1
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Cecchinato V, Martini V, Pirani E, Ghovehoud E, Uguccioni M. The chemokine landscape: one system multiple shades. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176619. [PMID: 37251376 PMCID: PMC10213763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is mainly governed by chemokines, chemotactic cytokines, which can be concomitantly produced in tissues during homeostatic conditions or inflammation. After the discovery and characterization of the individual chemokines, we and others have shown that they present additional properties. The first discoveries demonstrated that some chemokines act as natural antagonists on chemokine receptors, and prevent infiltration of leukocyte subsets in tissues. Later on it was shown that they can exert a repulsive effect on selective cell types, or synergize with other chemokines and inflammatory mediators to enhance chemokine receptors activities. The relevance of the fine-tuning modulation has been demonstrated in vivo in a multitude of processes, spanning from chronic inflammation to tissue regeneration, while its role in the tumor microenvironment needs further investigation. Moreover, naturally occurring autoantibodies targeting chemokines were found in tumors and autoimmune diseases. More recently in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of several autoantibodies neutralizing chemokine activities distinguished disease severity, and they were shown to be beneficial, protecting from long-term sequelae. Here, we review the additional properties of chemokines that influence cell recruitment and activities. We believe these features need to be taken into account when designing novel therapeutic strategies targeting immunological disorders.
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2
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A new obligate CXCL4-CXCL12 heterodimer for studying chemokine heterodimer activities and mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17204. [PMID: 36229490 PMCID: PMC9561612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines form a family of proteins with critical roles in many biological processes in health and disease conditions, including cardiovascular, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. Many chemokines engage in heterophilic interactions to form heterodimers, leading to synergistic activity enhancement or reduction dependent on the nature of heterodimer-forming chemokines. In mixtures, different chemokine species with diverse activities coexist in dynamic equilibrium, leading to the observation of their combined response in biological assays. To overcome this problem, we produced a non-dissociating CXCL4-CXCL12 chemokine heterodimer OHD4-12 as a new tool for studying the biological activities and mechanisms of chemokine heterodimers in biological environments. Using the OHD4-12, we show that the CXCL4-CXCL12 chemokine heterodimer inhibits the CXCL12-driven migration of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We also show that the CXCL4-CXCL12 chemokine heterodimer binds and activates the CXCR4 receptor.
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3
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Qian W, Yu H, Zhang C, Zhang H, Fu S, Xia C. Plasma Proteomics Characteristics of Subclinical Vitamin E Deficiency of Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:723898. [PMID: 34957273 PMCID: PMC8703030 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.723898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) is an essential fat-soluble nutrient for dairy cows. Vitamin E deficiency leads to immune suppression and oxidative stress and increases the susceptibility of cows to reproductive disorders in the early post-partum period. However, studies on plasma proteomics of VE deficiency have not been reported so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the changes of blood protein profile in cows with subclinical VE deficiency in the early post-partum period. In this study, plasma protein levels of 14 healthy cows (>4 μg/ml α-tocopherol) and 13 subclinical VE-deficient cows (2–3 μg/ml α-tocopherol) were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT). The results showed that there were 26 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma of cows with subclinical VE deficiency compared with healthy controls. Twenty-one kinds of proteins were downregulated, and five kinds were upregulated, among which eight proteins in protein–protein interactions (PPI) network had direct interaction. These proteins are mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The top four DEPs in PPI (APOC3, APOC4, SAA4, PHLD) and one important protein (VNN1) by literature review were further verified by ELISA and Western blot. The expression levels of APOC3, VNN1, and SAA4 were significantly lower than those of healthy controls by ELISA. VNN1 was significantly lower than those of healthy controls by Western blot. VNN1 is closely related to dairy cow subclinical VE deficiency and can be a potential biomarker. It lays a foundation for further research on the lack of pathological mechanism and antioxidative stress of VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyi Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cuiyu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shixin Fu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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4
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Tengvall K, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Farias FHG, Kierczak M, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Andersson G. Transcriptomes from German shepherd dogs reveal differences in immune activity between atopic dermatitis affected and control skin. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:315-323. [PMID: 32556497 PMCID: PMC7320941 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors described. We performed mRNA sequencing of non-lesional axillary skin biopsies from nine German shepherd dogs. Obtained RNA sequences were mapped to the dog genome (CanFam3.1) and a high-quality skin transcriptome was generated with 23,510 expressed gene transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by comparing three controls to five treated CAD cases. Using a leave-one-out analysis, we identified seven DEGs: five known to encode proteins with functions related to an activated immune system (CD209, CLEC4G, LOC102156842 (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-like), LOC480601 (regakine-1-like), LOC479668 (haptoglobin-like)), one (OBP) encoding an odorant-binding protein potentially connected to rhinitis, and the last (LOC607095) encoding a novel long non-coding RNA. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was found in axillary skin from an untreated mild CAD case compared with healthy skin. In conclusion, we define genes with different expression patterns in CAD case skin helping us understand post-treatment atopic skin. Further studies in larger sample sets are warranted to confirm and to transfer these results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Olsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M Kierczak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Xu Q, Li X, Ma L, Loor JJ, Coleman DN, Jia H, Liu G, Xu C, Wang Y, Li X. Adipose tissue proteomic analysis in ketotic or healthy Holstein cows in early lactation1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2837-2849. [PMID: 31267132 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketosis is a major metabolic disorder of high-yielding dairy cows during the transition period. Although metabolic adaptations of the adipose tissue are critical for a successful transition, beyond lipolysis, alterations within adipose tissue during ketosis are not well known. The objective of this study was to investigate the adipose tissue proteome of healthy or ketotic postpartum cows to gain insights into biological adaptations that may contribute to disease outcomes. Adipose tissue biopsy was collected on 5 healthy and 5 ketotic cows at 17 (±4) d postpartum and ketosis was defined according to the clinical symptoms and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Morphology micrographs stained by hematoxylin-eosin showed that adipocytes were smaller in ketotic cows than in healthy cows. The isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification was applied to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEP) in the adipose tissue. We identified a total of 924 proteins, 81 of which were differentially expressed between ketotic and healthy cows (P < 0.05 and fold changes >1.5 or <0.67). These DEP included enzymes and proteins associated with various carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism processes. The top pathways differing between ketosis and control cows were glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glucagon signaling pathway, cysteine and methionine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The identified DEP were further validated by western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Key enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism such as pyruvate kinase 2, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α), lactate dehydrogenase A , phosphoglucomutase 1, and 6-phosphofructokinase 1 were upregulated in ketotic cows. The expression and phosphorylation state of critical regulators of lipolysis such as perilipin-1 and hormone-sensitive lipase were also upregulated in ketotic cows. Furthermore, key proteins involved in maintaining innate immune response such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein and regakine-1 were downregulated in ketotic cows. Overall, data indicate that ketotic cows during the transition period have altered carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and impaired immune function in the adipose tissue. This proteomics analysis in adipose tissue of ketotic cows identified several pathways and proteins that are components of the adaptation to ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Danielle N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, China
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6
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Moens L, Gouwy M, Bosch B, Pastukhov O, Nieto-Patlàn A, Siler U, Bucciol G, Mekahli D, Vermeulen F, Desmet L, Maebe S, Flipts H, Corveleyn A, Moshous D, Philippet P, Tangye SG, Boisson B, Casanova JL, Florkin B, Struyf S, Reichenbach J, Bustamante J, Notarangelo LD, Meyts I. Human DOCK2 Deficiency: Report of a Novel Mutation and Evidence for Neutrophil Dysfunction. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:298-308. [PMID: 30838481 PMCID: PMC6647034 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DOCK2 is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor for Rac proteins. Activated Rac serves various cellular functions including the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in lymphocytes and neutrophils and production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils. Since 2015, six unrelated patients with combined immunodeficiency and early-onset severe viral infections caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in DOCK2 have been described. Until now, the function of phagocytes, specifically neutrophils, has not been assessed in human DOCK2 deficiency. Here, we describe a new kindred with four affected siblings harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.2704-2 A > C) in DOCK2. The mutation results in alternative splicing and a complete loss of DOCK2 protein expression. The patients presented with leaky severe combined immunodeficiency or Omenn syndrome. The novel mutation affects EBV-B cell migration and results in NK cell dysfunction similar to previous observations. Moreover, both cytoskeletal rearrangement and reactive oxygen species production are partially impaired in DOCK2-deficient neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Moens
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Barbara Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Oleksandr Pastukhov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine associated group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Nieto-Patlàn
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU, France.,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, México, Mexico
| | - Ulrich Siler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine associated group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Laboratory of Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - François Vermeulen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Lars Desmet
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Sophie Maebe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Helena Flipts
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Despina Moshous
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, EU, France.,INSERM UMR1163, University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, EU, France
| | - Pierre Philippet
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Montegnée, Liege, EU, Belgium
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, EU, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benoit Florkin
- Immuno-Hémato-Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, CHR Citadelle, Liège, EU, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium
| | - Janine Reichenbach
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine associated group, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU, France.,Study Centre for Immunodeficiency, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, EU, Belgium.
