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Montero V, Montana M, Khoumeri O, Correard F, Estève MA, Vanelle P. Synthesis, In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity, and In Silico Evaluation of Novel Oxiranyl-Quinoxaline Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070781. [PMID: 35890083 PMCID: PMC9319868 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The quinoxaline core is a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Multiple quinoxaline derivatives, such as the topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor XK-469 and the tissue transglutaminase 2 inhibitor GK-13, have been evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Previous work reported that quinoxaline derivatives bearing an oxirane ring present antiproliferative properties against neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-SH and IMR-32. Likewise, quinoxalines with an arylethynyl group displayed promising antineoplastic properties against glioblastoma and lung cancer cell lines, U87-MG and A549 respectively. Here, 40 new quinoxaline derivatives bearing an oxirane ring were synthesized using a tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) strategy and a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Each reaction with TDAE furnished a pair of diastereoisomers cis and trans. These new compounds formed two series according to the substitution of position 2 on the quinoxaline core, with chlorine or phenylacetylene respectively. Each of these isomers was evaluated for antiproliferative activity against neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-SH and IMR-32 by MTT assay. All cell viability assay results were analyzed using R programming, as well as a statistical comparison between groups of compounds. Our evaluation showed no difference in drug sensitivity between the two neuroblastoma cell lines. Moreover, trans derivatives were observed to display better activities than cis derivatives, leading us to conclude that stereochemistry plays an important role in the antiproliferative activity of these compounds. Further support for this hypothesis is provided by the lack of improvement in antineoplastic activity following the addition of the phenylacetylene moiety, probably due to steric hindrance. As a result, compounds with nitrofuran substituents from the TDAE series demonstrated the highest antiproliferative activity with IC50 = 2.49 ± 1.33 μM and IC50 = 3.96 ± 2.03 μM for compound 11a and IC50 = 5.3 ± 2.12 μM and IC50 = 7.12 ± 1.59 μM for compound 11b against SK-N-SH and IMR-32, respectively. Furthermore, an in silico study was carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of our lead compounds and predict their pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Montero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (V.M.); (M.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Marc Montana
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (V.M.); (M.M.); (O.K.)
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Oncopharma, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Omar Khoumeri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (V.M.); (M.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Florian Correard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (F.C.); (M.-A.E.)
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Anne Estève
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (F.C.); (M.-A.E.)
- APHM, Hôpital Timone, Service Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (V.M.); (M.M.); (O.K.)
- APHM, Hôpital Conception, Service Central de la Qualité et de l’Information Pharmaceutiques, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-83-55-80
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2
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Li B, Chen C, Jia J, He L. Research progress on antineoplastic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of seven-membered heterocyclic derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5076-5096. [PMID: 35345989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Seven-membered heterocyclic compounds are important drug scaffolds, because of their unique chemical structures. They widely exist in natural products and show a variety of biological activities. They have commonly been used in central nervous system drugs in the past 30 years. In the past decade, there are many studies on the activities of antitumor, antibacterial, etc. Herein, we summarize the research advances in different kinds of seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms with antitumor, antisepsis, and anti-inflammation activities in the past ten years, which is expected to be beneficial to the development and design of novel drugs for the corresponding indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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DNA interaction, anticancer, antibacterial, ROS and lipid peroxidation studies of quinoxaline based organometallic Re(I) carbonyls. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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4
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Tamuli KJ, Nath S, Bordoloi M. In water organic synthesis: Introducing itaconic acid as a recyclable acidic promoter for efficient and scalable synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at room temperature. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap J. Tamuli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Shyamalendu Nath
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
- Department of Chemistry Assam University Silchar India
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5
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Chemistry and pharmacological diversity of quinoxaline motifs as anticancer agents. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:177-196. [PMID: 31259731 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surpassing heart diseases, cancer is taking the lead as the deadliest disease because of its fast rate of spreading in all parts of the world. Tireless commitment to searching for novel therapeutic medicines is a worthwhile adventure in synthetic chemistry because of the drug resistance predicament and regular outbreak of new diseases due to abnormal cell growth and proliferation. Medicinal chemistry researchers and pharmacists have unveiled quinoxaline templates as precursors of importance and valuable intermediates in drug discovery because they have been established to possess diverse pharmacological potentials. Hence, this review highlights the current versatile routes to accessing functionalized quinoxaline motifs and harnessing their documented therapeutic potentials for anticancer drug development.
