized by the fastest growth rate. This indicates that breast tumors belonging to the TNBC subtype, may benefit from treatment with CPT derivatives. Conclusion TOP1 activity is not a marker for CPT sensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Present Address: Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bech Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Emil Laust Kristoffersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Present Address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Line Algreen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Bech Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Irina Gromova
- Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Li F, Aljahdali I, Ling X. Cancer therapeutics using survivin BIRC5 as a target: what can we do after over two decades of study? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:368. [PMID: 31439015 PMCID: PMC6704566 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Survivin (also named BIRC5) is a well-known cancer therapeutic target. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, the use of survivin as a target for cancer therapeutics has remained a central goal of survivin studies in the cancer field. Many studies have provided intriguing insight into survivin's functional role in cancers, thus providing promise for survivin as a cancer therapeutic target. Despite this, moving survivin-targeting agents into and through the clinic remains a challenge. In order to address this challenge, we may need to rethink current strategies in order to develop a new mindset for targeting survivin. In this Review, we will first summarize the current survivin mechanistic studies, and then review the status of survivin cancer therapeutics, which is classified into five categories: (i) survivin-partner protein interaction inhibitors, (ii) survivin homodimerization inhibitors, (iii) survivin gene transcription inhibitors, (iv) survivin mRNA inhibitors and (v) survivin immunotherapy. We will then provide our opinions on cancer therapeutics using survivin as a target, with the goal of stimulating discussion that might facilitate translational research for discovering improved strategies and/or more effective anticancer agents that target survivin for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA. .,Developmental Therapeutics Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.
| | - Ieman Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA.,Canget BioTekpharma LLC, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Lv C, Liu X, Zheng Q, Chen H, Yang X, Zhong J, Wang Y, Duan J, Wang Z, Bai H, Wu M, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang Z, An T, Zhuo M. Analysis of topoisomerase I expression and identification of predictive markers for efficacy of topotecan chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1166-1173. [PMID: 30058109 PMCID: PMC6119620 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated topoisomerase I (TOPO1) expression in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and identified predictive factors for the efficacy of second‐line topotecan chemotherapy. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the records of SCLC patients treated in our department from January 2007 to December 2016 who received second‐line topotecan chemotherapy. Patients with archived tumor samples were enrolled. TOPO1 expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between TOPO1 expression, clinical factors, chemotherapy efficacy, and survival were analyzed. Results Of the 78 patients enrolled, 67 showed TOPO1 expression (85.9%). Patients were divided into strong (n = 43) or weak (n = 35) expression groups based on staining intensity. Disease control rates for topotecan were 39.5% and 14.3% in the strong and weak groups, respectively (P = 0.014). Second‐line median progression‐free survival was 2.2 and 2.0 months (P = 0.057), and median overall survival was 8.1 and 6.0 months (P = 0.199) in the strong and weak positive groups, respectively. Patients were also divided into sensitive (n = 47) and refractory (n = 31) disease groups according to the duration from the onset of first‐line therapy to relapse. Median second‐line progression‐free survival was 2.2 and 1.8 months in the sensitive and refractory relapse groups, respectively (P = 0.005). Conclusions TOPO1 expression was prevalent in SCLC patients. Strong expression was associated with an elevated disease control rate after second‐line topotecan chemotherapy. Patients with sensitive disease that relapsed after first‐line chemotherapy had better survival than refractory patients who received second‐line topotecan chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Lv
- Geriatric Department, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology-I, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Kjeldsen E, Nielsen CJF, Roy A, Tesauro C, Jakobsen AK, Stougaard M, Knudsen BR. Characterization of Camptothecin-induced Genomic Changes in the Camptothecin-resistant T-ALL-derived Cell Line CPT-K5. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:91-114. [PMID: 29496689 PMCID: PMC5892604 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to topoisomerase I (TOP1)-targeting camptothecin (CPT) derivatives is a major clinical problem. Little is known about the underlying chromosomal and genomic mechanisms. We characterized the CPT-K5 cell line expressing mutant CPT-resistant TOP1 and its parental T-cell derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia CPT-sensitive RPMI-8402 cell line by karyotyping and molecular genetic methods, including subtractive oligo-based array comparative genomic hybridization (soaCGH) analysis. Karyotyping revealed that CPT-K5 cells had acquired additional structural aberrations and a reduced modal chromosomal number compared to RPMI-8402. soaCGH analysis identified vast copy number alterations and >200 unbalanced DNA breakpoints distributed unevenly across the chromosomal complement in CPT-K5. In addition, the short tandem repeat alleles were found to be highly different between CPT-K5 and its parental cell line. We identified copy number alterations affecting genes important for maintaining genome integrity and reducing CPT-induced DNA damage. We show for the first time that short tandem repeats are targets for TOP1 cleavage, that can be differentially stimulated by CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Cancer Cytogenetics Section, HemoDiagnostic Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine J F Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li F, Jiang T, Li Q, Ling X. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are known to target topoisomerase I (Top1) as their mechanism of action: did we miss something in CPT analogue molecular targets for treating human disease such as cancer? Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2350-2394. [PMID: 29312794 PMCID: PMC5752681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) was discovered from plant extracts more than 60 years ago. Since then, only two CPT analogues (irinotecan and topotecan) have been approved for cancer treatment, although several thousand CPT derivatives have been synthesized and many of them were actively studied in our research community over the past 6+ decades. In this review article, we briefly summarize: (1) the discovery and early development of CPTs, (2) the recognized CPT mechanism of action (MOA), (3) the synthesis of CPT and CPT analogues, and (4) the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CPT and its analogues. Next, we provide evidence that certain CPT analogues can exert improved efficacy with low toxicity independently of topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibition; instead, these CPT analogues use novel MOAs by targeting important cancer survival-associated oncogenic proteins and/or by bypassing various treatment-resistant mechanisms. We then present a comprehensive review of the most advanced CPT analogues in clinical development, with the goal of resolving why no new CPTs have been FDA approved for cancer treatment, beyond irinotecan and topotecan. We argue that new CPT Top1 inhibitor drugs are unlikely being found to be significantly better than irinotecan and/or topotecan in terms of the overall antitumor activity and toxicity. The significance of CPT analogues that possess novel MOAs has not been sufficiently recognized so far. In our opinion, this is a research area with great potential to make a breakthrough for development of the next generation of CPT analogues that possess high efficacy (due to novel targets) and low toxicity (due to low inhibition of Top1 activity/function) for effective treatment of human disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of ChinaQingdao, China
| | - Qingyong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
- Canget BioTekpharmaBuffalo, New York, USA
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10
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Li F, Ling X, Harris DL, Liao J, Wang Y, Westover D, Jiang G, Xu B, Boland PM, Jin C. Topoisomerase I (Top1): a major target of FL118 for its antitumor efficacy or mainly involved in its side effects of hematopoietic toxicity? Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:370-382. [PMID: 28337384 PMCID: PMC5336509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FL118 is a novel camptothecin (CPT) analogue that possesses exceptional antitumor efficacy in human tumor animal models. To date, two CPT analogues, irinotecan and topotecan, have been approved by the FDA for cancer treatment. FL118 exhibits superior antitumor activity over irinotecan and topotecan, and effectively overcomes the irinotecan- or topotecan-resistant human tumors in animal models. Accordingly, FL118 selectively inhibits the expression of multiple cancer-associated proteins (survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP, cIAP2, MdmX). However, FL118 has hematopoietic toxicity similar to irinotecan and topotecan, suggesting that FL118's hematopoietic toxicity may share a mechanism similar to irinotecan and topotecan. It is known that CPTs including irinotecan, SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) and topotecan are topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors. However, the evidence from our studies failed to reveal that FL118 is a better Top1 inhibitor than SN-38. It was documented that Top1 expression level is positively associated with CPTs' sensitivity. Low Top1 expression links to CPTs' resistance. In contrast to these findings, we found that human colorectal tumor sensitivity to FL118 is irrelevant to the expression level of Top1 protein. FL118 can show high antitumor efficacy in Top1-negative tumors, while Top1 highly positive tumors can exhibit FL118 resistance. This suggests that the presence of Top1 target is not critical for FL118 antitumor activity. In other words, targeting Top1 by FL118 may not play a major role for its antitumor efficacy. However, studies indicate that FL118 can bind to, and inhibit Top1 activity. This raises the possibility that inhibition of Top1 by FL118 may predominantly be involved in hematopoietic toxicity, but not in FL118 antitumor activity. In this article, we will summarize existing observations and provide our up-to-date research results to support our opinion on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Danni L Harris