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7
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D'Agostino G, Cecchinato V, Uguccioni M. Chemokine Heterocomplexes and Cancer: A Novel Chapter to Be Written in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2185. [PMID: 30319638 PMCID: PMC6167476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating immune cells are a key component of the tumor microenvironment and play central roles in dictating tumor fate, either promoting anti-tumor immune responses, or sustaining tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. A distinctive microenvironment is often associated to different tumor types, with substantial differences in prognosis. The production of a variety of chemotactic factors by cancer and stromal cells orchestrates cell recruitment, local immune responses or cancer progression. In the last decades, different studies have highlighted how chemotactic cues, and in particular chemokines, can act as natural antagonists or induce synergistic effects on selective receptors by forming heterocomplexes, thus shaping migratory responses of immune cells. A variety of chemokines has been described to be able to form heterocomplexes both in vitro and in vivo under inflammatory conditions, but nowadays little is known on the presence and relevance of heterocomplexes in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the alarmin HMGB1, which can be massively released within the tumor microenvironment, has also been described to form a complex with the chemokine CXCL12 enhancing CXCR4-mediated signaling, thus providing an additional regulation of the activity of the chemokine system. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the synergy occurring between chemokines or inflammatory molecules, and describe the multiple functions exerted by the chemokines expressed in the tumor microenvironment, pointing our attention to the synergism as a possible modulator of tumor suppression or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cecchinato
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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8
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Janssens R, Boff D, Ruytinx P, Mortier A, Vanheule V, Larsen O, Daugvilaite V, Rosenkilde MM, Noppen S, Liekens S, Schols D, De Meester I, Opdenakker G, Struyf S, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA, Proost P. Peroxynitrite Exposure of CXCL12 Impairs Monocyte, Lymphocyte and Endothelial Cell Chemotaxis, Lymphocyte Extravasation in vivo and Anti-HIV-1 Activity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1933. [PMID: 30233568 PMCID: PMC6127631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 is a chemotactic cytokine that attracts many different cell types for homeostasis and during inflammation. Under stress conditions, macrophages and granulocytes produce factors such as peroxynitrite as a consequence of their oxidative response. After short incubations of CXCL12 with peroxynitrite, the gradual nitration of Tyr7, Tyr61, or both Tyr7 and Tyr61 was demonstrated with the use of mass spectrometry, whereas longer incubations caused CXCL12 degradation. Native CXCL12 and the nitrated forms, [3-NT61]CXCL12 and [3-NT7/61]CXCL12, were chemically synthesized to evaluate the effects of Tyr nitration on the biological activity of CXCL12. All CXCL12 forms had a similar binding affinity for heparin, the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3. However, nitration significantly enhanced the affinity of CXCL12 for chondroitin sulfate. Internalization of CXCR4 and β-arrestin 2 recruitment to CXCR4 was significantly reduced for [3-NT7/61]CXCL12 compared to CXCL12, whereas β-arrestin 2 recruitment to ACKR3 was similar for all CXCL12 variants. [3-NT7/61]CXCL12 was weaker in calcium signaling assays and in in vitro chemotaxis assays with monocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Surprisingly, nitration of Tyr61, but not Tyr7, partially protected CXCL12 against cleavage by the specific serine protease CD26. In vivo, the effects were more pronounced compared to native CXCL12. Nitration of any Tyr residue drastically lowered lymphocyte extravasation to joints compared to native CXCL12. Finally, the anti-HIV-1 activity of [3-NT7]CXCL12 and [3-NT7/61]CXCL12 was reduced, whereas CXCL12 and [3-NT61]CXCL12 were equally potent. In conclusion, nitration of CXCL12 occurs readily upon contact with peroxynitrite and specifically nitration of Tyr7 fully reduces its in vitro and in vivo biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Janssens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daiane Boff
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pieter Ruytinx
