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Zhang L, Ma XG. A Comprehensive Review on Biotransformation, Interaction, and Health of Gut Microbiota and Bioactive Components. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1551-1565. [PMID: 37916626 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073257733231011072004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between gut microbiota and bioactive components has become the research focus in the world. We attempted to clarify the relationship between biotransformation and metabolites of gut microbiota and bioactive components, and explore the metabolic pathway and mechanism of bioactive ingredients in vivo, which will provide an important theoretical basis for the clinical research of bioactive ingredients and rationality of drugs, and also provide an important reference for the development of new drugs with high bioavailability. METHODS The related references of this review on microbiota and bioactive components were collected from both online and offline databases, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Elsevier, Willy, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, SciHub, Scopus, and CNKI. RESULTS This review summarized the biotransformation of bioactive components under the action of gut microbiota, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, steroids, and other compounds. The interaction of bioactive components and gut microbiota is a key link for drug efficacy. Relevant research is crucial to clarify bioactive components and their mechanisms, which involve the complex interaction among bioactive components, gut microbiota, and intestinal epithelial cells. This review also summarized the individualized, precise, and targeted intervention of gut microbiota in the field of intestinal microorganisms from the aspects of dietary fiber, microecological agents, fecal microbiota transplantation, and postbiotics. It will provide an important reference for intestinal microecology in the field of nutrition and health for people. CONCLUSION To sum up, the importance of human gut microbiota in the research of bioactive components metabolism and transformation has attracted the attention of scholars all over the world. It is believed that with the deepening of research, human gut microbiota will be more widely used in the pharmacodynamic basis, drug toxicity relationship, new drug discovery, drug absorption mechanism, and drug transport mechanism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Medical Nursing, Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College, 459000 Jiyuan, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gen Ma
- Department of Medical Nursing, Jiyuan Vocational and Technical College, 459000 Jiyuan, Henan, P.R. China
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Katsura T. Variation in Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1617-1634. [PMID: 34719640 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CYP3A subfamily, which includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in humans, plays important roles in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances. Gene and protein expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 show large inter-individual differences, which are caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. Inter-individual differences can cause negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events and disease development. Therefore, it is important to understand the variations in CYP3A expression caused by endo- and exogenous factors, as well as the variation in the metabolism and kinetics of endo- and exogenous substrates. In this review, we summarize the factors regulating CYP3A expression, such as bile acids, hormones, microRNA, inflammatory cytokines, drugs, environmental chemicals, and dietary factors. In addition, variations in CYP3A expression under pathological conditions, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and liver diseases, are described as examples of the physiological effects of endogenous factors. We also summarize endogenous and exogenous substrates metabolized by CYP3A isoforms, such as cholesterol, bile acids, hormones, arachidonic acid, vitamin D, and drugs. The relationship between the changes in the kinetics of these substrates and the toxicological effects in our bodies are discussed. The usefulness of these substrates and metabolites as endogenous biomarkers for CYP3A activity is also discussed. Notably, we focused on discrimination between CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 to understand inter-individual differences in CYP3A expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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Jourová L, Lišková B, Lněničková K, Zemanová N, Anzenbacher P, Hermanová P, Hudcovic T, Kozáková H, Anzenbacherová E. Presence or absence of microbiome modulates the response of mice organism to administered drug nabumetone. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S583-S594. [PMID: 33646003 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota provides a wide range of beneficial functions for the host, and has an immense effect on the host's health status. The presence of microbiome in the gut may often influence the effect of an orally administered drug. Molecular mechanisms of this process are however mostly unclear. We investigated how the effect of a nonsteroidal drug nabumetone on expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in mice intestine and liver is changed by the presence of microbiota, here, using the germ free (GF) and specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c mice. First, we have found in a preliminary experiment that in the GF mice there is a tendency to increase bioavailability of the active form of nabumetone, which we have found now to be possibly influenced by differences in expression of DMEs in the GF and SPF mice. Indeed, we have observed that the expression of the most of selected cytochromes P450 (CYPs) was significantly changed in the small intestine of GF mice compared to the SPF ones. Moreover, orally administered nabumetone itself altered the expression of some CYPs and above all, in different ways in the GF and SPF mice. In the GF mice, the expression of the DMEs (CYP1A) responsible for the formation of active form of the drug are significantly increased in the small intestine and liver after nabumetone application. These results highlight the importance of gut microbiome in processes involved in drug metabolism in the both gastrointestinal tract and in the liver with possible clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jourová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Bhattamisra SK, Yap KH, Rao V, Choudhury H. Multiple Biological Effects of an Iridoid Glucoside, Catalpol and Its Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E32. [PMID: 31878316 PMCID: PMC7023090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside, is widely distributed in many plant families and is primarily obtained from the root of Rehmanniaglutinosa Libosch. Rehmanniaglutinosa is a plant very commonly used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine for various disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neuronal disorders, and inflammation. Catalpol has been studied extensively for its biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to appraise the biological effects of catalpol and their underlying mechanisms. An extensive literature search was conducted using the keyword "Catalpol" in the public domains of Google scholar, PubMed, and Scifinder. Catalpol exhibits anti-diabetic, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects in experimental studies. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are mostly related for its biological effect. However, some specific mechanisms are also elucidated. Elevated serotonin and BDNF level by catalpol significantly protect against depression and neurodegeneration. Catalpol demonstrated an increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway for insulin sensitizing effect. Further, its cardiovascular protective effect was linked to PI3K/Akt, apelin/APJ and Jak-Stat pathway. Catalpol produced a significant reduction in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in different cancer conditions. Overall, catalpol demonstrated multiple biological effects due to its numerous mechanisms including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Heng Yap
- School of Post graduate studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (V.R.)
| | - Vikram Rao
- School of Post graduate studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (K.H.Y.); (V.R.)
