1
|
Betzold S, Düreth J, Dusel M, Emmerling M, Bieganowska A, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Höfling S, Klembt S. Dirac Cones and Room Temperature Polariton Lasing Evidenced in an Organic Honeycomb Lattice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400672. [PMID: 38605674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Artificial 1D and 2D lattices have emerged as a powerful platform for the emulation of lattice Hamiltonians, the fundamental study of collective many-body effects, and phenomena arising from non-trivial topology. Exciton-polaritons, bosonic part-light and part-matter quasiparticles, combine pronounced nonlinearities with the possibility of on-chip implementation. In this context, organic semiconductors embedded in microcavities have proven to be versatile candidates to study nonlinear many-body physics and bosonic condensation, and in contrast to most inorganic systems, they allow the use at ambient conditions since they host ultra-stable Frenkel excitons. A well-controlled, high-quality optical lattice is implemented that accommodates light-matter quasiparticles. The realized polariton graphene presents with excellent cavity quality factors, showing distinct signatures of Dirac cone and flatband dispersions as well as polariton lasing at room temperature. This is realized by filling coupled dielectric microcavities with the fluorescent protein mCherry. The emergence of a coherent polariton condensate at ambient conditions are demonstrated, taking advantage of coupling conditions as precise and controllable as in state-of-the-art inorganic semiconductor-based systems, without the limitations of e.g. lattice matching in epitaxial growth. This progress allows straightforward extension to more complex systems, such as the study of topological phenomena in 2D lattices including topological lasers and non-Hermitian optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Betzold
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Düreth
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Dusel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonina Bieganowska
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jürgen Ohmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The coherent exchange of energy between materials and optical fields leads to strong light-matter interactions and so-called polaritonic states with intriguing properties, halfway between light and matter. Two decades ago, research on these strong light-matter interactions, using optical cavity (vacuum) fields, remained for the most part the province of the physicist, with a focus on inorganic materials requiring cryogenic temperatures and carefully fabricated, high-quality optical cavities for their study. This review explores the history and recent acceleration of interest in the application of polaritonic states to molecular properties and processes. The enormous collective oscillator strength of dense films of organic molecules, aggregates, and materials allows cavity vacuum field strong coupling to be achieved at room temperature, even in rapidly fabricated, highly lossy metallic optical cavities. This has put polaritonic states and their associated coherent phenomena at the fingertips of laboratory chemists, materials scientists, and even biochemists as a potentially new tool to control molecular chemistry. The exciting phenomena that have emerged suggest that polaritonic states are of genuine relevance within the molecular and material energy landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hirai
- Division of Photonics and Optical Science, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, North 20 West 10, Kita ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - James A Hutchison
- School of Chemistry and ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, The University of Melbourne, Masson Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Division of Photonics and Optical Science, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, North 20 West 10, Kita ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gunnarsson WB, Roh K, Zhao L, Murphy JP, Grede AJ, Giebink NC, Rand BP. Toward Nonepitaxial Laser Diodes. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37219995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film organic, colloidal quantum dot, and metal halide perovskite semiconductors are all being pursued in the quest for a wavelength-tunable diode laser technology that does not require epitaxial growth on a traditional semiconductor substrate. Despite promising demonstrations of efficient light-emitting diodes and low-threshold optically pumped lasing in each case, there are still fundamental and practical barriers that must be overcome to reliably achieve injection lasing. This review outlines the historical development and recent advances of each material system on the path to a diode laser. Common challenges in resonator design, electrical injection, and heat dissipation are highlighted, as well as the different optical gain physics that make each system unique. The evidence to date suggests that continued progress for organic and colloidal quantum dot laser diodes will likely hinge on the development of new materials or indirect pumping schemes, while improvements in device architecture and film processing are most critical for perovskite lasers. In all cases, systematic progress will require methods that can quantify how close new devices get with respect to their electrical lasing thresholds. We conclude by discussing the current status of nonepitaxial laser diodes in the historical context of their epitaxial counterparts, which suggests that there is reason to be optimistic for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Gunnarsson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kwangdong Roh
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - John P Murphy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex J Grede
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Noel C Giebink
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal A, Xu D, Mahajan A, Lee J, Delor M, Reichman DR. Microscopic Theory of Multimode Polariton Dispersion in Multilayered Materials. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4082-4089. [PMID: 37103998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a microscopic theory for the multimode polariton dispersion in materials coupled to cavity radiation modes. Starting from a microscopic light-matter Hamiltonian, we devise a general strategy for obtaining simple matrix models of polariton dispersion curves based on the structure and spatial location of multilayered 2D materials inside the optical cavity. Our theory exposes the connections between seemingly distinct models that have been employed in the literature and resolves an ambiguity that has arisen concerning the experimental description of the polaritonic band structure. We demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical formalism by fabricating various geometries of multilayered perovskite materials coupled to cavities and demonstrating that our theoretical predictions agree with the experimental results presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ankit Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deligönül N, Yildiz I, Bilgin S, Gokce I, Isildak O. Green Fluorescent Protein-Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube based Polymeric Membrane Electrode for Bismuth Ion Detection. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
7
|
Kottilil D, Gupta M, Lu S, Babusenan A, Ji W. Triple Threshold Transitions and Strong Polariton Interaction in 2D Layered Metal-Organic Framework Microplates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209094. [PMID: 36623260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature interaction between light-matter hybrid particles such as exciton-polaritons under extremely low-pump plays a crucial role in future coherent quantum light sources. However, the practical and scalable realization of coherent quantum light sources operating under low-pump remains a challenge because of the insufficient polariton interaction strength. Here, at room temperature, a very large polariton interaction strength is demonstrated, g ≈ 128 ± 21 µeV µm2 realized in a 2D nanolayered metal-organic framework (MOF). As a result, a polariton lasing at an extremely low pump fluence of P1 ≈ 0.01 ± 0.0015 µJ cm-2 (first threshold) is observed. Interestingly, as pump fluence increases to P2 ≈ 0.031 ± 0.003 µJ cm-2 (second threshold), a spontaneous transition to a polariton breakdown region occurs, which has not been reported before. Finally, an ordinary photon lasing occurs at P3 ≈ 0.11 ± 0.077 µJ cm-2 (third threshold), or above. These experiments and the theoretical model reveal new insights into the transition mechanisms characterized by three distinct optical regions. This work introduces MOF as a new type of quantum material, with naturally formed polariton cavities, that is a cost-effective and scalable solution to build microscale coherent quantum light sources and polaritonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kottilil
