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Nies AT, König J, Leuthold P, Damme K, Winter S, Haag M, Masuda S, Kruck S, Daniel H, Spanier B, Fromm MF, Bedke J, Inui KI, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Novel drug transporter substrates identification: An innovative approach based on metabolomic profiling, in silico ligand screening and biological validation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106941. [PMID: 37775020 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) transport proteins are fundamental for the translocation of endogenous compounds and drugs across membranes, thus playing a critical role in disease susceptibility and drug response. Because only a limited number of transporter substrates are currently known, the function of a large number of SLC transporters is elusive. Here, we describe the proof-of-concept of a novel strategy to identify SLC transporter substrates exemplarily for the proton-coupled peptide transporter (PEPT) 2 (SLC15A2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1 transporter (SLC47A1), which are important renal transporters of drug reabsorption and excretion, respectively. By combining metabolomic profiling of mice with genetically-disrupted transporters, in silico ligand screening and in vitro transport studies for experimental validation, we identified nucleobases and nucleoside-derived anticancer and antiviral agents (flucytosine, cytarabine, gemcitabine, capecitabine) as novel drug substrates of the MATE1 transporter. Our data confirms the successful applicability of this new approach for the identification of transporter substrates in general, which may prove particularly relevant in drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Leuthold
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katja Damme
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Stephan Kruck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Britta Spanier
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Germany; Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Germany
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Tsang YP, López Quiñones AJ, Vieira LS, Wang J. Interaction of ALK Inhibitors with Polyspecific Organic Cation Transporters and the Impact of Substrate-Dependent Inhibition on the Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2312. [PMID: 37765282 PMCID: PMC10534724 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules targeting aberrant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are active against ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancers and neuroblastoma. Several targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been shown to interact with polyspecific organic cation transporters (pOCTs), raising concerns about potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The purpose of this study was to assess the interaction of ALK inhibitors with pOCTs and the impact of substrate-dependent inhibition on the prediction of DDIs. Inhibition assays were conducted in transporter-overexpressing cells using meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), metformin, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as the substrate. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of brigatinib and crizotinib for the substrates tested were used to predict their potential for in vivo transporter mediated DDIs. Here, we show that the inhibition potencies of brigatinib and crizotinib on pOCTs are isoform- and substrate-dependent. Human OCT3 (hOCT3) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (hMATE1) were highly sensitive to inhibition by brigatinib and crizotinib for all three tested substrates. Apart from hMATE1, substrate-dependent inhibition was observed for all other transporters with varying degrees of dependency; hOCT1 inhibition showed the greatest substrate dependency, with differences in IC50 values of up to 22-fold across the tested substrates, followed by hOCT2 and hMATE2-K, with differences in IC50 values of up to 16- and 12-fold, respectively. Conversely, hOCT3 inhibition only showed a moderate substrate dependency (IC50 variance < 4.8). Among the substrates used, metformin was consistently shown to be the most sensitive substrate, followed by mIBG and MPP+. Pre-incubation of ALK inhibitors had little impact on their potencies toward hOCT2 and hMATE1. Our results underscore the complexity of the interactions between substrates and the inhibitors of pOCTs and have important implications for the clinical use of ALK inhibitors and their DDI predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (Y.P.T.); (A.J.L.Q.); (L.S.V.)
