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Guillory WX, de Medeiros Magalhães F, Coelho FEA, Bonatelli IAS, Palma-Silva C, Moraes EM, Garda AA, Burbrink FT, Gehara M. Geoclimatic drivers of diversification in the largest arid and semi-arid environment of the Neotropics: Perspectives from phylogeography. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17431. [PMID: 38877815 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The South American Dry Diagonal, also called the Diagonal of Open Formations, is a large region of seasonally dry vegetation extending from northeastern Brazil to northern Argentina, comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco subregions. A growing body of phylogeography literature has determined that a complex history of climatic changes coupled with more ancient geological events has produced a diverse and endemic-rich Dry Diagonal biota. However, the exact drivers are still under investigation, and their relative strengths and effects are controversial. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structured lineages via vegetation shifts, refugium formation, and corridors between the Amazon and Atlantic forests. In some taxa, older geological events, such as the reconfiguration of the São Francisco River, uplift of the Central Brazilian Plateau, or the Miocene inundation of the Chaco by marine incursions, were more important. Here, we review the Dry Diagonal phylogeography literature, discussing each hypothesized driver of diversification and assessing degree of support. Few studies statistically test these hypotheses, with most support drawn from associating encountered phylogeographic patterns such as population structure with the timing of ancient geoclimatic events. Across statistical studies, most hypotheses are well supported, with the exception of the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis. However, taxonomic and regional biases persist, such as a proportional overabundance of herpetofauna studies, and the under-representation of Chaco studies. Overall, both Pleistocene climate change and Neogene geological events shaped the evolution of the Dry Diagonal biota, though the precise effects are regionally and taxonomically varied. We encourage further use of model-based analyses to test evolutionary scenarios, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations to progress the field beyond its current focus on the traditional set of geoclimatic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson X Guillory
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Isabel A S Bonatelli
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarisse Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrian Antonio Garda
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Marcelo Gehara
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Bedoya AM. Botany and geogenomics: Constraining geological hypotheses in the neotropics with large-scale genetic data derived from plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16306. [PMID: 38557829 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well-known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes. This conceptual shift aligns with the goals of the emerging field of geogenomics. In the neotropics, plant geogenomics is a powerful tool for the reciprocal exploration of two long standing questions in biology and geology: how the dynamic landscape of the region came to be and how it shaped the evolution of the richest flora. Current challenges that are specific to analytical approaches for plant geogenomics are discussed. I describe the scale at which various geological questions can be addressed from biological data and what makes some groups of plants excellent model systems for geogenomics research. Although plant geogenomics is discussed with reference to the neotropics, the recommendations given here for approaches to plant geogenomics can and should be expanded to exploring long-standing questions on how the earth evolved with the use of plant DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bedoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
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3
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Benites-Palomino A, Aguirre-Fernández G, Baby P, Ochoa D, Altamirano A, Flynn JJ, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Tejada JV, de Muizon C, Salas-Gismondi R. The largest freshwater odontocete: A South Asian river dolphin relative from the proto-Amazonia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6320. [PMID: 38507490 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Several dolphin lineages have independently invaded freshwater systems. Among these, the evolution of the South Asian river dolphin Platanista and its relatives (Platanistidae) remains virtually unknown as fossils are scarce. Here, we describe Pebanista yacuruna gen. et sp. nov., a dolphin from the Miocene proto-Amazonia of Peru, recovered in phylogenies as the closest relative of Platanista. Morphological characters such as an elongated rostrum and large supraorbital crests, along with ecological interpretations, indicate that this odontocete was fully adapted to fresh waters. Pebanista constitutes the largest freshwater odontocete known, with an estimated body length of 3 meters, highlighting the ample resource availability and biotic diversity in the region, during the Early to Middle Miocene. The finding of Pebanista in proto-Amazonian layers attests that platanistids ventured into freshwater ecosystems not only in South Asia but also in South America, before the modern Amazon River dolphin, during a crucial moment for the Amazonian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Benites-Palomino
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | | | - Patrice Baby
- Geosciences-Environnements Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UPS (SVT-OMP), CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Diana Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departmento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Ali Altamirano
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
| | - John J Flynn
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Graduate Programs in Biology and Earth and Environmental Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Julia V Tejada
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christian de Muizon
- Departement Origines et Evolution, CR2P UMR 7207, (MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne-Université), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, rue Cuvier 57, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
- Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de Historia Natural-Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias e Ingienerías/Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
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4
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Rull V. An Updated Review of Fossil Pollen Evidence for the Study of the Origin, Evolution and Diversification of Caribbean Mangroves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3852. [PMID: 38005749 PMCID: PMC10674848 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the evolutionary history of the Caribbean mangroves has been reconsidered using partial palynological databases organized by the time intervals of interest, namely Late Cretaceous to Eocene for the origin, the Eocene-Oligocene transition for major turnover and Neogene to Quaternary for diversification. These discussions have been published in a set of sequential papers, but the raw information remains unknown. This paper reviews all the information available and provides the first comprehensive and updated compilation of the abovementioned partial databases. This compilation is called CARMA-F (CARibbean MAngroves-Fossil) and includes nearly 90 localities from the present and past Caribbean coasts, ranging from the Late Cretaceous to the Pliocene. Details on the Quaternary localities (CARMA-Q) will be published later. CARMA-F lists and illustrates the fossil pollen from past mangrove taxa and their extant representatives, and includes a map of the studied localities and a conventional spreadsheet with the raw data. The compilation is the most complete available for the study of the origin, evolution and diversification of Caribbean mangroves, and is open to modifications for adapting it to the particular interests of each researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentí Rull
