1
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Kotak D, Kamath P, Ghosh UU. Polymer Imbibition Through Paper Strips. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5306-5313. [PMID: 38422487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Liquid wicking and imbibition through porous strips are fundamental to paper microfluidics. In this study, we outline these processes via capillary rise dynamics (CRD) experiments by employing deionized water as a reference fluid and comparing its dynamics with those of aqueous polymer solutions. Replacing the working fluid with polymer solutions led to the occurrence of an intermediate viscous-dominated regime, followed by the gravity-dominated regime at a long-time scale. This transition from viscous-dominated to gravity-dominated was found to be a function of the porous substrate pore diameter. The delay in CRD from the viscous-dominated to gravity-dominated regime is explained by the presence of the prewetting front (PWF). To address it, PWF dynamics has also been quantified, along with the characterization of its morphological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Kotak
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prajwal Kamath
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Udita U Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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2
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Kumar A, Hatayama J, Soucy A, Carpio E, Rahmani N, Anagnostopoulos C, Faghri M. Fluid Flow Dynamics in Partially Saturated Paper. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:212. [PMID: 38398941 PMCID: PMC10892355 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an integrated approach to understanding fluid dynamics in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs), combining empirical investigations with advanced numerical modeling. Paper-based devices are recognized for their low cost, portability, and simplicity and are increasingly applied in health, environmental monitoring, and food quality analysis. However, challenges such as lack of flow control and the need for advanced detection methods have limited their widespread adoption. To address these challenges, our study introduces a novel numerical model that incorporates factors such as pore size, fiber orientation, and porosity, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics across various saturation levels of paper. Empirical results focused on observing the wetted length in saturated paper substrates. The numerical model, integrating the Highly Simplified Marker and Cell (HSMAC) method and the High Order accuracy scheme Reducing Numerical Error Terms (HORNET) scheme, successfully predicts fluid flow in scenarios challenging for empirical observation, especially at high saturation levels. The model effectively mimicked the Lucas-Washburn relation for dry paper and demonstrated the increasing time requirement for fluid movement with rising saturation levels. It also accurately predicted faster fluid flow in Whatman Grade 4 filter paper compared with Grade 41 due to its larger pore size and forecasted an increased flow rate in the machine direction fiber orientation of Whatman Grade 4. These findings have significant implications for the design and application of µPADs, emphasizing the need for precise control of fluid flow and the consideration of substrate microstructural properties. The study's combination of empirical data and advanced numerical modeling marks a considerable advancement in paper-based microfluidics, offering robust frameworks for future development and optimization of paper-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Faghri
- Microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 2 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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3
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Suo S. Spontaneous imbibition of a liquid film wetting a wall-mounted cylinder corner. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:578-587. [PMID: 38131473 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous imbibition flows within confined geometries are commonly encountered in both natural phenomena and industrial applications. A profound knowledge of the underlying flow dynamics benefits a broad spectrum of engineering practices. Nonetheless, within this area, especially concerning complex geometries, there exists a substantial research gap. This work centers on the cylinder-plane geometry, employing a combined theoretical and numerical approach to investigate the process of a wetting film wrapping a cylinder corner. It is found that the advance of the liquid front generally follows the Lucas-Washburn kinetics, i.e., t1/2 scaling, but it also depends on the dynamics of the liquid source. Furthermore, a theoretical estimation of the timescale associated with the imbibition process is also provided, especially the merging time as an important time length characterizing the duration of the wetting process. The timescale is highly dependent on the wettability conditions and the properties of the involved liquid. The conclusion of this work lays a theoretical foundation for comprehensively understanding the capillary phenomena in complex media and shedding light on various microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Suo