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Lane TR, Urbina F, Zhang X, Fye M, Gerlach J, Wright SH, Ekins S. Machine Learning Models Identify New Inhibitors for Human OATP1B1. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4320-4332. [PMID: 36269563 PMCID: PMC9873312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The uptake transporter OATP1B1 (SLC01B1) is largely localized to the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes and is a known victim of unwanted drug-drug interactions. Computational models are useful for identifying potential substrates and/or inhibitors of clinically relevant transporters. Our goal was to generate OATP1B1 in vitro inhibition data for [3H] estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) transport in CHO cells and use it to build machine learning models to facilitate a comparison of seven different classification models (Deep learning, Adaboosted decision trees, Bernoulli naïve bayes, k-nearest neighbors (knn), random forest, support vector classifier (SVC), logistic regression (lreg), and XGBoost (xgb)] using ECFP6 fingerprints to perform 5-fold, nested cross validation. In addition, we compared models using 3D pharmacophores, simple chemical descriptors alone or plus ECFP6, as well as ECFP4 and ECFP8 fingerprints. Several machine learning algorithms (SVC, lreg, xgb, and knn) had excellent nested cross validation statistics, particularly for accuracy, AUC, and specificity. An external test set containing 207 unique compounds not in the training set demonstrated that at every threshold SVC outperformed the other algorithms based on a rank normalized score. A prospective validation test set was chosen using prediction scores from the SVC models with ECFP fingerprints and were tested in vitro with 15 of 19 compounds (84% accuracy) predicted as active (≥20% inhibition) showed inhibition. Of these compounds, six (abamectin, asiaticoside, berbamine, doramectin, mobocertinib, and umbralisib) appear to be novel inhibitors of OATP1B1 not previously reported. These validated machine learning models can now be used to make predictions for drug-drug interactions for human OATP1B1 alongside other machine learning models for important drug transporters in our MegaTrans software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Fabio Urbina
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Margret Fye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jacob Gerlach
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Stephen H. Wright
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Zhang X, Wright SH. Transport Turnover Rates for Human OCT2 and MATE1 Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031472. [PMID: 35163393 PMCID: PMC8836179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MATE1 (multidrug and toxin extruder 1) and OCT2 (organic cation transporter 2) play critical roles in organic cation excretion by the human kidney. The transporter turnover rate (TOR) is relevant to understanding both their transport mechanisms and interpreting the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) required for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Here, we use a quantitative western blot method to determine TORs for MATE1 and OCT2 proteins expressed in CHO cells. MATE1 and OCT2, each with a C-terminal V-5 epitope tag, were cell surface biotinylated and the amount of cell surface MATE1 and OCT2 protein was quantified by western analysis, using standard curves for the V5 epitope. Cell surface MATE1 and OCT2 protein represented 25% and 24%, respectively, of the total expression of these proteins in CHO cells. The number of cell surface transporters was ~55 fmol cm-2 for MATE1 and ~510 fmol cm-2 for OCT2. Dividing these values into the different Jmax values for transport of MPP, metformin, and atenolol mediated by MATE1 and OCT2 resulted in calculated TOR values (±SE, n = 4) of 84.0 ± 22.0 s-1 and 2.9 ± 0.6 s-1; metformin, 461.0 ± 121.0 s-1 and 12.6 ± 2.4 s-1; atenolol, 118.0 ± 31.0 s-1, respectively. These values are consistent with the TOR values determined for a variety of exchangers (NHEs), cotransporters (SGLTs, Lac permease), and uniporters (GLUTs, ENTs).
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Amiloride is a suitable fluorescent substrate for the study of the drug transporter human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:113-118. [PMID: 35042121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1; SLC47A1) is highly expressed in the kidneys and the liver. It plays a significant role in drug and endogenous compound disposition, and therefore, a rapid evaluation of its inhibition is important for drug development and for the understanding of renal and hepatic physiology. Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic used for treating hypertension; it also demonstrates strong fluorescence in organic solvent or detergent solutions. In this study, we investigated the transport characteristics of amiloride by human MATE1. Cellular accumulation of amiloride was evaluated in control vector- or MATE1-transfected HEK293 cells. Cells were lysed with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and fluorescence was measured using a microplate reader at wavelengths of 364ex and 409em. With ammonium prepulse-induced intracellular acidification, MATE1 transported amiloride at an extracellular pH of 7.4. The uptake demonstrated an overshoot phenomenon and saturated, with the Km and Vmax being 23.5 μM and 1.01 nmol/mg/min, respectively. MATE1-mediated amiloride transport also presented with a bell-shaped pH profile that reached a maximum pH value of 7.4. The inhibitor sensitivity of MATE1-facilitated amiloride transport was similar to those of known substrates, such as tetraethylammonium and metformin. Among the tested inhibitors, pyrimethamine demonstrated the most potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.266 μM. Furthermore, MATE1 was found to be inhibited by fampridine, which was previously considered to be a non-inhibitor of MATE1. This study demonstrates that amiloride is a suitable fluorescent substrate for the in vitro study of the transport activity of MATE1.
