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Suliman HB, Healy Z, Zobi F, Kraft BD, Welty-Wolf K, Smith J, Barkauskas C, Piantadosi CA. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 negatively regulates TGF-β1 and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis. iScience 2022; 25:103535. [PMID: 34977500 PMCID: PMC8683592 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is useful to study mechanisms related to human pulmonary fibrosis. Using BLM in mice, we find low HO-1 expression. Although a unique Rhenium-CO-releasing molecule (ReCORM) up-regulates HO-1, NRF-1, CCN5, and SMAD7, it reduces TGFβ1, TGFβr1, collagen, α-SMA, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels in mouse lung and in human lung fibroblasts. ChIP assay studies confirm NRF-1 binding to the promoters of TGFβ1 repressors CCN5 and Smad7. ReCORM did not blunt lung fibrosis in Hmox1-deficient alveolar type 2 cell knockout mice, suggesting this gene participates in lung protection. In human lung fibroblasts, TGFβ1-dependent production of α-SMA is abolished by ReCORM or by NRF-1 gene transfection. We demonstrate effective HO-1/NRF-1 signaling in lung AT2 cells protects against BLM induced lung injury and fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial health, function, and suppressing the TGFβ1 pathway. Thus, protection of AT2 cell mitochondrial integrity via HO-1/NRF-1 presents an innovative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B. Suliman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Healy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bryan D. Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Karen Welty-Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua Smith
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina Barkauskas
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Claude A. Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Abstract
Significance: As the central metabolic organ, the liver is exposed to a variety of potentially cytotoxic, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogenic stimuli. To protect the organism from these deleterious effects, the liver has evolved a number of defense systems, which include antioxidant substrates and enzymes, anti-inflammatory tools, enzymatic biotransformation systems, and metabolic pathways. Recent Advances: One of the pivotal systems that evolved during phylogenesis was the heme catabolic pathway. Comprising the important enzymes heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase, this complex pathway has a number of key functions including enzymatic activities, but also cell signaling, and DNA transcription. It further generates two important bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as the gaseous molecule carbon monoxide. These heme degradation products have potent antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and cytoprotective effects. Recent data suggest that the pathway participates in the regulation of metabolic and hormonal processes implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic and other diseases. Critical Issues: This review discusses the impact of the heme catabolic pathway on major liver diseases, with particular focus on the involvement of cellular targeting and signaling in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Future Directions: To utilize the biological consequences of the heme catabolic pathway, several unique therapeutic strategies have been developed. Research indicates that pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and lifestyle modifications positively affect the pathway, delivering potentially long-term clinical benefits. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of these approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 734-752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Vítek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Yang PM, Cheng KC, Yuan SH, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide‑releasing molecules protect against blue light exposure and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1096-1106. [PMID: 32582966 PMCID: PMC7387094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of vision loss among the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), and their ability to activate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related genes in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, as well as the inhibition of endothelial cell migration. It was first determined that CORM2 and CORM3 suppressed blue light-induced cell damage. In addition, a decrease in the level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 protein and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential were considered to reflect the anti-apoptotic activity of CORMs. Furthermore, CORM2 induced Nrf-2 activation and the expression of the Nrf2-related genes heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Pretreatment with CORM2 abolished the blue light-induced increase in oxidative stress, suggesting that CORM2-induced antioxidant activity was involved in the cytoprotection against blue light. It was also demonstrated that CORMs markedly suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Moreover, it was further observed that CORMs exert their inhibitory effects through blocking nuclear factor-κB/p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation in TNFα-treated RPE cells. It was observed that CORM2, but not CORM3, protected against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. CORMs abolished vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of endothelial cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CORMs on RPE cells and anti-angiogenic effects on endothelial cells, suggesting the potential clinical application of CORMs as anti-AMD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao‑kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shao-Ho Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
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4
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Xu X, Yu H, Sun L, Zheng C, Shan Y, Zhou Z, Wang C, Chen B. Adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate dibutyltin dichloride‑induced chronic pancreatitis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1833-1840. [PMID: 32319628 PMCID: PMC7057804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) play a positive role in tissue injury repair and regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine whether ASCs could ameliorate chronic pancreatitis (CP) induced by the injection of dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) and to elucidate its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, this study also explored whether there was a significant difference if the ASCs were injected via the inferior vena cava or the left gastric artery. CP was induced in rats by a single intravenous administration of DBTC, and the accumulation of collagen and apoptotic rates of pancreatic acinar cells were analyzed. According to the results, ASCs markedly reduced DBTC-induced pancreatic damage and collagen deposition in the rat model of CP. Moreover, ASCs significantly decreased pancreatic cell apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of caspase-3, BAX and Bcl-2. These effects were observed regardless of whether the injection was in the inferior vena cava or the left gastric artery. It was also found that the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR in pancreatic tissues of the DBTC-induced CP model group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the two treatment groups were markedly decreased. ASCs noticeably suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pancreatic tissue of DBTC-induced CP. This study indicated that ASCs protect against pancreatic fibrosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and have the potential to be a new strategy for the treatment of CP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linxiao Sun
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chenlei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato‑Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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5
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Thomas D, Radhakrishnan P. Pancreatic Stellate Cells: The Key Orchestrator of The Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1234:57-70. [PMID: 32040855 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging adenocarcinomas due to its hostile molecular behavior and complex tumor microenvironment. It has been recently postulated that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the resident lipid-storing cells of the pancreas, are important components of the tumor microenvironment as they can transdifferentiate into highly proliferative myofibroblasts in the context of tissue injury. Targeting tumor-stromal crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. This chapter brings a broad view on the biological and pathological role of PSCs in the pancreas, activated stellate cells in the onset of tissue fibrosis, and tumor progression with particular emphasis on the bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and PSCs. Further, potential therapeutic regimens targeting activated PSCs in the pre-clinical and clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Thomas