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Pg. del Migdia s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C. de les Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Ronez C, Carrillo-Briceño JD, Hadler P, Sánchez-Villagra MR, Pardiñas UFJ. Pliocene sigmodontine rodents (Mammalia: Cricetidae) in northernmost South America: test of biogeographic hypotheses and revised evolutionary scenarios. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221417. [PMID: 37538748 PMCID: PMC10394426 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We document the first occurrence of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of northern South America, from the San Gregorio Formation of northwestern Venezuela. The recovered isolated molars are identified as Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp., two currently widespread sigmodontines in South America. These records constitute the oldest representatives of these genera, potentially new species, and the first Pliocene occurrence for Oryzomyini and the whole subfamily outside Argentina. Hypotheses on the historical biogeography of sigmodontines have been constructed almost exclusively using genetic data and the fossils we report provide a new kind of evidence. The occurrence of Oligoryzomys sp. and Zygodontomys sp. in Venezuela provides novel information for the diversification models suggested for Oligoryzomys, by supporting a potential eastern corridor of open environments from northern to southern South America. The presence of sigmodontines from the locality home of the new reports, Norte Casa Chiguaje, is consistent with the palaeoenvironmental conditions originally proposed for it based on mammals and botanical records, being characterized as mixed open grassland/forest areas surrounding permanent freshwater systems. The new sigmodontine evidence is used to discuss the putative scenarios of the ancient evolution of the subfamily in South America, favouring a model in which open areas (savannahs) to the east of the Andes played crucial role aiding or obstructing Late Miocene-Pliocene sigmodontine dispersion southwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ronez
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto, Madryn, Argentina
| | | | - Patrícia Hadler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto, Madryn, Argentina
- Associate Researcher, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito 170135, Ecuador
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6
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Jaramillo C. The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:477-493. [PMID: 37103892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation from being dominated by non-angiosperms at the onset of the Cretaceous to full angiosperm dominance nowadays. Cretaceous tropical biomes do not have extant equivalents; lowland forests, dominated mainly by gymnosperms and ferns, lacked a closed canopy. This condition was radically transformed following the massive extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The extant lowland tropical rainforests first developed at the onset of the Cenozoic with a multistratified forest, an angiosperm-dominated closed canopy, and the dominance of the main families of the tropics including legumes. Cenozoic rainforest diversity has increased during global warming and decreased during global cooling. Tropical dry forests emerged at least by the late Eocene, whereas other Neotropical biomes including tropical savannas, montane forests, páramo/puna, and xerophytic forest are much younger, greatly expanding during the late Neogene, probably at the onset of the Quaternary, at the expense of the rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panama
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Miranda CL, Farias IP, Da Silva MNF, Antonelli A, Machado AF, Leite RN, Nunes MDS, De Oliveira TG, Pieczarka JC. Diversification of Amazonian spiny tree rats in genus Makalata (Rodentia, Echimyidae): Cryptic diversity, geographic structure and drivers of speciation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276475. [PMID: 36520936 PMCID: PMC9754209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian mammal diversity is exceptionally high, yet new taxonomic discoveries continue to be made and many questions remain for understanding its diversification through time and space. Here we investigate the diversification of spiny rats in the genus Makalata, whose species are strongly associated with seasonally flooded forests, watercourses and flooded islands. We use a biogeographical approach based on a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene through divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our findings indicate an ancient origin of Makalata for the Guiana Shield and Eastern Amazonia as ancestral area. A first cladogenetic event led to a phylogeographic break into two broader clades of Makalata through dispersal, implying a pattern of western/Eastern Amazonian clades coinciding with the Purus Arch (middle Miocene). Most of subclades we infer originated between the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, with few recent exceptions in the early Pliocene through dispersal and vicariant events. The hypothesis of rivers as dispersal barriers is not corroborated for Makalata, as expected for mammalian species associated with seasonally flooded environments. We identify two key events for the expansion and diversification of Makalata species: the presence of geologically stable areas in the Guiana and Brazilian shields and the transition from lacustrine conditions in western Amazonia (Acre system) to a river system, with the establishment of the Amazon River transcontinental system and its tributaries. Our results are congruent with older geological scenarios for the Amazon basin formation (Miocene), but we do not discard the influence of recent dynamics on some speciation events and, mainly, on phylogeographic structuring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleuton Lima Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Zoology of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Evolution and Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Laboratory of Animal Evolution and Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Arielli Fabrício Machado
- Laboratory of Animal Evolution and Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, National Amazon Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rafael N. Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, National Amazon Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Mario Da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Animal Evolution and Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Pimiento C, Antonelli A. Integrating deep-time palaeontology in conservation prioritisation. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.959364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halting biodiversity loss under growing anthropogenic pressure is arguably the greatest environmental challenge we face. Given that not all species are equally threatened and that resources are always limited, establishing robust prioritisation schemes is critical for implementing effective conservation actions. To this end, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species has become a widely used source of information on species’ extinction risk. Various metrics have been proposed that combine IUCN status with different aspects of biodiversity to identify conservation priorities. However, current strategies do not take full advantage of palaeontological data, with conservation palaeobiology often focussing on the near-time fossil record (the last 2 million years). Here, we make a case for the value of the deep-time (over 2 million years ago), as it can offer tangible parallels with today’s biodiversity crisis and inform on the intrinsic traits that make species prone to extinction. As such, palaeontological data holds great predictive power, which could be harnessed to flag species likely to be threatened but that are currently too poorly known to be identified as such. Finally, we identify key IUCN-based prioritisation metrics and outline opportunities for integrating palaeontological data to validate their implementation. Although the human signal of the current extinction crisis makes direct comparisons with the geological past challenging, the deep-time fossil record has more to offer to conservation than is currently recognised.