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shunbin Lu
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Anu Babusenan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fowler-Wright P, Lovett BW, Keeling J. Efficient Many-Body Non-Markovian Dynamics of Organic Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173001. [PMID: 36332236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We show how to simulate a model of many molecules with both strong coupling to many vibrational modes and collective coupling to a single photon mode. We do this by combining process tensor matrix product operator methods with a mean-field approximation which reduces the dimension of the problem. We analyze the steady state of the model under incoherent pumping to determine the dependence of the polariton lasing threshold on cavity detuning, light-matter coupling strength, and environmental temperature. Moreover, by measuring two-time correlations, we study quadratic fluctuations about the mean field to calculate the photoluminescence spectrum. Our method enables one to simulate many-body systems with strong coupling to multiple environments, and to extract both static and dynamical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piper Fowler-Wright
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon W Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasista AB, Dias EJC, García de Abajo FJ, Barnes WL. Role of Symmetry Breaking in Observing Strong Molecule-Cavity Coupling Using Dielectric Microspheres. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6737-6743. [PMID: 35920815 PMCID: PMC9413215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of dielectric open optical cavities has opened a new research avenue in nanophotonics. In particular, dielectric microspheres support a rich set of cavity modes with varying spectral characteristics, making them an ideal platform to study molecule-cavity interactions. The symmetry of the structure plays a critical role in the outcoupling of these modes and, hence, the perceived molecule-cavity coupling strength. Here, we experimentally and theoretically study molecule-cavity coupling mediated by the Mie scattering modes of a dielectric microsphere placed on a glass substrate and excited with far-field illumination, from which we collect scattering signatures both in the air and glass sides. Glass-side collection reveals clear signatures of strong molecule-cavity coupling (coupling strength 2g = 74 meV), in contrast to the air-side scattering signal. Rigorous electromagnetic modeling allows us to understand molecule-cavity coupling and unravel the role played by the spatial mode profile in the observed coupling strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh B. Vasista
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Exeter EX44QL, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo J. C. Dias
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - William L Barnes
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Exeter EX44QL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phuc NT. Bose enhancement of excitation-energy transfer with molecular-exciton-polariton condensates. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:234301. [PMID: 35732524 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of exciton polaritons have been realized in organic molecular systems owing to strong light-matter interaction, strong exciton binding energy, and low effective mass of a polaritonic particle. These molecular-exciton-polariton BECs have demonstrated their potential in nonlinear optics and optoelectronic applications. In this study, we first demonstrate that molecular-polariton BECs can be utilized for Bose enhancement of excitation-energy transfer (EET) in a molecular system with an exciton donor coupled to a group of exciton acceptors that are further strongly coupled to a single mode of an optical cavity. Similar to the stimulated emission of light in which photons are bosonic particles, a greater rate of EET is observed if the group of acceptors is prepared in the exciton-polariton BEC state than if the acceptors are initially either in their electronic ground states or in a normal excited state with an equal average number of molecular excitations. The Bose enhancement also manifests itself as the growth of the EET rate with an increasing number of exciton polaritons in the BEC. Finally, a generalization to the EET in many-donor-many-acceptor molecular systems is considered, and a permutation-symmetry-based approach to suppress the EET to the huge manifold of dark states in the acceptor group is proposed to facilitate the Bose-enhanced EET to the polariton BEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Phuc
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao S, Li G, Peng X, Ma J, Yin Z, Zhao Q. Ultralow-threshold green fluorescent protein laser based on high Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23439-23447. [PMID: 36225023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological lasers have attracted vast attention because of their potential medical application prospects, especially the low threshold biological laser that can be used for ultrasensitive biological detection while leaving the luminous gain medium undamaged by the pump light. By coupling the low concentration green fluorescent protein (GFP) solution with a high Q whispering gallery mode microbubble resonator, we managed to fabricate a miniature GFP laser with the lowest threshold and highest Q value compared to any known type of the GFP laser. The threshold energy is as low as 380 fJ, two orders of magnitude lower than any type of GFP laser at present. The Q value of the optical cavity in this biological laser is 5.3 × 107, two orders higher than the highest Q value of GFP lasers. We further confirmed the long-term stability of the working characteristics of GFP laser. It can work well nearly a month in temperature 3-4°C. Finally, we measured the effects of different concentrations of fluorescent protein on laser threshold. The data show that this biological laser can be used for highly sensitive detection of GFP concentration, which is particularly useful when the GFP is used as tracers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fainberg BD, Osipov VA. Effects of Electron-Vibration Interaction in Polariton Luminescence: Non-Markovian Fano Resonances and Hot Luminescence. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2761-2777. [PMID: 35483074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a non-Markovian theory of the polariton luminescence taking the molecular vibrations into account. The calculations were performed in the polariton basis. We have shown that the frequency shift and the polariton spectral line broadening strongly depend on the frequency-dependent exciton contribution to the polariton. In the single-mode microcavity, our non-Markovian theory predicts the Fano resonances in the polariton luminescence and also narrowing of the spectral lines with the increase of the total number of molecules in the case of the intramolecular nature of the low-frequency vibrations. The theory enables us to consider a nonequilibrium (hot) exciton-polariton luminescence similar to the hot luminescence of molecules and crystals. This opens a way for its observation in organic-based nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Fainberg
- Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 5810201, Israel.,School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - V Al Osipov
- Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 5810201, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Satapathy S, Liu B, Deshmukh P, Molinaro PM, Dirnberger F, Khatoniar M, Koder RL, Menon VM. Thermalization of Fluorescent Protein Exciton-Polaritons at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109107. [PMID: 35165941 PMCID: PMC9022594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have recently emerged as a serious contender for realizing ultralow threshold room temperature exciton-polariton condensation and lasing. This contribution investigates the thermalization of FP microcavity exciton-polaritons upon optical pumping under ambient conditions. Polariton cooling is realized using a new FP molecule, called mScarlet, coupled strongly to the optical modes in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Interestingly, at the threshold excitation energy (fluence) of ≈9 nJ per pulse (15.6 mJ cm-2 ), an effective temperature is observed, Teff ≈ 350 ± 35 K close to the lattice temperature indicative of strongly thermalized exciton-polaritons at equilibrium. This efficient thermalization results from the interplay of radiative pumping facilitated by the energetics of the lower polariton branch and the cavity Q-factor. Direct evidence for dramatic switching from an equilibrium state into a metastable state is observed for the organic cavity polariton device at room temperature via deviation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics at k‖ = 0 above the threshold. Thermalized polariton gases in organic systems at equilibrium hold substantial promise for designing room temperature polaritonic circuits, switches, and lattices for analog simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitakanta Satapathy