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Kaushal T, Srivastava G, Sharma A, Singh Negi A. An insight into medicinal chemistry of anticancer quinoxalines. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:16-35. [PMID: 30502116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxalines are benzopyrazines containing benzene and pyrazine rings fused together. In the recent past, quinoxalines have attracted Medicinal Chemists considerably for their syntheses and chemistry due to their distinct pharmacological activities. Diverse synthetic protocols have been developed via multicomponent reactions, single pot synthesis and combinatorial approach using efficient catalysts, reagents, and nano-composites etc. Further, the versatility of the quinoxaline core and its reasonable chemical simplicity devise it extremely promising source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, a wide variety of bioactive quinoxalines has been realised as antitumour, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral agents. Already, a few of them are clinical drugs while many more are under various phases of clinical trials. Present review focuses on chemistry and pharmacology (both efficacy and safety) of quinoxalines and also provides some insight in to their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Kaushal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Gaurava Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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7
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Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and anti-proliferative evaluation of novel quinoxaline derivatives as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:117-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Fakharian M, Keivanloo A, Nabid MR. Rapid Synthesis of 2-Alkanol-substituted Pyrrolo[2,3- b
]quinoxalines from Propargylic Alcohols via
Copper-free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Fakharian
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahrood University of Technology; Shahrood 36199-95161 Iran
| | - Ali Keivanloo
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahrood University of Technology; Shahrood 36199-95161 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nabid
- Department of Chemistry and Petroleum Faculty of Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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9
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Daragahi SAH, Mohebat R, Mosslemin MH. Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Quinoxalines by Brönsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Supported on Nano-SiO2 under Solvent-Free Conditions. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1462056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Mohebat
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
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Rejmund M, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Malarz K, Pyrkosz-Bulska M, Gajcy K, Sajewicz M, Musiol R, Polanski J. Piperazinyl fragment improves anticancer activity of Triapine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188767. [PMID: 29652894 PMCID: PMC5898707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of TSCs containing piperazine (piperazinylogs) of Triapine, was designed to fulfill the di-substitution pattern at the TSCs N4 position, which is a crucial prerequisite for the high activity of the previously obtained TSC compounds–DpC and Dp44mT. We tested the important physicochemical characteristics of the novel compounds L1-L12. The studied ligands are neutral at physiological pH, which allows them to permeate cell membranes and bind cellular Fe pools more readily than less lipid-soluble ligands, e.g. DFO. The selectivity and anti-cancer activity of the novel TSCs were examined in a variety of cancer cell types. In general, the novel compounds demonstrated the greatest promise as anti-cancer agents with both a potent and selective anti-proliferative activity. We investigated the mechanism of action more deeply, and revealed that studied compounds inhibit the cell cycle (G1/S phase). Additionally we detected apoptosis, which is dependent on cell line’s specific genetic profile. Accordingly, structure-activity relationship studies suggest that the combination of the piperazine ring with Triapine allows potent and selective anticancer chelators that warrant further in vivo examination to be identified. Significantly, this study proved the importance of the di-substitution pattern of the amine N4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rejmund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Gajcy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Polanski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Green synthesis of novel quinoxaline sulfonamides with antibacterial activity. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Shiva Kumar K, Siddi Ramulu M, Rajesham B, Kumar NP, Voora V, Kancha RK. FeCl3 catalysed 7-membered ring formation in a single pot: a new route to indole-fused oxepines/azepines and their cytotoxic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4468-4476. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
FeCl3 catalysed construction of 7 membered ring, oxepine and azepine derivatives by the reaction of 2,3-dichloro N-heterocycles with 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)phenol/aniline. Several of these compounds were found anti-proliferative properties against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | | | | | | | - Vani Voora