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Martinez Guerrero LJ, Zhang X, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Wright SH. Cationic Compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activity and their Interaction with OCT/MATE Secretory Transporters.. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:96-107. [PMID: 34253645 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing has been highlighted for rapid introduction of therapeutics. Proposed drugs with activity against SARS-CoV-2 include compounds with positive charges at physiological pH, making them potential targets for the organic cation (OC) secretory transporters of kidney and liver, i.e., the basolateral Organic Cation Transporters, OCT1 and OCT2; and the apical Multidrug And Toxin Extruders, MATE1 and MATE2-K. We selected several compounds proposed to have in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinacrine, tilorone, pyronaridine, cetylpyridinium and miramistin), to test their interaction with OCT and MATE transporters. We used Bayesian Machine learning models to generate predictions for each molecule with each transporter and also experimentally determined IC50 values for each compound against labelled substrate transport into CHO cells that stably expressed OCT2, MATE1 or MATE2-K using three structurally distinct substrates (atenolol, metformin and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP)) to assess the impact of substrate structure on inhibitory efficacy. For the OCTs substrate identity influenced IC50 values, though the effect was larger and more systematic for OCT2. In contrast, inhibition of MATE1-mediated transport was largely insensitive to substrate identity. Unlike MATE1, inhibition of MATE2-K was influenced, albeit modestly, by substrate identity. Cu,max/IC50 ratios were used to identify potential clinical DDI recommendations; all the compounds interacted with the OCT/MATE secretory pathway, most with sufficient avidity to represent potential DDI issues for secretion of cationic drugs. This should be considered when proposing cationic agents as repurposed antivirals. Significance Statement Drugs proposed as potential COVID-19 therapeutics based on in vitro activity data against SARS-CoV-2 include compounds with positive charges at physiological pH, making them potential interactors with the OCT/MATE renal secretory pathway. We tested seven such molecules as inhibitors of OCT1/2 and MATE1/2-K. All the compounds blocked transport activity regardless of substrate used to monitor activity. Suggesting that plasma concentrations achieved by normal clinical application of the test agents could be expected to influence the pharmacokinetics of selected cationic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., United States
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George B, Wen X, Jaimes EA, Joy MS, Aleksunes LM. In Vitro Inhibition of Renal OCT2 and MATE1 Secretion by Antiemetic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126439. [PMID: 34208557 PMCID: PMC8234231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) mediate the renal secretion of drugs. Recent studies suggest that ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting, can inhibit OCT2- and MATE1-mediated transport. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of five 5-HT3 antagonist drugs to inhibit the OCT2 and MATE1 transporters. The transport of the OCT2/MATE1 probe substrate ASP+ was assessed using two models: (1) HEK293 kidney cells overexpressing human OCT2 or MATE1, and (2) MDCK cells transfected with human OCT2 and MATE1. In HEK293 cells, the inhibition of ASP+ uptake by OCT2 listed in order of potency was palonosetron (IC50: 2.6 μM) > ondansetron > granisetron > tropisetron > dolasetron (IC50: 85.4 μM) and the inhibition of ASP+ uptake by MATE1 in order of potency was ondansetron (IC50: 0.1 μM) > palonosetron = tropisetron > granisetron > dolasetron (IC50: 27.4 μM). Ondansetron (0.5–20 μM) inhibited the basolateral-to-apical transcellular transport of ASP+ up to 64%. Higher concentrations (10 and 20 μM) of palonosetron, tropisetron, and dolasetron similarly reduced the transcellular transport of ASP+. In double-transfected OCT2-MATE1 MDCK cells, ondansetron at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μM caused significant intracellular accumulation of ASP+. Taken together, these data suggest that 5-HT3 antagonist drugs may inhibit the renal secretion of cationic drugs by interfering with OCT2 and/or MATE1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.G.); (X.W.)