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Prathmesh Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Paul M Molinaro
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Mandeep Khatoniar
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ronald L Koder
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pannir-Sivajothi S, Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo JA, Martínez-Martínez LA, Sinha S, Yuen-Zhou J. Driving chemical reactions with polariton condensates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1645. [PMID: 35347131 PMCID: PMC8960839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When molecular transitions strongly couple to photon modes, they form hybrid light-matter modes called polaritons. Collective vibrational strong coupling is a promising avenue for control of chemistry, but this can be deterred by the large number of quasi-degenerate dark modes. The macroscopic occupation of a single polariton mode by excitations, as observed in Bose-Einstein condensation, offers promise for overcoming this issue. Here we theoretically investigate the effect of vibrational polariton condensation on the kinetics of electron transfer processes. Compared with excitation with infrared laser sources, the vibrational polariton condensate changes the reaction yield significantly at room temperature due to additional channels with reduced activation barriers resulting from the large accumulation of energy in the lower polariton, and the many modes available for energy redistribution during the reaction. Our results offer tantalizing opportunities to use condensates for driving chemical reactions, kinetically bypassing usual constraints of fast intramolecular vibrational redistribution in condensed phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhana Pannir-Sivajothi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Luis A Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shubham Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quach JQ, McGhee KE, Ganzer L, Rouse DM, Lovett BW, Gauger EM, Keeling J, Cerullo G, Lidzey DG, Virgili T. Superabsorption in an organic microcavity: Toward a quantum battery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3160. [PMID: 35030030 PMCID: PMC8759743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which matter emits or absorbs light can be modified by its environment, as markedly exemplified by the widely studied phenomenon of superradiance. The reverse process, superabsorption, is harder to demonstrate because of the challenges of probing ultrafast processes and has only been seen for small numbers of atoms. Its central idea—superextensive scaling of absorption, meaning larger systems absorb faster—is also the key idea underpinning quantum batteries. Here, we implement experimentally a paradigmatic model of a quantum battery, constructed of a microcavity enclosing a molecular dye. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy allows us to observe charging dynamics at femtosecond resolution to demonstrate superextensive charging rates and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modeling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilizing energy storage. Our work opens future opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Q. Quach
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kirsty E. McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dominic M. Rouse
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Brendon W. Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologia–CNR, IFN–Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang Z, Ren A, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Exciton-Polaritons and Their Bose-Einstein Condensates in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106095. [PMID: 34881466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are half-light, half-matter bosonic quasiparticles formed by strong exciton-photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities. These hybrid particles possess the strong nonlinear interactions of excitons and keep most of the characteristics of the underlying photons. As bosons, above a threshold density they can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation to a polariton condensate phase and exhibit a rich variety of exotic macroscopic quantum phenomena in solids. Recently, organic semiconductors have been considered as a promising material platform for these studies due to their room-temperature stability, good processability, and abundant photophysics and photochemistry. Herein, recent advances of exciton-polaritons and their Bose-Einstein condensates in organic semiconductor microcavities are summarized. First, the basic physics is introduced, and then their emerging applications are highlighted. The remaining questions are also discussed and a personal viewpoint about the potential directions for future research is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spencer MS, Fu Y, Schlaus AP, Hwang D, Dai Y, Smith MD, Gamelin DR, Zhu XY. Spin-orbit-coupled exciton-polariton condensates in lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7667. [PMID: 34851673 PMCID: PMC8635445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is responsible for a range of spintronic and topological processes in condensed matter. Here, we show photonic analogs of SOCs in exciton-polaritons and their condensates in microcavities composed of birefringent lead halide perovskite single crystals. The presence of crystalline anisotropy coupled with splitting in the optical cavity of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes gives rise to a non-Abelian gauge field, which can be described by the Rashba-Dresselhaus Hamiltonian near the degenerate points of the two polarization modes. With increasing density, the exciton-polaritons with pseudospin textures undergo phase transitions to competing condensates with orthogonal polarizations. Unlike their pure photonic counterparts, these exciton-polaritons and condensates inherit nonlinearity from their excitonic components and may serve as quantum simulators of many-body SOC processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hanczyc P, Fita P. Laser Emission of Thioflavin T Uncovers Protein Aggregation in Amyloid Nucleation Phase. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2598-2609. [PMID: 34557567 PMCID: PMC8451393 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no definitive test for early detection of neurodegeneration which is linked with protein aggregation. Finding methods capable of detecting intermediate states of protein aggregates, named oligomers, is critical for the early stage diagnosis of over 30 neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Currently, fluorescence-based imaging using Thioflavin T (ThT) dye is the gold standard for detecting protein aggregation. It is used to detect aggregation in vitro and in various tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), whereby the disease-related protein recombinant is seeded with the patient's fluid. The major drawback of ThT is its lack of sensitivity to oligomeric forms of protein aggregates. Here, we overcome this limitation by transferring a ThT-oligomer mixture into solid state thin films and detecting fluorescence of ThT amplified in the process of stimulated emission. By monitoring the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) we achieved a remarkable recognition sensitivity to prefibrillar oligomeric forms of insulin and lysozyme aggregates in vitro, to Aβ42 oligomers in the human protein recombinants seeded with CSF and to Aβ42 oligomers doped into brain tissue. Seeding with Alzheimer patient's CSF containing Aβ42 and Tau aggregates revealed that only Aβ42 oligomers allowed generating ASE. Thus, we demonstrated that, in contrast to the current state-of-the-art, ASE of ThT, a commonly used histological dye, can be used to detect and differentiate amyloid oligomers and evaluate the risk levels of neurodegenerative diseases to potential patients before the clinical symptoms occur.