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Rodriguez-Muñoz E, Montes C, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, Crawford AJ. Synthesis of geological data and comparative phylogeography of lowland tetrapods suggests recent dispersal through lowland portals crossing the Eastern Andean Cordillera. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13186. [PMID: 35855906 PMCID: PMC9288170 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicariance is the simplest explanation for divergence between sister lineages separated by a potential barrier, and the northern Andes would seem to provide an ideal example of a vicariant driver of divergence. We evaluated the potential role of the uplift of the Eastern Cordillera (EC) of the Colombian Andes and the Mérida Andes (MA) of Venezuela as drivers of vicariance between lowland populations co-distributed on both flanks. We synthesized published geological data and provided a new reconstruction showing that the EC-MA grew from north to south, reaching significant heights and separating drainages and changing sediment composition by 38-33 million years ago (Ma). A few lowland passes across the EC-MA may have reached their current heights (~1,900 m a.s.l.) at 3-5 Ma. We created a comparative phylogeographic data set for 37 lineages of lowland tetrapods. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, most divergences between sister populations or species across the EC-MA occurred during Pliocene and the Quaternary and a few during the latest Miocene, and coalescent simulations rejected synchronous divergence for most groups. Divergence times were on average slightly but significantly more recent in homeotherms relative to poikilotherms. Because divergence ages are mostly too recent relative to the geological history and too asynchronous relative to each other, divergence across the northern Andes may be better explained by organism-environment interactions concomitant with climate oscillations during the Pleistocene, and/or dispersal across portals through the Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo Montes
- Department of Physics and Geosciences, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic
- Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela,Laboratório de Herpetologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Andrew J. Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Gonçalves RB, De Meira OM, Rosa B. Total-evidence dating and morphological partitioning: a novel approach to understand the phylogeny and biogeography of augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Augochlorini comprise 646 described bee species primarily distributed in the Neotropical region. According to molecular and morphological phylogenies, the tribe is monophyletic and subdivided into seven genus groups. Our main objective is to propose a revised phylogeny of Augochlorini based on a comprehensive data set including fossil species as terminals and new characters from the internal skeleton. We also aim to develop a total-evidence framework incorporating a morphological-partitioned homoplasy approach and molecular data and propose a detailed biogeographic and evolutionary scenario based on ancestor range estimation. Our results recovered Augochlorini and most genus groups as monophyletic, despite some uncertainties about monophyly of the Megalopta and Neocorynura groups. The position of the cleptoparasite Temonosoma is still uncertain. All analyses recovered Augochloropsis s.l. as related to the Megaloptidia group. Internal characters from the head, mesosoma and sting apparatus provided important synapomorphies for most internal nodes, genus groups and genera. Augochlorini diversification occurred in the uplands of the Neotropical region, especially the Brazilian Plateau. Multiple dispersals to Amazonia, Central America and North America with returns to the Atlantic endemism area were recovered in our analysis. Total evidence, including morphological partitioning, was shown to be a reliable approach for phylogenetic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbosa Gonçalves
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Cx. Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Odair Milioni De Meira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Cx. Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Brunnobueno Rosa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Cx. Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
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11
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Gales SM, Ready JS, Sabaj MH, Bernt MJ, Silva DJF, Oliveira C, Oliveira G, Sales JBL. Molecular diversity and historical phylogeography of the widespread genus Mastiglanis (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) based on palaeogeographical events in South America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The catfish family Heptapteridae, endemic in the Neotropical region, is composed of small- to medium-sized species. The genus Mastiglanis was monotypic until very recently and is often misidentified as Imparfinis because of similarities in diagnostic characters, including the length of maxillary barbels and limited pigmentation. We provide the first molecular inference of diversity for samples identified as Mastiglanis. Partial 16S and COI sequences were produced for 84 samples identified morphologically as Mastiglanis from the Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo river basins. Species delimitation and phylogenetic methods recovered the genus as monophyletic, but samples assigned to the species Mastiglanis asopos yielded 21 distinct operational taxonomic units, often in sympatry. The first cladogenesis event, at ~12 Mya, was associated with marine incursions and/or vicariance events between the northward-flowing systems in the west and the rivers that drain to the east. Subsequent diversification during the Miocene and Pliocene was inferred to have resulted from environmental changes associated with Andean orogeny, whereas recent diversification in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene was inferred to result from environmental changes during glacial cycles. Despite the many probable cryptic species found across the large geographical distribution of the genus, further sampling is expected to increase taxonomic richness in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen M Gales
- Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade (CEABIO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência 01, PCT-Guamá, Lote 11. 66075-750, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade (CEABIO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência 01, PCT-Guamá, Lote 11. 66075-750, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Mark H Sabaj
- The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maxwell J Bernt
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, USA