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.G.); (X.W.)
| | - Edgar A. Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Melanie S. Joy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.G.); (X.W.)
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-5518; Fax: +1-732-445-0119
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Miller SR, Lane TR, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Multiple Computational Approaches for Predicting Drug Interactions with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1. DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION: THE BIOLOGICAL FATE OF CHEMICALS 2021; 49:479-489. [PMID: 33980604 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Equilibrativenucleoside transporters (ENTs) participate in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of nucleoside analog drugs. Understanding drug interactions with the ENTs may inform and facilitate the development of new drugs, including chemotherapeutics and antivirals that require access to sanctuary sites such as the male genital tract. This study created three-dimensional pharmacophores for ENT1 and ENT2 substrates and inhibitors using Kt and IC50 data curated from the literature. Substrate pharmacophores for ENT1 and ENT2 are distinct, with partial overlap of hydrogen bond donors, whereas the inhibitor pharmacophores predominantly feature hydrogen bond acceptors. Mizoribine and ribavirin mapped to the ENT1 substrate pharmacophore and proved to be substrates of the ENTs. The presence of the ENT-specific inhibitor 6-S-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-6-thioinosine (NBMPR) decreased mizoribine accumulation in ENT1 and ENT2 cells (ENT1, ∼70% decrease, P = 0.0046; ENT2, ∼50% decrease, P = 0.0012). NBMPR also decreased ribavirin accumulation in ENT1 and ENT2 cells (ENT1: ∼50% decrease, P = 0.0498; ENT2: ∼30% decrease, P = 0.0125). Darunavir mapped to the ENT1 inhibitor pharmacophore and NBMPR did not significantly influence darunavir accumulation in either ENT1 or ENT2 cells (ENT1: P = 0.28; ENT2: P = 0.53), indicating that darunavir's interaction with the ENTs is limited to inhibition. These computational and in vitro models can inform compound selection in the drug discovery and development process, thereby reducing time and expense of identification and optimization of ENT-interacting compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study developed computational models of human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) to predict drug interactions and validated these models with two compounds in vitro. Identification and prediction of ENT1 and ENT2 substrates allows for the determination of drugs that can penetrate tissues expressing these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siennah R Miller
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
| | - Thomas R Lane
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
| | - Kimberley M Zorn
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
| | - Sean Ekins
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (S.R.M., N.J.C.), and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (T.R.L., K.M.Z., S.E.)