Collapse
|
19
|
Amplified spontaneous emission and gain in highly concentrated Rhodamine-doped peptide derivative. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17609. [PMID: 34475484 PMCID: PMC8413385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired fluorescence, being widely explored for imaging purposes, faces challenges in delivering bright biocompatible sources. While quite a few techniques have been developed to reach this goal, encapsulation of high-quantum yield fluorescent dyes in natural biological forms suggest achieving superior light-emitting characteristics, approaching amplified spontaneous emission and even lasing. Here we compare gain capabilities of highly concentrated Rhodamine B solutions with a newly synthesized biocompatible peptide derivative hybrid polymer/peptide material, RhoB-PEG1300-F6, which contains the fluorescent covalently bound dye. While concentration quenching effects limit the maximal achievable gain of dissolved Rhodamine B, biocompatible conjugation allows elevating amplification coefficients towards moderately high values. In particular, Rhodamine B, anchored to the peptide derivative material, demonstrates gain of 22–23 cm−1 for a 10−2 M solution, while a pure dye solution possesses 25% smaller values at the same concentration. New biocompatible fluorescent agents pave ways to demonstrate lasing in living organisms and can be further introduced to therapeutic applications, if proper solvents are found.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tagami T, Ueda Y, Imai K, Takahashi S, Mizuno H, Yanagi H, Obuchi T, Nakayama M, Yamashita K. Anisotropic light-matter coupling and below-threshold excitation dynamics in an organic crystal microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26433-26443. [PMID: 34615078 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are promising candidates as platforms for room temperature polaritonic devices. An issue for practical implementation of organic polariton devices is the lowering of condensation threshold. Here we investigate anisotropic light-matter coupling characteristics in an organic crystal microcavity showing strong molecular orientation. Furthermore, the below-threshold excitation dynamics are investigated to clarify the spontaneous transition pathways from reservoir to polariton states. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photonic/excitonic hybrid transition processes coexist in the microcavity system. This finding provides valuable insights into a detailed understanding of polariton dynamics and help in the design of polaritonic devices showing a low-threshold condensed phase.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dusel M, Betzold S, Harder TH, Emmerling M, Beierlein J, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Thomale R, Schneider C, Höfling S, Klembt S. Room-Temperature Topological Polariton Laser in an Organic Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6398-6405. [PMID: 34328737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interacting bosonic particles in artificial lattices have proven to be a powerful tool for the investigation of exotic phases of matter as well as phenomena resulting from nontrivial topology. Exciton-polaritons, bosonic quasi-particles of light and matter, have been shown to combine the on-chip benefits of optical systems with strong interactions, inherited from their matter character. Technologically significant semiconductor platforms strictly require cryogenic temperatures. In this communication, we demonstrate exciton-polariton lasing for topological defects emerging from the imprinted lattice structure at room temperature. We utilize red fluorescent protein derived from DsRed of Discosoma sea anemones, hosting highly stable Frenkel excitons. Using a patterned mirror cavity, we tune the lattice potential landscape of a linear Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain to design topological defects at domain boundaries and at the edge. We unequivocally demonstrate polariton lasing from these topological defects. This progress has paved the road to interacting boson many-body physics under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Höfling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY 16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yuan Z, Cheng X, Li T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Gong X, Chang GE, Birowosuto MD, Dang C, Chen YC. Light-Harvesting in Biophotonic Optofluidic Microcavities via Whispering-Gallery Modes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36909-36918. [PMID: 34310119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are a class of light-harvesting fluorescent proteins existing in cyanobacteria and microalgae, which harvest light and convert it into electricity. Owing to recent demands on environmental-friendly and renewable apparatuses, phycobiliproteins have attracted substantial interest in bioenergy and sustainable devices. However, converting energy from biological materials remains challenging to date. Herein, we report a novel scheme to enhance biological light-harvesting through light-matter interactions at the biointerface of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs), where phycobiliproteins were employed as the active gain material. By exploiting microdroplets as a carrier for light-harvesting biomaterials, strong local electric field enhancement and photon confinement at the cavity interface resulted in significantly enhanced bio-photoelectricity. A threshold-like behavior was discovered in photocurrent enhancement and the WGM modulated fluorescence. Systematic studies of biologically produced photoelectricity and optical mode resonance were carried out to illustrate the impact of the cavity quality factor, structural geometry, and refractive indices. Finally, a biomimetic system was investigated by exploiting cascade energy transfer in phycobiliprotein assembly composed of three light-harvesting proteins. The key findings not only highlight the critical role of optical cavity in light-harvesting but also offer deep insights into light energy coupling in biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tsungyu Li
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunke Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad D Birowosuto
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Georgiou K, Jayaprakash R, Othonos A, Lidzey DG. Ultralong‐Range Polariton‐Assisted Energy Transfer in Organic Microcavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield, Hicks Building Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH UK
- Department of Physics University of Cyprus P.O. Box 20537 Nicosia 1678 Cyprus
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield, Hicks Building Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH UK
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Department of Physics University of Cyprus P.O. Box 20537 Nicosia 1678 Cyprus
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield, Hicks Building Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Georgiou K, Jayaprakash R, Othonos A, Lidzey DG. Ultralong-Range Polariton-Assisted Energy Transfer in Organic Microcavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16661-16667. [PMID: 33908681 PMCID: PMC8361947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non‐radiative energy transfer between spatially‐separated molecules in a microcavity can occur when an excitonic state on both molecules are strongly‐coupled to the same optical mode, forming so‐called “hybrid” polaritons. Such energy transfer has previously been explored when thin‐films of different molecules are relatively closely spaced (≈100 nm). In this manuscript, we explore strong‐coupled microcavities in which thin‐films of two J‐aggregated molecular dyes were separated by a spacer layer having a thickness of up to 2 μm. Here, strong light‐matter coupling and hybridisation between the excitonic transition is identified using white‐light reflectivity and photoluminescence emission. We use steady‐state spectroscopy to demonstrate polariton‐mediated energy transfer between such coupled states over “mesoscopic distances”, with this process being enhanced compared to non‐cavity control structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang J, Zhang J, Lv Y, Wang H, Xu FF, Zhang C, Sun L, Yao J, Zhao YS. Room temperature exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation in organic single-crystal microribbon cavities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3265. [PMID: 34075038 PMCID: PMC8169864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (EP BEC) is of crucial importance for the development of coherent light sources and optical logic elements, as it creates a new state of matter with coherent nature and nonlinear behaviors. The demand for room temperature EP BEC has driven the development of organic polaritons because of the large binding energies of Frenkel excitons in organic materials. However, the reliance on external high-finesse microcavities for organic EP BEC results in poor compactness and integrability of devices, which restricts their practical applications in on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate room temperature EP BEC in organic single-crystal microribbon natural cavities. The regularly shaped microribbons serve as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, in which efficient strong coupling between Frenkel excitons and photons leads to the generation of EPs at room temperature. The large exciton–photon coupling strength due to high exciton densities facilitates the achievement of EP BEC. Taking advantages of interactions in EP condensates and dimension confinement effects, we demonstrate the realization of controllable output of coherent light from the microribbons. We hope that the results will provide a useful enlightenment for using organic single crystals to construct miniaturized polaritonic devices. The use of room temperature exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation is limited by the need for external high-finesse microcavities. The authors generate room temperature EPs with single-crystal microribbons as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, and demonstrate controllable output of coherent light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gong C, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Huang S, Wang W, Wu PC, Chen Y. Topological Encoded Vector Beams for