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI InternationalResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianqun Liao
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - David Westover
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Patrick M Boland
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI InternationalResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Gibberellin derivative GA-13315 sensitizes multidrug-resistant cancer cells by antagonizing ABCB1 while agonizes ABCC1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:51-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Li DZ, Wang CY, Liu RH, Wang YM, Ji TF, Li YR, Pan XD. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel 20-O-linked homocamptothecin ester derivatives as potent topoisomerase I inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1179-1188. [PMID: 24215541 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.855203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to improve the antitumor activity of homocamptothecins (hCPTs), a series of novel 20-O-linked hCPT ester derivatives were first designed and synthesized based on a synthetic route, by which hCPTs are acylated with different substituted phenoxyacetic acid ester derivatives. Most of the derivatives were assayed for in vitro cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines KB, KB/VCR, A549, HCT-8, Bel7402, and A2780, and most of the assayed compounds exhibited good antiproliferative activity on these tumor cell lines especially on KB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zao Li
- a College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
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13
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Wei NN, Hamza A, Hao C, Xiu Z, Zhan CG. Microscopic Modes and Free Energies for Topoisomerase I-DNA Covalent Complex Binding with Non-campothecin Inhibitors by Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations. Theor Chem Acc 2013; 132:10.1007/s00214-013-1379-z. [PMID: 24363608 PMCID: PMC3867144 DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (Topo1) has been identified as an attractive target for anticancer drug development due to its central role in facilitating the nuclear process of the DNA. It is essential for rational design of novel Topo1 inhibitors to reliably predict the binding structures of the Topo1 inhibitors interacting with the Topo1-DNA complex. The detailed binding structures and binding free energies for the Topo1-DNA complex interacting with typical non-camptothecin (CPT) Topo1 inhibitors have been examined by performing molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations. The computational results provide valuable insights into the binding modes of the inhibitors binding with the Topo1-DNA complex and the key factors affecting the binding affinity. It has been demonstrated that the - stacking interaction with the DNA base pairs and the hydrogen bonding with Topo1 have the pivotal contributions to the binding structures and binding free energies, although the van der Waals and electrostatic interactions also significantly contribute to the stabilization of the binding structures. The calculated binding free energies are in good agreement with the available experiment activity data. The detailed binding modes and the crucial factors affecting the binding free energies obtained from the present computational studies may provide valuable insights for future rational design of novel, more potent Topo1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Adel Hamza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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14
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Chen ZH, Zhao RJ, Li RH, Guo CP, Zhang GJ. Bioluminescence imaging of DNA synthetic phase of cell cycle in living animals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53291. [PMID: 23301056 PMCID: PMC3536746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence reporter proteins have been widely used in the development of tools for monitoring biological events in living cells. Currently, some assays like flow cytometry analysis are available for studying DNA synthetic phase (S-phase) targeted anti-cancer drug activity in vitro; however, techniques for imaging of in vivo models remain limited. Cyclin A2 is known to promote S-phase entry in mammals. Its expression levels are low during G1-phase, but they increase at the onset of S-phase. Cyclin A2 is degraded during prometaphase by ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated proteolysis. In this study, we have developed a cyclin A2-luciferase (CYCA-Luc) fusion protein targeted for ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation, and have evaluated its utility in screening S-phase targeted anti-cancer drugs. Similar to endogenous cyclin A2, CYCA-Luc accumulates during S-phase and is degraded during G2/M-phase. Using Cdc20 siRNA we have demonstrated that Cdc20 can mediate CYCA-Luc degradation. Moreover, using noninvasive bioluminescent imaging, we demonstrated accumulation of CYCA-Luc in response to 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), an S-phase targeted anti-cancer drug, in human tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that a CYCA-Luc fusion reporter system can be used to monitor S-phase of cell cycle, and evaluate pharmacological activity of anti-cancer drug HCPT in real time in vitro and in vivo, and is likely to provide an important tool for screening such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Chen
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jun Zhao