| | - Derlan José Ferreira Silva
- Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade (CEABIO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência 01, PCT-Guamá, Lote 11. 66075-750, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, 250, Botucatu, SP. CEP: 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boa Ventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, PA, CEP: 66055-090, Brazil
| | - João Bráullio L Sales
- Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade (CEABIO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência 01, PCT-Guamá, Lote 11. 66075-750, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Méndez-Camacho K, Leon-Alvarado O, Miranda-Esquivel DR. Biogeographic evidence supports the Old Amazon hypothesis for the formation of the Amazon fluvial system. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12533. [PMID: 34900439 PMCID: PMC8627654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon has high biodiversity, which has been attributed to different geological events such as the formation of rivers. The Old and Young Amazon hypotheses have been proposed regarding the date of the formation of the Amazon basin. Different studies of historical biogeography support the Young Amazon model, however, most studies use secondary calibrations or are performed at the population level, preventing evaluation of a possible older formation of the Amazon basin. Here, we evaluated the fit of molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic data to previous models regarding the age of formation of the Amazon fluvial system. We reconstructed time-calibrated molecular phylogenies through Bayesian inference for six taxa belonging to Amphibia, Aves, Insecta and Mammalia, using both, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data and fossils as calibration points, and explored priors for both data sources. We detected the most plausible vicariant barriers for each phylogeny and performed an ancestral reconstruction analysis using areas bounded by major Amazonian rivers, and therefore, evaluated the effect of different dispersal rates over time based on geological and biogeographical information. The majority of the genes analyzed fit a relaxed clock model. The log normal distribution fits better and leads to more precise age estimations than the exponential distribution. The data suggested that the first dispersals to the Amazon basin occurred to Western Amazonia from 16.2-10.4 Ma, and the taxa covered most of the areas of the Amazon basin between 12.2-6.2 Ma. Additionally, regardless of the method, we obtained evidence for two rivers: Tocantins and Madeira, acting as vicariant barriers. Given the molecular and biogeographical analyses, we found that some taxa were fitted to the "Old Amazon" model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Méndez-Camacho
- Biology school, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Omar Leon-Alvarado
- Biology school, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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13
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Carvalho MR, Jaramillo C, de la Parra F, Caballero-Rodríguez D, Herrera F, Wing S, Turner BL, D'Apolito C, Romero-Báez M, Narváez P, Martínez C, Gutierrez M, Labandeira C, Bayona G, Rueda M, Paez-Reyes M, Cárdenas D, Duque Á, Crowley JL, Santos C, Silvestro D. Extinction at the end-Cretaceous and the origin of modern Neotropical rainforests. Science 2021; 372:63-68. [PMID: 33795451 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The end-Cretaceous event was catastrophic for terrestrial communities worldwide, yet its long-lasting effect on tropical forests remains largely unknown. We quantified plant extinction and ecological change in tropical forests resulting from the end-Cretaceous event using fossil pollen (>50,000 occurrences) and leaves (>6000 specimens) from localities in Colombia. Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) rainforests were characterized by an open canopy and diverse plant-insect interactions. Plant diversity declined by 45% at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and did not recover for ~6 million years. Paleocene forests resembled modern Neotropical rainforests, with a closed canopy and multistratal structure dominated by angiosperms. The end-Cretaceous event triggered a long interval of low plant diversity in the Neotropics and the evolutionary assembly of today's most diverse terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica R Carvalho
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Grupo de Investigación Paleontología Neotropical Tradicional y Molecular (PaleoNeo), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama. .,ISEM, U. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Fabiany Herrera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Wing
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carlos D'Apolito
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Faculdade de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Narváez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, CCT-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Mauricio Gutierrez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Conrad Labandeira
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Manuel Paez-Reyes
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dairon Cárdenas
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas SINCHI, Leticia, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - James L Crowley
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Carlos Santos
- BP Exploration Operating Company Limited, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex, UK
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Fouquet A, Marinho P, Réjaud A, Carvalho TR, Caminer MA, Jansen M, Rainha RN, Rodrigues MT, Werneck FP, Lima AP, Hrbek T, Giaretta AA, Venegas PJ, Chávez G, Ron S. Systematics and biogeography of the Boana albopunctata species group (Anura, Hylidae), with the description of two new species from Amazonia. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1873869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1 31062 cedex 9, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Pedro Marinho
- Laboratório de Anuros Neotropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Réjaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1 31062 cedex 9, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Thiago R. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, I.B., Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel A. Caminer
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Jansen
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Research Institute and Nature Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Raíssa N. Rainha
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Werneck
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Albertina P. Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ariovaldo A. Giaretta