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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6
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Jin G, Hong W, Guo Y, Bai Y, Chen B. Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Activation in Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1505-1515. [PMID: 32047557 PMCID: PMC6995390 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main effector cells in the process of fibrosis, a major pathological feature in pancreatic diseases that including chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. During tumorigenesis, quiescent PSCs change into an active myofibroblast-like phenotype which could create a favorable tumor microenvironment and facilitate cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasiveness and inducing treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Many cellular signals are revealed contributing to the activation of PSCs, such as transforming growth factor-β, platelet derived growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Smads, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways and so on. Therefore, investigating the role of these factors and signaling pathways in PSCs activation will promote the development of PSCs-specific therapeutic strategies that may provide novel options for pancreatic cancer therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the current knowledge about PSCs activation-associated stimulating factors and signaling pathways and hope to provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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7
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Wollborn J, Schlueter B, Steiger C, Hermann C, Wunder C, Schmidt J, Diel P, Meinel L, Buerkle H, Goebel U, Schick MA. Extracorporeal resuscitation with carbon monoxide improves renal function by targeting inflammatory pathways in cardiac arrest in pigs. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1572-F1581. [PMID: 31482730 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00241.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleterious consequences like acute kidney injury frequently occur upon successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal life support is increasingly used to overcome high cardiac arrest mortality. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gasotransmitter, capable of reducing renal injury. In our study, we hypothesized that addition of CO to extracorporeal resuscitation hampers severity of renal injury in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Hypoxic cardiac arrest was induced in pigs. Animals were resuscitated using a conventional [cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)], an extracorporeal (E-CPR), or a CO-assisted extracorporeal (CO-E-CPR) protocol. CO was applied using a membrane-controlled releasing system. Markers of renal injury were measured, and histopathological analyses were carried out. We investigated renal pathways involving inflammation as well as apoptotic cell death. No differences in serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were detected after CO treatment compared with Sham animals (Sham 71 ± 7 and CO-E-CPR 95 ± 6 ng/mL), while NGAL was increased in CPR and E-CPR groups (CPR 135 ± 11 and E-CPR 124 ± 5 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Evidence for histopathological damage was abrogated after CO application. CO increased renal heat shock protein 70 expression and reduced inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (CPR: 60 ± 8; E-CPR 56 ± 8; CO-E-CPR 31 ± 3 µg/mL; P < 0.05). Caspase 3 activity was decreased (CPR 1,469 ± 276; E-CPR 1,670 ± 225; CO-E-CPR 755 ± 83 pg/mL; P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a reduction in renal inflammatory signaling upon CO treatment. Our data demonstrate improved renal function by extracorporeal CO treatment in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. CO reduced proinflammatory and proapoptotic signaling, characterizing beneficial aspects of a novel treatment option to overcome high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Schlueter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Steiger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wunder
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patric Diel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Dasatinib ameliorates chronic pancreatitis induced by caerulein via anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanism. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Loboda A, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Carbon monoxide: pro- or anti-angiogenic agent? Comment on Ahmad et al. (Thromb Haemost 2015; 113: 329–337). Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:432-3. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-01-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction () Promotes Collagen Degradation and Inhibits Pancreatic Fibrosis in Chronic Pancreatitis Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 26:599-603. [PMID: 29181733 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction (MXD, ) on collagen degradation in rats with chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Rats were injected dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC, 7 mg/kg of body weight) into the right caudal vein to induce CP model. Thirty heallhy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups by a random number table: the control, the model and the treatment groups. Rats of treatment group were administered MXD (10 g/kg of body weight) orally once daily starting from the day post-model establishment. Pancreatic tissues were harvested after 28-day feeding and fibrosis was evaluated by picro-sirius red staining. The contents of collagen type I and III were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was analyzed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The fibrosis scoring of pancreatic tissues, the concentrations of collagen type I and III, the expression levels of MMP13 and TIMP1 proteins and mRNA in the model group were all increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). After treatment with MXD, the fibrosis scoring of pancreatic tissues, the concentrations of collagen type I and III, the expression levels of MMP13 proteins and mRNA in the teatment group were all decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the expression levels of TIMP1 proteins and mRNA (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS MXD could promote collagen degradation and reverse pancreatic fibrosis in CP rats via a mechanism involve up-regulation of MMP13 expression.
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11
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Takeda TA, Sasai M, Adachi Y, Ohnishi K, Fujisawa JI, Izawa S, Taketani S. Potential role of heme metabolism in the inducible expression of heme oxygenase-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1813-1824. [PMID: 28347842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degradation of heme significantly contributes to cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in the degradation of heme, forms carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and bilirubin in conjunction with biliverdin reductase, and is induced by various stimuli including oxidative stress and heavy metals. We examined the involvement of heme metabolism in the induction of HO-1 by the inducers sulforaphane and sodium arsenite. METHODS We examined the expression of HO-1 in sulforaphane-, sodium arsenite- and CORM3-treated HEK293T cells, by measuring the transcriptional activity and levels of mRNA and protein. RESULTS The blockade of heme biosynthesis by succinylacetone and N-methyl protoporphyrin, which are inhibitors of heme biosynthesis, markedly decreased the induction of HO-1. The knockdown of the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of heme, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase, also decreased the induction of HO-1. The cessation of HO-1 induction occurred at the transcriptional and translational levels, and was mediated by the activation of the heme-binding transcriptional repressor Bach1 and translational factor HRI. CO appeared to improve the expression of HO-1 at the transcriptional and translational levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the importance of heme metabolism in the stress-inducible expression of HO-1, and also that heme and its degradation products are protective factors for self-defense responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The key role of heme metabolism in the stress-inducible expression of HO-1 may promote further studies on heme and its degradation products as protective factors of cellular stresses and iron homeostasis in specialized cells, organs, and whole animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Machiko Sasai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fujisawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Izawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8510, Japan; Unit of Research Complex, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-8510, Japan.
