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Akatsu T, Tabata Y, Shinoda Y, Wakai F. Effect of Equibiaxial Pre-Stress on Mechanical Properties Evaluated Using Depth-Sensing Indentation with a Point-Sharp Indenter. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:528. [PMID: 36676264 PMCID: PMC9867346 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of an imposed equibiaxial pre-stress (EBPS) on the evaluation of mechanical properties, using the depth-sensing indentation method with a point-sharp indenter, through a numerical analysis of indentations simulated with the 3D finite element method. The predicted elastic modulus, E*, and yield stress, Y*, were used as elastic and plastic deformation resistances under the indentation, respectively. It was found that both increased nominally with the increase in compressive EBPS and decreased with the increase in tensile EBPS, even though the induced change in the piling-up or sinking-in around the indentations was not significant. The effect of EBPS on E* was described by the Hooke's law for an isotropic elastoplastic material, whereas that on Y* was accounted for by the change in the von Mises stress due to EBPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akatsu
- Faculty of Art and Regional Design, Saga University, 2441-1 Oono-otsu, Arita-cho, Nishimatsuura-gun, Saga 844-0013, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Tabata
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shinoda
- National Institute of Technology, Ube College, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Okuma G, Maeda K, Yoshida S, Takeuchi A, Wakai F. Morphology of subsurface cracks in glass-ceramics induced by Vickers indentation observed by synchrotron X-ray multiscale tomography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6994. [PMID: 35484320 PMCID: PMC9050884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of subsurface cracks induced by indentation is a challenge for understanding contact damage, impact, wear, erosion, and abrasion of brittle materials, because the crack pattern observable on the surface is only a part of the total crack system. Here we applied synchrotron X-ray multiscale tomography to observe the morphology of subsurface cracks produced by Vickers indentation in a novel CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-ceramic with plate-like crystals forming a house-of-cards microstructure. It revealed a diverse type of crack systems around the semispherical microcrack zone beneath the indent, including a new mode II inclined lateral crack driven by the maximum shear stress. Tomography images provided knowledge on how the heterogeneous microstructure affected the toughening processes such as crack deflection, crack bridging, and microcracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Okuma
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Kei Maeda
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- AGC Inc. Yokohama Technical Center, 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, JASRI/SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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Okuma G, Tanaka S, Wakai F. Domain coarsening in viscous sintering as a result of topological pore evolution. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wakai F, Okuma G, Nishiyama N, Guillon O. Micromechanics of formation and shrinkage of a closed pore in sintering by coupled grain boundary/surface diffusion. Ann Ital Chir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kanchika S, Wakai F. Surface tension-pressure superposition principle for anisotropic shrinkage of an ellipsoidal pore in viscous sintering. Ann Ital Chir 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yoshida K, Nishiyama N, Shinoda Y, Akatsu T, Wakai F. Evaluation of effects of crack deflection and grain bridging on toughening of nanocrystalline SiO2 stishovite. Ann Ital Chir 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Misawa M, Ryuo E, Yoshida K, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Nishiyama N, Shimojo F, Vashishta P, Wakai F. Picosecond amorphization of SiO 2 stishovite under tension. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602339. [PMID: 28508056 PMCID: PMC5429036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is extremely difficult to realize two conflicting properties-high hardness and toughness-in one material. Nano-polycrystalline stishovite, recently synthesized from Earth-abundant silica glass, proved to be a super-hard, ultra-tough material, which could provide sustainable supply of high-performance ceramics. Our quantum molecular dynamics simulations show that stishovite amorphizes rapidly on the order of picosecond under tension in front of a crack tip. We find a displacive amorphization mechanism that only involves short-distance collective motions of atoms, thereby facilitating the rapid transformation. The two-step amorphization pathway involves an intermediate state akin to experimentally suggested "high-density glass polymorphs" before eventually transforming to normal glass. The rapid amorphization can catch up with, screen, and self-heal a fast-moving crack. This new concept of fast amorphization toughening likely operates in other pressure-synthesized hard solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Misawa
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Emina Ryuo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yoshida
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Rajiv K. Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | | | - Fuyuki Shimojo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Akatsu T, Numata S, Shinoda Y, Wakai F. Effect of the Elastic Deformation of a Point-Sharp Indenter on Nanoindentation Behavior. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10030270. [PMID: 28772629 PMCID: PMC5503338 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the elastic deformation of a point-sharp indenter on the relationship between the indentation load P and penetration depth h (P-h curve) is examined through the numerical analysis of conical indentations simulated with the finite element method. The elastic deformation appears as a decrease in the inclined face angle β, which is determined as a function of the elastic modulus of the indenter, the parabolic coefficient of the P-h loading curve and relative residual depth, regardless of h. This indicates that nominal indentations made using an elastic indenter are physically equivalent to indentations made using a rigid indenter with the decreased β. The P-h curves for a rigid indenter with the decreased β can be estimated from the nominal P-h curves obtained with an elastic indenter by using a procedure proposed in this study. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and indentation hardness can be correctly derived from the estimated P-h curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akatsu