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Mortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olav Larsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Natural nitration of CXCL12 reduces its signaling capacity and chemotactic activity in vitro and abrogates intra-articular lymphocyte recruitment in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62439-62459. [PMID: 27566567 PMCID: PMC5308738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor-1 is important for leukocyte migration to lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues and stimulates tumor development. In vitro, CXCL12 activity through CXCR4 is abolished by proteolytic processing. However, limited information is available on in vivo effects of posttranslationally modified CXCL12. Natural CXCL12 was purified from the coculture supernatant of stromal cells stimulated with leukocytes and inflammatory agents. In this conditioned medium, CXCL12 with a nitration on Tyr7, designated [3-NT7]CXCL12, was discovered via Edman degradation. CXCL12 and [3-NT7]CXCL12 were chemically synthesized to evaluate the biological effects of this modification. [3-NT7]CXCL12 recruited β-arrestin 2 and phosphorylated the Akt kinase similar to CXCL12 in receptor-transfected cells. Also the affinity of CXCL12 and [3-NT7]CXCL12 for glycosaminoglycans, the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 were comparable. However, [3-NT7]CXCL12 showed a reduced ability to enhance intracellular calcium concentrations, to generate inositol triphosphate, to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and to induce monocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Moreover, nitrated CXCL12 failed to induce in vivo extravasation of lymphocytes to the joint. In summary, nitration on Tyr7 under inflammatory conditions is a novel natural posttranslational regulatory mechanism of CXCL12 which may downregulate the CXCR4-mediated inflammatory and tumor-promoting activities of CXCL12.
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Yang M, Liu F, Higuchi K, Sawashita J, Fu X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Fu L, Tong Z, Higuchi K. Serum amyloid A expression in the breast cancer tissue is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:35843-35852. [PMID: 27058895 PMCID: PMC5094967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase protein, is expressed primarily in the liver, and recently found also expressed in cancer tissues. However, its expression and prognostic value in breast cancer have not been described. Results SAA protein was found expressed in tumor cells in 44.2% cases and in TAM in 62.5% cases. FISH showed more frequent SAA mRNA expression in TAM than in tumor cells (76% versus 12%, p < 0.001), and a significant association between the frequencies of SAA mRNA expression in TAM and tumor cells (rs = 0.603, p < 0.001). The immunoreactivities of SAA protein in TAM and tumor cells were both associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, SAA-positivity in TAMs was associated with larger tumor-size, higher histological-grade, negative estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor statuses, and HER-2 overexpression. It was also linked to worse recurrence-free survival in a multivariable regression model. Methods Immunohistochemistry was applied on the tumor tissues from 208 breast cancer patients to evaluate the local SAA-protein expression with additional CD68 stain to identify the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) on the serial tissue sections. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted on serial tissue sections from 25 of the 208 tumors to examine the expression and location of SAA mRNA. Conclusions Our results suggested that the TAMs may be a pivotal and main source of SAA production in tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. SAA immunoreactivity in TAM is associated with worse recurrence-free survival, and is therefore a biomarker candidate for postoperative surveillance and perhaps a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kayoko Higuchi
- Department of Pathology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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11
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A dangerous liaison: Leptin and sPLA2-IIA join forces to induce proliferation and migration of astrocytoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170675. [PMID: 28249041 PMCID: PMC5331986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of primary brain tumour, shows worse prognosis linked to diabetes or obesity persistence. These pathologies are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by altered profiles of inflammatory mediators, including leptin and secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA). Both proteins, in turn, display diverse pro-cancer properties in different cell types, including astrocytes. Herein, to understand the underlying relationship between obesity and brain tumors, we investigated the effect of leptin, alone or in combination with sPLA2-IIA on astrocytoma cell functions. sPLA2-IIA induced up-regulation of leptin receptors in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Leptin, as well as sPLA2-IIA, increased growth and migration in these cells, through activation/phosphorylation of key proteins of survival cascades. Leptin, at concentrations with minimal or no activating effects on astrocytoma cells, enhanced growth and migration promoted by low doses of sPLA2-IIA. sPLA2-IIA alone induced a transient phosphorylation pattern in the Src/ERK/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/rS6 pathway through EGFR transactivation, and co-addition of leptin resulted in a sustained phosphorylation of these signaling regulators. Mechanistically, EGFR transactivation and tyrosine- and serine/threonine-protein phosphatases revealed a key role in this leptin-sPLA2-IIA cross-talk. This cooperative partnership between both proteins was also found in primary astrocytes. These findings thus indicate that the adipokine leptin, by increasing the susceptibility of cells to inflammatory mediators, could contribute to worsen the prognosis of tumoral and neurodegenerative processes, being a potential mediator of some obesity-related medical complications.