- Laboratório de Anuros Neotropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Santiago Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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16
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Rizo-Fuentes MA, Correa-Cárdenas CA, Lasso CA, Morales-Betancourt MA, Barragán-Barrera DC, Caballero S. Phylogeography, genetic diversity and population structure of the freshwater stingray, Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) in the Colombian Amazon and Orinoco basins. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 32:20-33. [PMID: 33346684 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1844679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba have coloration, osteological and morphometric variations that could suggest the existence of more than one species in Colombia. In order to evaluate the phylogeography, population structure and genetic diversity for P. aiereba distributed in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, we amplified Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) partial region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 50 samples from eight different sub-basins. Our results suggest three phylogroups and a vicariance event occurred 43 million years ago proposing how Paratrygon diverged into the basins. A high population structure (ΦST = 0.692; p < 0.005) and a value of (K) of 3 were defined. A high genetic diversity within phylogroups was found: Phylogroup A (h = 0.64; π% = 2.48), Phylogroup B (h = 0.552; π% = 1.67), and Phylogroup C (h = 0.49; π% = 0.73). These results should be considered in local management plans, conservation programs and reclassification in at least Amazon and Orinoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira A Rizo-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo A Correa-Cárdenas
- Programa de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales del Ejército (GINETEJ), Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación, Dirección de Sanidad Ejército, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Lasso
- Programa Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica A Morales-Betancourt
- Programa Biología de la Conservación y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dalia C Barragán-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe (CIOH), Dirección General Marítima (DIMAR), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos (LEMVA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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17
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Romero IC, Kong S, Fowlkes CC, Jaramillo C, Urban MA, Oboh-Ikuenobe F, D'Apolito C, Punyasena SW. Improving the taxonomy of fossil pollen using convolutional neural networks and superresolution microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28496-28505. [PMID: 33097671 PMCID: PMC7668113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007324117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic resolution is a major challenge in palynology, largely limiting the ecological and evolutionary interpretations possible with deep-time fossil pollen data. We present an approach for fossil pollen analysis that uses optical superresolution microscopy and machine learning to create a quantitative and higher throughput workflow for producing palynological identifications and hypotheses of biological affinity. We developed three convolutional neural network (CNN) classification models: maximum projection (MPM), multislice (MSM), and fused (FM). We trained the models on the pollen of 16 genera of the legume tribe Amherstieae, and then used these models to constrain the biological classifications of 48 fossil Striatopollis specimens from the Paleocene, Eocene, and Miocene of western Africa and northern South America. All models achieved average accuracies of 83 to 90% in the classification of the extant genera, and the majority of fossil identifications (86%) showed consensus among at least two of the three models. Our fossil identifications support the paleobiogeographic hypothesis that Amherstieae originated in Paleocene Africa and dispersed to South America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (56 Ma). They also raise the possibility that at least three Amherstieae genera (Crudia, Berlinia, and Anthonotha) may have diverged earlier in the Cenozoic than predicted by molecular phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C Romero
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
| | - Shu Kong
- Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Charless C Fowlkes
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archaeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, 0843-03092, Panama
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, 34095, France
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Michael A Urban
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Francisca Oboh-Ikuenobe
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409
| | - Carlos D'Apolito
- Faculdade de Geociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, 78000, Brazil
| | - Surangi W Punyasena
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
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18
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Marivaux L, Aguirre-Diaz W, Benites-Palomino A, Billet G, Boivin M, Pujos F, Salas-Gismondi R, Tejada-Lara JV, Varas-Malca RM, Antoine PO. New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia. J Hum Evol 2020; 146:102835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Gillett CPDT, Toussaint EFA. Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini contains coprophagous, necrophagous, mycetophagous and suspected myrmecophilous species. We analyse the largest tribal molecular dataset assembled, incorporating, for the first time, the enigmatic monobasic genus Megatharsis, the thalassinus group of the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus), and the subgenus Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) (formerly Tetramereia), unveiling their macroevolutionary and biogeographical history in light of Cenozoic abiotic changes and inferring shifts in feeding biology through time. We recover the contentious genus Gromphas outside an otherwise monophyletic Phanaeini. We infer Megatharsis in a clade containing the apparent myrmecophilous genus Dendropaemon, within the Coprophanaeus clade, and demonstrate that the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) is polyphyletic, whilst species groups within the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) are monophyletic. Our divergence time analyses and ancestral range estimation indicate an eastern South American origin for Phanaeini in the early Eocene, with subsequent colonization of Central America and the Nearctic during the Oligocene, long before a Panamanian land bridge. A shift to necrophagy in Coprophanaeus is possibly linked to increasing Neotropical small vertebrate diversity since the Eocene and, astonishingly, myrmecophily evolved from necrophagy 35 Mya. These drastic shifts in lifestyle are not concordant with variations in diversification rates and appear unlinked to Quaternary extinction of large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P D T Gillett