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12
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Bynigeri RR, Jakkampudi A, Jangala R, Subramanyam C, Sasikala M, Rao GV, Reddy DN, Talukdar R. Pancreatic stellate cell: Pandora's box for pancreatic disease biology. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:382-405. [PMID: 28210075 PMCID: PMC5291844 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i3.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were identified in the early 1980s, but received much attention after 1998 when the methods to isolate and culture them from murine and human sources were developed. PSCs contribute to a small proportion of all pancreatic cells under physiological condition, but are essential for maintaining the normal pancreatic architecture. Quiescent PSCs are characterized by the presence of vitamin A laden lipid droplets. Upon PSC activation, these perinuclear lipid droplets disappear from the cytosol, attain a myofibroblast like phenotype and expresses the activation marker, alpha smooth muscle actin. PSCs maintain their activated phenotype via an autocrine loop involving different cytokines and contribute to progressive fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT, Smad, Wnt signaling, Hedgehog etc.), transcription factors and miRNAs have been implicated in the inflammatory and profibrogenic function of PSCs. The role of PSCs goes much beyond fibrosis/desmoplasia in PDAC. It is now shown that PSCs are involved in significant crosstalk between the pancreatic cancer cells and the cancer stroma. These interactions result in tumour progression, metastasis, tumour hypoxia, immune evasion and drug resistance. This is the rationale for therapeutic preclinical and clinical trials that have targeted PSCs and the cancer stroma.
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13
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Ulbrich F, Kaufmann KB, Meske A, Lagrèze WA, Augustynik M, Buerkle H, Ramao CC, Biermann J, Goebel U. The CORM ALF-186 Mediates Anti-Apoptotic Signaling via an Activation of the p38 MAPK after Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Retinal Ganglion Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165182. [PMID: 27764224 PMCID: PMC5072679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ischemia and reperfusion injury may induce apoptosis and lead to sustained tissue damage and loss of function, especially in neuronal organs. While carbon monoxide is known to exert protective effects after various harmful events, the mechanism of carbon monoxide releasing molecules in neuronal tissue has not been investigated yet. We hypothesize that the carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM) ALF-186, administered after neuronal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), counteracts retinal apoptosis and its involved signaling pathways and consecutively reduces neuronal tissue damage. METHODS IRI was performed in rat´s retinae for 1 hour. The water-soluble CORM ALF-186 (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously via a tail vein after reperfusion. After 24 and 48 hours, retinal tissue was harvested to analyze mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. Densities of fluorogold pre-labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were analyzed 7 days after IRI. Immunohistochemistry was performed on retinal cross sections. RESULTS ALF-186 significantly reduced IRI mediated loss of RGC. ALF-186 treatment differentially affected mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation: ALF-186 activated p38 and suppressed ERK1/2 phosphorylation, while JNK remained unchanged. Furthermore, ALF-186 treatment affected mitochondrial apoptosis, decreasing pro-apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3-cleavage, but increasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Inhibition of p38-MAPK using SB203580 reduced ALF-186 mediated anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION In this study, ALF-186 mediated substantial neuroprotection, affecting intracellular apoptotic signaling, mainly via MAPK p38. CORMs may thus represent a promising therapeutic alternative treating neuronal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai B. Kaufmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Meske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolf A. Lagrèze
- Eye Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Augustynik
- Eye Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos C. Ramao
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Alfama Ltd., Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, IBET, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Julia Biermann
- Eye Center, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yang PM, Huang YT, Zhang YQ, Hsieh CW, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation through a calcium and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt mechanism. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:209-218. [PMID: 27720892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays a major role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study elucidated the potential role of carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORMs) in NO production and explored the underlying mechanisms in endothelial cells. We observed that 25μM CORM-2 could increase NO production and stimulate an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level. Furthermore, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid caused CORM-2-induced NO production, which was abolished by 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxy-methyl ester (BAPTA-AM), indicating that intracellular Ca2+ release plays a major role in eNOS activation. The inhibition of the IP3 receptor diminished the CORM-2-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase and NO production. Furthermore, CORM-2 induced eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation and eNOS dimerization, but it did not alter eNOS expression. CORM-2 (25μM) also prolonged Akt phosphorylation, lasting for at least 12h. Pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin or LY294002) inhibited the increases in NO production and phosphorylation but did not affect eNOS dimerization. CORM-2-induced eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation was intracellularly calcium-dependent, because pretreatment with an intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) inhibited this process. Although CORM-2 increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), pretreatment with antioxidant enzyme catalase and N-acetyl-cysteine did not abolish the CORM-2-induced eNOS activity or phosphorylation, signifying that ROS is not involved in this activity. Hence, CORM-2 enhances eNOS activation through intracellular calcium release, Akt phosphorylation, and eNOS dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
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15
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Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 ameliorates IL-1β-induced IL-8 in human gastric cancer cells. Toxicology 2016; 361-362:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Caterino M, Petruk AA, Vergara A, Ferraro G, Marasco D, Doctorovich F, Estrin DA, Merlino A. Mapping the protein-binding sites for iridium(iii)-based CO-releasing molecules. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12206-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry, Raman microspectroscopy, circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography have been used to investigate the reaction of CO-releasing molecule Cs2IrCl5CO with the model protein RNase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caterino
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Ariel A. Petruk
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET
- University of Buenos Aires
- Ciudad Universitaria
- C1428EHA Buenos Aires
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages
- Napoli
- Italy
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Naples Federico II