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Yu X, Chu Z, Li J, He R, Wang Y, Cheng C. Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Antibiotics Used in Sepsis Care in China. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:5-23. [PMID: 32990533 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200929115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many antibiotics have a high potential for interactions with drugs, as a perpetrator and/or victim, in critically ill patients, and particularly in sepsis patients. METHODS The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction (DDI) of 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Literature search was conducted to obtain human pharmacokinetics/ dispositions of the antibiotics, their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters, and their associated clinical drug interactions. Potential DDI is indicated by a DDI index ≥ 0.1 for inhibition or a treatedcell/ untreated-cell ratio of enzyme activity being ≥ 2 for induction. RESULTS The literature-mined information on human pharmacokinetics of the identified antibiotics and their potential drug interactions is summarized. CONCLUSION Antibiotic-perpetrated drug interactions, involving P450 enzyme inhibition, have been reported for four lipophilic antibacterials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and three antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole). In addition, seven hydrophilic antibacterials (ceftriaxone, cefamandole, piperacillin, penicillin G, amikacin, metronidazole, and linezolid) inhibit drug transporters in vitro. Despite no clinical PK drug interactions with the transporters, caution is advised in the use of these antibacterials. Eight hydrophilic antibiotics (all β-lactams; meropenem, cefotaxime, cefazolin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and flucloxacillin), are potential victims of drug interactions due to transporter inhibition. Rifampin is reported to perpetrate drug interactions by inducing CYP3A or inhibiting OATP1B; it is also reported to be a victim of drug interactions, due to the dual inhibition of CYP3A4 and OATP1B by indinavir. In addition, three antifungals (caspofungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole) are reported to be victims of drug interactions because of P450 enzyme induction. Reports for other antibiotics acting as victims in drug interactions are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Saito A, Ishiguro N, Takatani M, Bister B, Kusuhara H. Impact of Direction of Transport on the Evaluation of Inhibition Potencies of Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:152-158. [PMID: 33262224 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporters are expressed on the luminal membrane of renal proximal tubule cells and extrude their substrates into the luminal side of the tubules. Inhibition of MATE1 can reduce renal secretory clearance of its substrate drugs and lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). To address whether IC50 values of MATE1 inhibitors with regard to their extracellular concentrations are affected by the direction of MATE1-mediated transport, we established an efflux assay of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and metformin using the human embryonic kidney 293 model transiently expressing human MATE1. The efflux rate was defined by reduction of the cellular amount of MPP+ and metformin for 0.25 minutes shortly after the removal of extracellular MPP+ and metformin. Inhibition potencies of 12 inhibitors toward MATE1-mediated transport were determined in both uptake and efflux assays. When MPP+ was used as a substrate, 8 out of 12 inhibitors showed comparable IC50 values between assays (<4-fold). IC50 values from the efflux assays were higher for cimetidine (9.9-fold), trimethoprim (10-fold), famotidine (6.4-fold), and cephalexin (>3.8-fold). When metformin was used as a substrate, IC50 values of the tested inhibitors when evaluated using uptake and efflux assays were within 4-fold of each other, with the exception of cephalexin (>4.7-fold). IC50 values obtained from the uptake assay using metformin showed smaller IC50 values than those from the efflux assay. Therefore, the uptake assay is recommended to determine IC50 values for the DDI predictions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, a new method to evaluate IC50 values of extracellular added inhibitors utilizing an efflux assay was established. IC50 values were not largely different between uptake and efflux directions but were smaller for uptake. This study supports the rationale for a commonly accepted uptake assay with metformin as an in vitro probe substrate for multidrug and toxin extrusion 1-mediated drug-drug interaction risk assessment in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Saito
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan (A.S., N.I, M.T., B.B.) and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan (A.S., N.I, M.T., B.B.) and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Masahito Takatani
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan (A.S., N.I, M.T., B.B.) and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Bojan Bister
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan (A.S., N.I, M.T., B.B.) and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan (A.S., N.I, M.T., B.B.) and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
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11
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Abstract