- University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, USA
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20
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Sánchez-Herrera M, Beatty CD, Nunes R, Salazar C, Ware JL. An exploration of the complex biogeographical history of the Neotropical banner-wing damselflies (Odonata: Polythoridae). BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 32580705 PMCID: PMC7315476 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New World Tropics has experienced a dynamic landscape across evolutionary history and harbors a high diversity of flora and fauna. While there are some studies addressing diversification in Neotropical vertebrates and plants, there is still a lack of knowledge in arthropods. Here we examine temporal and spatial diversification patterns in the damselfly family Polythoridae, which comprises seven genera with a total of 58 species distributed across much of Central and South America. RESULTS Our time-calibrated phylogeny for 48 species suggests that this family radiated during the late Eocene (~ 33 Ma), diversifying during the Miocene. As with other neotropical groups, the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of most of the Polythoridae genera has a primary origin in the Northern Andes though the MRCA of at least one genus may have appeared in the Amazon Basin. Our molecular clock suggests correlations with some major geographical events, and our biogeographical modeling (with BioGeoBEARS and RASP) found a significant influence of the formation of the Pebas and Acre systems on the early diversification of these damselflies, though evidence for the influence of the rise of the different Andean ranges was mixed. Diversification rates have been uniform in all genera except one-Polythore-where a significant increase in the late Pliocene (~ 3 mya) may have been influenced by recent Andean uplift. CONCLUSION The biogeographical models implemented here suggest that the Pebas and Acre Systems were significant geological events associated with the diversification of this damselfly family; while diversification in the tree shows some correlation with mountain building events, it is possible that other abiotic and biotic changes during our study period have influenced diversification as well. The high diversification rate observed in Polythore could be explained by the late uplift of the Northern Andes. However, it is possible that other intrinsic factors like sexual and natural selection acting on color patterns could be involved in the diversification of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sánchez-Herrera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia. .,Federated Department of Biological Sciences. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Christopher D Beatty
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Renato Nunes
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Departament of Biology, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Jessica L Ware
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Oberdorff T, Dias MS, Jézéquel C, Albert JS, Arantes CC, Bigorne R, Carvajal-Valleros FM, De Wever A, Frederico RG, Hidalgo M, Hugueny B, Leprieur F, Maldonado M, Maldonado-Ocampo J, Martens K, Ortega H, Sarmiento J, Tedesco PA, Torrente-Vilara G, Winemiller KO, Zuanon J. Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav8681. [PMID: 31535018 PMCID: PMC6739107 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using the most comprehensive fish occurrence database, we evaluated the importance of ecological and historical drivers in diversity patterns of subdrainage basins across the Amazon system. Linear models reveal the influence of climatic conditions, habitat size and sub-basin isolation on species diversity. Unexpectedly, the species richness model also highlighted a negative upriver-downriver gradient, contrary to predictions of increasing richness at more downriver locations along fluvial gradients. This reverse gradient may be linked to the history of the Amazon drainage network, which, after isolation as western and eastern basins throughout the Miocene, only began flowing eastward 1-9 million years (Ma) ago. Our results suggest that the main center of fish diversity was located westward, with fish dispersal progressing eastward after the basins were united and the Amazon River assumed its modern course toward the Atlantic. This dispersal process seems not yet achieved, suggesting a recent formation of the current Amazon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Oberdorff
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Murilo S. Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Céline Jézéquel
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - James S. Albert
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Caroline C. Arantes
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rémy Bigorne
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernando M. Carvajal-Valleros
- Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d’Orbigny, Av. Potosí 1458, zona Queru Queru, Cochabamba, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
| | - Aaike De Wever
- Department of Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forrest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. G. Frederico
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Max Hidalgo
- Departamento de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Bernard Hugueny
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mabel Maldonado
- Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Calle Sucre y Parque La Torre s/n, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Javier Maldonado-Ocampo
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Laboratorio de Ictiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Koen Martens
- Department of Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hernan Ortega
- Departamento de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Jaime Sarmiento
- Departamento de Ictiología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Pablo A. Tedesco
- UMR EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS 5174, IRD253, UPS; 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Gislene Torrente-Vilara
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Doutor Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Encruzilhada, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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22