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory
- CPMB
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory
- CPMB
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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13
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Hajri M, Esteve MA, Khoumeri O, Abderrahim R, Terme T, Montana M, Vanelle P. Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro antiproliferative activity of new ethyl 3-(arylethynyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxylate and pyrido[4,3-b]quinoxalin-1(2H)-one derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:959-966. [PMID: 27770736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel series of quinoxaline derivatives from which agents with antiproliferative activity have been identified. Two ethyl 3-(arylethynyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxylates demonstrated substantial antiproliferative activity against both human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) and glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell lines. Pyrido[4,3-b]quinoxalin-1(2H)-ones demonstrated poor activity against A549 and U87-MG cell lines. Three of the derivatives in ethyl 3-(arylethynyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxylate series demonstrated substantial antiproliferative activity. The arylethynyl derivative 2a and 2d proved to be the most cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 3.3 μM for both A549 and U87-MG cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Hajri
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Physics of Lamellaires Materials and Hybrids Nanomaterials, Zarzouna 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Anne Esteve
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2, UMR_S911, 13385 Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Omar Khoumeri
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Raoudha Abderrahim
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Physics of Lamellaires Materials and Hybrids Nanomaterials, Zarzouna 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Terme
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Montana
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR, UMR 7273, Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France.
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14
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Kost GC, Yang MY, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu CY, Kim DJ, Ahn CH, Lee YB, Liu ZR. A Novel Anti-Cancer Agent, 1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(6-Fluoro-2-Methoxyquinoxalin-3-yl)Aminocarbonyl] Piperazine (RX-5902), Interferes With β-Catenin Function Through Y593 Phospho-p68 RNA Helicase. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1595-601. [PMID: 25649741 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(6-fluoro-2-methoxyquinoxalin-3-yl)aminocarbonyl] piperazine (RX-5902) exhibits strong growth inhibition in various human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 10 and 20 nM. In this study, we demonstrate that p68 RNA helicase is a cellular target of RX-5902 by the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) method, and confirmed the direct binding of (3) H-labeled RX-5902 to Y593 phospho-p68 RNA helicase. We further demonstrated RX-5902 inhibited the β-catenin dependent ATPase activity of p68 RNA helicase in an in vitro system. Furthermore, we showed that treatment of cancer cells with RX-5902 resulted in the downregulation of the expression of certain genes, which are known to be regulated by the β-catenin pathway, such as c-Myc, cyclin D1 and p-c-Jun. Therefore, our study indicates that the inhibition of Y593 phospho-p68 helicase - β-catenin interaction by direct binding of RX-5902 to Y593 phospho-p68 RNA helicase may contribute to the anti-cancer activity of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chun Kost
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Mi Young Yang
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Liangwei Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Yinwei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Chia-Yi Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Deog Joong Kim
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Chang-Ho Ahn
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Zhi-Ren Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
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15
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Olasunkanmi LO, Obot IB, Ebenso EE. Adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of N-{n-[1-R-5-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]phenyl}methanesulfonamides on mild steel in 1 M HCl: experimental and theoretical studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental corrosion inhibition properties were supported by detailed theoretical studies that revealed the dependence of protection efficiency on proton affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman O. Olasunkanmi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology
- North-West University (Mafikeng Campus)
- Mmabatho 2735
| | - Ime B. Obot
- Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion
- Research Institute
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology
- North-West University (Mafikeng Campus)
- Mmabatho 2735