The organic cation transporters (OCTs) OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, novel OCT (OCTN)1, OCTN2, multidrug and toxin exclusion (MATE)1, and MATE kidney-specific 2 are polyspecific transporters exhibiting broadly overlapping substrate selectivities. They transport organic cations, zwitterions, and some uncharged compounds and operate as facilitated diffusion systems and/or antiporters. OCTs are critically involved in intestinal absorption, hepatic uptake, and renal excretion of hydrophilic drugs. They modulate the distribution of endogenous compounds such as thiamine, L-carnitine, and neurotransmitters. Sites of expression and functions of OCTs have important impact on energy metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of drugs, and on drug-drug interactions. In this work, an overview about the human OCTs is presented. Functional properties of human OCTs, including identified substrates and inhibitors of the individual transporters, are described. Sites of expression are compiled, and data on regulation of OCTs are presented. In addition, genetic variations of OCTs are listed, and data on their impact on transport, drug treatment, and diseases are reported. Moreover, recent data are summarized that indicate complex drug-drug interaction at OCTs, such as allosteric high-affinity inhibition of transport and substrate dependence of inhibitor efficacies. A hypothesis about the molecular mechanism of polyspecific substrate recognition by OCTs is presented that is based on functional studies and mutagenesis experiments in OCT1 and OCT2. This hypothesis provides a framework to imagine how observed complex drug-drug interactions at OCTs arise. Finally, preclinical in vitro tests that are performed by pharmaceutical companies to identify interaction of novel drugs with OCTs are discussed. Optimized experimental procedures are proposed that allow a gapless detection of inhibitory and transported drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Okada K, Uno T, Utsumi M, Usui K, Nakamura M, Nakashima I, Suzuki E, Watanabe Y. Amantadine intoxication despite moderate renal dysfunction: A case of combined use with donepezil. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1053-1056. [PMID: 32577263 PMCID: PMC7303843 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amantadine intoxication occurred despite moderate renal dysfunction. This may have been affected by the use of donepezil, and we require careful attention to these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Okada
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy PracticeTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of PharmacyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Takashi Uno
- Department of PharmacyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Miho Utsumi
- Department of PharmacyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Kensuke Usui
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy PracticeTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of PharmacyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Division of NeurologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Division of NeurologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Division of PsychiatryTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yoshiteru Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy PracticeTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of PharmacyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University HospitalSendaiJapan
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13
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Huang KM, Uddin ME, DiGiacomo D, Lustberg MB, Hu S, Sparreboom A. Role of SLC transporters in toxicity induced by anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:493-506. [PMID: 32276560 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1755253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION . Membrane transporters are integral to the maintenance of cellular integrity of all tissue and cell types. While transporters play an established role in the systemic pharmacokinetics of therapeutic drugs, tissue specific expression of uptake transporters can serve as an initiating mechanism that governs the accumulation and impact of cytotoxic drugs. AREAS COVERED . This review provides an overview of organic cation transporters as determinants of chemotherapy-induced toxicities. We also provide insights into the recently updated FDA guidelines for in vitro drug interaction studies, with a particular focus on the class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as perpetrators of transporter-mediated drug interactions. EXPERT OPINION . Studies performed over the last few decades have highlighted the important role of basolateral uptake and apical efflux transporters in the pathophysiology of drug-induced organ damage. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that govern the accumulation of cytotoxic drugs has provided insights into the development of novel strategies to prevent debilitating toxicities. Furthermore, we argue that current regulatory guidelines provide inadequate recommendations for in vitro studies to identify substrates or inhibitors of drug transporters. Therefore, the translational and predictive power of FDA-approved drugs as modulators of transport function remains ambiguous and warrants further revision of the current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Duncan DiGiacomo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University , Columbus, OH, USA
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14
