1
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García Jomaso YA, Vargas B, Domínguez DL, Armenta-Rico RJ, Sauceda HE, Ordoñez-Romero CL, Lara-García HA, Camacho-Guardian A, Pirruccio G. Intercavity polariton slows down dynamics in strongly coupled cavities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2915. [PMID: 38575645 PMCID: PMC10994920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Band engineering stands as an efficient route to induce strongly correlated quantum many-body phenomena. Besides inspiring analogies among diverse physical fields, tuning on demand the group velocity is highly attractive in photonics because it allows unconventional flows of light. Λ-schemes offer a route to control the propagation of light in a lattice-free configurations, enabling exotic phases such as slow-light and allowing for highly optical non-linear systems. Here, we realize room-temperature intercavity Frenkel polaritons excited across two strongly coupled cavities. We demonstrate the formation of a tuneable heavy-polariton, akin to slow light, appearing in the absence of a periodic in-plane potential. Our photonic architecture based on a simple three-level scheme enables the unique spatial segregation of photons and excitons in different cavities and maintains a balanced degree of mixing between them. This unveils a dynamical competition between many-body scattering processes and the underlying polariton nature which leads to an increased fluorescence lifetime. The intercavity polariton features are further revealed under appropriate resonant pumping, where we observe suppression of the polariton fluorescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia A García Jomaso
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - Brenda Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - David Ley Domínguez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - Román J Armenta-Rico
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - Huziel E Sauceda
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - César L Ordoñez-Romero
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - Hugo A Lara-García
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Camacho-Guardian
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico.
| | - Giuseppe Pirruccio
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Ciudad de México, C.P., 01000, Mexico.
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2
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Uto T, Evrard B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kroner M, İmamoğlu A. Interaction-Induced ac Stark Shift of Exciton-Polaron Resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056901. [PMID: 38364159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Laser-induced shift of atomic states due to the ac Stark effect has played a central role in cold-atom physics and facilitated their emergence as analog quantum simulators. Here, we explore this phenomenon in an atomically thin layer of semiconductor MoSe_{2}, which we embedded in a heterostructure enabling charge tunability. Shining an intense pump laser with a small detuning from the material resonances, we generate a large population of virtual collective excitations and achieve a regime where interactions with this background population are the leading contribution to the ac Stark shift. Using this technique we study how itinerant charges modify-and dramatically enhance-the interactions between optical excitations. In particular, our experiments show that the interaction between attractive polarons could be more than an order of magnitude stronger than those between bare excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uto
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - B Evrard
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - M Kroner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A İmamoğlu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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De J, Ma X, Yin F, Ren J, Yao J, Schumacher S, Liao Q, Fu H, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D. Room-Temperature Electrical Field-Enhanced Ultrafast Switch in Organic Microcavity Polariton Condensates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1557-1563. [PMID: 36630440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated electro-optical switches are essential as one of the fundamental elements in the development of modern optoelectronics. As an architecture for photonic systems exciton polaritons, hybrid bosonic quasiparticles that possess unique properties derived from both excitons and photons, have shown much promise. For this system, we demonstrate a significant improvement of emitted intensity and condensation threshold by applying an electric field to a microcavity filled with an organic microbelt. Our theoretical investigations indicate that the electric field makes the excitons dipolar and induces an enhancement of the exciton-polariton interaction and of the polariton lifetime. Based on these electric field-induced changes, a sub-nanosecond electrical field-enhanced polariton condensate switch is realized at room temperature, providing the basis for developing an on-chip integrated photonic device in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany.,Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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4