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Flight over the Proto-Caribbean seaway: Phylogeny and macroevolution of Neotropical Anaeini leafwing butterflies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:86-103. [PMID: 31022515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the origin and evolution of the astonishing Neotropical biodiversity remains somewhat limited. In particular, decoupling the respective impacts of biotic and abiotic factors on the macroevolution of clades is paramount to understand biodiversity assemblage in this region. We present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical Anaeini leafwing butterflies (Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) and, applying likelihood-based methods, we test the impact of major abiotic (Andean orogeny, Central American highland orogeny, Proto-Caribbean seaway closure, Quaternary glaciations) and biotic (host plant association) factors on their macroevolution. We infer a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe despite moderate support in some derived clades. Our phylogenetic inference recovers the genus Polygrapha Staudinger, [1887] as polyphyletic, rendering the genera FountaineaRydon, 1971 and Memphis Hübner, [1819] paraphyletic. Consequently, we transfer Polygrapha tyrianthina (Salvin & Godman, 1868) comb. nov. to Fountainea and Polygrapha xenocrates (Westwood, 1850) comb. nov. to Memphis. We infer an origin of the group in the late Eocene ca. 40 million years ago in Central American lowlands which at the time were separated from South America by the Proto-Caribbean seaway. The biogeographical history of the group is very dynamic, with several oversea colonization events from Central America into the Chocó and Andean regions during intense stages of Andean orogeny. These events coincide with the emergence of an archipelagic setting between Central America and northern South America in the mid-Miocene that likely facilitated dispersal across the now-vanished Proto-Caribbean seaway. The Amazonian region also played a central role in the diversification of the Anaeini, acting both as a museum and a cradle of diversity. We recover a diversification rate shift in the Miocene within the species-rich genus Memphis. State speciation and extinction models recover a significant relationship between this rate shift and host plant association, indicating a positive role on speciation rates of a switch between Malpighiales and new plant orders. We find less support for a role of abiotic factors including the progressive Andean orogeny, Proto-Caribbean seaway closure and Quaternary glaciations. Miocene host plant shifts possibly acted in concert with abiotic and/or biotic factors to shape the diversification of Anaeini butterflies.
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Thode VA, Sanmartín I, Lohmann LG. Contrasting patterns of diversification between Amazonian and Atlantic forest clades of Neotropical lianas (Amphilophium, Bignonieae) inferred from plastid genomic data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 133:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Muscarella R, Bacon CD, Faurby S, Antonelli A, Kristiansen SM, Svenning JC, Balslev H. Soil fertility and flood regime are correlated with phylogenetic structure of Amazonian palm communities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:641-655. [PMID: 30395146 PMCID: PMC6417467 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Identifying the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity requires understanding of how evolutionary processes interact with abiotic conditions to structure communities. Edaphic gradients are strongly associated with floristic patterns but, compared with climatic gradients, have received relatively little attention. We asked (1) How does the phylogenetic composition of palm communities vary along edaphic gradients within major habitat types? and (2) To what extent are phylogenetic patterns determined by (a) habitat specialists, (b) small versus large palms, and (c) hyperdiverse genera? METHODS We paired data on palm community composition from 501 transects of 0.25 ha located in two main habitat types (non-inundated uplands and seasonally inundated floodplains) in western Amazonian rain forests with information on soil chemistry, climate, phylogeny and metrics of plant size. We focused on exchangeable base concentration (cmol+ kg-1) as a metric of soil fertility and a floristic index of inundation intensity. We used a null model approach to quantify the standard effect size of mean phylogenetic distance for each transect (a metric of phylogenetic community composition) and related this value to edaphic variables using generalized linear mixed models, including a term for spatial autocorrelation. KEY RESULTS Overall, we recorded 112 008 individuals belonging to 110 species. Palm communities in non-inundated upland transects (but not floodplain transects) were more phylogenetically clustered in areas of low soil fertility, measured as exchangeable base concentration. In contrast, floodplain transects with more severe flood regimes (as inferred from floristic structure) tended to be phylogenetically clustered. Nearly half of the species recorded (44 %) were upland specialists while 18 % were floodplain specialists. In both habitat types, phylogenetic clustering was largely due to the co-occurrence of small-sized habitat specialists belonging to two hyperdiverse genera (Bactris and Geonoma). CONCLUSIONS Edaphic conditions are associated with the phylogenetic community structure of palms across western Amazonia, and different factors (specifically, soil fertility and inundation intensity) appear to underlie diversity patterns in non-inundated upland versus floodplain habitats. By linking edaphic gradients with palm community phylogenetic structure, our study reinforces the need to integrate edaphic conditions in eco-evolutionary studies in order to better understand the processes that generate and maintain tropical forest diversity. Our results suggest a role for edaphic niche conservatism in the evolution and distribution of Amazonian palms, a finding with potential relevance for other clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Muscarella