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Hui Li
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ping Guo
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Mancini G, D'Annessa I, Coletta A, Chillemi G, Pommier Y, Cushman M, Desideri A. Binding of an Indenoisoquinoline to the topoisomerase-DNA complex induces reduction of linker mobility and strengthening of protein-DNA interaction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51354. [PMID: 23236483 PMCID: PMC3516564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-duration comparative molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA-topoisomerase binary and DNA-topoisomerase-indenoisoquinoline ternary complexes have been carried out. The analyses demonstrated the role of the drug in conformationally stabilizing the protein-DNA interaction. In detail, the protein lips, clamping the DNA substrate, interact more tightly in the ternary complex than in the binary one. The drug also reduces the conformational space sampled by the protein linker domain through an increased interaction with the helix bundle proximal to the active site. A similar alteration of linker domain dynamics has been observed in a precedent work for topotecan but the molecular mechanisms were different if compared to those described in this work. Finally, the indenoisoquinoline keeps Lys532 far from the DNA, making it unable to participate in the religation reaction, indicating that both short- and long-range interactions contribute to the drug poisoning effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Mancini
- CASPUR Inter-University Consortium for the Application of Super-Computing for Universities and Research, Rome, Italy
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16
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Tomicic MT, Kaina B. Topoisomerase degradation, DSB repair, p53 and IAPs in cancer cell resistance to camptothecin-like topoisomerase I inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:11-27. [PMID: 23006513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors applied in cancer therapy such as topotecan and irinotecan are derivatives of the natural alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). The mechanism of CPT poisoning of TOP1 rests on inhibition of the re-ligation function of the enzyme resulting in the stabilization of the TOP1-cleavable complex. In the presence of CPTs this enzyme-DNA complex impairs transcription and DNA replication, resulting in fork stalling and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in proliferating cells. As with most chemotherapeutics, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance represents a hurdle that limits the success of CPT therapy. Preclinical data indicate that resistance to CPT-based drugs might be caused by factors such as (a) poor drug accumulation in the tumor, (b) high rate of drug efflux, (c) mutations in TOP1 leading to failure in CPT docking, or (d) altered signaling triggered by the drug-TOP1-DNA complex, (e) expression of DNA repair proteins, and (f) failure to activate cell death pathways. This review will focus on the issues (d-f). We discuss degradation of TOP1 as part of the repair pathway in the processing of TOP1 associated DNA damage, give a summary of proteins involved in repair of CPT-induced replication mediated DSB, and highlight the role of p53 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly XIAP and survivin, in cancer cell resistance to CPT-like chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Juul S, Ho YP, Stougaard M, Koch J, Andersen FF, Leong KW, Knudsen BR. Microfluidics-mediated isothermal detection of enzyme activity at the single molecule level. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:3258-61. [PMID: 22255034 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conventional analysis of enzymatic activity, often carried out on pools of cells, is blind to heterogeneity in the population. Here, we combine microfluidics with a previously developed isothermal rolling circle amplification-based assay to investigate multiple enzymatic activities in down to single cells. This microfluidics-meditated assay performs at very high sensitivity in picoliter incubators with small quantities of biological materials. Furthermore, we demonstrate the assay's capability of multiplexed detection of at least three enzyme activities at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Juul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, iNANO, Aarhus University, Denmark
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18
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Gray J, Cubitt CL, Zhang S, Chiappori A. Combination of HDAC and topoisomerase inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:614-22. [PMID: 22441819 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including MGCD0103 and vorinostat, have led to tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis in vivo. However, with limited single-agent activity demonstrated in solid tumor trials, we examined the potential for enhanced effects in combination with topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, a staple for treatment in refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of single-agent HDAC inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors, in various combinations, to assess for cell viability, additivity or synergy, and apoptosis. We found that MGCD0103 and vorinostat decreased cell viability by at least 60% and 80%, respectively. In the majority of cell lines, the strongest synergism was seen when vorinostat was followed by either etoposide or topotecan; concurrent therapy led to antagonism in most cell lines. Synergistic effects were seen when MGCD0103 was given concurrently or sequentially with both amrubicin and epirubicin. Enhanced additive effects leading to caspase activation were noted for the combination of MGCD0103 or vorinostat with a topoisomerase inhibitor vs. either agent alone. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors showed enhanced cytotoxic effects in SCLC cell lines. Further evaluation in a clinical setting may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanelle Gray