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Proudfoot AEI, Uguccioni M. Modulation of Chemokine Responses: Synergy and Cooperativity. Front Immunol 2016; 7:183. [PMID: 27242790 PMCID: PMC4871875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine biology is mediated by more complex interactions than simple monomolecular ligand–receptor interactions, as chemokines can form higher order quaternary structures, which can also be formed after binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on endothelial cells, and their receptors are found as dimers and/or oligomers at the cell surface. Due to the complexity of the chemokine binding and signaling system, several mechanisms have been proposed to provide an explanation for the synergy observed between chemokines in leukocyte migration. Pioneering studies on interactions between different chemokines have revealed that they can act as antagonists, or synergize with other chemokines. The synergism can occur at different levels, involving either two chemokine receptors triggered simultaneously or sequentially exposed to their agonists, or the activation of one type of chemokine receptor triggered by chemokine heterocomplexes. In addition to the several chemokines that, by forming a heterocomplex with chemokine receptor agonists, act as enhancers of molecules of the same family, we have recently identified HMGB1, an endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecule, as an enhancer of the activity of CXCL12. It is now evident that synergism between chemokines is crucial at the very early stage of inflammation. In addition, the low-affinity interaction with GAGs has recently been shown to induce cooperativity allowing synergy or inhibition of activity by displacement of other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Laboratory of Chemokines in Immunity, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana , Bellinzona , Switzerland
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13
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Gouwy M, De Buck M, Pörtner N, Opdenakker G, Proost P, Struyf S, Van Damme J. Serum amyloid A chemoattracts immature dendritic cells and indirectly provokes monocyte chemotaxis by induction of cooperating CC and CXC chemokines. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:101-12. [PMID: 25345597 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein that is upregulated in inflammatory diseases and chemoattracts monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes via its G protein-coupled receptor formyl peptide receptor like 1/formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPRL1/FPR2). Here, we demonstrated that the SAA1α isoform also chemoattracts monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the Boyden and μ-slide chemotaxis assay and that its chemotactic activity for monocytes and DCs was indirectly mediated via rapid chemokine induction. Indeed, SAA1 induced significant amounts (≥5 ng/mL) of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/CC chemokine ligand 3 (MIP-1α/CCL3) and interleukin-8/CXC chemokine ligand 8 (IL-8/CXCL8) in monocytes and DCs in a dose-dependent manner within 3 h. However, SAA1 also directly activated monocytes and DCs for signaling and chemotaxis without chemokine interference. SAA1-induced monocyte migration was nevertheless significantly prevented (60-80% inhibition) in the constant presence of desensitizing exogenous MIP-1α/CCL3, neutralizing anti-MIP-1α/CCL3 antibody, or a combination of CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and CCR5 antagonists, indicating that this endogenously produced CC chemokine was indirectly contributing to SAA1-mediated chemotaxis. Further, anti-IL-8/CXCL8 antibody neutralized SAA1-induced monocyte migration, suggesting that endogenous IL-8/CXCL8 acted in concert with MIP-1α/CCL3. This explained why SAA1 failed to synergize with exogenously added MIP-1α/CCL3 or stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCL12 in monocyte and DC chemotaxis. In addition to direct leukocyte activation, SAA1 induces a chemotactic cascade mediated by expression of cooperating chemokines to prolong leukocyte recruitment to the inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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De Buck M, Gouwy M, Proost P, Struyf S, Van Damme J. Identification and characterization of MIP-1α/CCL3 isoform 2 from bovine serum as a potent monocyte/dendritic cell chemoattractant. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:789-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Kessler KL, Olson KC, Wright CL, Austin KJ, McInnerney K, Johnson PS, Cockrum RR, Jons AM, Cammack KM. Effects of high-sulphur water on hepatic gene expression of steers fed fibre-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:838-45. [PMID: 22853431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulphur-induced polioencephalomalacia (sPEM), a neurological disorder affecting ruminants, is frequently associated with the consumption of high-sulphur (S) water and subsequent poor performance. Currently, there is no economical method for S removal from surface water sources, and alternative water sources are typically neither readily available nor cost-effective. Determination of genes differentially expressed in response to high-S water consumption may provide a better