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Peng HY, Liu BY, Lo CC, Chen LJ, Seemann R, Brinkmann M. De-wetting of evaporating drops on regular patterns of triangular posts. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024704. [PMID: 37428066 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional wicking and spreading of liquids can be achieved by regular micro-patterns of specifically designed topographic features that break the reflection symmetry of the underlying pattern. The present study aims to understand the formation and stability of wetting films during the evaporation of volatile liquid drops on surfaces with a micro-pattern of triangular posts arranged in a rectangular lattice. Depending on the density and aspect ratio of the posts, we observe either spherical-cap shaped drops with a mobile three-phase contact line or the formation of circular or angular drops with a pinned three-phase contact line. Drops of the latter class eventually evolve into a liquid film extending to the initial footprint of the drop and a shrinking cap-shaped drop sitting on the film. The drop evolution is controlled by the density and aspect ratio of the posts, while no influence of the orientation of the triangular posts on the contact line mobility becomes evident. Our experiments corroborate previous results of systematic numerical energy minimization, predicting that conditions for a spontaneous retraction of a wicking liquid film depend weakly on the orientation of the film edge relative to the micro-pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yi Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Yan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ralf Seemann
- Experimental Physics and Center of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Experimental Physics and Center of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Yang X, Shi N, Liu J, Cheng Q, Li G, Lyu J, Ma F, Zhang X. 3D Printed Hybrid Aerogel Gauzes Enable Highly Efficient Hemostasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201591. [PMID: 36165237 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemostatic materials have played a significant role in mitigating traumatic injury by controlling bleeding, however, the fabrication of the desirable material's structure to enhance the accumulation of blood cells and platelets for highly efficient hemostasis is still a great challenge. In this work, directed assembly of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) macromolecules covering the rigid Kevlar nanofiber (KNF) network during 3D printing process is utilized to fabricate hydrophilic, biocompatible, and mechanically stable KNF-PVA aerogel filaments for effective enriching blood components by fast water absorption. As such, KNF-PVA aerogel gauzes demonstrate remarkable water permeability (338 mL cm-2 s-1 bar-1 ), water absorption speed (as high as 9.64 g g-1 min-1 ) and capacity (more than ten times of self-weight), and ability to enrich micron-sized particles when contacting aqueous solution. All these properties favor efficient hemostasis and the resulting KNF-PVA aerogel gauzes significantly outperform the commercial product Quikclot Gauze (Z-Medica) during in vivo experiments with the rat liver laceration model, reducing the hemostasis time by half (60 ± 4 s) and the blood loss by two thirds (0.07 ± 0.01 g). These results demonstrate a robust strategy to design various aerogel gauzes for hemostasis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Nan Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fengguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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6
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Zhao X, Zarasvand KA, Pope C, Golovin K. Thermal Insulation and Superhydrophobicity Synergies for Passive Snow Repellency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21657-21667. [PMID: 35471928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion mechanisms and fracture mechanics of snow on solid surfaces are complex, making the design of an all-purpose snow-repellent surface that is applicable to multiple real-life situations a considerable and unsolved challenge. In this study, we focus on the most difficult-to-remove snow accretion scenario─the formation of a highly adhesive meltwater ice layer at the snow-solid interface. This ice layer originates from snow melting on an initially above 0 °C surface, followed by refreezing in a subzero environment. The complete removal of this ice layer is especially challenging and usually requires active and energy-intensive methods. By combining the characteristics of thermal insulation and superhydrophobicity on solid surfaces, we successfully prevent snow melting and its subsequent refreezing to this highly adhesive ice layer, enabling the complete passive removal of snow from solid surfaces. Our snow-repellent platform is designed using thin superhydrophobic sheets covering solid surfaces, separated by a thermally insulative layer (air gap or aerogel). In contrast to conventional icephobic surfaces, the synergies between thermal insulation and superhydrophobicity provide a tailored route specifically toward the design of passive snow-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Cory Pope
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Kevin Golovin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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7