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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19
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Lopez KA, Tannenbaum AM, Assanah MC, Linskey K, Yun J, Kangarlu A, Gil OD, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Convection-enhanced delivery of topotecan into a PDGF-driven model of glioblastoma prolongs survival and ablates both tumor-initiating cells and recruited glial progenitors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3963-71. [PMID: 21464045 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of microenvironment to tumor growth has important implications for optimizing chemotherapeutic response and understanding the biology of recurrent tumors. In this study, we tested the effects of locally administered topotecan on a rat model of glioblastoma that is induced by intracerebral injection of PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-GFP (green fluorescent protein)-expressing retrovirus, treated the tumors by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of topotecan (136 μmol/L) for 1, 4, or 7 days, and then characterized the effects on both the retrovirus-transformed tumor cells (GFP(+) cells) as well as the uninfected glial progenitor cells (GFP(-) cells) that are recruited to the tumor. Topotecan treatment reduced GFP(+) cells about 10-fold and recruited progenitors by about 80-fold while providing a significant survival advantage that improved with greater treatment duration. Regions of glial progenitor ablation occurred corresponding to the anatomic distribution of topotecan as predicted by MRI of a surrogate tracer. Histopathologic changes in recurrent tumors point to a decrease in recruitment, most likely due to the chemotherapeutic ablation of the recruitable progenitor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Lopez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Nobili S, Landini I, Mazzei T, Mini E. Overcoming tumor multidrug resistance using drugs able to evade P-glycoprotein or to exploit its expression. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:1220-62. [PMID: 21374643 DOI: 10.1002/med.20239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Cellular overproduction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which acts as an efflux pump for various anticancer drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and some of the newer antitumor drugs) is one of the more relevant mechanisms underlying MDR. P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters and is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Its overexpression in cancer cells has become a therapeutic target for circumventing MDR. As an alternative to the classical pharmacological strategy of the coadministration of pump inhibitors and cytotoxic substrates of P-gp and to other approaches applied in experimental tumor models (e.g. P-gp-targeting antibodies, ABCB1 gene silencing strategies, and transcriptional modulators) and in the clinical setting (e.g. incapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles), a more intriguing strategy for circumventing MDR is represented by the development of new anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. epothilones, second- and third-generation taxanes and other microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors). Some of these drugs have already been tested in clinical trials and, in most of cases, show relevant activity in patients previously treated with anticancer agents which are substrates of P-gp. Of these drugs, ixabepilone, an epothilone, was approved in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer patients pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Another innovative approach is the use of molecules whose activity takes advantage of the overexpression of P-gp. The possibility of overcoming MDR using the latter two approaches is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139, Firenze, Italy.
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21
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Zhu LJ, Zhuang CL, Lei N, Sheng CQ, Guo W, Miao ZY, Liu WF, Yao JZ, Zhang WN. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Homocamptothecin-Dihydropyridine Derivative Conjugates as Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocamptothecins (hCPT) represent a new generation of antitumour agents targeting DNA topoisomerase I. The expanded seven-membered lactone E-ring that characterizes hCPT enhances the plasma stability of the drug and reinforces the inhibition of topoisomerase I (Topo I) compared with conventional six-membered CPT. In an attempt to improve the antitumour activity of hCP, a series of novel hCPT derivatives conjugating with dihydropyridine derivates were designed and synthesized based on a synthetic route that couples 7-formylhomocamptothecin with different dihydropyridine derivates. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good cytotoxic activity on tumour cell line A549, MDA-MB-435, and HCT116. Furthermore, this class of compounds showed superior Topo I inhibition activity comparable to or higher than CPT.