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Lončar J, Smital T. Interaction of environmental contaminants with zebrafish (Danio rerio) multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 7 (Mate7/Slc47a7). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:193-203. [PMID: 30396010 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish Mate7 belongs to solute carrier protein superfamily and specifically to subfamily of multidrug and toxin extruders. It is co-orthologous to mammalian Mates, and is ubiquitously expressed in zebrafish tissues with the highest expression in kidney. It has been shown to interact with both endogenous (steroid hormones) and xenobiotic compounds (pharmaceuticals), implying a role in efflux of toxic compounds. The objective of our study was to analyse interaction of environmental contaminants with zebrafish Mate7 using a newly developed high throughput screening (HTS) Mate7 assay. A full-length zebrafish mate7 sequence was obtained from zebrafish cDNA originating from male kidney, and a stable expression of Mate7 in genetically engineered HEK293 Flp-In cells was achieved. Stable Mate7 transfectants were then used for development and optimization of a new HTS cellular uptake protocol, with DAPI and ASP + as model fluorescent substrates. The developed assay was used for identifying zebrafish Mate 7 interactors and discerning the type of interaction. A series of 89 diverse environmental contaminants, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, was tested and highly effective Mate7 interactors were identified in all of the aforementioned groups. Some of the inhibitors identified could be of environmental concern because they may potentially impair Mate7 efflux function, lowering the fish defence capacity against environmental contaminants, or interfering with transport of yet unidentified physiological substrates. In addition, we found significant differences between zebrafish Mate7 and mammalian Mates' substrate preferences, a finding that should be taken into consideration when using zebrafish as a model organism in toxicokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovica Lončar
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Kawasaki T, Matsumoto T, Iwai Y, Kawakami M, Juge N, Omote H, Nabekura T, Moriyama Y. Purification and reconstitution of polyspecific H +/organic cation antiporter human MATE1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2456-2464. [PMID: 30028956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human MATE1 (multidrug and toxin extrusion 1, hMATE1) is a H+/organic cation (OC) exchanger responsible for the final step of toxic organic cation excretion in the kidney and liver. To investigate the mechanism of transport, we have established an in vitro assay procedure that includes its expression in insect cells, solubilization with octyl glucoside, purification, and reconstitution into liposomes. The resultant proteoliposomes containing hMATE1 as the sole protein component took up radiolabeled tetraethylammonium (TEA) in a ∆pH-dependent and electroneutral fashion. Furthermore, lipid-detergent micelle containing hMATE1 showed ∆pH-dependent TEA binding similar to transport. Mutated hMATE1 with replacement E273Q completely lacked these TEA binding and transport. In the case of divalent substrates, transport was electrogenic. These observations indicate that the stoichiometry of OC/H+ exchange is independent of substrate charge. Purification and reconstitution of hMATE1 is considered to be suitable for understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of hMATE1. The results suggest that Glu273 of hMATE1 plays essential roles in substrate binding and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwai
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mamiyo Kawakami
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Narinobu Juge
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Omote
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shioziri 399-0781, Japan
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16
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Müller F, Weitz D, Mertsch K, König J, Fromm MF. Importance of OCT2 and MATE1 for the Cimetidine-Metformin Interaction: Insights from Investigations of Polarized Transport in Single- And Double-Transfected MDCK Cells with a Focus on Perpetrator Disposition. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3425-3433. [PMID: 29975542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cimetidine decreases the renal clearance of metformin by inhibition of renal tubular cation transport, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. We investigated polarized metformin transport without and with the addition of cimetidine as well as polarized cimetidine transport in double-transfected MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 cells that mimic organic cation transport processes in proximal renal tubule cells and in MDCK vector control and single-transfected MDCK-OCT2 and MDCK-MATE1 cells. At all tested concentrations (1, 10, 100 μM), the intracellular accumulation of cimetidine after administration to the basal compartment was considerably higher in MDCK-OCT2 cells compared to that in all other cells ( p < 0.001). Whereas cimetidine transcellular, basal-to-apical transport was only slightly higher in MDCK-OCT2 cells, the presence of MATE1 in the apical membrane caused a pronounced translocation of cimetidine in both single- and double-transfected cells ( p < 0.001). Transcellular, basal-to-apical metformin net transport was reduced by 89.1, 74.5, and 91.0% in MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 cells after the addition of cimetidine (100 μM) to the basal, the apical, or both compartments ( p < 0.001). In MDCK-MATE1 and MDCK-OCT2-MATE1 cells, transcellular net transport of metformin was inhibited by cimetidine with IC50 values of 8.0 and 6.6 μM, respectively. Our data confirm the relevance of MATE1 and suggest the relevance of OCT2 for the cimetidine-metformin interaction, primarily because OCT2 mediates uptake of the perpetrator cimetidine into renal proximal tubular cells and thereby to the site of the metformin exporter MATE1. This work supports the notion that a thorough understanding of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions may require investigations on the impact of transporters on cellular uptake and transcellular transport of victim as well as perpetrator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Müller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Fahrstrasse 17 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dietmar Weitz
- R&D, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Katharina Mertsch