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Völkel L, Beaumont M, Johansson LS, Czibula C, Rusakov D, Mautner A, Teichert C, Kontturi E, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Assessing Fire-Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105420. [PMID: 35119202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The conservation of historical paper objects with high cultural value is an important societal task. Papers that have been severely damaged by fire, heat, and extinguishing water, are a particularly challenging case, because of the complexity and severity of damage patterns. In-depth analysis of fire-damaged papers, by means of examples from the catastrophic fire in a 17th-century German library, shows the changes, which proceeded from the margin to the center, to go beyond surface charring and formation of hydrophobic carbon-rich layers. The charred paper exhibits structural changes in the nano- and micro-range, with increased porosity and water sorption. In less charred areas, cellulose is affected by both chain cleavage and cross-linking. Based on these results and conclusions with regard to adhesion of auxiliaries, a stabilization method is developed, which coats the damaged paper with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibers. It enables the reliable preservation of the paper and-most importantly-retrieval of the contained historical information: the nanofibers form a flexible, transparent film on the surface and adhere strongly to the damaged matrix, greatly reducing its fragility, giving it stability, and enabling digitization and further handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Völkel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
- Department of Conservation and Special Collections, Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek / Klassik Stiftung Weimar, Platz der Demokratie 1, 99423, Weimar, Germany
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Caterina Czibula
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, Leoben, 8700, Austria
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 3, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Dmitrii Rusakov
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Andreas Mautner
- Department of Materials Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, Leoben, 8700, Austria
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, A-3430, Austria
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8
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Kim DW, Hyun C, Shin TJ, Jeong U. Precise Tuning of Multiple Perovskite Photoluminescence by Volume-Controlled Printing of Perovskite Precursor Solution on Cellulose Paper. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2521-2534. [PMID: 35044152 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) with a controlled quantum size effect have received intense interest for potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics. Here, we present a simple and innovative strategy to precisely tune the photoluminescence color of PeNCs by simply printing perovskite precursor solutions on cellulose papers. Depending on the volume of the printed precursor solutions, the PeNCs are autonomously grown into three discrete sizes, and their relative size population is controlled; accordingly, not only the number of multiple PL peaks but also their relative intensities can be precisely tuned. This autonomous size control is obtained through the efflorescence, which is advection of salt ions toward the surface of a porous medium during solvent evaporation and also through the confined crystal growth in the hierarchical structure of cellulose fibers. The infiltrated PeNCs are environmentally stable against moisture (for 3 months in air at 70% relative humidity) and strong light exposure by hydrophobic surface treatment. This study also demonstrates invisible encryption and highly secured unclonable anticounterfeiting patterns on deformable cellulose substrates and banknotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, 37673 Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chohee Hyun
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Gradute School of Semiconductor Material and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, 37673 Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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9
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Modulation of microbial community dynamics by spatial partitioning. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:394-402. [PMID: 35145274 PMCID: PMC8967799 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabit spatial architectures that divide a global environment into isolated or semi-isolated local environments, which leads to the partitioning of a microbial community into a collection of local communities. Despite its ubiquity and great interest in related processes, how and to what extent spatial partitioning affects the structures and dynamics of microbial communities is poorly understood. Using modeling and quantitative experiments with simple and complex microbial communities, we demonstrate that spatial partitioning modulates the community dynamics by altering the local interaction types and global interaction strength. Partitioning promotes the persistence of populations with negative interactions but suppresses those with positive interactions. For a community consisting of populations with both positive and negative interactions, an intermediate level of partitioning maximizes the overall diversity of the community. Our results reveal a general mechanism underlying the maintenance of microbial diversity and have implications for natural and engineered communities.