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22
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Zhang YQ, Zhang HJ, Zhang J, Wang J, Yao JZ, Zhu LJ, Zhuang CL, Wang SZ, Dong GQ, Sheng CQ, Miao ZY, Zhang WN. Antitumor Activities and Structure - Activity Relationship of Phosphotriester Derivatives of Homocamptothecin Based on a Semisynthetic Route. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on a new semisynthetic route, a series of phosphotriester 7-alkyl-homocamptothecin derivatives are designed and synthesized. Cytotoxic activity assays show that compounds 12a and 14c with a methyl in position C7 of the homocamptothecin are more potent than the other derivatives and the positive drug irinotecan against A-549, MCF-7, and LOVO cell lines. Moreover, compound 14c shows potent tumour inhibitory activity in a Colo205 xenograft model.
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23
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Khadka DB, Cho WJ. 3-Arylisoquinolines as novel topoisomerase I inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:724-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Dong G, Sheng C, Wang S, Miao Z, Yao J, Zhang W. Selection of evodiamine as a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor by structure-based virtual screening and hit optimization of evodiamine derivatives as antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7521-31. [PMID: 20942490 DOI: 10.1021/jm100387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerase I (TopoI) is recognized as a valuable target for the development of effective antitumor agents. Structure-based virtual screening was applied to the discovery of structurally diverse TopoI inhibitors. From 23 compounds selected by virtual screening, a total of 14 compounds were found to be TopoI inhibitors. Five hits (compounds 1, 14, 20, 21, and 23) also showed moderate to good in vitro antitumor activity. These novel structures can be considered as good starting points for the development of new antitumor lead compounds. Hit 20 (evodiamine) was chosen for preliminary structure-activity relationship studies. Various groups, including alkyl, benzoyl, benzyl and ester, were introduced to the indole nitrogen atom of evodiamine. The substituted benzoyl groups were found to be favorable for the antitumor activity and spectrum. The 4-Cl benzoyl derivative, compound 29u, was the most active one with IC(50) values in the range 0.049-2.6 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zander SAL, Kersbergen A, van der Burg E, de Water N, van Tellingen O, Gunnarsdottir S, Jaspers JE, Pajic M, Nygren AOH, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. Sensitivity and acquired resistance of BRCA1;p53-deficient mouse mammary tumors to the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1700-10. [PMID: 20145144 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is no tailored therapy yet for human basal-like mammary carcinomas. However, BRCA1 dysfunction is frequently present in these malignancies, compromising homology-directed DNA repair. This defect may serve as the tumor's Achilles heel and make the tumor hypersensitive to DNA breaks. We have evaluated this putative synthetic lethality in a genetically engineered mouse model for BRCA1-associated breast cancer, using the topoisomerase I (Top1) poison topotecan as monotherapy and in combination with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition by olaparib. All 20 tumors tested were topotecan sensitive, but response heterogeneity was substantial. Although topotecan increased mouse survival, all tumors eventually acquired resistance. As mechanisms of in vivo resistance, we identified overexpression of Abcg2/Bcrp and markedly reduced protein levels of the drug target Top1 (without altered mRNA levels). Tumor-specific genetic ablation of Abcg2 significantly increased overall survival of topotecan-treated animals (P < 0.001), confirming the in vivo relevance of ABCG2 for topotecan resistance in a novel approach. Despite the lack of ABCG2, a putative tumor-initiating cell marker, none of the 11 Abcg2(-/-);Brca1(-/-);p53(-/-) tumors were eradicated, not even by the combination topotecan-olaparib. We find that olaparib substantially increases topotecan toxicity in this model, and we suggest that this might also happen in humans.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, BRCA1/physiology
- Genes, p53/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Maximum Tolerated Dose
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Phthalazines/therapeutic use
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
- Topotecan/administration & dosage
- Topotecan/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A L Zander
