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Kawaguchi-Imada S, Sinmyo R, Ohta K, Kawaguchi S, Kobayashi T. Submillisecond in situ X-ray diffraction measurement system with changing temperature and pressure using diamond anvil cells at BL10XU/SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:343-354. [PMID: 38372672 PMCID: PMC10914164 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523010974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a high demand for elucidating kinetics and visualizing reaction processes under extreme dynamic conditions, such as chemical reactions under meteorite impact conditions, structural changes under nonequilibrium conditions, and in situ observations of dynamic changes. To accelerate material science studies and Earth science fields under dynamic conditions, a submillisecond in situ X-ray diffraction measurement system has been developed using a diamond anvil cell to observe reaction processes under rapidly changing pressure and temperature conditions replicating extreme dynamic conditions. The development and measurements were performed at the high-pressure beamline BL10XU/SPring-8 by synchronizing a high-speed hybrid pixel array detector, laser heating and temperature measurement system, and gas-pressure control system that enables remote and rapid pressure changes using the diamond anvil cell. The synchronized system enabled momentary heating and rapid cooling experiments up to 5000 K via laser heating as well as the visualization of structural changes in high-pressure samples under extreme dynamic conditions during high-speed pressure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kawaguchi-Imada
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sinmyo
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Ultrahigh-pressure disordered eight-coordinated phase of Mg 2GeO 4: Analogue for super-Earth mantles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114424119. [PMID: 35165195 PMCID: PMC8872715 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114424119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents experimental evidence for the formation of a phase with eightfold coordination of germanium by oxygen in Mg2GeO4, a well-known analogue of Mg2SiO4 at extreme pressure and temperatures. Using both experiments and theoretical computations, we have determined the structure, equation of state, and phase stability of this phase at pressures above 200 GPa. The existence of this phase in the silicate counterpart may play an important role in the structure and dynamics of the deep interiors of large, rocky exoplanets. Mg2GeO4 is important as an analog for the ultrahigh-pressure behavior of Mg2SiO4, a major component of planetary interiors. In this study, we have investigated magnesium germanate to 275 GPa and over 2,000 K using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) computations. The experimental results are consistent with the formation of a phase with disordered Mg and Ge, in which germanium adopts eightfold coordination with oxygen: the cubic, Th3P4-type structure. DFT computations suggest partial Mg-Ge order, resulting in a tetragonal I4¯2d structure indistinguishable from I4¯3d Th3P4 in our experiments. If applicable to silicates, the formation of this highly coordinated and intrinsically disordered phase may have important implications for the interior mineralogy of large, rocky extrasolar planets.
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Hu J, Sharp TG. Formation, preservation and extinction of high-pressure minerals in meteorites: temperature effects in shock metamorphism and shock classification. PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 35059281 PMCID: PMC8732827 DOI: 10.1186/s40645-021-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of classifying shock metamorphic features in meteorites is to estimate the corresponding shock pressure conditions. However, the temperature variability of shock metamorphism is equally important and can result in a diverse and heterogeneous set of shock features in samples with a common overall shock pressure. In particular, high-pressure (HP) minerals, which were previously used as a solid indicator of high shock pressure in meteorites, require complex pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) histories to form and survive. First, parts of the sample must be heated to melting temperatures, at high pressure, to enable rapid formation of HP minerals before pressure release. Second, the HP minerals must be rapidly cooled to below a critical temperature, before the pressure returns to ambient conditions, to avoid retrograde transformation to their low-pressure polymorphs. These two constraints require the sample to contain large temperature heterogeneities, e.g. melt veins in a cooler groundmass, during shock. In this study, we calculated shock temperatures and possible P-T paths of chondritic and differentiated mafic-ultramafic rocks for various shock pressures. These P-T conditions and paths, combined with observations from shocked meteorites, are used to constrain shock conditions and P-T-t histories of HP-mineral bearing samples. The need for rapid thermal quench of HP phases requires a relatively low bulk-shock temperature and therefore moderate shock pressures below ~ 30 GPa, which matches the stabilities of these HP minerals. The low-temperature moderate-pressure host rock generally shows moderate shock-deformation features consistent with S4 and, less commonly, S5 shock stages. Shock pressures in excess of 50 GPa in meteorites result in melt breccias with high overall post-shock temperatures that anneal out HP-mineral signatures. The presence of ringwoodite, which is commonly considered an indicator of the S6 shock stage, is inconsistent with pressures in excess of 30 GPa and does not represent shock conditions different from S4 shock conditions. Indeed, ringwoodite and coexisting HP minerals should be considered as robust evidence for moderate shock pressures (S4) rather than extreme shock (S6) near whole-rock melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Hu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Thomas G. Sharp