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET
- University of Buenos Aires
- Ciudad Universitaria
- C1428EHA Buenos Aires
| | - Dario A. Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET
- University of Buenos Aires
- Ciudad Universitaria
- C1428EHA Buenos Aires
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo
- Napoli
- Italy
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17
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Chang M, Xue J, Sharma V, Habtezion A. Protective role of hemeoxygenase-1 in gastrointestinal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1161-73. [PMID: 25428780 PMCID: PMC4342274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disorders and diseases of the gastrointestinal system encompass a wide array of pathogenic mechanisms as a result of genetic, infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory conditions. Inflammatory diseases in general are rising in incidence and are emerging clinical problems in gastroenterology and hepatology. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme that has been shown to confer protection in various organ-system models. Its downstream effectors, carbon monoxide and biliverdin have also been shown to offer these beneficial effects. Many studies suggest that induction of HO-1 expression in gastrointestinal tissues and cells plays a critical role in cytoprotection and resolving inflammation as well as tissue injury. In this review, we examine the protective role of HO-1 and its downstream effectors in modulating inflammatory diseases of the upper (esophagus and stomach) and lower (small and large intestine) gastrointestinal tract, the liver, and the pancreas. Cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities of HO-1 make it a promising if not ideal therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jing Xue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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18
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Chi PL, Chuang YC, Chen YW, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. The CO donor CORM-2 inhibits LPS-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:2993-3009. [PMID: 24628691 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Infection with Gram-negative bacteria has been recognized as an initiator of rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and infiltration of immune cells. Carbon monoxide (CO) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Here we have investigated the detailed mechanisms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression induced by LPS and if CO inhibited LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion to synovial fibroblasts by suppressing VCAM-1 expression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) were incubated with LPS and/or the CO-releasing compound CORM-2. Effects of LPS on VCAM-1 levels were determined by analysing mRNA expression, promoter activity, protein expression, and immunohistochemical staining. The molecular mechanisms were investigated by determining the expression, activation, and binding activity of transcriptional factors using target signal antagonists. KEY RESULTS CORM-2 significantly inhibited inflammatory responses in LPS-treated RASFs by down-regulating the expression of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and leukocyte infiltration. The down-regulation of LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression involved inhibition of the expression of phosphorylated-NF-κB p65 and AP-1 (p-c-Jun, c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA levels). These results were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to detect NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LPS-mediated formation of the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6/c-Src complex regulated NF-κB and MAPKs/AP-1 activation leading to VCAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion. CORM-2, which liberates CO to elicit direct biological activities, attenuated LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression by interfering with NF-κB and AP-1 activation, and significantly reduced LPS-induced immune cell infiltration of the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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19
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John K, Hadem J, Krech T, Wahl K, Manns MP, Dooley S, Batkai S, Thum T, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. MicroRNAs play a role in spontaneous recovery from acute liver failure. Hepatology 2014; 60:1346-55. [PMID: 24913549 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute liver failure (ALF) represents a life-threatening situation characterized by sudden and massive liver cell death in the absence of preexisting liver disease. Although most patients require liver transplantation to prevent mortality, some recover spontaneously and show complete liver regeneration. Because of the rarity of this disease, the molecular mechanisms regulating liver regeneration in ALF patients remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNAs (miRs) that have been implicated in liver injury and regeneration in sera from ALF patients (n = 63). Patients with spontaneous recovery from ALF showed significantly higher serum levels of miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221, compared to nonrecovered patients. In liver biopsies, miR-21 and miR-221 displayed a reciprocal expression pattern and were found at lower levels in the spontaneous survivors, whereas miR-122 was elevated in both serum and liver tissue of those patients. As compared to nonrecovered patients, liver tissue of spontaneous survivors revealed not only increased hepatocyte proliferation, but also a strong down-regulation of miRNA target genes that impair liver regeneration, including heme oxygenase-1, programmed cell death 4, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21, p27, and p57. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221 are involved in liver regeneration and might contribute to spontaneous recovery from ALF. Prospective studies will show whether serological detection of those miRNAs might be of prognostic value to predict ALF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina John
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Petruk AA, Vergara A, Marasco D, Bikiel D, Doctorovich F, Estrin DA, Merlino A. Interaction between Proteins and Ir Based CO Releasing Molecules: Mechanism of Adduct Formation and CO Release. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10456-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A. Petruk
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad
Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via Mezzocannone 16 I-80100, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via Mezzocannone 16 I-80100, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario
di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi- University of Naples Federico II, DFM-Scarl, Via Mezzocannone, 16 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Damian Bikiel
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad
Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad
Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario A. Estrin
- Departamento de
Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad
