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Juluru Bhaskar, Srinivas B, Gouthami D, Suresh P. One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indole-Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202104004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mohapatra S, Biswal AK, Dandapat J, Debata PR. Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:649-657. [PMID: 32781975 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumors reported in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available, mortality due to cervical cancer remains high. Nerium oleander L. is a potential medicinal plant that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities including anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anti-cancer compounds, Vinblastin and Vincristin, was used as a positive control for this study. METHODS The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using the standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of the cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. The expression level of various proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in culture and inhibited cell migration. Besides, it arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level were significantly downregulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander. CONCLUSION The extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds that inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasmita Mohapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Anil K Biswal
- P.G. Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Priya R Debata
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
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Rezadoost MH, Kumleh HH, Ghasempour A. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in breast cancer, skin cancer and glioblastoma cells by plant extracts. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5131-5142. [PMID: 31317456 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants can be candidate as a common alternative for cancer treatment according to natural landscaping and native plants in each country. The aim of this study was the evaluations of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest induction by using seven leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Calystegia sepium, Berberis integerrima, Mahonia fortunei, Melia azedarach, Plantago major, Betula pendula and one bulb extract of Narcissus tazetta. Extracts were assessed on three cancer cell lines including MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A431 epidermal cell line, and U87-MG glioma cell line that were compared to HGF-1 as normal cells. According to analysis of MTT, methanolic extract of C. sepium leaves increased significantly the rate of cell death in all cancer cell lines when compared to HGF-1 as normal cells. Among different extracts, methanolic extract of C. roseus leaves and methanolic extract of C. sepium leaves indicated a crucial role in apoptosis of cancer cells according to evidences from MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay. Doxorubicin has been used as standard drug to compare with IC50 s of different extracts. In addition, the encapsulation of methanolic and ethanolic extracts in small unilamellar vesicles form (SUV) increased the cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines and normal cells. Our results indicated that different extracts can differently affect the cytotoxicity rate in variety of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Rezadoost
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassani Kumleh
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghasempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang XD, Li CY, Jiang MM, Li D, Wen P, Song X, Chen JD, Guo LX, Hu XP, Li GQ, Zhang J, Wang CH, He ZD. Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells through an intrinsic pathway by cathachunine, a unique alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:641-653. [PMID: 27161405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don consists of a range of dimeric indole alkaloids with significant antitumor activities. These alkaloids have been found to possess apoptosis-inducing activity against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo mediated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, in which DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles. In this study, a unique bisindole alkaloid named cathachunine, along with five known dimeric indole alkaloids, was obtained from C. roseus and investigated in vitro. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of isolated alkaloids and the mechanism through which cathachunine exerts its antitumor effect. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cell growth inhibition was assessed by WST-1 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays in HL60, K562 leukemia cells and EA.hy926 umbilical vein cells. Induction of apoptosis in HL60 cells was confirmed by observation of nuclear morphology, a caspase-3 activity assay and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (FITC/PI) double staining. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway induced by cathachunine was evidenced by B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bcl-2/Bax) dysregulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of cytochrome c, and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after cathachunine treatment was determined by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Cell cycle arrest of the S phase was also observed in HL60 cells after cathachunine treatment. RESULTS The WST-1 and LDH assays showed that Catharanthus alkaloids were cytotoxic toward human leukemia cells to a greater extent than toward normal human endothelial cells, and the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis abilities of cathachunine were much more potent than other previously reported alkaloids. The induction of apoptosis by cathachunine occurred through an ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway rather than an extrinsic pathway, and was regulated by the Bcl-2 protein family. CONCLUSION An unprecedented bisindole alkaloid cathachunine which lost C-18' and C-19' was isolated from C. roseus. It exerted a potent antitumor effect toward human leukemia cells through the induction of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway. Thus, this study provides evidence for a new lead compound from a natural source for anti-cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Ping Wen
- Business Technology Department, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun-Da Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li-Xuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Peng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Experiment and Technology Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China.