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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Misawa M, Fukushima S, Koura A, Shimamura K, Shimojo F, Tiwari S, Nomura KI, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Vashishta P. Application of First-Principles-Based Artificial Neural Network Potentials to Multiscale-Shock Dynamics Simulations on Solid Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4536-4541. [PMID: 32443935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial neural network (ANN) potentials trained with first-principles calculations has emerged as a promising approach for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations encompassing large space and time scales while retaining first-principles accuracy. To date, however, the application of ANN-MD has been limited to near-equilibrium processes. Here we combine first-principles-trained ANN-MD with multiscale shock theory (MSST) to successfully describe far-from-equilibrium shock phenomena. Our ANN-MSST-MD approach describes shock-wave propagation in solids with first-principles accuracy but a 5000 times shorter computing time. Accordingly, ANN-MD-MSST was able to resolve fine, long-time elastic deformation at low shock speed, which was impossible with first-principles MD because of the high computational cost. This work thus lays a foundation of ANN-MD simulation to study a wide range of far-from-equilibrium processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Misawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shogo Fukushima
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Akihide Koura
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimamura
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Shimojo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Subodh Tiwari
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Nomura
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Bykova E, Bykov M, Černok A, Tidholm J, Simak SI, Hellman O, Belov MP, Abrikosov IA, Liermann HP, Hanfland M, Prakapenka VB, Prescher C, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Metastable silica high pressure polymorphs as structural proxies of deep Earth silicate melts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4789. [PMID: 30442940 PMCID: PMC6237875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling of processes involving deep Earth liquids requires information on their structures and compression mechanisms. However, knowledge of the local structures of silicates and silica (SiO2) melts at deep mantle conditions and of their densification mechanisms is still limited. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of metastable high-pressure silica phases, coesite-IV and coesite-V, using in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ab initio simulations. Their crystal structures are drastically different from any previously considered models, but explain well features of pair-distribution functions of highly densified silica glass and molten basalt at high pressure. Built of four, five-, and six-coordinated silicon, coesite-IV and coesite-V contain SiO6 octahedra, which, at odds with 3rd Pauling's rule, are connected through common faces. Our results suggest that possible silicate liquids in Earth's lower mantle may have complex structures making them more compressible than previously supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bykova
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - M Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Leninsky Avenue 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Černok
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - J Tidholm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S I Simak
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - O Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - M P Belov
- Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Leninsky Avenue 4, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Abrikosov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H-P Liermann
- Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - V B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - C Prescher
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 49b, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Abstract
Silica polymorphs, such as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, stishovite, seifertite, baddeleyite-type SiO2, high-pressure silica glass, moganite, and opal, have been found in lunar and/or martian rocks by macro-microanalyses of the samples and remote-sensing observations on the celestial bodies. Because each silica polymorph is stable or metastable at different pressure and temperature conditions, its appearance is variable depending on the occurrence of the lunar and martian rocks. In other words, types of silica polymorphs provide valuable information on the igneous process (e.g., crystallization temperature and cooling rate), shock metamorphism (e.g., shock pressure and temperature), and hydrothermal fluid activity (e.g., pH and water content), implying their importance in planetary science. Therefore, this article focused on reviewing and summarizing the representative and important investigations of lunar and martian silica from the viewpoints of its discovery from lunar and martian materials, the formation processes, the implications for planetary science, and the future prospects in the field of “micro-mineralogy”.