Monitoring Amyloid-Lipid Interactions in Microcavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100096. [PMID: 34194941 PMCID: PMC8224421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern photonics and sensing. Recent advances in microlasers have demonstrated its extraordinary lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. However, most lasers utilized lasing spectrum as a detection signal, which can hardly detect or characterize nanoscale structural changes in microcavity. Here the concept of amplified structured light-molecule interactions is introduced to monitor tiny bio-structural changes in a microcavity. Biomimetic liquid crystal droplets with self-assembled lipid monolayers are sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, where subtle protein-lipid membrane interactions trigger the topological transformation of output vector beams. By exploiting Amyloid β (Aβ)-lipid membrane interactions as a proof-of-concept, it is demonstrated that vector laser beams can be viewed as a topology of complex laser modes and polarization states. The concept of topological-encoded laser barcodes is therefore developed to reveal dynamic changes of laser modes and Aβ-lipid interactions with different Aβ assembly structures. The findings demonstrate that the topology of vector beams represents significant features of intracavity nano-structural dynamics resulted from structured light-molecule interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shih‐Hsiu Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Georgiou K, McGhee KE, Jayaprakash R, Lidzey DG. Observation of photon-mode decoupling in a strongly coupled multimode microcavity. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124309. [PMID: 33810682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have fabricated organic semiconductor microcavities having an extended optical path-length (up to 2 µm) that contain J-aggregates of a cyanine dye. These structures are studied using optical-reflectivity and are found to be characterized by a series of polaritonic modes. By changing the effective oscillator strength of the dye within the cavity, we evidence a transition from "normal" strong coupling in which the photon modes are coupled to one another via the excitonic transition of the molecular dye to a state in which photon-modes become decoupled. We use an eight-level modified Hamiltonian to describe the optical properties of the system and compare the distribution of the confined optical field in coupled and decoupled structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lüttgens JM, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J. Population of Exciton-Polaritons via Luminescent sp 3 Defects in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:182-193. [PMID: 33506074 PMCID: PMC7821305 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are an interesting material for strong-light matter coupling due to their stable excitons, narrow emission in the near-infrared region, and high charge carrier mobilities. Furthermore, they have emerged as quantum light sources as a result of the controlled introduction of luminescent quantum defects (sp3 defects) with red-shifted transitions that enable single-photon emission. The complex photophysics of SWCNTs and the overall goal of polariton condensation pose the question of how exciton-polaritons are populated and how the process might be optimized. The contributions of possible relaxation processes, i.e., scattering with acoustic phonons, vibrationally assisted scattering, and radiative pumping, are investigated using angle-resolved reflectivity and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on microcavities with a wide range of detunings. We show that the predominant population mechanism for SWCNT exciton-polaritons in planar microcavities is radiative pumping. Consequently, the limitation of polariton population due to the low photoluminescence quantum yield of nanotubes can be overcome by luminescent sp3 defects. Without changing the polariton branch structure, radiative pumping through these emissive defects leads to an up to 10-fold increase of the polariton population for detunings with a large photon fraction. Thus, the controlled and tunable functionalization of SWCNTs with sp3 defects presents a viable route toward bright and efficient polariton devices.
Collapse
|
29
|
Arnardottir KB, Moilanen AJ, Strashko A, Törmä P, Keeling J. Multimode Organic Polariton Lasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233603. [PMID: 33337197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a beyond-mean-field approach to predict the nature of organic polariton lasing, accounting for all relevant photon modes in a planar microcavity. Starting from a microscopic picture, we show how lasing can switch between polaritonic states resonant with the maximal gain, and those at the bottom of the polariton dispersion. We show how the population of nonlasing modes can be found, and by using two-time correlations, we show how the photoluminescence spectrum (of both lasing and nonlasing modes) evolves with pumping and coupling strength, confirming recent experimental work on the origin of blueshift for polariton lasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B Arnardottir
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Antti J Moilanen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Artem Strashko
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Päivi Törmä
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dusel M, Betzold S, Egorov OA, Klembt S, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Höfling S, Schneider C. Room temperature organic exciton-polariton condensate in a lattice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2863. [PMID: 32514026 PMCID: PMC7280250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interacting Bosons in artificial lattices have emerged as a modern platform to explore collective manybody phenomena and exotic phases of matter as well as to enable advanced on-chip simulators. On chip, exciton–polaritons emerged as a promising system to implement and study bosonic non-linear systems in lattices, demanding cryogenic temperatures. We discuss an experiment conducted on a polaritonic lattice at ambient conditions: We utilize fluorescent proteins providing ultra-stable Frenkel excitons. Their soft nature allows for mechanically shaping them in the photonic lattice. We demonstrate controlled loading of the coherent condensate in distinct orbital lattice modes of different symmetries. Finally, we explore the self-localization of the condensate in a gap-state, driven by the interplay of effective interaction and negative effective mass in our lattice. We believe that this work establishes organic polaritons as a serious contender to the well-established GaAs platform for a wide range of applications relying on coherent Bosons in lattices. Many studies of polariton condensates have been limited to low temperatures. Here the authors demonstrate ambient polariton condensation in lattices using organic traps that profit from the stability of organic excitons and the large Rabi splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dusel
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
| | - S Betzold
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - O A Egorov
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Solid State Optics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - S Klembt
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - J Ohmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - U Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Roxby DN, Yuan Z, Krishnamoorthy S, Wu P, Tu W, Chang G, Lau R, Chen Y. Enhanced Biophotocurrent Generation in Living Photosynthetic Optical Resonator. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903707. [PMID: 32537412 PMCID: PMC7284217 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy from photosynthetic living organisms is a potential solution for energy-harvesting and bioelectricity-generation issues. With the emerging interest in biophotovoltaics, extracting electricity from photosynthetic organisms remains challenging because of the low electron-transition rate and photon collection efficiency due to membrane shielding. In this study, the concept of "photosynthetic resonator" to amplify biological nanoelectricity through the confinement of living microalgae (Chlorella sp.) in an optical micro/nanocavity is demonstrated. Strong energy coupling between the Fabry-Perot cavity mode and photosynthetic resonance offers the potential of exploiting optical resonators to amplify photocurrent generation as well as energy harvesting. Biomimetic models and living photosynthesis are explored in which the power is increased by almost 600% and 200%, respectively. Systematic studies of photosystem fluorescence and photocurrent are simultaneously carried out. Finally, an optofluidic-based photosynthetic device is developed. It is envisaged that the key innovations proposed in this study can provide comprehensive insights in biological-energy sciences, suggesting a new avenue to amplify electrochemical signals using an optical cavity. Promising applications include photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, biofuel devices, and sustainable optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Roxby
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Sankaran Krishnamoorthy
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| | - Pinchieh Wu
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Chen Tu
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan CityTaiwan
| | - Guo‐En Chang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Chung Cheng UniversityChiayiTaiwan
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Keeling J, Kéna-Cohen S. Bose–Einstein Condensation of Exciton-Polaritons in Organic Microcavities. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2020; 71:435-459. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-010920-102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bose–Einstein condensation describes the macroscopic occupation of a single-particle mode: the condensate. This state can in principle be realized for any particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics; this includes hybrid light-matter excitations known as polaritons. Some of the unique optoelectronic properties of organic molecules make them especially well suited for the realization of polariton condensates. Exciton-polaritons form in optical cavities when electronic excitations couple collectively to the optical mode supported by the cavity. These polaritons obey bosonic statistics at moderate densities, are stable at room temperature, and have been observed to form a condensed or lasing state. Understanding the optimal conditions for polariton condensation requires careful modeling of the complex photophysics of organic molecules. In this article, we introduce the basic physics of exciton-polaritons and condensation and review experiments demonstrating polariton condensation in molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Keeling