Universitaria, Pab. 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via Mezzocannone 16 I-80100, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Chi PL, Lin CC, Chen YW, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. CO Induces Nrf2-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Transcription by Cooperating with Sp1 and c-Jun in Rat Brain Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:277-92. [PMID: 25148934 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) by carbon monoxide (CO) delivered by CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) may be utilized as a therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases. This study was to delineate the two putative anti-oxidant response elements (AREs) in modulating HO-1 gene by participating with its promoter elements in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through superoxide, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K/Akt), revealed by the pharmacological inhibitors or knockdown of these signaling molecules. CORM-2-enhanced HO-1 promoter activity was inhibited by co-transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of c-Jun, specificity protein 1 (Sp1), or nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Immunoprecipitation assay showed that CORM-2 increased the association of nuclear Nrf2 with Sp1 and c-Jun. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed that Nrf2, Sp1, and c-Jun are associated with the proximal ARE binding site on HO-1 promoter, suggesting that Nrf2/Sp1/c-Jun cooperations are key transcription factors modulating HO-1 expression. Mechanistically, CORM-2-induced ARE promoter activity was reduced by the inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), p38 MAPK, Pyk2, MAPK/ERK kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2), PDGFR, and PI3K/Akt or the siRNAs of c-Jun, SP1, and Nrf2. These findings suggested that CORM-2 increases formation of c-Jun, Sp1, and Nrf2 complex and binding with ARE1 binding site, which is mediated through both ROS/p38 MAPK and Pyk2-dependent PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/Erk1/2 pathways, resulting in HO-1 expression in RBA-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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22
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Yang YC, Huang YT, Hsieh CW, Yang PM, Wung BS. Carbon monoxide induces heme oxygenase-1 to modulate STAT3 activation in endothelial cells via S-glutathionylation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100677. [PMID: 25072782 PMCID: PMC4114553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6/STAT3 pathway is involved in a variety of biological responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. In our present study, we found that CO releasing molecules (CORMs) suppress IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transactivity in endothelial cells (ECs). CO is a byproduct of heme degradation mediated by heme oxygenase (HO-1). However, CORMs can induce HO-1 expression and then inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation. CO has been found to increase a low level ROS and which may induce protein glutathionylation. We hypothesized that CORMs increases protein glutathionylation and inhibits STAT3 activation. We found that CORMs increase the intracellular GSSG level and induce the glutathionylation of multiple proteins including STAT3. GSSG can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and increase STAT3 glutathionylation whereas the antioxidant enzyme catalase can suppress the glutathionylation. Furthermore, catalase blocks the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by CORMs treatment. The inhibition of glutathione synthesis by BSO was also found to attenuate STAT3 glutathionylation and its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. We further found that HO-1 increases STAT3 glutathionylation and that HO-1 siRNA attenuates CORM-induced STAT3 glutathionylation. Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 activation is likely to occur via a CO-mediated increase in the GSSG level, which augments protein glutathionylation, and CO-induced HO-1 expression, which may enhance and maintain its effects in IL-6-treated ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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23
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Yeh PY, Li CY, Hsieh CW, Yang YC, Yang PM, Wung BS. CO-releasing molecules and increased heme oxygenase-1 induce protein S-glutathionylation to modulate NF-κB activity in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:1-13. [PMID: 24512908 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glutathionylation is a protective mechanism that functions in response to mild oxidative stress. Carbon monoxide (CO) can increase the reactive oxygen species concentration from a low level via the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. We therefore hypothesized that CO would induce NF-κB-p65 glutathionylation and then show anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we found that CO-releasing molecules suppress TNFα-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, CO donors were further found to exert their inhibitory effects by blocking NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation, but do so independent of IκBα degradation, in TNFα-treated ECs. In addition, p65 protein glutathionylation represents the response signal to CO donors and is reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Thiol modification of the cysteine residue in the p65 RHD region was required for the CO-modulated NF-κB activation. The suppression of p65 glutathionylation by a GSH synthesis inhibitor, BSO, and by catalase could also attenuate TNFα-induced p65 nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression. CO donors induce Nrf2 activation and Nrf2 siRNA suppresses CO-induced p65 glutathionylation and inhibition. Furthermore, we found that the CO donors induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which increases p65 glutathionylation. In contrast, HO-1 siRNA attenuates CO donor- and hemin-induced p65 glutathionylation. Our results thus indicate that the glutathionylation of p65 is likely to be responsible for CO-mediated NF-κB inactivation and that the HO-1-dependent pathway may prolong the inhibitory effects of CO donors upon TNFα treatment of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Saint Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yu Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Being-Sun Wung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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24
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Ohtsuka T, Kaseda K, Shigenobu T, Hato T, Kamiyama I, Goto T, Kohno M, Shimoda M. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule attenuates allograft airway rejection. Transpl Int 2014; 27:741-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohtsuka
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaoru Kaseda
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takao Shigenobu
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tai Hato
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Ikuo Kamiyama
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsutomo Kohno
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery; Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
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Deng J, Lei C, Chen Y, Fang Z, Yang Q, Zhang H, Cai M, Shi L, Dong H, Xiong L. Neuroprotective gases – Fantasy or reality for clinical use? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:210-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gonzales MA, Mascharak PK. Photoactive metal carbonyl complexes as potential agents for targeted CO delivery. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 133:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Furfaro AL, Piras S, Passalacqua M, Domenicotti C, Parodi A, Fenoglio D, Pronzato MA, Marinari UM, Moretta L, Traverso N, Nitti M. HO-1 up-regulation: A key point in high-risk neuroblastoma resistance to bortezomib. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Occupational exposure to methylene chloride and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:2037-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu JM, Pan F, Li L, Liu QR, Chen Y, Xiong XX, Cheng K, Yu SB, Shi Z, Yu ACH, Chen XQ. Piperlongumine selectively kills glioblastoma multiforme cells via reactive oxygen species accumulation dependent JNK and p38 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:87-93. [PMID: 23796709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid isolated from the long pepper, may have anti-cancer properties. It selectively targets and kills cancer cells but leaves normal cells intact. Here, we reported that PL selectively killed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells via accumulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate JNK and p38. PL at 20μM could induce severe cell death in three GBM cell lines (LN229, U87 and 8MG) but not astrocytes in cultures. PL elevated ROS prominently and reduced glutathione levels in LN229 and U87 cells. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) completely reversed PL-induced ROS accumulation and prevented cell death in LN229 and U87 cells. In LN229 and U87 cells, PL-treatment activated JNK and p38 but not Erk and Akt, in a dosage-dependent manner. These activations could be blocked by NAC pre-treatment. JNK and p38 specific inhibitors, SB203580 and SP600125 respectively, significantly blocked the cytotoxic effects of PL in LN229 and U87 cells. Our data first suggests that PL may have therapeutic potential for one of the most malignant and refractory tumors GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Hu JL, Xiao L, Li ZY, Wang Q, Chang Y, Jin Y. Upregulation of HO-1 is accompanied by activation of p38MAPK and mTOR in human oesophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:584-92. [PMID: 23412940 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Hu
- Cancer Centre, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefangdadao Jianghan District, Wuhan; Hubei; 430022; PR China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical College; 218 Jixi Road, Hefei; AnHui; 230022; PR China
| | - Zhen-Yun Li
- Cancer Centre, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefangdadao Jianghan District, Wuhan; Hubei; 430022; PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Cancer Centre, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefangdadao Jianghan District, Wuhan; Hubei; 430022; PR China
| | - Yu Chang
- Cancer Centre, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefangdadao Jianghan District, Wuhan; Hubei; 430022; PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- Laboratory Department; Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefangdadao Jianghan District, Wuhan; Hubei; 430022; PR China
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Schwer CI, Stoll P, Rospert S, Fitzke E, Schallner N, Bürkle H, Schmidt R, Humar M. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 CORM-2 represses global protein synthesis by inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:201-12. [PMID: 23041477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts antiproliferative effects in many cell types, but effects of CO on the translational machinery are not described. We examined the effects of the carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on critical steps in translational signaling and global protein synthesis in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the most prominent collagen-producing cells in the pancreas, whose activation is associated with pancreatic fibrosis. PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue and incubated with CORM-2. CORM-2 prevented the decrease in the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) caused by serum. By contrast, the activation dependent phosphorylation of initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) was inhibited by CORM-2 treatment. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) were not affected by CORM-2 treatment. In consequence, CORM-2 mediated eEF2 phosphorylation and inactivation of 4E-BP1 suppressed global protein synthesis. These observations were associated with inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) signaling and increased intracellular calcium and cAMP levels. The CORM-2 mediated inhibition of protein synthesis resulted in downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, a subsequent decline in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and cell growth arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase checkpoint of the cell cycle. Our results suggest the therapeutic application of CO releasing molecules such as CORM-2 for the treatment of fibrosis, inflammation, cancer, or other pathologic states associated with excessive protein synthesis or hyperproliferation. However, prolonged exogenous application of CO might also have negative effects on cellular protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ingo Schwer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Jang HJ, Kim YM, Tsoyi K, Park EJ, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Joe Y, Chung HT, Chang KC. Ethyl pyruvate induces heme oxygenase-1 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by depletion of glutathione in RAW 264.7 cells and improves survival in septic animals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:878-89. [PMID: 22369644 PMCID: PMC3392619 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the molecular mechanism by which ethyl pyruvate (EP) induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW 264.7 cells and its effect on survival rate in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced wild-type (WT) and HO-1 knockout (HO-1(-/-)) septic mice. RESULTS EP induced HO-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was mediated through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling cascade in RAW 264.7 cells. EP significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of EP on LPS-stimulated iNOS expression and HMGB1 release was reversed by transfection with siHO-1RNA in RAW 264.7 cells, but EP failed to reduce them in HO-1(-/-) peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. Moreover, treatment of cells with glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-Et), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), siHO-1, or p38-siRNA transfection inhibited anti-inflammatory effect of EP. Interestingly, both HO-1 induction and phosphorylation of p38 by EP were reversed by GSH-Et, and antioxidant redox element-luciferase activity by EP was reversed by SB203580 in LPS-activated cells. EP increased survival and decreased serum HMGB1 in CLP-WT mice, whereas it did not increase survival or decrease circulating HMGB1 in HO-1(-/-) CLP-mice. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our work provides new insights into the understanding the molecular mechanism by showing that EP induces HO-1 through a p38 MAPK- and NRF2-dependent pathway by decreasing GSH cellular levels. We conclude that EP inhibits proinflammatory response to LPS in macrophages and increases survival in CLP-induced septic mice by upregulation of HO-1 level, in which p38 MAPK and Nrf2 play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Liu H, Ma Q, Xu Q, Lei J, Li X, Wang Z, Wu E. Therapeutic potential of perineural invasion, hypoxia and desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:2395-403. [PMID: 22372500 DOI: 10.2174/13816128112092395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal human malignancies. Though a relatively rare malignancy, it remains one of the deadliest tumors, with an extremely high mortality rate. The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer remains poor; only patients with small tumors and complete resection have a chance of a complete cure. Pancreatic cancer responds poorly to conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and irradiation. Tumor-specific targeted therapy is a relatively recent addition to the arsenal of anti-cancer therapies. It is important to find novel targets to distinguish tumor cells from their normal counterparts in therapeutic approaches. In the past few decades, studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic tumorigenesis, growth, invasion and metastasis. The proteins that participate in the pathophysiological processes of pancreatic cancer might be potential targets for therapy. This review describes the main players in perineural invasion, hypoxia and desmoplasia and the molecular mechanisms of these pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Weis S, Jesinghaus M, Kovacs P, Schleinitz D, Schober R, Ruffert C, Herms M, Wittenburg H, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Grützmann R, Schulz HU, Keim V, Mössner J, Bugert P, Witt H, Drenth