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16
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Kumar KS, Meesa SR, Rajesham B, Bhasker B, Ashfaq MA, Khan AA, Rao SS, Pal M. AlCl3-mediated heteroarylation-cyclization strategy: one-pot synthesis of fused quinoxalines containing the central core of Lamellarin D. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrano[3,4-b]indole fused quinoxalines were synthesized via an AlCl3-mediated heteroarylation-cyclization method as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Shiva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Osmania University
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | | | | | | | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine
- CLRD Deccan Colleges of Medical Sciences
- Hyderabad-500 058
- India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine
- CLRD Deccan Colleges of Medical Sciences
- Hyderabad-500 058
- India
| | | | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- Hyderabad Central University
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
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17
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Issa DAE, Habib NS, Abdel Wahab AE. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazolo and 1,2,4-triazino[4,3-a]quinoxalines as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compound 9a showed dual anticancer and antimicrobial activity and compound 16 showed a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A. E. Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Alexandria
- Alexandria
- Egypt
| | - Nargues S. Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Alexandria
- Alexandria
- Egypt
| | - Abeer E. Abdel Wahab
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI)
- City for Scientific Research and Technology Application
- Alexandria
- Egypt
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18
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Serda M, Kalinowski DS, Rasko N, Potůčková E, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Musiol R, Małecki JG, Sajewicz M, Ratuszna A, Muchowicz A, Gołąb J, Šimůnek T, Richardson DR, Polanski J. Exploring the anti-cancer activity of novel thiosemicarbazones generated through the combination of retro-fragments: dissection of critical structure-activity relationships. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110291. [PMID: 25329549 PMCID: PMC4199632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are an interesting class of ligands that show a diverse range of biological activity, including anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated the potent in vivo anti-tumor activity of novel TSCs and their ability to overcome resistance to clinically used chemotherapeutics. In the current study, 35 novel TSCs of 6 different classes were designed using a combination of retro-fragments that appear in other TSCs. Additionally, di-substitution at the terminal N4 atom, which was previously identified to be critical for potent anti-cancer activity, was preserved through the incorporation of an N4-based piperazine or morpholine ring. The anti-proliferative activity of the novel TSCs were examined in a variety of cancer and normal cell-types. In particular, compounds 1d and 3c demonstrated the greatest promise as anti-cancer agents with potent and selective anti-proliferative activity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the chelators that utilized “soft” donor atoms, such as nitrogen and sulfur, resulted in potent anti-cancer activity. Indeed, the N,N,S donor atom set was crucial for the formation of redox active iron complexes that were able to mediate the oxidation of ascorbate. This further highlights the important role of reactive oxygen species generation in mediating potent anti-cancer activity. Significantly, this study identified the potent and selective anti-cancer activity of 1d and 3c that warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathalie Rasko
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eliška Potůčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Interdisciplinary Centre for Education and Research, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Jan G. Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Ratuszna
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Interdisciplinary Centre for Education and Research, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Jakub Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (JP); (DRR)
| | - Jaroslaw Polanski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
- * E-mail: (JP); (DRR)
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19
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Galal SA, Khairat SH, Ragab FA, Abdelsamie AS, Ali MM, Soliman SM, Mortier J, Wolber G, El Diwani HI. Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones as anti-tumor active agents with inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor and studying their cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Azuaje J, El Maatougui A, García-Mera X, Sotelo E. Ugi-based approaches to quinoxaline libraries. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:403-11. [PMID: 24800648 DOI: 10.1021/co500036n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An expedient and concise Ugi-based unified approach for the rapid assembly of quinoxaline frameworks has been developed. This convergent and versatile method uses readily available commercial reagents, does not require advanced intermediates, and exhibits excellent bond-forming efficiency, thus exemplifying the operationally simple synthesis of quinoxaline libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonny Azuaje