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Kéna-Cohen
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thomas SK, Jamieson WD, Gwyther REA, Bowen BJ, Beachey A, Worthy HL, Macdonald JE, Elliott M, Castell OK, Jones DD. Site-Specific Protein Photochemical Covalent Attachment to Carbon Nanotube Side Walls and Its Electronic Impact on Single Molecule Function. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:584-594. [PMID: 31743647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional integration of proteins with carbon-based nanomaterials such as nanotubes holds great promise in emerging electronic and optoelectronic applications. Control over protein attachment poses a major challenge for consistent and useful device fabrication, especially when utilizing single/few molecule properties. Here, we exploit genetically encoded phenyl azide photochemistry to define the direct covalent attachment of four different proteins, including the fluorescent protein GFP and a β-lactamase binding protein (BBP), to carbon nanotube side walls. AFM showed that on attachment BBP could still recognize and bind additional protein components. Single molecule fluorescence revealed that on attachment to SWCNTs function was retained and there was feedback to GFP in terms of fluorescence intensity and improved resistance to photobleaching; GFP is fluorescent for much longer on attachment. The site of attachment proved important in terms of electronic impact on GFP function, with the attachment site furthest from the chromophore having the larger effect on fluorescence. Our approach provides a versatile and general method for generating intimate protein-CNT hybrid bioconjugates. It can be potentially applied to any protein of choice; the attachment position and thus interface characteristics with the CNT can easily be changed by simply placing the phenyl azide chemistry at different residues by gene mutagenesis. Thus, our approach will allow consistent construction and modulate functional coupling through changing the protein attachment position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne K Thomas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - W David Jamieson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E A Gwyther
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Bowen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Beachey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Harley L Worthy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - J Emyr Macdonald
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Elliott
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver K Castell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - D Dafydd Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tsvetkova IB, Anil Sushma A, Wang JCY, Schaich WL, Dragnea B. Radiation Brightening from Virus-like Particles. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11401-11408. [PMID: 31335115 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentration quenching is a well-known challenge in many fluorescence imaging applications. Here, we show that the optical emission from hundreds of chromophores confined onto the surface of a 28 nm diameter virus particle can be recovered under pulsed irradiation. We have found that as one increases the number of chromophores tightly bound to the virus surface, fluorescence quenching ensues at first, but when the number of chromophores per particle is nearing the maximum number of surface sites allowable, a sudden brightening of the emitted light and a shortening of the excited-state lifetime are observed. This radiation brightening occurs only under short pulse excitation; steady-state excitation is characterized by conventional concentration quenching for any number of chromophores per particle. The observed suppression of fluorescence quenching is consistent with efficient, collective relaxation at room temperature. Interestingly, radiation brightening disappears when the emitters' spatial and/or dynamic heterogeneity is increased, suggesting that the template structural properties may play a role that could be instrumental in developing virus-enabled imaging vectors that have optical properties qualitatively different than those of state-of-the-art biophotonic agents.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vergauwe RMA, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Shalabney A, George J, Chervy T, Seidel M, Devaux E, Torbeev V, Ebbesen TW. Modification of Enzyme Activity by Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15324-15328. [PMID: 31449707 PMCID: PMC6856831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) has recently emerged as a completely new tool for influencing chemical reactivity. It harnesses electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations through the creation of hybrid states of light and matter, called polaritonic states, in an optical cavity resonant to a molecular absorption band. Here, we investigate the effect of vibrational strong coupling of water on the enzymatic activity of pepsin, where a water molecule is directly involved in the enzyme's chemical mechanism. We observe an approximately 4.5-fold decrease of the apparent second-order rate constant kcat /Km when coupling the water stretching vibration, whereas no effect was detected for the strong coupling of the bending vibration. The possibility of modifying enzymatic activity by coupling water demonstrates the potential of VSC as a new tool to study biochemical reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Jino George
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
- Present address: Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliKnowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, ManauliPO 140306MohaliIndia
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
- Present address: Institute for Quantum ElectronicsETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 18093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Seidel
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vergauwe RMA, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Shalabney A, George J, Chervy T, Seidel M, Devaux E, Torbeev V, Ebbesen TW. Modification of Enzyme Activity by Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | | | - Jino George
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306 Mohali India
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Present address: Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Seidel
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nikolis VC, Mischok A, Siegmund B, Kublitski J, Jia X, Benduhn J, Hörmann U, Neher D, Gather MC, Spoltore D, Vandewal K. Strong light-matter coupling for reduced photon energy losses in organic photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3706. [PMID: 31420555 PMCID: PMC6697723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling can re-arrange the exciton energies in organic semiconductors. Here, we exploit strong coupling by embedding a fullerene-free organic solar cell (OSC) photo-active layer into an optical microcavity, leading to the formation of polariton peaks and a red-shift of the optical gap. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage of the device remains unaffected. This leads to reduced photon energy losses for the low-energy polaritons and a steepening of the absorption edge. While strong coupling reduces the optical gap, the energy of the charge-transfer state is not affected for large driving force donor-acceptor systems. Interestingly, this implies that strong coupling can be exploited in OSCs to reduce the driving force for electron transfer, without chemical or microstructural modifications of the photo-active layer. Our work demonstrates that the processes determining voltage losses in OSCs can now be tuned, and reduced to unprecedented values, simply by manipulating the device architecture. Strong light-matter coupling can tune exciton properties but its effect in photovoltaics remains unexplored. Here Nikolis et al. show that the photon energy loss from optical gap to open-circuit voltage can be reduced to unprecedented values by embedding organic solar cells in optical microcavities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios C Nikolis
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany. .,Heliatek GmbH, Treidlerstraße 3, 01139, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas Mischok
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St, Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Bernhard Siegmund
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Heliatek GmbH, Treidlerstraße 3, 01139, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Kublitski
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hörmann
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St, Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Donato Spoltore
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany. .,Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hanai R, Edelman A, Ohashi Y, Littlewood PB. Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:185301. [PMID: 31144881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.185301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel mechanism for a nonequilibrium phase transition in a U(1)-broken phase of an electron-hole-photon system, from a Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons to a photon laser, induced by the non-Hermitian nature of the condensate. We show that a (uniform) steady state of the condensate can always be classified into two types, namely, arising either from lower or upper-branch polaritons. We prove (for a general model) and demonstrate (for a particular model of polaritons) that an exceptional point where the two types coalesce marks the end point of a first-order-like phase boundary between the two types, similar to a critical point in a liquid-gas phase transition. Since the phase transition found in this paper is not in general triggered by population inversion, our result implies that the second threshold observed in experiments is not necessarily a strong-to-weak-coupling transition, contrary to the widely believed understanding. Although our calculation mainly aims to clarify polariton physics, our discussion is applicable to general driven-dissipative condensates composed of two complex fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hanai