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine D Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Antonelli A, Ariza M, Albert J, Andermann T, Azevedo J, Bacon C, Faurby S, Guedes T, Hoorn C, Lohmann LG, Matos-Maraví P, Ritter CD, Sanmartín I, Silvestro D, Tejedor M, ter Steege H, Tuomisto H, Werneck FP, Zizka A, Edwards SV. Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5644. [PMID: 30310740 PMCID: PMC6174874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our understanding of the origin and diversification of many Neotropical taxa and biotic regions, many questions remain to be answered. Additional biological and geological data are still needed, as well as methodological advances that are capable of bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students and early-career scientists, we introduce the concept of "trans-disciplinary biogeography," which refers to the integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) and Earth and the physical sciences (e.g., geology, climatology, palaeontology), as a means to reconstruct the giant puzzle of Neotropical biodiversity and evolution in space and time. We caution against extrapolating results derived from the study of one or a few taxa to convey general scenarios of Neotropical evolution and landscape formation. We urge more coordination and integration of data and ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, as a basis for advancing tomorrow's ground-breaking research. Our review highlights the great opportunities for studying the Neotropical biota to understand the evolution of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Organismic Biology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - María Ariza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Team “Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose”, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - James Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Tobias Andermann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josué Azevedo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christine Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thais Guedes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
- Museum of Zoology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Universidad Regional Amazonica IKIAM, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Lúcia G. Lohmann
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camila D. Ritter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Tejedor
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, Puerto Madryn, Guatemala
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Systems Ecology, Free University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna Tuomisto
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Organismic Biology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gothenburg Centre for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bragança PHN, Costa WJEM. Time-calibrated molecular phylogeny reveals a Miocene–Pliocene diversification in the Amazon miniature killifish genus Fluviphylax (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontoidei). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mass Balance of Cenozoic Andes-Amazon Source to Sink System—Marañón Basin, Peru. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Albert JS, Val P, Hoorn C. The changing course of the Amazon River in the Neogene: center stage for Neotropical diversification. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We review geological evidence on the origin of the modern transcontinental Amazon River, and the paleogeographic history of riverine connections among the principal sedimentary basins of northern South America through the Neogene. Data are reviewed from new geochronological datasets using radiogenic and stable isotopes, and from traditional geochronological methods, including sedimentology, structural mapping, sonic and seismic logging, and biostratigraphy. The modern Amazon River and the continental-scale Amazon drainage basin were assembled during the late Miocene and Pliocene, via some of the largest purported river capture events in Earth history. Andean sediments are first recorded in the Amazon Fan at about 10.1-9.4 Ma, with a large increase in sedimentation at about 4.5 Ma. The transcontinental Amazon River therefore formed over a period of about 4.9-5.6 million years, by means of several river capture events. The origins of the modern Amazon River are hypothesized to be linked with that of mega-wetland landscapes of tropical South America (e.g. várzeas, pantanals, seasonally flooded savannahs). Mega-wetlands have persisted over about 10% northern South America under different configurations for >15 million years. Although the paleogeographic reconstructions presented are simplistic and coarse-grained, they are offered to inspire the collection and analysis of new sedimentological and geochronological datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Val
- University of California, USA; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Carneiro L, Bravo GA, Aristizábal N, Cuervo AM, Aleixo A. Molecular systematics and biogeography of lowland antpittas (Aves, Grallariidae): The role of vicariance and dispersal in the diversification of a widespread Neotropical lineage. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:375-389. [PMID: 29233706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We infer phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and the diversification history of the avian Neotropical antpitta genera Hylopezus and Myrmothera (Grallariidae), based on sequence data (3,139 base pairs) from two mitochondrial (ND2 and ND3) and three nuclear nuclear introns (TGFB2, MUSK and FGB-I5) from 142 individuals of the 12 currently recognized species in Hylopezus and Myrmothera and 5 outgroup species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered 19 lineages clustered into two major clades, both distributed in Central and South America. Hylopezus nattereri, previously considered a subspecies of H. ochroleucus, was consistently recovered as the most divergent lineage within the Grallaricula/Hylopezus/Myrmothera clade. Ancestral range estimation suggested that modern lowland antpittas probably originated in the Amazonian Sedimentary basin during the middle Miocene, and that most lineages within the Hylopezus/Myrmothera clade appeared in the Plio-Pleistocene. However, the rate of diversification in the Hylopezus/Myrmothera clade appeared to have remained constant through time, with no major shifts over the 20 million years. Although the timing when most modern lineages of the Hylopezus/Myrmothera clade coincides with a period of intense landscape changes in the Neotropics (Plio-Pleistocene), the absence of any significant shifts in diversification rates over the last 20 million years challenges the view that there is a strict causal relationship between intensification of landscape changes and cladogenesis. The relative old age of the Hylopezus/Myrmothera clade coupled with an important role ascribed to dispersal for its diversification, favor an alternative scenario whereby long-term persistence and dispersal across an ever-changing landscape might explain constant rates of cladogenesis through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Carneiro
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará-Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo A Bravo
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Natalia Aristizábal
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrés M Cuervo
- Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia.
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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