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10
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Ha J, Kim YS, Siu R, Tawfick S. Dynamic pattern selection in polymorphic elastocapillarity. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:262-271. [PMID: 34854865 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drying of fine hair and fibers induces dramatic capillary-driven deformation, with important implications on natural phenomena and industrial processes. We recently observed peculiar self-assembly of hair bundles into various distinct patterns depending on the interplay between the bundle length and the liquid drain rate. Here, we propose a mechanism for this pattern selection, and derive and validate theoretical scaling laws for the polymorphic self-assembly of polygonal hair bundles. Experiments are performed by submerging the bundles into a liquid bath, then draining down the liquid. Depending on the interplay between the drain rates and the length of the fibers, we observe the bundles morphing into stars (having concave sides), polygons (having straight edges and rounded corners), or circles. The mechanism of self-assembly at the high drain regime is governed by two sequential stages. In the first stage of the high drain rate regime, the liquid covers the outside of the bundles, and drainage from inside the bundle does not play a role in the self-assembly due to the high viscous stress. The local pressure at the corners of the wet bundles compresses the fibers inward blunting the corners, and the internal lubrication facilitates fiber rearrangement. In the second stage, the liquid is slowly draining from within the fiber spacing, and the negative capillary pressure at the perimeter causes the fibers to tightly pack. In the slow drainage regime, the first stage is absent, and the fibers slowly aggregate without initial dynamic rearrangement. Understanding the mechanism of dynamic elastocapillarity offers insights for studying the complicated physics of wet granular drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Ha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Yun Seong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Ryan Siu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Sameh Tawfick
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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11
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Yang J, Chen Y, Gao K, Li Y, Wang S, Xie F, Jia X, Song H. Biomimetic superelastic sodium alginate-based sponges with porous sandwich-like architectures. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118527. [PMID: 34420761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of structurally optimized three-dimensional porous materials are highly desirable for engineering applications. Herein, through a facile bidirectional freezing technique, we prepared superelastic biomass sponges in air and underwater, which possess biomimetic porous sandwich-like architectures with lamellar layers interconnected by porous microstructures, similar to the structure of rice stems. This distinctive architecture was obtained by incorporating Typha orientalis fibers (TOFs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into sodium alginate (SA) matrix, in which SA flakes and GO nanosheets were intimately grown along TOFs. The porous sandwich-like microstructure allows stress to be distributed throughout the lamellar to avoid stress concentration and endows SA/TOFs/GO sponge with excellent mechanical compressibility and recoverability. Especially, underwater superelasticity and superoleophobicity of the sponge facilitates removal of water-miscible contaminants or oil/water separation with high efficiency. This novel strategy for the design biomimetic architecture of superelastic biomass sponge can promote its application for protecting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Kuidong Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Fangwei Xie
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Haojie Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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12
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Ajdary R, Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Bai L, Rojas OJ. Plant Nanomaterials and Inspiration from Nature: Water Interactions and Hierarchically Structured Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001085. [PMID: 32537860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the area of plant-based hydrogels are introduced, especially those derived from wood as a widely available, multiscale, and hierarchical source of nanomaterials, as well as other cell wall elements. With water being fundamental in a hydrogel, water interactions, hydration, and swelling, all critically important in designing, processing, and achieving the desired properties of sustainable and functional hydrogels, are highlighted. A plant, by itself, is a form of a hydrogel, at least at given states of development, and for this reason phenomena such as fluid transport, diffusion, capillarity, and ionic effects are examined. These aspects are highly relevant not only to plants, especially lignified tissues, but also to the porous structures produced after removal of water (foams, sponges, cryogels, xerogels, and aerogels). Thus, a useful source of critical and comprehensive information is provided regarding the synthesis of hydrogels from plant materials (and especially wood nanostructures), and about the role of water, not only for processing but for developing hydrogel properties and uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Long Bai
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and, Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and, Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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13