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Alexander Edelman
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yoji Ohashi
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Peter B Littlewood
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takaba K, Tai Y, Eki H, Dao HA, Hanazono Y, Hasegawa K, Miki K, Takeda K. Subatomic resolution X-ray structures of green fluorescent protein. IUCRJ 2019; 6:387-400. [PMID: 31098020 PMCID: PMC6503917 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251900246x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a light-emitting protein that does not require a prosthetic group for its fluorescent activity. As such, GFP has become indispensable as a molecular tool in molecular biology. Nonetheless, there has been no subatomic elucidation of the GFP structure owing to the structural polymorphism around the chromophore. Here, subatomic resolution X-ray structures of GFP without the structural polymorphism are reported. The positions of H atoms, hydrogen-bonding network patterns and accurate geometric parameters were determined for the two protonated forms. Compared with previously determined crystal structures and theoretically optimized structures, the anionic chromophores of the structures represent the authentic resonance state of GFP. In addition, charge-density analysis based on atoms-in-molecules theory and noncovalent interaction analysis highlight weak but substantial interactions between the chromophore and the protein environment. Considered with the derived chemical indicators, the lone pair-π interactions between the chromophore and Thr62 should play a sufficient role in maintaining the electronic state of the chromophore. These results not only reveal the fine structural features that are critical to understanding the properties of GFP, but also highlight the limitations of current quantum-chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Takaba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yang Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Eki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hoang-Anh Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuya Hanazono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kottilil D, Gupta M, Tomar K, Zhou F, Vijayan C, Bharadwaj PK, Ji W. Cost-Effective Realization of Multimode Exciton-Polaritons in Single-Crystalline Microplates of a Layered Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7288-7295. [PMID: 30697998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of multimode exciton-polaritons in single-crystalline microplates of a two-dimensional (2D) layered metal-organic framework (MOF), which can be synthesized through a facile solvothermal approach, thereby eliminating all fabrication complexities usually involved in the construction of polariton cavities. With a combination of experiments and theoretical modeling, we have found that the exciton-polaritons are formed at room temperature as a result of a strong coupling between Fabry-Perot cavity modes formed inherently by two parallel surfaces of a microplate and Frenkel excitons provided by the 2D layers of dye molecular linkers in the MOF. Flexibility in rational selection of dye linkers for synthesizing such MOFs renders a large-scale, low-cost production of solid-state, micro-exciton-polaritonic devices operating in the visible and near-infrared range. Our work introduces MOFs as a new class of potential materials to explore polariton-related quantum phenomena in a cost-effective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kottilil
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Kapil Tomar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - C Vijayan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036 , India
| | - Parimal K Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 3, Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hertzog M, Wang M, Mony J, Börjesson K. Strong light-matter interactions: a new direction within chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:937-961. [PMID: 30662987 PMCID: PMC6365945 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strong light–matter coupling enables the possibility of changing the properties of molecules, without modifying their chemical structures, thus enabling a completely new way to study chemistry and explore materials.
It is possible to modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules, not only through chemical modifications but also by coupling molecules strongly to light. More intriguingly, strong coupling between molecules and light is possible even without the presence of a photon. The phenomenon that makes this possible is called vacuum fluctuations, which is the finite zero point energy of the quantized electromagnetic field inside an optical cavity. The light–matter coupling, which can be as large as 1 eV (100 kJ mol–1), leads to the formation of new hybrid states, called polaritons. The formed hybrid states can be viewed as a linear combination of light (vacuum field) and matter (molecules), thus completely changing the energy landscape of the system. Using vacuum fluctuations, strong light–matter interactions have for instance been used to change chemical reactivity, charge conductivity, excited state relaxation pathways and rates of chemical reactions of organic molecules. In this review a brief history of the field is given, followed by a theoretical framework, methods of analysis, and a review of accomplishments. Finally, a personal reflection on the future perspectives and applications within this field is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hertzog
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemigården 4, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen YC, Chen Q, Tan X, Chen G, Bergin I, Aslam MN, Fan X. Chromatin laser imaging reveals abnormal nuclear changes for early cancer detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:838-854. [PMID: 30800518 PMCID: PMC6377874 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed and applied rapid scanning laser-emission microscopy (LEM) to detect abnormal changes in cell nuclei for early diagnosis of cancer and cancer precursors. Regulation of chromatins is essential for genetic development and normal cell functions, while abnormal nuclear changes may lead to many diseases, in particular, cancer. The capability to detect abnormal changes in "apparently normal" tissues at a stage earlier than tumor development is critical for cancer prevention. Here we report using LEM to analyze colonic tissues from mice at-risk for colon cancer (induced by a high-fat diet) by detecting pre-polyp nuclear abnormality. By imaging the lasing emissions from chromatins, we discovered that, despite the absence of observable lesions, polyps, or tumors under stereoscope, high-fat mice exhibited significantly lower lasing thresholds than low-fat mice. The low lasing threshold is, in fact, very similar to that of adenomas and is caused by abnormal cell proliferation and chromatin deregulation that can potentially lead to cancer. Our findings suggest that conventional detection methods, such as colonoscopy followed by histopathology, by itself, may be insufficient to reveal hidden or early tumors under development. We envision that this innovative work will provide new insights into LEM and support existing tools for early tumor detection in clinical diagnosis, and fundamental biological and biomedical research of chromatin changes at the biomolecular level of cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaotain Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Grace Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Aslam
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jamadi O, Reveret F, Disseix P, Medard F, Leymarie J, Moreau A, Solnyshkov D, Deparis C, Leroux M, Cambril E, Bouchoule S, Zuniga-Perez J, Malpuech G. Edge-emitting polariton laser and amplifier based on a ZnO waveguide. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:82. [PMID: 30393535 PMCID: PMC6207564 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate edge-emitting exciton-polariton (polariton) laser operation from 5 to 300 K and polariton amplifiers based on polariton modes within ZnO waveguides. The guided mode dispersion below and above the lasing threshold is directly measured using gratings placed on top of the sample, fully demonstrating the polaritonic nature of the lasing modes. The threshold is found to be smaller than that expected for radiative polaritons in planar ZnO microcavities below 150 K and comparable above. These results open up broad perspectives for guided polaritonics by enabling easier and more straightforward implementation of polariton integrated circuits that exploit fast propagating polaritons, and, possibly, topological protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Jamadi
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F. Reveret
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P. Disseix
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F. Medard
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J. Leymarie
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A. Moreau
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D. Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C. Deparis
- UCA, CRHEA-CNRS, Valbonne, F-06560 France
| | - M. Leroux
- UCA, CRHEA-CNRS, Valbonne, F-06560 France
| | - E. Cambril
- Centre Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Marcoussis, F-91460 France
| | - S. Bouchoule
- Centre Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Marcoussis, F-91460 France