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Neal-Kluever A, Fisher J, Grylack L, Kakiuchi-Kiyota S, Halpern W. Physiology of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal System Relevant to the Disposition of Orally Administered Medications. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:296-313. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Drozdzik M, Busch D, Lapczuk J, Müller J, Ostrowski M, Kurzawski M, Oswald S. Protein Abundance of Clinically Relevant Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Human Liver and Intestine: A Comparative Analysis in Paired Tissue Specimens. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 104:515-524. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - Diana Busch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Joanna Lapczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - Janett Müller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Marek Ostrowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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Xie F, Ding X, Zhang QY. An update on the role of intestinal cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug disposition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:374-383. [PMID: 27709006 PMCID: PMC5045550 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug treatment. Intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism can eliminate a large proportion of some orally administered drugs before they reach systemic circulation, while leaving the passage of other drugs unimpeded. A better understanding of the ability of intestinal P450 enzymes to metabolize various clinical drugs in both humans and preclinical animal species, including the identification of the CYP enzymes expressed, their regulation, and the relative importance of intestinal metabolism compared to hepatic metabolism, is important for improving bioavailability of current drugs and new drugs in development. Here, we briefly review the expression of drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes in the small intestine of humans and several preclinical animal species, and provide an update of the various factors or events that regulate intestinal P450 expression, including a cross talk between the liver and the intestine. We further compare various clinical and preclinical approaches for assessing the impact of intestinal drug metabolism on bioavailability, and discuss the utility of the intestinal epithelium–specific NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-null (IECN) mouse as a useful model for studying in vivo roles of intestinal P450 in the disposition of orally administered drugs.
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Zhao M, Tao J, Qian D, Liu P, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Su SL, Duan JA, Du L. Simultaneous determination of loganin, morroniside, catalpol and acteoside in normal and chronic kidney disease rat plasma by UPLC-MS for investigating the pharmacokinetics of Rehmannia glutinosa and Cornus officinalis Sieb drug pair extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1009-1010:122-9. [PMID: 26720701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid method for determination of loganin, morroniside, catalpol and acteoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Cornus officinalis Sieb drug pair based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min, using gradient mode containing 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase A and B. Loganin, morroniside, catalpol, acteoside and the internal standard (chloramphenicol) were detected by selected reaction monitoring in the negative ion mode with the mass transition of m/z 451.0→179.0 (morroniside), m/z 435.0→227.0 (loganin), m/z 407.1→199.1 (catalpol), m/z 623.2→161.0 (acteoside) and m/z 320.8→151.9 (chloramphenicol), respectively. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r>0.991). The precision was evaluated by intra-day and inter-day assays and the RSD% were all within 9.58%. The recovery ranged from 67.62 to 80.14%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the analytes in normal and doxorubicin-induced chronic kidney disease rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Wang JS, Lee CL, Lee WJ, Lee IT, Lin SY, Lee WL, Liang KW, Sheu WHH. Factors associated with fibroblast growth factor 19 increment after oral glucose loading in patients who were previously admitted for coronary angiography. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kato K, Ohbuchi M, Hamamura S, Ohshita H, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Sato K, Nakada N, Kawamura A, Usui T, Kamimura H, Tateno C. Development of Murine Cyp3a Knockout Chimeric Mice with Humanized Liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Rysz J, Gluba-Brzózka A, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Fibroblast growth factor 19-targeted therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:603-10. [PMID: 25604607 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) belong to the FGF superfamily with diverse biological functions, including proliferation, cellular differentiation, wound repair, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. The ability to reduce liver fat content and concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma glucose, and to improve sensitivity and limit pro-lipogenic properties of insulin, makes FGF19 a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. FGF19 regulates bile acid biosynthesis in the bile duct, glucose metabolism and vitamin D and phosphate homeostasis, raises the metabolic rate, reduces body weight, and ameliorates diabetes in mice. The therapeutic potential of FGF19 to treat metabolic disorders has been widely studied in animal models, but currently there are no reports concerning its use in humans. AREAS COVERED The following article highlights the metabolic effects and mechanism of action of FGF19. It also discusses the potential therapies that target FGF19. EXPERT OPINION FGF19 is emerging as a new target for the therapy of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. The results obtained from animal models are promising. However, there is still much to be done before the translation of these effects into practice will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- WAM University Hospital of Lodz, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine , Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz , Poland +48 42 639 37 50 ; +48 42 639 37 50 ;
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