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center for Research in Biological
Chemistry and Molecular Materials
(CIQUS), ‡Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, and §Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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21
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Edayadulla N, Lee YR. Cerium oxide nanoparticle-catalyzed three-component protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted novel quinoxalin-2-amine derivatives and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amines in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Keivanloo A, Bakherad M, Rahmani M, Rahimi A. Novel one-pot access to 2-formyl/acetyl-1-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines under Sonogashira reaction conditions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Prasad B, Shiva Kumar K, Vijaya Babu P, Anusha K, Rambabu D, Kandale A, Vanaja G, Kalle AM, Pal M. AlCl3 induced C–N bond formation followed by Pd/C–Cu mediated coupling–cyclization strategy: synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines as anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Kumar KS, Rambabu D, Prasad B, Mujahid M, Krishna GR, Rao MVB, Reddy CM, Vanaja GR, Kalle AM, Pal M. A new approach to construct a fused 2-ylidene chromene ring: highly regioselective synthesis of novel chromeno quinoxalines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4774-81. [PMID: 22588576 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective construction of a fused 2-ylidene chromene ring was achieved for the first time by using AlCl(3)-induced C-C bond formation followed by Pd/C-Cu mediate coupling-cyclization strategy. A number of chromeno[4,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by using this strategy. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of a representative compound e.g. 6-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-4-methyl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinoxalin-3-ol confirmed the presence of an exocyclic C-C double bond with Z-geometry. The crystal structure analysis and hydrogen bonding patterns of the same compound along with its structure elaboration via propargylation followed by Sonogashira coupling of the resulting terminal alkyne is presented. A probable mechanism for the formation of 2-ylidene chromene ring is discussed. Some of the compounds synthesized showed anticancer properties when tested in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shiva Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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25
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Chei W, Ju H, Suh J. Peptide-cleaving agents for human islet amyloid polypeptide containing substrate recognition site based on quinoxaline: Cleavage efficiency enhanced by lowering substrate concentration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1533-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Lee YB, Gong YD, Kim DJ, Ahn CH, Kong JY, Kang NS. Synthesis, anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic analysis of 1-[(substituted 2-alkoxyquinoxalin-3-yl)aminocarbonyl]-4-(hetero)arylpiperazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1303-9. [PMID: 22226981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the anticancer activity of novel quinoxalinyl-piperazine compounds, 1-[(5 or 6-substituted alkoxyquinoxalinyl)aminocarbonyl]-4-(hetero)arylpiperazine derivatives published in Bioorg. Med. Chem.2010, 18, 7966, we further explored the synthesis of 7 or 8-substituted quinoxalinyl piperazine derivatives. From in vitro studies of the newly synthesized compounds using human cancer cell lines, we identified some of the 8-substituted compounds, for example 6p, 6q and 6r, which inhibited the proliferation of various human cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. Compound 6r, in particular, showed the lowest IC(50) values, ranging from 6.1 to 17nM, in inhibition of the growth of cancer cells, which is better than compound 6k (compound 25 in the reference cited above). In order to select and develop a leading compound among the quinoxaline compounds with substitutions on positions 5, 6, 7 or 8, the compounds comparable to compound 6k in in vitro cancer cell growth inhibition were chosen and their pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated in rats. In these studies, compound 6k showed the highest oral bioavailability of 83.4%, and compounds 6j and 6q followed, with 77.8% and 57.6%, respectively. From the results of in vitro growth inhibitory activities and the pharmacokinetic study, compound 6k is suggested for further development as an orally deliverable anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Lee
- Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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28