| | | | - G. Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Su R, Wang J, Zhao J, Xing J, Zhao W, Diederichs C, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Room temperature long-range coherent exciton polariton condensate flow in lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau0244. [PMID: 30397645 PMCID: PMC6203223 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel technological applications significantly favor alternatives to electrons toward constructing low power-consuming, high-speed all-optical integrated optoelectronic devices. Polariton condensates, exhibiting high-speed coherent propagation and spin-based behavior, attract considerable interest for implementing the basic elements of integrated optoelectronic devices: switching, transport, and logic. However, the implementation of this coherent polariton condensate flow is typically limited to cryogenic temperatures, constrained by small exciton binding energy in most semiconductor microcavities. Here, we demonstrate the capability of long-range nonresonantly excited polariton condensate flow at room temperature in a one-dimensional all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite microwire microcavity. The polariton condensate exhibits high-speed propagation over macroscopic distances of 60 μm while still preserving the long-range off-diagonal order. Our findings pave the way for using coherent polariton condensate flow for all-optical integrated logic circuits and polaritonic devices operating at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xing
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carole Diederichs
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore, Singapore
- NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Apter B, Lapshina N, Handelman A, Fainberg BD, Rosenman G. Peptide Nanophotonics: From Optical Waveguiding to Precise Medicine and Multifunctional Biochips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801147. [PMID: 30027685 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical waveguiding phenomena found in bioinspired chemically synthesized peptide nanostructures are a new paradigm which can revolutionize emerging fields of precise medicine and health monitoring. A unique combination of their intrinsic biocompatibility with remarkable multifunctional optical properties and developed nanotechnology of large peptide wafers makes them highly promising for new biomedical light therapy tools and implantable optical biochips. This Review highlights a new field of peptide nanophotonics. It covers peptide nanotechnology and the fabrication process of peptide integrated optical circuits, basic studies of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in biological and bioinspired nanostructures, and their passive and active optical waveguiding. It is shown that the optical properties of this generation of bio-optical materials are governed by fundamental biological processes. Refolding the peptide secondary structure is followed by wideband optical absorption and visible tunable fluorescence. In peptide optical waveguides, such a bio-optical effect leads to switching from passive waveguiding mode in native α-helical phase to an active one in the β-sheet phase. The found active waveguiding effect in β-sheet fiber structures below optical diffraction limit opens an avenue for the future development of new bionanophotonics in ultrathin peptide/protein fibrillar structures toward advanced biomedical nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Apter
- Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Nadezda Lapshina
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amir Handelman
- Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Boris D Fainberg
- Faculty of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gil Rosenman
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Klaas M, Schlottmann E, Flayac H, Laussy FP, Gericke F, Schmidt M, Helversen MV, Beyer J, Brodbeck S, Suchomel H, Höfling S, Reitzenstein S, Schneider C. Photon-Number-Resolved Measurement of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:047401. [PMID: 30095927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure the full photon-number distribution emitted from a Bose condensate of microcavity exciton polaritons confined in a micropillar cavity. The statistics are acquired by means of a photon-number-resolving transition edge sensor. We directly observe that the photon-number distribution evolves with the nonresonant optical excitation power from geometric to quasi-Poissonian statistics, which is canonical for a transition from a thermal to a coherent state. Moreover, the photon-number distribution allows one to evaluate the higher-order photon correlations, shedding further light on the coherence formation and phase transition of the polariton condensate. The experimental data are analyzed in terms of thermal-coherent states, which gives direct access to the thermal and coherent fraction from the measured distributions. These results pave the way for a full understanding of the contribution of interactions in light-matter condensates in the coherence buildup at threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Klaas
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Schlottmann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Flayac
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F P Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - F Gericke
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Helversen
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Beyer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Brodbeck
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Suchomel
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - S Reitzenstein
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Möhl C, Graf A, Berger FJ, Lüttgens J, Zakharko Y, Lumsargis V, Gather MC, Zaumseil J. Trion-Polariton Formation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Microcavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2018; 5:2074-2080. [PMID: 29963582 PMCID: PMC6019025 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation and tuning of charged trion-polaritons in polymer-sorted (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes in a planar metal-clad microcavity at room temperature. The positively charged trion-polaritons were induced by electrochemical doping and characterized by angle-resolved reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The doping level of the nanotubes within the microcavity was controlled by the applied bias and thus enabled tuning from mainly excitonic to a mixture of exciton and trion transitions. Mode splitting of more than 70 meV around the trion energy and emission from the new lower polariton branch corroborate a transition from exciton-polaritons (neutral) to trion-polaritons (charged). The estimated charge-to-mass ratio of these trion-polaritons is 200 times higher than that of electrons or holes in carbon nanotubes, which has exciting implications for the realization of polaritonic charge transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Möhl
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüttgens
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuriy Zakharko
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Lumsargis
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fernández-Luna V, Coto PB, Costa RD. When Fluorescent Proteins Meet White Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8826-8836. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Staudtstr. 7/ B2 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Current address: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; Universidad de Oviedo; Avda. Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain) Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/ Eric Kandel, 2, Tecnogetafe 28906, Getafe Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fernández-Luna V, Coto PB, Costa RD. Wenn fluoreszierende Proteine und Weißlicht emittierende Dioden aufeinandertreffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Staudtstraße 7/ B2 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; Universidad de Oviedo; Avda. Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spanien
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/ Eric Kandel, 2, Tecnogetafe 28906, Getafe Madrid Spanien
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mochalov KE, Vaskan IS, Dovzhenko DS, Rakovich YP, Nabiev I. A versatile tunable microcavity for investigation of light-matter interaction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053105. [PMID: 29864833 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction between a molecular ensemble and a confined electromagnetic field is a promising area of research, as it allows light-control of the properties of coupled matter. The common way to achieve coupling is to place an ensemble of molecules or quantum emitters into a cavity. In this approach, light-matter coupling is evidenced by modification of the spectral response of the emitter, which depends on the strength of interaction between emitter and cavity modes. However, there is not yet a user-friendly approach that allows the study of a large number of different and replaceable samples in a wide optical range using the same resonator. Here, we present the design of such a device that can speed up and facilitate investigation of light-matter interaction ranging from weak to strong coupling regimes in ultraviolet-visible and infrared (IR) spectral regions. The device is based on a tunable unstable λ/2 Fabry-Pérot microcavity consisting of plane and convex mirrors that satisfy the plane-parallelism condition at least at one point of the curved mirror and minimize the mode volume. Fine tuning of the microcavity length is provided by a Z-piezopositioner in a range up to 10 μm with a step of several nm. This design makes a device a versatile instrument that ensures easy finding of optimal conditions for light-matter interaction for almost any sample in both visible and IR areas, enabling observation of both electronic and vibrational couplings with microcavity modes thus paving the way to investigation of various coupling effects including Raman scattering enhancement, modification of chemical reactivity rate, lasing, and long-distance nonradiative energy transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin E Mochalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Vaskan
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy S Dovzhenko
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury P Rakovich
- International Laboratory of Hybrid Photonic Nanomaterials, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|