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Pilarski R, Gurrola-Díaz CM, García-López PM, Soldevila G, Olejnik A, Grajek W, Gulewicz K. Enhanced proapoptotic response of the promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells treated with an Uncaria tomentosa alkaloid preparation. J Herb Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salerno C, Capuozzo E. Effects of the semisynthetic bis-indole derivative KAR-2 on store-operated calcium entry in human neutrophils. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 537:133-7. [PMID: 23876240 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of KAR-2 on cytosolic Ca(2+) level in human neutrophils by using a fluorescent dye (Fura-2) trapped in the cells. KAR-2 is a semisynthetic bis-indole derivative that shares vinblastine anti-microtubular properties, but does not share the vinblastine antagonistic effect on calmodulin. Therefore KAR-2 offers a convenient mean of studying the effect of microtubule destabilization, without concomitant calmodulin alterations. We found that KAR-2 induces Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, whereby the stores are depleted. In addition KAR-2 reduces store-operated entry of extracellular Ca(2+) induced by agonists such as thapsigargin or ATP. On the other hand, in Ca(2+) refilled cells, KAR-2 promotes limited entry of extracellular Ca(2+) in the absence of agonist, but still interferes prominently with Ca(2+) entry triggered by ATP and with Ca(2+) uptake by intracellular stores. We suggest that Ca(2+) traffic through the plasma membrane is operated by two diverse pathways: the prominent pathway is interfered with by microtubule destabilization, while an alternate and minor pathway is actually favored (or uncovered) following microtubule destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Salerno
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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Lehotzky A, Tőkési N, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Merino V, Bermejo M, Orosz F, Lau P, Kovacs G, Ovádi J. Progress in the development of early diagnosis and a drug with unique pharmacology to improve cancer therapy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2008; 366:3599-3617. [PMID: 18644768 PMCID: PMC2696110 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the major health and socio-economic problems worldwide, despite considerable efforts to improve its early diagnosis and treatment. The identification of new constituents as biomarkers for early diagnosis of neoplastic cells and the discovery of new type of drugs with their mechanistic actions are crucial to improve cancer therapy. New drugs have entered the market, thanks to industrial and legislative efforts ensuring continuity of pharmaceutical development. New targets have been identified, but cancer therapy and the anti-cancer drug market still partly depend on anti-mitotic agents. The objective of this paper is to show the effects of KAR-2, a potent anti-mitotic compound, and TPPP/p25, a new unstructured protein, on the structural and functional characteristics of the microtubule system. Understanding the actions of these two potential effectors on the microtubule system could be the clue for early diagnosis and improvement of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of SciencesKarolina út 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - N. Tőkési
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of SciencesKarolina út 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - I. Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - V. Merino
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of SciencesKarolina út 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P. Lau
- Section of Developmental Genetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G.G. Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna1097 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of SciencesKarolina út 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
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Lozano C, Juliá L, Jiménez A, Touriño S, Centelles JJ, Cascante M, Torres JL. Electron-transfer capacity of catechin derivatives and influence on the cell cycle and apoptosis in HT29 cells. FEBS J 2006; 273:2475-86. [PMID: 16704421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Galloylated and nongalloylated catechin conjugates with cysteine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their capacity to scavenge free radicals and to influence crucial functions (cell cycle, apoptosis) in HT29 colon carcinoma cells. We show that the nonphenolic part of the molecule modified the capacity of catechins to donate hydrogen atoms and to transfer electrons to free radicals. Nongalloylated derivatives did not significantly influence either the cell cycle or apoptosis. Among the galloylated species, 4beta-[S-(O-ethyl-cysteinyl)]epicatechin 3-O-gallate, which showed a high electron-transfer capacity (5 e- per molecule), arrested the cell cycle and induced apoptosis as expected for galloylated catechins such as tea (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. 4beta-[S-(N-Acetyl-O-methyl-cysteinyl)]epicatechin 3-O-gallate, which showed the highest hydrogen-donating capacity (10 H per molecule) while keeping the electron-transfer capacity low (2.9 e- per molecule), did not trigger any significant apoptosis. The gallate moiety did not appear to be sufficient for the pro-apoptotic effect of the catechin derivatives in HT29 cells. Instead, a high electron-transfer capacity is more likely to be behind this effect. The use of stable radicals sensitive exclusively to electron transfer may help to design molecules with either preventive scavenging action (high hydrogen donation, low electron transfer) or therapeutic pro-apoptotic activity (high electron transfer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lozano
- Institute for Chemical and Environmental Research (IIQAB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Andreani A, Granaiola M, Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M, Garaliene V, Welsh W, Arora S, Farruggia G, Masotti L. Antitumor Activity of New Substituted 3-(5-Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolylmethylene)-2-indolinones and Study of Their Effect on the Cell Cycle. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5604-7. [PMID: 16107161 DOI: 10.1021/jm050353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of a new series of 3-(5-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolylmethylene)-2-indolinones which were tested as potential antitumor agents at the National Cancer Institute. Two derivatives are now under review by BEC (Biological Evaluation Committee of NCI). To investigate the mechanism of action, the effect on cell cycle progression was studied by monitoring them in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29: both were able to block HT-29 in mitosis. 