JPH, Krohn K, Rosendahl J. Genetic analyses of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in different forms of pancreatitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37981. [PMID: 22666428 PMCID: PMC3364204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is the rate limiting enzyme in heme degradation and a key regulator of inflammatory processes. In animal models the course of pancreatitis was ameliorated by up-regulation of HMOX1 expression. Additionally, carbon monoxide released during heme breakdown inhibited proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells and might thereby prevent the development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Transcription of HMOX1 in humans is influenced by a GT-repeat located in the promoter. As such, HMOX1 variants might be of importance in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. METHODS The GT-repeat and SNP rs2071746 were investigated with fluorescence labelled primers and by melting curve analysis in 285 patients with acute pancreatitis, 208 patients with alcoholic CP, 207 patients with idiopathic/hereditary CP, 147 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and in 289 controls, respectively. GT-repeat analysis was extended to a total of 446 alcoholic CP patients. In addition, we performed DNA sequencing in 145 patients with alcoholic CP, 138 patients with idiopathic/hereditary CP, 147 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and 151 controls. Exon 3 screening was extended to additional patients and controls. RESULTS S- and L-alleles of the GT-repeat, genotypes and alleles of SNP rs2071746 and non-synonymous variants detected by sequencing were found with similar frequencies in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Although functional data implicate a potential influence of HMOX1 variants on the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, we did not find any association. As rare non-synonymous HMOX1 variants were found in patients and controls, it is rather unlikely that they will have functional consequences essential for pancreatitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorit Schleinitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Schober
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Herms
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Wittenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schulz
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volker Keim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heiko Witt
- Department of Pediatrics, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ) & Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL); Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Knut Krohn
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Leipzig, Core-Unit DNA Technologies, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lundvig DMS, Immenschuh S, Wagener FADTG. Heme oxygenase, inflammation, and fibrosis: the good, the bad, and the ugly? Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22586396 PMCID: PMC3345581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon injury, prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress may cause pathological wound healing and fibrosis, leading to formation of excessive scar tissue. Fibrogenesis can occur in most organs and tissues and may ultimately lead to organ dysfunction and failure. The underlying mechanisms of pathological wound healing still remain unclear, and are considered to be multifactorial, but so far, no efficient anti-fibrotic therapies exist. Extra- and intracellular levels of free heme may be increased in a variety of pathological conditions due to release from hemoproteins. Free heme possesses pro-inflammatory and oxidative properties, and may act as a danger signal. Effects of free heme may be counteracted by heme-binding proteins or by heme degradation. Heme is degraded by heme oxygenase (HO) that exists as two isoforms: inducible HO-1 and constitutively expressed HO-2. HO generates the effector molecules biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and free iron/ferritin. HO deficiency in mouse and man leads to exaggerated inflammation following mild insults, and accumulating epidemiological and preclinical studies support the widely recognized notion of the cytoprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of the activity of the HO system and its effector molecules. In this review, we address the potential effects of targeted HO-1 induction or administration of HO-effector molecules as therapeutic targets in fibrotic conditions to counteract inflammatory and oxidative insults. This is exemplified by various clinically relevant conditions, such as hypertrophic scarring, chronic inflammatory liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, and chronic graft rejection in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role during pancreatic fibrosis development. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently discovered gaseous transmitter, whose role in PSCs has not been explored yet. In the present study, we examined the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, on rat PSCs and elucidated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Primary PSCs were isolated from rat pancreatic tissue. Lactate dehydrogenase and caspase assays were performed to detect cell death. Pancreatic stellate cell proliferation was determined by cell count analyses, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and flow cytometry. The role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was assessed by pharmacological HO inhibition and transfection of HO-1 small interfering RNA. Pancreatic stellate cell migration was determined by a wound healing assay, and PSC contraction was assessed by a gel contraction assay. α-Smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and fibronectin messenger RNAs were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS NaHS inhibited PSC proliferation at nontoxic concentrations. This was associated with HO-1-mediated repression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling. NaHS suppressed PSC migration and activation as well as extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that NaHS inhibits key cell functions of PSCs. Administration of H(2)S-releasing compounds might represent a novel strategy in the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Lakkisto P, Siren JM, Kytö V, Forsten H, Laine M, Pulkki K, Tikkanen I. Heme oxygenase-1 induction protects the heart and modulates cellular and extracellular remodelling after myocardial infarction in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1437-48. [PMID: 22087023 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme, which regulates cell proliferation and has potential antifibrogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pre-emptive HO-1 induction by cobalt protoporphyrin IX on the healing of myocardial infarction in rats. The proliferation and repair of cardiac cells was assessed by immunostaining of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling. Compared with control hearts, HO-1 induction reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation and repair of cardiomyocytes in the infarct border area during the first few days after infarction. Concomitantly, HO-1 decreased accumulation and proliferation of fibroblasts, and down-regulated procollagen type I expression in the infarct area. Furthermore, HO-1 increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect of HO-1 in the early phase of infarct healing may result partly from the suppression of the inflammatory response. In the remote myocardium, HO-1 inhibited both proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, attenuated heart failure-induced increase in the repair of cardiomyocytes and decreased perivascular fibrosis, thereby potentially alleviating adverse ventricular remodelling. The cardioprotective effects of HO-1 in the late phase of infarct healing may be mediated partly by down-regulation of the profibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as HO-1 decreased CTGF expression at week 4. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role for HO-1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the postinfarction heart. Modulation of the HO-1 pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach to enhance the recovery of myocardial infarction and protect against pathological myocardial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lakkisto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Schallner N, Schwemmers S, Schwer CI, Froehlich C, Stoll P, Humar M, Pahl HL, Hoetzel A, Loop T, Goebel U. p38β-regulated induction of the heat shock response by carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection in lung cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:58-66. [PMID: 21925493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The carbon monoxide releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (CORM-2) displays protective actions like carbon monoxide. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains controversial. We hypothesized that CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection via induction of heat shock proteins through activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase. Embryonic bovine lung cells were incubated with CORM-2. Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine and analyzed by flow cytometry following annexin-V staining, caspase-3 activity assay, and by Western Blot for caspase-3 cleavage. Heat shock response was assessed by DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 1 and by reporter gene activity. Cells were transfected with siRNA targeting p38 isoforms. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc Holm-Sidak test. CORM-2 inhibited staurosporine-induced apoptosis (% annexin-V positive cells: staurosporine = 60 ± 4% vs. CORM-2 10 μM = 48 ± 4%, CORM-2 25 μM=42 ± 5%, CORM-2 50 μM = 40 ± 4% and CORM-2 100 μM = 38 ± 2%, mean ± S.D., P<0.001; caspase-3 activity: staurosporine=92 ± 15 RFUs vs. CORM-2 50 μM=60 ± 14 RFUs, mean ± S.D. P<0.001). CORM-2 induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not of JNK and ERK1/2. CORM-2 induced DNA-binding of heat shock factor 1 and elicited a 4-fold induction of gene activity (P<0.05). Incubation with the Hsp inhibitors KNK437 attenuated and 17-AAG abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.001). p38 inhibition and silencing of p38β attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.05), most likely by abolishing CORM-2-induced HSF-1 binding activity. These findings suggest that CORM-2-mediated cytoprotection is caused by induction of the heat shock response and by p38 activation. Furthermore, the p38β isoform activation may represent an upstream mechanism of heat shock response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:137-67. [PMID: 20624029 PMCID: PMC2988629 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Susceptibility to the cytogenetic effects of dichloromethane is related to the glutathione S-transferase theta phenotype. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010. [PMID: 20624029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.31532988629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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DMF inhibits PDGF-BB induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through induction of heme-oxygenase-1. Respir Res 2010; 11:145. [PMID: 20961405 PMCID: PMC2972257 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway wall remodelling is an important pathology of asthma. Growth factor induced airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) proliferation is thought to be the major cause of airway wall thickening in asthma. Earlier we reported that Dimethylfumarate (DMF) inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induced mitogen and stress activated kinase (MSK)-1 and CREB activity as well as IL-6 secretion by ASMC. In addition, DMF altered intracellular glutathione levels and thereby reduced proliferation of other cell types. Methods We investigated the effect of DMF on PDGF-BB induced ASMC proliferation, on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation; and on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. ASMC were pre-incubated for 1 hour with DMF and/or glutathione ethylester (GSH-OEt), SB203580, hemin, cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP), or siRNA specific to HO-1 before stimulation with PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml). Results PDGF-BB induced ASMC proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependant manner by DMF. PDGF-BB induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, but not of JNK. DMF enhanced the PDGF-BB induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and there by up-regulated the expression of HO-1. HO-1 induction inhibited the proliferative effect of PDGF-BB. HO-1 expression was reversed by GSH-OEt, or p38 MAPK inhibition, or HO-1 siRNA, which all reversed the anti-proliferative effect of DMF. Conclusion Our data indicate that DMF inhibits ASMC proliferation by reducing the intracellular GSH level with subsequent activation of p38 MAPK and induction of HO-1. Thus, DMF might reduce ASMC and airway remodelling processes in asthma.
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Terazawa R, Garud DR, Hamada N, Fujita Y, Itoh T, Nozawa Y, Nakane K, Deguchi T, Koketsu M, Ito M. Identification of organoselenium compounds that possess chemopreventive properties in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7001-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Choi YK, Kim CK, Lee H, Jeoung D, Ha KS, Kwon YG, Kim KW, Kim YM. Carbon monoxide promotes VEGF expression by increasing HIF-1alpha protein level via two distinct mechanisms, translational activation and stabilization of HIF-1alpha protein. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32116-25. [PMID: 20724477 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.131284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) plays a significant role in vascular functions. We here examined the molecular mechanism by which CO regulates HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1)-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an important angiogenic factor. We found that astrocytes stimulated with CORM-2 (CO-releasing molecule) promoted angiogenesis by increasing VEGF expression and secretion. CORM-2 also induced HO-1 (hemeoxygenase-1) expression and increased nuclear HIF-1α protein level, without altering its promoter activity and mRNA level. VEGF expression was inhibited by treatment with HIF-1α siRNA and a hemeoxygenase inhibitor, indicating that CO stimulates VEGF expression via up-regulation of HIF-1α protein level, which is partially associated with HO-1 induction. CORM-2 activated the translational regulatory proteins p70(S6k) and eIF-4E as well as phosphorylating their upstream signal mediators Akt and ERK. These translational signal events and HIF-1α protein level were suppressed by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), MEK, and mTOR, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways are involved in a translational increase in HIF-1α. In addition, CORM-2 also increased stability of the HIF-1α protein by suppressing its ubiquitination, without altering the proline hydroxylase-dependent HIF-1α degradation pathway. CORM-2 increased HIF-1α/HSP90α interaction, which is responsible for HIF-1α stabilization, and HSP90-specific inhibitors decreased this interaction, HIF-1α protein level, and VEGF expression. Furthermore, HSP90α knockdown suppressed CORM-2-induced increases in HIF-1α and VEGF protein levels. These results suggest that CO stimulates VEGF production by increasing HIF-1α protein level via two distinct mechanisms, translational stimulation and protein stabilization of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide promote neovascularization after myocardial infarction by modulating the expression of HIF-1α, SDF-1α and VEGF-B. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 635:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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