- Faculty of Art and Regional Design, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Shingo Numata
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Shinoda
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-24 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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Shinoda Y, Raj R, Minoguchi Y, Akatsu T, Wakai F. Hafnia-silicon carbide nanocomposites II: Measurements of the residual stress. Ann Ital Chir 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yoshida K, Wakai F, Nishiyama N, Sekine R, Shinoda Y, Akatsu T, Nagoshi T, Sone M. Large increase in fracture resistance of stishovite with crack extension less than one micrometer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10993. [PMID: 26051871 PMCID: PMC4458880 DOI: 10.1038/srep10993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of strong, tough, and damage-tolerant ceramics requires nano/microstructure design to utilize toughening mechanisms operating at different length scales. The toughening mechanisms so far known are effective in micro-scale, then, they require the crack extension of more than a few micrometers to increase the fracture resistance. Here, we developed a micro-mechanical test method using micro-cantilever beam specimens to determine the very early part of resistance-curve of nanocrystalline SiO2 stishovite, which exhibited fracture-induced amorphization. We revealed that this novel toughening mechanism was effective even at length scale of nanometer due to narrow transformation zone width of a few tens of nanometers and large dilatational strain (from 60 to 95%) associated with the transition of crystal to amorphous state. This testing method will be a powerful tool to search for toughening mechanisms that may operate at nanoscale for attaining both reliability and strength of structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yoshida
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nishiyama
- 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Risako Sekine
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shinoda
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Akatsu
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagoshi
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-35 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Sone
- Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-35 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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Nishiyama N, Wakai F, Ohfuji H, Tamenori Y, Murata H, Taniguchi T, Matsushita M, Takahashi M, Kulik E, Yoshida K, Wada K, Bednarcik J, Irifune T. Fracture-induced amorphization of polycrystalline SiO2 stishovite: a potential platform for toughening in ceramics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6558. [PMID: 25297473 PMCID: PMC4190503 DOI: 10.1038/srep06558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon dioxide has eight stable crystalline phases at conditions of the Earth's rocky parts. Many metastable phases including amorphous phases have been known, which indicates the presence of large kinetic barriers. As a consequence, some crystalline silica phases transform to amorphous phases by bypassing the liquid via two different pathways. Here we show a new pathway, a fracture-induced amorphization of stishovite that is a high-pressure polymorph. The amorphization accompanies a huge volume expansion of ~100% and occurs in a thin layer whose thickness from the fracture surface is several tens of nanometers. Amorphous silica materials that look like strings or worms were observed on the fracture surfaces. The amount of amorphous silica near the fracture surfaces is positively correlated with indentation fracture toughness. This result indicates that the fracture-induced amorphization causes toughening of stishovite polycrystals. The fracture-induced solid-state amorphization may provide a potential platform for toughening in ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Nishiyama
- 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohfuji
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamenori
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Murata
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eleonora Kulik
- 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Kimiko Yoshida
- Secure Materials Center, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kouhei Wada
- Fuji Die Co., Ltd., 2-17-10 Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-0092, Japan
| | - Jozef Bednarcik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- 1] Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan [2] Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-1E-1 Ookayama, Meguroku, Tokyo 152-8500, Japan
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Akatsu T, Yamada Y, Hoshikawa Y, Onoki T, Shinoda Y, Wakai F. Multifunctional porous titanium oxide coating with apatite forming ability and photocatalytic activity on a titanium substrate formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2013; 33:4871-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ogawa H, Wakai F, Waseda Y. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Model Grain Boundary Structure of Polycrystalline Materials. Molecular Simulation 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/08927029608024122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hirano T, Niihara K, Ohji T, Wakai F. Improved creep resistance of Si3N4/SiC nanocomposites fabricated from amorphous Si-C-N precursor powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00275414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wakai F, Nagono T. The role of interface-controlled diffusion creep on superplasticity of yttria-stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01730309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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