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Undevia SD, Innocenti F, Ramirez J, House L, Desai AA, Skoog LA, Singh DA, Karrison T, Kindler HL, Ratain MJ. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the quinoxaline antitumour Agent R(+)XK469 in patients with advanced solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1684-92. [PMID: 18650079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of R(+)XK469, a quinoxaline analogue, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumours. Preclinical studies suggested that efficacy was independent of schedule but that toxicity was decreased by dividing the dose. METHODS R(+)XK469 was initially administered as a 30 min intravenous infusion on days 1-5 of a 21-d cycle. Based on the demonstration of a long half-life, the dosing schedule was subsequently amended to infusion on days 1, 3 and 5 of a 21-d cycle. An alternate single-dose schedule of once every 21 d was also explored. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic studies. RESULTS Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was neutropaenia. There was significant interindividual variability in clearance as evidenced by a coefficient of variation of 46%. A flat-dosing scheme (not based on body surface area) was justified by the absence of correlation between clearance and body surface area. A partial response was observed in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The recommended phase II doses are 850-1100 mg/d on days 1, 3 and 5 of a 21-d cycle and 2500 mg on day 1 of a 21-d cycle. The observed interpatient pharmacokinetic variability should prompt investigation into the presence of genetic polymorphism in relevant metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir D Undevia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Adib M, Sheibani E, Abbasi A, Bijanzadeh HR. A novel, one-pot and three-component synthesis of α-quinoxalinyl triphenylphosphoranes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Makarevitch I, Somers DA. Association of Arabidopsis topoisomerase IIA cleavage sites with functional genomic elements and T-DNA loci. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 48:697-709. [PMID: 17092318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an essential ubiquitous enzyme involved in controlling DNA topology during multiple processes of genome function, and has been implicated in the generation of double-stranded breaks (DSB) in genomic DNA prior to DNA integration in plant genomes. Despite extensive characterization of type II topoisomerases from bacteria, viruses and animals, no studies on the specificity of plant Topo IIA-mediated DNA cleavage have been reported. We mapped and characterized Arabidopsis thaliana Topo IIA (AtTopoIIA) cleavage sites and demonstrated that they were cleaved in vivo. The consensus for the AtTopoIIA cleavage sites (ANNNRN downward arrowGTACNTNNNY) was significantly different from recognition sequences reported for Topo IIA from other organisms. The mapped cleavage sites were abundant in the Arabidopsis genome, exhibited a weak consensus, and were cleaved with relatively low efficiency. Use of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) protocol identified a single, efficiently cleaved sequence TATATATATGTATATATATA that was over-represented in the genome. The mapped AtTopoIIA cleavage sites and the SELEX sites differed in their genomic distribution and associations with gene regulatory elements, matrix attachment regions, stress-induced DNA duplex destabilization sequences and T-DNA loci, suggesting different genome functions. Mapped AtTopoIIA sites but not SELEX sites were strongly associated with T-DNA integration sites, providing evidence for the involvement of AtTopoIIA-mediated DSB formation in T-DNA integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Makarevitch
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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31
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Alousi AM, Boinpally R, Wiegand R, Parchment R, Gadgeel S, Heilbrun LK, Wozniak AJ, DeLuca P, LoRusso PM. A phase 1 trial of XK469: Toxicity profile of a selective topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor. Invest New Drugs 2006; 25:147-54. [PMID: 17103044 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-006-9024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE XK469, a member of the quinoxaline family of antitumor agents, is believed to be unique in its ability to selectively target topoisomerase IIbeta. Based on encouraging pre-clinical data, a phase I trial was conducted to determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). METHODS A 2B accelerated titration schema was employed. XK469 was administered as a 5 or 20 min IV infusion on days 1-5 every 21 days. The starting dose was 9 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetics (PK) were conducted in cycles 1-3. RESULTS 22 patients (21 evaluable, mean age: 56 years, median performance status: 1) were enrolled. At dose level 11 (260 mg/m(2)/daily X 5), 1/6 patients experienced a DLT of grade 4 neutropenia. At 346 mg/m(2)/daily X 5, 2/2 patients experienced DLT's with one episode of febrile neutropenia and one grade 3 infection. The MTD was identified as 260 mg/m(2)/day. XK469 peak plasma levels and systemic exposure were proportional to dose indicating linear pharmacokinetics. However, secondary peaks in the PK profiles and a rapid decline in drug level from 23 to 24 h occurred in some patients. Drug infusion in the afternoon followed by dense sampling of levels during the elimination phase supported the hypothesis that the drug was being sequestered. No anti-tumor activity was identified. CONCLUSIONS Traditional PK sampling designs were inadequate to describe XK469 disposition. XK469 and related structures work through a unique mechanism of action. A further understanding of the specific mechanism of these compounds might uncover a unique avenue for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin M Alousi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4th Floor HWCRC, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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32