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andersen FF, Stougaard M, Jørgensen HL, Bendsen S, Juul S, Hald K, Andersen AH, Koch J, Knudsen BR. Multiplexed detection of site specific recombinase and DNA topoisomerase activities at the single molecule level. ACS NANO 2009; 3:4043-4054. [PMID: 19950974 DOI: 10.1021/nn9012912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the conversion of a single human topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage-ligation event happening within nanometer dimensions to a micrometer-sized DNA molecule, readily detectable using standard fluorescence microscopy. This conversion was achieved by topoisomerase I mediated closure of a nicked DNA circle followed by rolling circle amplification leading to an anchored product that was visualized at the single molecule level by hybridization to fluorescently labeled probes (Stougaard et al. ACS Nano 2009, 3, 223-33). An important inherent property of the presented setup is, at least in theory, the easy adaptability to multiplexed enzyme detection simply by using differently labeled probes for the detection of rolling circle products of different circularized substrates. In the present study we demonstrate the specific detection of three different enzyme activities, human topoisomerase I, and Flp and Cre recombinase in nuclear extracts from human cells one at a time or multiplexed using the rolling circle amplification based single-molecule detection system. Besides serving as a proof-of-principle for the feasibility of the presented assay for multiplexed enzyme detection in crude human cell extracts, the simultaneous detection of Flp and Cre activities in a single sample may find immediate practical use since these enzymes are often used in combination to control mammalian gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicie Faucon Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Pfister TD, Reinhold WC, Agama K, Gupta S, Khin SA, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Tomaszewski JE, Doroshow JH, Pommier Y. Topoisomerase I levels in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel determined by validated ELISA and microarray analysis and correlation with indenoisoquinoline sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1878-84. [PMID: 19584232 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (Top1) is a proven target for cancer therapeutics, and the level of Top1 in tumors has been used as a biomarker for chemotherapeutic efficacy. In this study, we report the development and validation of a two-site enzyme chemiluminescent immunoassay for Top1, which we used to measure Top1 levels in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Top1 levels ranged from 0.9 to 9.8 ng/mL/microg protein extract in these cell lines. Levels varied both within and between cancer types but were generally highest in colon cancer and leukemia cell lines and lowest in central nervous system and renal cancer cell lines. Top1 mRNA levels in the NCI-60 cell lines were also measured by microarray; mRNA values generally showed a good correlation with protein levels (Pearson correlation = 0.8). When these expression levels were compared with the activity of the indenoisoquinoline class of Top1 inhibitors across the NCI-60 cell panel, low levels of Top1 were associated with increased resistance to these drugs. The results of our studies indicate that our Top1 assay can be used to quantify Top1 levels in untreated cells as well as cells treated with Top1 inhibitors and that the assay has the potential to be adapted for use in predicting clinical response to Top1-active antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Pfister
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Support Directorate, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick Inc, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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Stougaard M, Lohmann JS, Mancino A, Celik S, Andersen FF, Koch J, Knudsen BR. Single-molecule detection of human topoisomerase I cleavage-ligation activity. ACS NANO 2009; 3:223-233. [PMID: 19206270 DOI: 10.1021/nn800509b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate the conversion of a single human topoisomerase I mediated DNA cleavage-ligation event happening within nanometer dimensions to a micrometer-sized DNA molecule, readily detectable using standard fluorescence microscopy. This conversion is achieved by topoisomerase I mediated closure of a nicked DNA dumbbell structure, followed by rolling circle amplification. The resulting product consists of multiple tandem repeats of the DNA dumbbell and can subsequently be visualized by annealing to fluorescently labeled probes. Since amplification involves no thermal cycling, each fluorescent rolling circle product, which gives rise to an individual signal upon microscopic analysis, will correspond to a single human topoisomerase I mediated cleavage-ligation event. Regarding sensitivity, speed, and ease of performance, the presented activity assay based on single-molecule product detection is superior to current state of the art assays using supercoiled plasmids or radiolabeled oligonucleotides as the substrate for topoisomerase I activity. Moreover, inherent in the experimental design is the easy adaptation to multiplexed and/or high-throughput systems. Human topoisomerase I is the cellular target of clinically important anticancer drugs, and the effect of such drugs corresponds directly to the intracellular topoisomerase I cleavage-ligation activity level. We therefore believe that the presented setup, measuring directly the number of cleavage-ligation events in a given sample, has great diagnostic potential, adding considerably to the possibilities of accurate prognosis before treatment with topoisomerase I directed chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Kroep JR, Gelderblom H. Diflomotecan, a promising homocamptothecin for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 18:69-75. [DOI: 10.1517/13543780802571674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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