1
|
Krogman WL, Woodard T, McKay RSF. Anesthetic Mechanisms: Synergistic Interactions With Lipid Rafts and Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:92-106. [PMID: 37968836 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite successfully utilizing anesthetics for over 150 years, the mechanism of action remains relatively unknown. Recent studies have shown promising results, but due to the complex interactions between anesthetics and their targets, there remains a clear need for further mechanistic research. We know that lipophilicity is directly connected to anesthetic potency since lipid solubility relates to anesthetic partition into the membrane. However, clinically relevant concentrations of anesthetics do not significantly affect lipid bilayers but continue to influence various molecular targets. Lipid rafts are derived from liquid-ordered phases of the plasma membrane that contain increased concentrations of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and act as staging platforms for membrane proteins, including ion channels. Although anesthetics do not perturb membranes at clinically relevant concentrations, they have recently been shown to target lipid rafts. In this review, we summarize current research on how different types of anesthetics-local, inhalational, and intravenous-bind and affect both lipid rafts and voltage-gated sodium channels, one of their major targets, and how those effects synergize to cause anesthesia and analgesia. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated sodium channel pores while also disrupting lipid packing in ordered membranes. Inhalational anesthetics bind to the channel pore and the voltage-sensing domain while causing an increase in the number, size, and diameter of lipid rafts. Intravenous anesthetics bind to the channel primarily at the voltage-sensing domain and the selectivity filter, while causing lipid raft perturbation. These changes in lipid nanodomain structure possibly give proteins access to substrates that have translocated as a result of these structural alterations, resulting in lipid-driven anesthesia. Overall, anesthetics can impact channel activity either through direct interaction with the channel, indirectly through the lipid raft, or both. Together, these result in decreased sodium ion flux into the cell, disrupting action potentials and producing anesthetic effects. However, more research is needed to elucidate the indirect mechanisms associated with channel disruption through the lipid raft, as not much is known about anionic lipid products and their influence over voltage-gated sodium channels. Anesthetics' effect on S-palmitoylation, a promising mechanism for direct and indirect influence over voltage-gated sodium channels, is another auspicious avenue of research. Understanding the mechanisms of different types of anesthetics will allow anesthesiologists greater flexibility and more specificity when treating patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L Krogman
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita, Wichita, Kansas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiao B, Song X, Zhang N, Xu M, Zhuang B, Guo H, Wu W, Yang Z, Xie X, Luan Y, Zhang C. Artificial nano-red blood cells nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability for ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:798-810. [PMID: 36638944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain management would benefit significantly from an anesthetic that could take effect in an on-demand manner. An ultrasound would be an appropriate tool for such nanoplatform because it is widely used in clinical settings for ultrasound-guided anesthesia. Herein, we report a nanoplatform for postoperative on-demand pain management that can effectively enhance their analgesic time while providing ultrasonic imaging. Levobupivacaine and perfluoropentane were put into dendritic mesoporous silica and covered with red blood cell membranes to make the pain relief last longer in living organisms. The generated nanoplatform with gas-producing capability is ultrasonic responsive and can finely escape from the lysosomal in cells under ultrasound irradiation, maximizing the anesthetic effect with minimal toxicity. Using an incision pain model in vivo, levobupivacaine's sustained and controlled release gives pain reduction for approximately 3 days straight. The duration of pain relief is over 20 times greater than with a single injection of free levobupivacaine. Effective pain management was reached in vivo, and the pain reduction was enhanced by repeated ultrasonic irradiation. There was no detectable systemic or tissue injury under either of the treatments. Thus, our results suggest that nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability can provide a practical ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management strategy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: On-demand pain management is essential to postoperative patients. However, the traditional on-demand pain management strategy is hampered by the limited tissue penetration depth of near-infrared stimuli and the lack of proper imaging guidance. The proposed research is significant because it provides a nanoplatform for deep penetrated ultrasound controlled pain management under clinical applicable ultrasound imaging guidance. Moreover, the nanoplatform with prolonged retention time and lysosomal escape capability can provide long-term pain alleviation. Therefore, our results suggest that nanoplatform with lysosomal escape capability can provide an effective strategy for ultrasound imaging-guided on-demand pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xinye Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116011, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhuang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huanling Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhuyang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Yong Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116011, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen PP, Kado T, Prithviraj M, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Inositol acylation of phosphatidylinositol mannosides: a rapid mass response to membrane fluidization in mycobacteria. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100262. [PMID: 35952902 PMCID: PMC9490103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria share an unusually complex, multilayered cell envelope, which contributes to adaptation to changing environments. The plasma membrane is the deepest layer of the cell envelope and acts as the final permeability barrier against outside molecules. There is an obvious need to maintain the plasma membrane integrity, but the adaptive responses of the plasma membrane to stress exposure remain poorly understood. Using chemical treatment and heat stress to fluidize the membrane, we show here that phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored plasma membrane glycolipids known as PI mannosides (PIMs) are rapidly remodeled upon membrane fluidization in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Without membrane stress, PIMs are predominantly in a triacylated form: two acyl chains of the PI moiety plus one acyl chain modified at one of the mannose residues. Upon membrane fluidization, we determined the fourth fatty acid is added to the inositol moiety of PIMs, making them tetra-acylated variants. Additionally, we show that PIM inositol acylation is a rapid response independent of de novo protein synthesis, representing one of the fastest mass conversions of lipid molecules found in nature. Strikingly, we found that M. smegmatis is more resistant to the bactericidal effect of a cationic detergent after benzyl alcohol pre-exposure. We further demonstrate that fluidization-induced PIM inositol acylation is conserved in pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Our results demonstrate that mycobacteria possess a mechanism to sense plasma membrane fluidity change. We suggest that inositol acylation of PIMs is a novel membrane stress response that enables mycobacterial cells to resist membrane fluidization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vinyes D, Muñoz-Sellart M, Caballero TG. Local anesthetics as a therapeutic tool for post COVID-19 patients: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29358. [PMID: 35839020 PMCID: PMC11132361 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post COVID-19 syndrome (PC-19S) appears to be independent of acute illness severity and humoral response. The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), expressed by dysautonomia, has been hypothesized as a contributor. Several studies have associated the therapeutic effects of local anesthetics (LA) to their action on the ANS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of therapeutic injections with LA linked to clinical improvement in a patient with PC-19S. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES This was a 54-year-old-man with postCOVID-19 symptoms lasting 14 weeks, including fatigue, breathlessness, diarrhea, muscle pain, and emotional lability. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOME Injections of 0.5% procaine in the stellate ganglion (SG) and sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), and in clinically relevant points in the scalp, thorax, and abdomen were performed 3 times over 3 months. The patient reported progressive improvement and was asymptomatic upon completing the treatment. Prescribed medications were discontinued. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score showed significant improvement across all SF-36-domains. CONCLUSION Subanesthetic doses of LA injected in clinically relevant points led to rapid and complete symptom resolution in this patient with PC-19S. Targeted LA injections may have therapeutic benefits in PC-19S and in other chronic diseases linked to stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Vinyes
- Institute of Neural Therapy and Regulatory Medicine, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Neural Therapy Research Foundation, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Muñoz-Sellart
- Institute of Neural Therapy and Regulatory Medicine, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Neural Therapy Research Foundation, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa García Caballero
- Institute of Neural Therapy and Regulatory Medicine, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Neural Therapy Research Foundation, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng S, Kong L, Gee S, Im W. Molecular Condensate in a Membrane: A Tugging Game between Hydrophobicity and Polarity with Its Biological Significance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5955-5962. [PMID: 35503859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid self-organization and lipid-water interfaces have been an increasingly important topic positioned at the crossroads of physical chemistry and biology. Some neutral lipids can partition into the biomembrane and play an important biological role. In this study, we have used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to dissect the partition, aggregation, flip-flop, and modulation of neutral lipids including (i) menaquinone/menaquinol, (ii) ubiquinone/ubiquinol, and (iii) triacylglycerol. The partitioning of these molecules is driven by the balancing force between headgroup hydrophilicity and acyl chain hydrophobicity as well as the lipid shapes. We then discuss the emerging questions in this area, share our own perspectives, and mention the development of the CHARMM-GUI membrane modeling platform, which enables further computational investigations into those questions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Weinschenk S, Weiss C, Benrath J, von Baehr V, Strowitzki T, Feißt M. Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics of Local Anesthetics: Inhibition of TNF-α Secretion of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Leucocytes in Human Blood Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063283. [PMID: 35328706 PMCID: PMC8949497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Local anesthetics (LAs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammatory down-regulation is crucial in diseases with overactive immune reactions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic inflammation. We investigated the influence of four LAs, procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine, on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human leucocytes. Methods. Blood samples of 28 individuals were stimulated with LPS. The reduction of TNF-α production by each of the four LAs added (0.5 mg/mL) was measured and correlated with biometric variables. A response was defined as reduction to <85% of initial levels. Results. All four LAs down-regulated the TNF-α secretion in 44−61%: Bupivacaine (44.4%), lidocaine (61.5%), mepivacaine (44.4%), and procaine (50% of the individuals, “responders”). The TNF-α secretion was reduced to 67.4, 68.0, 63.6, and 67.1% of the initial values in responders. The effects in both patients and healthy persons were the same. Interindividual responses to LAs were not correlated with the duration or type of complaints, basal TNF-α serum level, sex, BMI, or age of responders. Conclusions. Four clinically relevant LAs (amid-LA and ester-LA) attenuate the inflammatory response provoked by LPS. They are potential candidates for drug repositioning in treating overactive immune reactions and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weinschenk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Justus Benrath
- Pain Clinic, Mannheim University Hospital, Faculty of Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Nicolaistraße 22, D-12247 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women’s Hospital, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Manuel Feißt
- Institute of Medical Biometry (IMBI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Therapie mit Lokalanästhetika in Endokrinologie und Gynäkologie. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-021-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|