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El-Hawash SAM, Wahab AEA. Synthesis andin vitro-Anticancer and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Novel Quinoxalines Derived from 3-Phenylquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2006; 339:437-47. [PMID: 16881038 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series derived from 3-phenylquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione 2 and 2-(hydrazinocarbonylmethylthio)-3-phenylquinoxaline 6 have been synthesized. Eight out of twenty six new compounds were selected at the National Cancer Institute for evaluation of their in vitro-anticancer activity. Among them, compounds 3b, 3c, 4b, and 4c displayed moderate to strong growth inhibition activity against most of the tested sub-panel tumor cell lines with GI(50) 10(-5) to 10(-6 )molar concentrations. Compound 4b exhibited a significant value of percent tumor growth inhibition against breast cancer at concentration < 10(-8) M. Compound 4c showed moderate selectivity towards leukemia cell lines with GI(50) of 1.8 to 3.8 microM (selectivity ratio = 5.7). Preliminary antimicrobial testing revealed that compounds 7a, 7b, 8a, 11a, and 11b were as active as ampicillin against B. subtilis (MIC = 12.5 microg/mL). Compounds 7b and 8a were also nearly as active as ampicillin against E. coli (MIC = 12.5 microg/mL). In addition, compounds 4a, 7b, 10b, and 11a were as active as ampicillin against P. aerugenosa (MIC = 50 microg/mL). However, compounds 7b, 8a, and 10b showed mild activity against C. albicans (MIC = 50 microg/mL). The values of minimum bactericidal concentrations indicated that compounds 4a and 7b were bactericidal against B. subtilis and P. aerugenosa, respectively, while compound 10b was bactericidal against both organisms. However, compound 11a was bactericidal against E. coli, P. aerugenosa, and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A M El-Hawash
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Application, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Reverter A, Ingham A, Lehnert SA, Tan SH, Wang Y, Ratnakumar A, Dalrymple BP. Simultaneous identification of differential gene expression and connectivity in inflammation, adipogenesis and cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 22:2396-404. [PMID: 16864591 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Biological differences between classes are reflected in transcriptional changes which in turn affect the levels by which essential genes are individually expressed and collectively connected. The purpose of this communication is to introduce an analytical procedure to simultaneously identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) as well as differentially connected (DC) in two or more classes of interest. RESULTS Our procedure is based on a two-step approach: First, mixed-model equations are applied to obtain the normalized expression levels of each gene in each class treatment. These normalized expressions form the basis to compute a measure of (possible) DE as well as the correlation structure existing among genes. Second, a two-component mixture of bi-variate distributions is fitted to identify the component that encapsulates those genes that are DE and/or DC. We demonstrate our approach using three distinct datasets including a human systemic inflammation oligonucleotide data; a spotted cDNA data dealing with bovine in vitro adipogenesis and SAGE database on cancerous and normal tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.
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34
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Athale CA, Christensen MO, Eils R, Boege F, Mielke C. Inferring a System Model of Subcellular Topoisomerase IIβ Localization Dynamics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2004; 8:167-75. [PMID: 15268774 DOI: 10.1089/1536231041388339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the mobility of proteins in living cells has become critical to many studies in cell biology and forms the basis for discussion on sub-cellular dynamics. Increasingly localization networks are being put together into compartment models to represent the exchange of molecules, represented mathematically as ordinary differential equations (ODE). The set-up is based on published literature, the "knowledge" of the investigator and 3D visualization of the data. Here we demonstrate this method on the example of a simple distribution model of the molecule Topoisomerase II beta (Topo II beta), nuclear protein that modifies DNA topology. It is found in high concentration in the nucleolus and diffuse in the nucleoplasm, demonstrating a non-membranous inhomogeneity in its distribution. We expand on the simple model by adding additional components to fit fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments for protein (GFP) labeled Topo II beta to measure its mobility. This model is then validated by comparing it with alternative scenarios and shown to have predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Athale
- Intelligent Bioinformatics Systems, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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