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Compressional pathways of α-cristobalite, structure of cristobalite X-I, and towards the understanding of seifertite formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15647. [PMID: 28589935 PMCID: PMC5467234 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In various shocked meteorites, low-pressure silica polymorph α-cristobalite is commonly found in close spatial relation with the densest known SiO2 polymorph seifertite, which is stable above ∼80 GPa. We demonstrate that under hydrostatic pressure α-cristobalite remains untransformed up to at least 15 GPa. In quasi-hydrostatic experiments, above 11 GPa cristobalite X-I forms—a monoclinic polymorph built out of silicon octahedra; the phase is not quenchable and back-transforms to α-cristobalite on decompression. There are no other known silica polymorphs, which transform to an octahedra-based structure at such low pressures upon compression at room temperature. Further compression in non-hydrostatic conditions of cristobalite X-I eventually leads to the formation of quenchable seifertite-like phase. Our results demonstrate that the presence of α-cristobalite in shocked meteorites or rocks does not exclude that materials experienced high pressure, nor is the presence of seifertite necessarily indicative of extremely high peak shock pressures. The presence of α-seifertite and seiferite in shocked meteorites are used to determine shock pressures. Here, using high-pressure experiments, the authors find that the presence of α-cristobalite does not exclude high-pressure transformation and seifertite does not necessarily indicate high pressures.
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Misawa M, Ryuo E, Yoshida K, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Nishiyama N, Shimojo F, Vashishta P, Wakai F. Picosecond amorphization of SiO 2 stishovite under tension. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602339. [PMID: 28508056 PMCID: PMC5429036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is extremely difficult to realize two conflicting properties-high hardness and toughness-in one material. Nano-polycrystalline stishovite, recently synthesized from Earth-abundant silica glass, proved to be a super-hard, ultra-tough material, which could provide sustainable supply of high-performance ceramics. Our quantum molecular dynamics simulations show that stishovite amorphizes rapidly on the order of picosecond under tension in front of a crack tip. We find a displacive amorphization mechanism that only involves short-distance collective motions of atoms, thereby facilitating the rapid transformation. The two-step amorphization pathway involves an intermediate state akin to experimentally suggested "high-density glass polymorphs" before eventually transforming to normal glass. The rapid amorphization can catch up with, screen, and self-heal a fast-moving crack. This new concept of fast amorphization toughening likely operates in other pressure-synthesized hard solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Misawa
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Emina Ryuo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yoshida
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Rajiv K. Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | | | - Fuyuki Shimojo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Maynard-Casely HE. ‘Peaks in space’ – crystallography in planetary science: past impacts and future opportunities. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1242127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pang RL, Zhang AC, Wang SZ, Wang RC, Yurimoto H. High-pressure minerals in eucrite suggest a small source crater on Vesta. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26063. [PMID: 27181381 PMCID: PMC4867502 DOI: 10.1038/srep26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure minerals in meteorites are important records of shock events that have affected the surfaces of planets and asteroids. A widespread distribution of impact craters has been observed on the Vestan surface. However, very few high-pressure minerals have been discovered in Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite (HED) meteorites. Here we present the first evidence of tissintite, vacancy-rich clinopyroxene, and super-silicic garnet in the eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8003. Combined with coesite and stishovite, the presence of these high-pressure minerals and their chemical compositions reveal that solidification of melt veins in NWA 8003 began at a pressure of >~10 GPa and ceased when the pressure dropped to <~8.5 GPa. The shock temperature in the melt veins exceeded 1900 °C. Simulation results show that shock events that create impact craters of ~3 km in diameter (subject to a factor of 2 uncertainty) are associated with sufficiently high pressures to account for the occurrence of the high-pressure minerals observed in NWA 8003. This indicates that HED meteorites containing similar high-pressure minerals should be observed more frequently than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Lian Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ai-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shu-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ru-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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