understanding of the physiology corresponding to high dietary S and ultimately lead to the development of treatment and prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression in the liver, an organ important for S metabolism, of fibre-fed steers consuming high-S water. For this study, liver tissues were collected on the final day of a trial from yearling steers randomly assigned to low-S water control (566 mg/kg SO4 ; n = 24), high-S water (3651 mg/kg SO4 ; n = 24) or high-S water plus clinoptilolite supplemented at either 2.5% (n = 24) or 5.0% (n = 24) of diet dry matter (DM). Microarray analyses on randomly selected healthy low-S control (n = 4) and high-S (n = 4; no clinoptilolite) steers using the Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Array revealed 488 genes upregulated (p < 0.05) and 154 genes downregulated (p < 0.05) in response to the high- vs. low-S water consumption. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation (p < 0.10) of seven genes involved in inflammatory response and immune functions. Changes in such genes suggest that ruminant animals administered high-S water may be undergoing an inflammation or immune response, even if signs of sPEM or compromised health are not readily observed. Further study of these, and other affected genes, may deliver new insights into the physiology underlying the response to high dietary S, ultimately leading to the development of treatments for high S-affected ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kessler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - C L Wright
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K J Austin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K McInnerney
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - P S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - R R Cockrum
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A M Jons
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K M Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Gouwy M, Schiraldi M, Struyf S, Van Damme J, Uguccioni M. Possible mechanisms involved in chemokine synergy fine tuning the inflammatory response. Immunol Lett 2012; 145:10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Heine SJ, Olive D, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Bukrinsky MI, Constant SL. Cyclophilin A cooperates with MIP-2 to augment neutrophil migration. J Inflamm Res 2011; 4:93-104. [PMID: 22096373 PMCID: PMC3218749 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s20733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines contribute to inflammatory responses by inducing leukocyte migration and extravasation. In addition, chemoattractants other than classical chemokines can also be present. Many chemokines have been demonstrated to cooperate, leading to an augmentation in leukocyte recruitment and providing a potential role for the presence of multiple chemoattractants. Extracellular cyclophilins are a group of alternative chemotactic factors, which can be highly elevated during various inflammatory responses and, as we have previously shown, can contribute significantly to neutrophil recruitment in an animal model of acute lung inflammation. In the current studies we investigated whether the most abundant extracellular cyclophilin, CypA, has the capacity to function in partnership with 2 classical chemokines known to be secreted in the same model, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2/CXCL2 and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)/CXCL1. Methods Neutrophil migration in response to combinations of CypA and MIP-2 or CypA and KC was measured by in vitro chemotaxis assays. Biochemical responses of neutrophils incubated with the combinations of chemoattractants were determined by changes in chemokine receptor internalization and actin polymerization measured by flow cytometry, and changes in intracellular calcium mobilization measured with a calcium sensitive fluorochrome. Results A combination of CypA and MIP-2, but not KC, augmented neutrophil migration. Based on the level of augmentation, the cooperation between CypA and MIP-2 appeared to be synergistic. Evidence that CypA and MIP-2 cooperate at the biochemical level was demonstrated by increases in receptor internalization, calcium mobilization, and actin polymerization. Conclusion These findings provide evidence for the capacity of extracellular cyclophilins to interact with classical chemokines, resulting in greater and more efficient leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Heine
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Widdison S, Coffey TJ. Cattle and chemokines: evidence for species-specific evolution of the bovine chemokine system. Anim Genet 2011; 42:341-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Nesmelova IV, Sham Y, Gao J, Mayo KH. CXC and CC chemokines form mixed heterodimers: association free energies from molecular dynamics simulations and experimental correlations. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24155-66. [PMID: 18550532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803308200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC and CC chemokines are involved in numerous biological processes, and their function in situ may be significantly influenced by heterodimer formation, as was recently reported, for example, for CXC chemokines CXCL4/PF4 and CXCL8/IL8 that interact to form heterodimers that modulate chemotactic and cell proliferation activities. Here we used molecular dynamics simulations to determine relative association free energies (overall average and per residue) for homo- and heterodimer pairs of CXC (CXCL4/PF4, CXCL8/IL8, CXCL1/Gro-alpha, and CXCL7/NAP-2) and CC (CCL5/RANTES, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL8/MCP-2) chemokines. Even though structural homology among monomer folds of all CXC and CC chemokines permits heterodimer assembly, our calculated association free energies depend upon the particular pair of chemokines in terms of the net electrostatic and nonelectrostatic forces involved, as well as (for CC/CXC mixed chemokines) the selection of dimer type (CC or CXC). These relative free energies indicate that association of some pairs of chemokines is more favorable than others. Our approach is validated by correlation of calculated and experimentally determined free energies. Results are discussed in terms of CXC and CC chemokine function and have significant biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Gouwy M, Struyf S, Noppen S, Schutyser E, Springael JY, Parmentier M, Proost P, Van Damme J. Synergy between coproduced CC and CXC chemokines in monocyte chemotaxis through receptor-mediated events. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:485-95. [PMID: 18469140 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CC and CXC chemokines coinduced in fibroblasts and leukocytes by cytokines and microbial agents determine the number of phagocytes infiltrating into inflamed tissues. Interleukin-8/CXCL8 and stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 significantly and dose-dependently increased the migration of monocytes, expressing the corresponding CXC chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4, toward suboptimal concentrations of the monocyte chemotactic proteins CCL2 or CCL7. These findings were confirmed using different chemotaxis assays and monocytic THP-1 cells. In contrast, the combination of two CC chemokines (CCL2 plus CCL7) or two CXC chemokines (CXCL8 plus CXCL12) did not provide synergy in monocyte chemotaxis. These data show that chemokines competing for related receptors and using similar signaling pathways do not synergize. Receptor heterodimerization is probably not essential for chemokine synergy as shown in CXCR4/CCR2 cotransfectants. It is noteworthy that CCL2 mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and calcium mobilization was significantly enhanced by CXCL8 in monocytes, indicating cooperative downstream signaling pathways during enhanced chemotaxis. Moreover, in contrast to intact CXCL12, truncated CXCL12(3-68), which has impaired receptor signaling capacity but can still desensitize CXCR4, was unable to synergize with CCL2 in monocytic cell migration. Furthermore, AMD3100 and RS102895, specific CXCR4 and CCR2 inhibitors, respectively, reduced the synergistic effect between CCL2 and CXCL12 significantly. These data indicate that for synergistic interaction between chemokines binding and signaling of the two chemokines via their proper receptors is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Gouwy M, Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J. Synergy in cytokine and chemokine networks amplifies the inflammatory response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16:561-80. [PMID: 16023396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a highly co-ordinated process involving multiple factors acting in a complex network as stimulators or inhibitors. Upon infection, the sequential release of exogenous agents (e.g. bacterial and viral products) and induction of endogenous mediators (e.g. cytokines and chemokines) contribute to the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the inflamed tissue. Microbial products trigger multiple cell types to release cytokines, which in turn are potent inducers of chemokines. Primary cytokines act as endogenous activators of the immune response, whereas inducible chemokines act as secondary mediators to attract leukocytes. Interaction between exogenous and endogenous mediators thus enhances the inflammatory response. In this review, the synergistic interaction between cytokines to induce chemokine production and the molecular mechanisms of the cooperation amongst co-induced chemokines to further increase leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Struyf S, Gouwy M, Dillen C, Proost P, Opdenakker G, Van Damme J. Chemokines synergize in the recruitment of circulating neutrophils into inflamed tissue. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1583-91. [PMID: 15827963 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response against micro-organisms is mediated by phagocytes, attracted by chemokines and other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands. Originally, we observed increased neutrophil migration by the interaction of inflammatory CXC chemokines such as IL-8/CXCL8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2/CXCL6 with regakine-1, a CC chemokine constitutively present in plasma. We here demonstrate statistically significant synergy between regakine-1 and the neutrophil attractants C5a or IL-8/CXCL8 in inducing neutrophil shape change and migration under agarose. In addition, regakine-1 attracted human bone marrow granulocytes and enhanced their chemotactic response to IL-8/CXCL8 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, plasma chemokines may regulate the number of circulating leukocytes under homeostatic conditions and may facilitate extra recruitment of bone marrow neutrophils during inflammation. Indeed, in vivo, regakine-1 provoked a mild neutrophilia in rabbits upon intravenous injection. We also observed that the CC chemokines regakine-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3/CCL7 as well as the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha/CXCL12 co-operated with murine GCP-2 after intraperitoneal co-administration to increase neutrophil influx in mice. These data demonstrate that inducible and constitutive GPCR ligands synergize to enhance inflammation and facilitate a more effective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Gijsbers K, Gouwy M, Struyf S, Wuyts A, Proost P, Opdenakker G, Penninckx F, Ectors N, Geboes K, Van Damme J. GCP-2/CXCL6 synergizes with other endothelial cell-derived chemokines in neutrophil mobilization and is associated with angiogenesis in gastrointestinal tumors. Exp Cell Res 2005; 303:331-42. [PMID: 15652347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The precise role of chemokines in neovascularization during inflammation or tumor growth is not yet fully understood. We show here that the chemokines granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2/CXCL6), interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) are co-induced in microvascular endothelial cells after stimulation with pro-inflammatory stimuli. In contrast with its weak proliferative effect on endothelial cells, GCP-2 synergized with MCP-1 in neutrophil chemotaxis. This synergy may represent a mechanism for tumor development and metastasis by providing efficient leukocyte infiltration in the absence of exogenous immune modulators. To mimic endothelial cell-derived GCP-2 in vivo, GCP-2 was intravenously injected and shown to provoke a dose-dependent systemic response, composed of an immediate granulopenia, followed by a profound granulocytosis. By immunohistochemistry, GCP-2 was further shown to be expressed by endothelial cells from human patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. GCP-2 staining correlated with leukocyte infiltration into the tumor and with the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9/gelatinase B). Together with previous findings, these data suggest that the production of GCP-2 by endothelial cells within the tumor can contribute to tumor development through neovascularization due to endothelial cell chemotaxis and to tumor cell invasion and metastasis by attracting and activating neutrophils loaded with proteases that promote matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Gijsbers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gouwy M, Struyf S, Catusse J, Proost P, Van Damme J. Synergy between proinflammatory ligands of G protein-coupled receptors in neutrophil activation and migration. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:185-94. [PMID: 15075362 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine dose and the time period during which the chemotactic gradient is established determine the number of leukocytes that infiltrate inflamed tissues. At suboptimal chemokine concentrations, neutrophils may require a priming agent or a second stimulus for full activation. An interesting mode of cooperative action to reach maximal migration is synergy between chemokines. This was first observed between the plasma CC chemokine regakine-1 and the tissue CXC chemokine ligand interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) in neutrophil chemotaxis. Addition of antibodies against IL-8 or regakine-1 in the Boyden microchamber assay abrogated this synergy. Other CC chemokines, such as CC chemokine ligand-2 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), MCP-2 (CCL8), and MCP-3 (CCL7) as well as the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) agonist stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha/CXCL12), also dose-dependently enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis toward a suboptimal concentration of IL-8. These chemokines synergized equally well with the anaphylatoxin C5a in neutrophil chemotaxis. Alternatively, IL-8 and C5a did not synergize with an inactive precursor form of CXCL7, connective tissue-activating peptide-III/CXCL7, or the chemoattractant neutrophil-activating peptide-2/CXCL7. In the chemotaxis assay under agarose, MCP-3 dose-dependently increased the migration distance of neutrophils toward IL-8. In addition, the combination of IL-8 and MCP-3 resulted in enhanced neutrophil shape change. AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 inhibitor, reduced the synergistic effect between SDF-1alpha and IL-8 significantly. SDF-1alpha, but not MCP-1, synergized with IL-8 in chemotaxis with CXCR1-transfected, CXCR4-positive Jurkat cells. Thus, proinflammatory chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), coinduced during infection in the tissue, synergize with each other or with constitutive chemokines (regakine-1, SDF-1alpha) to enhance the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Gouwy
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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