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Noah TL, Worden CP, Rebuli ME, Jaspers I. The Effects of Wildfire Smoke on Asthma and Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:375-387. [PMID: 37171670 PMCID: PMC10176314 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent literature on the effects of wildfire smoke (WFS) exposure on asthma and allergic disease, and on potential mechanisms of disease. RECENT FINDINGS Spatiotemporal modeling and increased ground-level monitoring data are allowing a more detailed picture of the health effects of WFS exposure to emerge, especially with regard to asthma. There is also epidemiologic and some experimental evidence to suggest that WFS exposure increases allergic predisposition and upper airway or sinonasal disease, though much of the literature in this area is focused more generally on PM2.5 and is not specific for WFS. Experimental evidence for mechanisms includes disruption of epithelial integrity with downstream effects on inflammatory or immune pathways, but experimental models to date have not consistently reflected human disease in this area. Exposure to WFS has an acute detrimental effect on asthma. Potential mechanisms are suggested by in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 260 Macnider Building, 333 S. Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Cameron P Worden
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 260 Macnider Building, 333 S. Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 260 Macnider Building, 333 S. Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Memon TA, Sun L, Almestica-Roberts M, Deering-Rice CE, Moos PJ, Reilly CA. Inhibition of TRPA1, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Human Airway Epithelial Cell Damage, and Ectopic MUC5AC Expression by Vasaka ( Adhatoda vasica; Malabar Nut) Tea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:890. [PMID: 37375837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether a medicinal plant, Vasaka, typically consumed as a tea to treat respiratory malaise, could protect airway epithelial cells (AECs) from wood smoke particle-induced damage and prevent pathological mucus production. Wood/biomass smoke is a pneumotoxic air pollutant. Mucus normally protects the airways, but excessive production can obstruct airflow and cause respiratory distress. Vasaka tea pre- and co-treatment dose-dependently inhibited mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA induction by AECs treated with wood smoke particles. This correlated with transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) inhibition, an attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and AEC damage/death. Induction of mRNA for anterior gradient 2, an ER chaperone/disulfide isomerase required for MUC5AC production, and TRP vanilloid-3, a gene that suppresses ER stress and wood smoke particle-induced cell death, was also attenuated. Variable inhibition of TRPA1, ER stress, and MUC5AC mRNA induction was observed using selected chemicals identified in Vasaka tea including vasicine, vasicinone, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, 9-oxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME. Apigenin and 9,10-EpOME were the most cytoprotective and mucosuppressive. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA was also induced by Vasaka tea and wood smoke particles. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enhanced ER stress and MUC5AC mRNA expression, suggesting a possible role in producing protective oxylipins in stressed cells. The results provide mechanistic insights and support for the purported benefits of Vasaka tea in treating lung inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of further development as a preventative and/or restorative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Rapp E, Lu Z, Sun L, Serna SN, Almestica-Roberts M, Burrell KL, Nguyen ND, Deering-Rice CE, Reilly CA. Mechanisms and Consequences of Variable TRPA1 Expression by Airway Epithelial Cells: Effects of TRPV1 Genotype and Environmental Agonists on Cellular Responses to Pollutants in Vitro and Asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:27009. [PMID: 36847817 PMCID: PMC9969990 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 [transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1)] and vanilloid-1 [transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)] detect inhaled irritants, including air pollutants and have roles in the development and exacerbation of asthma. OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that increased expression of TRPA1, stemming from expression of the loss-of-function TRPV1 (I585V; rs8065080) polymorphic variant by airway epithelial cells may explain prior observations of worse asthma symptom control among children with the TRPV1 I585I/V genotype, by virtue of sensitizing epithelial cells to particulate materials and other TRPA1 agonists. METHODS TRP agonists, antagonists, small interfering RNA (siRNA), a nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway inhibitor, and kinase activators and inhibitors were used to modulate TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression and function. Treatment of genotyped airway epithelial cells with particulate materials and analysis of asthma control data were used to assess consequences of TRPV1 genotype and variable TRPA1 expression on cellular responses in vitro and asthma symptom control among children as a function of voluntarily reported tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS A relationship between higher TRPA1 expression and function and lower TRPV1 expression and function was revealed. Findings of this study pointed to a mechanism whereby NF-κB promoted TRPA1 expression, whereas NF-κB-regulated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 2 (NLRP2) limited expression. Roles for protein kinase C and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase were also demonstrated. Finally, the TRPV1 I585I/V genotype was associated with increased TRPA1 expression by primary airway epithelial cells and amplified responses to selected air pollution particles in vitro. However, the TRPV1 I585I/V genotype was not associated with worse asthma symptom control among children exposed to tobacco smoke, whereas other TRPA1 and TRPV1 variants were. DISCUSSION This study provides insights on how airway epithelial cells regulate TRPA1 expression, how TRPV1 genetics can affect TRPA1 expression, and that TRPA1 and TRPV1 polymorphisms differentially affect asthma symptom control. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samantha N. Serna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katherine L. Burrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nam D. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cassandra E. Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher A. Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010067. [PMID: 36611860 PMCID: PMC9818405 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards. Long-term biomass-smoke exposure is associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, chronic bronchitis, and other lung conditions. Biomass smoke-associated COPD differs from the best-known cigarette smoke-induced COPD in several aspects, such as a slower decline in lung function, greater airway involvement, and less emphysema, which suggests a different phenotype and pathophysiology. Despite the high burden of biomass-associated COPD, the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review describes the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in lung damage, the development of COPD associated with wood-derived smoke exposure, and the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of this disease.
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Maier M, Olthoff S, Hill K, Zosel C, Magauer T, Wein LA, Schaefer M. KS0365, a novel activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel, accelerates keratinocyte migration. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5290-5304. [PMID: 35916168 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ signalling mediated by the thermosensitive, non-selective, Ca2+ -permeable transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 is assumed to play a critical role in regulating several aspects of skin functions, such as keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, skin barrier formation and wound healing. Studying the function of TRPV3 in skin homeostasis, however, is still constrained by a lack of potent and selective pharmacological modulators of TRPV3. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH By screening an in-house compound library using fluorometric intracellular Ca2+ assays, we identified two chemically related hits. The more potent and efficient TRPV3 activator KS0365 was further evaluated in fluo-4-assisted Ca2+ assays, different Ca2+ imaging approaches, electrophysiological studies, cytotoxicity and migration assays. KEY RESULTS KS0365 activated recombinant and native mouse TRPV3 more potently and with a higher efficacy compared to 2-APB and did not activate TRPV1, TRPV2 or TRPV4 channels. The activation of TRPV3 by KS0365 super-additively accelerated the EGF-induced keratinocyte migration, which was inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red or by siRNA-mediated TRPV3 knockdown. Moreover, KS0365 induced strong Ca2+ responses in migrating front cells and in leading edges of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The selective TRPV3 activator KS0365 triggers increases in [Ca2+ ]i with most prominent signals in the leading edge, and accelerates migration of keratinocytes. TRPV3 activators may promote reepithelialization upon skin wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maier
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Olthoff
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Zosel
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Anton Wein
- Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
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