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Nazari M, Davoodabadi A, Huang D, Luo T, Ghasemi H. On interfacial viscosity in nanochannels. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14626-14635. [PMID: 32614001 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Capillary driven transport of liquids in nanoscopic channels is an omnipresent phenomenon in nature and technology including fluid flow in the human body and plants, drug delivery, nanofluidic devices, and energy/water systems. However, the kinetics of this mass transport mechanism remains in question as the well-known Lucas-Washburn (LW) model predicts significantly faster flow rates compared to the experimental observations. We here showed the role of interfacial viscosity in capillary motion slowdown in nanochannels through a combination of experimental, analytical and molecular dynamics techniques. We showed that the slower liquid flow is due to the formation of a thin liquid layer adjacent to the channel walls with a viscosity substantially greater than the bulk liquid. By incorporating the effect of the interfacial layer, we presented a theoretical model that accurately predicts the capillarity kinetics in nanochannels of different heights. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the obtained interfacial viscosities. The viscosities of isopropanol and ethanol within the interfacial layer were 9.048 mPa s and 4.405 mPa s, respectively (i.e. 279% and 276% greater than their bulk values). We also showed that the interfacial layers are 6.4 nm- and 5.3 nm-thick for isopropanol and ethanol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
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14
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Stable cellulase immobilized on graphene oxide@CMC-g-poly(AMPS-co-AAm) hydrogel for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115661. [PMID: 31887893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study indicated tailoring efficient polymer-enzyme bioconjugates with superb stability and activity for practical utilization of cellulase enzyme in hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass. To this goal, a dual crosslinking (DC) strategy was presented to synthesize novel 3D networks of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2methyl propane sulfonate and acrylamide (CMC-g-poly(AMPS-co-AAm)) hydrogels. Graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets were utilized as nano-filler and physical cross-linker making H-bondings between polymeric chains to prepare GO@CMC-g-poly(AMPS-co-AAm) networks. The GO content effects on the performance of as-synthesized architectures in conjugation to a model enzyme (PersiCel1) were examined. PersiCel1 immobilization on the GO reinforced hydrogels resulted in noticeable retaining near 60 % of its maximum activity at 90 °C, along with the remarkable enhancement of its specific activity and storage stability. Compared with the free PersiCel1, the immobilized enzyme on the GO containing hydrogels showed 154.8 % increase in conversion of alkalin-treated sugar beet pulp, while the PersiCel1/neat-Hydrogel indicated an increment of 66.7 %, under the same conditions.
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15
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Ben Abdelouahab N, Gossard A, Marlière C, Faure P, Rodts S, Coussot P. Controlled imbibition in a porous medium from a soft wet material (poultice). SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6732-6741. [PMID: 31397468 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide a first approach of the mechanisms of liquid imbibition in a porous medium from a wet paste in contact with this substrate. Through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) we first show that, in contrast with intuition, the liquid can invade the substrate even if it has a larger pore size than the paste, which induces a lower capillary pressure in the substrate. This phenomenon happens because the paste can easily shrink. We then show that the imbibition stops when the capillary pressure in the substrate balances the stress needed to further contract the paste. The dynamics of the process then mainly results from the competition of these two effects plus the pressure gradient associated with the liquid flow through the paste. This in particular shows that the liquid penetration in a porous medium, from a poultice in contact with this medium, may be controlled by adjusting the poultice characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ben Abdelouahab
- Univ. Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), 77420, Champs sur Marne, France.
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16
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Xu W, Xing Y, Liu J, Wu H, Cui Y, Li D, Guo D, Li C, Liu A, Bai H. Efficient Water Transport and Solar Steam Generation via Radially, Hierarchically Structured Aerogels. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7930-7938. [PMID: 31241310 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nature-inspired water-cycling system, akin to trees, to perform effective water and solar energy management for photosynthesis and transpiration is considered to be a promising strategy to solve water scarcity issues globally. However, challenges remain in terms of the relatively low transport rate, short transport distance, and unsatisfactory extraction efficiency. Herein, enlightened by conifer tracheid construction, an efficient water transport and evaporation system composed of a hierarchical structured aerogel is reported. This architecture with radially aligned channels, micron pores, and molecular meshes is realized by applying a radial ice-template method and in situ cryopolymerization technique. This nature-inspired design benefits the aerogel excellent capillary rise performance, realizing a long-distance (>28 cm at 190 min) and quick (>1 cm at 1 s, >9 cm at 300 s) antigravity water transport on a macroscopic scale, regardless of clean water, seawater, sandy groundwater, or dye-including effluent. Furthermore, an efficient water transpiration and collection is performed by the bilayer-structured aerogel with a carbon heat collector on an aerogel top, demonstrating a solar steam generation rate of 2.0 kg m-2 h-1 with the energy conversion efficiency up to 85.7% under one solar illumination. This biomimetic design with the advantage of water transport and evaporation provides a potential approach to realize water purification, regeneration, and desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Xu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Yun Xing
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of E&M (Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province) , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Dewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Daoyou Guo
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Li
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
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17
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