3-[(2,6-Dimethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-yl)methylene]-5-chloro-2-indolinone was the most active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Andreani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Lozano C, Torres JL, Julià L, Jimenez A, Centelles JJ, Cascante M. Effect of new antioxidant cysteinyl-flavanol conjugates on skin cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4219-25. [PMID: 16051220 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel catechin derivatives obtained from grape procyanidins and l-cysteine scavenge free radicals by hydrogen atom donation, rather than electron transfer, and reduce cell viability in A375 and M21 melanoma cells. In particular, 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)epicatechin 3-O-gallate has a free radical scavenging capacity as strong as that of tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and causes a significant S-phase cell-cycle arrest in both cell lines at doses higher than 100 microM. The other cysteinyl compounds do not affect normal cell cycle distribution. The gallate derivative also induces apoptosis in melanoma cells more strongly than the other derivatives and the parent (-)-epicatechin do. The gallate compound seems to trigger nuclear condensation and fragmentation, which is confirmed by DNA laddering. Interestingly, they do not induce apoptosis in keratinocytes (HaCaT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lozano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Unit associated with the CSIC, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Horváth I, Harmat V, Perczel A, Pálfi V, Nyitray L, Nagy A, Hlavanda E, Náray-Szabó G, Ovádi J. The Structure of the Complex of Calmodulin with KAR-2. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:8266-74. [PMID: 15596444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410353200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3'-(beta-Chloroethyl)-2',4'-dioxo-3,5'-spiro-oxazolidino-4-deacetoxyvinblastine (KAR-2) is a potent anti-microtubular agent that arrests mitosis in cancer cells without significant toxic side effects. In this study we demonstrate that in addition to targeting microtubules, KAR-2 also binds calmodulin, thereby countering the antagonistic effects of trifluoperazine. To determine the basis of both properties of KAR-2, the three-dimensional structure of its complex with Ca(2+)-calmodulin has been characterized both in solution using NMR and when crystallized using x-ray diffraction. Heterocorrelation ((1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single quantum coherence) spectra of (15)N-labeled calmodulin indicate a global conformation change (closure) of the protein upon its binding to KAR-2. The crystal structure at 2.12-A resolution reveals a more complete picture; KAR-2 binds to a novel structure created by amino acid residues of both the N- and C-terminal domains of calmodulin. Although first detected by x-ray diffraction of the crystallized ternary complex, this conformational change is consistent with its solution structure as characterized by NMR spectroscopy. It is noteworthy that a similar tertiary complex forms when calmodulin binds KAR-2 as when it binds trifluoperazine, even though the two ligands contact (for the most part) different amino acid residues. These observations explain the specificity of KAR-2 as an anti-microtubular agent; the drug interacts with a novel drug binding domain on calmodulin. Consequently, KAR-2 does not prevent calmodulin from binding most of its physiological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Horváth
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina út 29 Budapest, H-1113 Hungary
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Li Q, Sham HL. Discovery and development of antimitotic agents that inhibit tubulin polymerisation for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.11.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Andreani A, Granaiola M, Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M, Garaliene V, Farruggia G, Masotti L. Substituted E -3-(2-Chloro-3-indolylmethylene)1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones with antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1121-8. [PMID: 14980624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antitumor activity of a new series of E-3-(2-chloro-3-indolylmethylene)1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones is described. Several compounds were active on the primary test (three human cell lines) and entered the second level (60 human cell lines). All of them were potent growth inhibitors with GI(50) ranging from -5.32 to -7.27. Four are now under review by BEC (Biological Evaluation Committee of the NCI). The most potent antitumor derivatives were also evaluated as cardiotonic agents (in view of a possible coanthracyclinic activity). In order to find a possible mechanism of action their effects on cell cycle progression in an adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) were tested, evidencing that these molecules are able to block HT29 in mitosis. The introduction of new substituents in the indolinone moiety while maintaining the same chloroindole portion generated interesting derivatives. 3-(2-Chloro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-3-indolylmethylene)5-hydroxy-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one was the most active of the whole series. It was more potent than vincristine against seven of the nine tumors considered. Moreover it was selective towards some cell lines such as MDA-MB-435 (breast), OVCAR-3 (ovarian) and SK-MEL-28 (melanoma). Even the introduction of a benzyl ring at the nitrogen of the chloroindole portion, gave rise to potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Andreani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Comin-Anduix B, Boros LG, Marin S, Boren J, Callol-Massot C, Centelles JJ, Torres JL, Agell N, Bassilian S, Cascante M. Fermented wheat germ extract inhibits glycolysis/pentose cycle enzymes and induces apoptosis through poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in Jurkat T-cell leukemia tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:46408-14. [PMID: 12351627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermented extract of wheat germ, trade name Avemar, is a complex mixture of biologically active molecules with potent anti-metastatic activities in various human malignancies. Here we report the effect of Avemar on Jurkat leukemia cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and the activity of key glycolytic/pentose cycle enzymes that control carbon flow for nucleic acid synthesis. The cytotoxic IC(50) concentration of Avemar for Jurkat tumor cells is 0.2 mg/ml, and increasing doses of the crude powder inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. At concentrations higher than 0.2 mg/ml, Avemar inhibits cell growth by more than 50% (72 h of incubation), which is preceded by the appearance of a sub-G(1) peak on flow histograms at 48 h. Laser scanning cytometry of propidium iodide- and annexin V-stained cells indicated that the growth-inhibiting effect of Avemar was consistent with a strong induction of apoptosis. Inhibition by benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone of apoptosis but increased proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) indicate caspases mediate the cellular effects of Avemar. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, which correlated with decreased (13)C incorporation and pentose cycle substrate flow into RNA ribose. This decrease in pentose cycle enzyme activities and carbon flow toward nucleic acid precursor synthesis provide the mechanistic understanding of the cell growth-controlling and apoptosis-inducing effects of fermented wheat germ. Avemar exhibits about a 50-fold higher IC(50) (10.02 mg/ml) for peripheral blood lymphocytes to induce a biological response, which provides the broad therapeutic window for this supplemental cancer treatment modality with no toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begona Comin-Anduix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CeRQT-PCB at Barcelona Scientific Park, University of Barcelona, 1 Marti i Franquès, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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