- R&D, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH , 65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Fahrstrasse 17 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Fahrstrasse 17 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
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17
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Sandoval PJ, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Ekins S, Wright SH. Assessment of Substrate-Dependent Ligand Interactions at the Organic Cation Transporter OCT2 Using Six Model Substrates. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1057-1068. [PMID: 29884691 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 mediates the entry step for organic cation secretion by renal proximal tubule cells and is a site of unwanted drug-drug interactions (DDIs). But reliance on decision tree-based predictions of DDIs at OCT2 that depend on IC50 values can be suspect because they can be influenced by choice of transported substrate; for example, IC50 values for the inhibition of metformin versus MPP transport can vary by 5- to 10-fold. However, it is not clear whether the substrate dependence of a ligand interaction is common among OCT2 substrates. To address this question, we screened the inhibitory effectiveness of 20 µM concentrations of several hundred compounds against OCT2-mediated uptake of six structurally distinct substrates: MPP, metformin, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[methyl(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]ethanaminium (NBD-MTMA), TEA, cimetidine, and 4-4-dimethylaminostyryl-N-methylpyridinium (ASP). Of these, MPP transport was least sensitive to inhibition. IC50 values for 20 structurally diverse compounds confirmed this profile, with IC50 values for MPP averaging 6-fold larger than those for the other substrates. Bayesian machine-learning models of ligand-induced inhibition displayed generally good statistics after cross-validation and external testing. Applying our ASP model to a previously published large-scale screening study for inhibition of OCT2-mediated ASP transport resulted in comparable statistics, with approximately 75% of "active" inhibitors predicted correctly. The differential sensitivity of MPP transport to inhibition suggests that multiple ligands can interact simultaneously with OCT2 and supports the recommendation that MPP not be used as a test substrate for OCT2 screening. Instead, metformin appears to be a comparatively representative OCT2 substrate for both in vitro and in vivo (clinical) use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Sandoval
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (P.J.S., S.H.W.); Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (K.M.Z., S.E.); and Molecular Materials Informatics, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Kimberley M Zorn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (P.J.S., S.H.W.); Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (K.M.Z., S.E.); and Molecular Materials Informatics, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Alex M Clark
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (P.J.S., S.H.W.); Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (K.M.Z., S.E.); and Molecular Materials Informatics, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Sean Ekins
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (P.J.S., S.H.W.); Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (K.M.Z., S.E.); and Molecular Materials Informatics, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.M.C.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (P.J.S., S.H.W.); Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (K.M.Z., S.E.); and Molecular Materials Informatics, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada (A.M.C.)
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18
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Nakada T, Kudo T, Kume T, Kusuhara H, Ito K. Quantitative analysis of elevation of serum creatinine via renal transporter inhibition by trimethoprim in healthy subjects using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 33:103-110. [PMID: 29361388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum creatinine (SCr) levels rise during trimethoprim therapy for infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the elevation of SCr can be quantitatively explained using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model incorporating inhibition by trimethoprim on tubular secretion of creatinine via renal transporters such as organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), OCT3, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), and MATE2-K. Firstly, pharmacokinetic parameters in the PBPK model of trimethoprim were determined to reproduce the blood concentration profile after a single intravenous and oral administration of trimethoprim in healthy subjects. The model was verified with datasets of both cumulative urinary excretions after a single administration and the blood concentration profile after repeated oral administration. The pharmacokinetic model of creatinine consisted of the creatinine synthesis rate, distribution volume, and creatinine clearance (CLcre), including tubular secretion via each transporter. When combining the models for trimethoprim and creatinine, the predicted increments in SCr from baseline were 29.0%, 39.5%, and 25.8% at trimethoprim dosages of 5 mg/kg (b.i.d.), 5 mg/kg (q.i.d.), and 200 mg (b.i.d.), respectively, which were comparable with the observed values. The present model analysis enabled us to quantitatively explain increments in SCr during trimethoprim treatment by its inhibition of renal transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kudo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kume
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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