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Datta B, Khatoniar M, Deshmukh P, Thouin F, Bushati R, De Liberato S, Cohen SK, Menon VM. Highly nonlinear dipolar exciton-polaritons in bilayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6341. [PMID: 36284098 PMCID: PMC9596727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing nonlinear optical response in the low photon density limit in solid-state systems has been a long-standing challenge. Semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime hosting exciton-polaritons have emerged as attractive candidates in this context. However, the weak interaction between these quasiparticles has been a hurdle in this quest. Dipolar excitons provide an attractive strategy to overcome this limitation but are often hindered by their weak oscillator strength. The interlayer dipolar excitons in naturally occurring homobilayer MoS2 alleviates this issue owing to their formation via hybridization of interlayer charge transfer exciton with intralayer B exciton. Here we demonstrate the formation of dipolar exciton polaritons in bilayer MoS2 resulting in unprecedented nonlinear interaction strengths. A ten-fold increase in nonlinearity is observed for the interlayer dipolar excitons compared to the conventional A excitons. These highly nonlinear dipolar polaritons will likely be a frontrunner in the quest for solid-state quantum nonlinear devices. Dipolar excitons enable large nonlinear interaction but are usually hampered by their weak oscillator strength. Here, the authors demonstrate the strong light-matter coupling of interlayer dipolar excitons having unusually large oscillator strength in bilayer MoS2 resulting in highly nonlinear dipolar polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Datta
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Mandeep Khatoniar
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY USA
| | - Prathmesh Deshmukh
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY USA
| | - Félix Thouin
- grid.183158.60000 0004 0435 3292Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY USA
| | - Simone De Liberato
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephane Kena Cohen
- grid.183158.60000 0004 0435 3292Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Vinod M. Menon
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Department of Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY USA
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5
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Electrically tunable quantum confinement of neutral excitons. Nature 2022; 606:298-304. [PMID: 35614215 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Confining particles to distances below their de Broglie wavelength discretizes their motional state. This fundamental effect is observed in many physical systems, ranging from electrons confined in atoms or quantum dots1,2 to ultracold atoms trapped in optical tweezers3,4. In solid-state photonics, a long-standing goal has been to achieve fully tunable quantum confinement of optically active electron-hole pairs, known as excitons. To confine excitons, existing approaches mainly rely on material modulation5, which suffers from poor control over the energy and position of trapping potentials. This has severely impeded the engineering of large-scale quantum photonic systems. Here we demonstrate electrically controlled quantum confinement of neutral excitons in 2D semiconductors. By combining gate-defined in-plane electric fields with inherent interactions between excitons and free charges in a lateral p-i-n junction, we achieve exciton confinement below 10 nm. Quantization of excitonic motion manifests in the measured optical response as a ladder of discrete voltage-dependent states below the continuum. Furthermore, we observe that our confining potentials lead to a strong modification of the relative wave function of excitons. Our technique provides an experimental route towards creating scalable arrays of identical single-photon sources and has wide-ranging implications for realizing strongly correlated photonic phases6,7 and on-chip optical quantum information processors8,9.
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6
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Polariton Bose-Einstein condensate from a bound state in the continuum. Nature 2022; 605:447-452. [PMID: 35585343 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs)1-3 are peculiar topological states that, when realized in a planar photonic crystal lattice, are symmetry-protected from radiating in the far field despite lying within the light cone4. These BICs possess an invariant topological charge given by the winding number of the polarization vectors5, similar to vortices in quantum fluids such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. In spite of several reports of optical BICs in patterned dielectric slabs with evidence of lasing, their potential as topologically protected states with theoretically infinite lifetime has not yet been fully exploited. Here we show non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons-hybrid light-matter excitations-occurring in a BIC thanks to its peculiar non-radiative nature, which favours polariton accumulation. The combination of the ultralong BIC lifetime and the tight confinement of the waveguide geometry enables the achievement of an extremely low threshold density for condensation, which is reached not in the dispersion minimum but at a saddle point in reciprocal space. By bridging bosonic condensation and symmetry-protected radiation eigenmodes, we reveal ways of imparting topological properties onto macroscopic quantum states with unexplored dispersion features. Such an observation may open a route towards energy-efficient polariton condensation in cost-effective integrated devices, ultimately suited for the development of hybrid light-matter optical circuits.
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7
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Cinquino M, Fieramosca A, Mastria R, Polimeno L, Moliterni A, Olieric V, Matsugaki N, Panico R, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Giannini C, Rizzo A, Sanvitto D, De Marco L. Managing Growth and Dimensionality of Quasi 2D Perovskite Single-Crystalline Flakes for Tunable Excitons Orientation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102326. [PMID: 34623706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites are among the most promising materials for optoelectronic applications. Their 2D crystalline form is even more interesting since the alternating inorganic and organic layers naturally forge a multiple quantum-well structure, leading to the formation of stable excitonic resonances. Nevertheless, a controlled modulation of the quantum well width, which is defined by the number of inorganic layers (n) between two organic ones, is not trivial and represents the main synthetic challenge in the field. Here, a conceptually innovative approach to easily tune n in lead iodide perovskite single-crystalline flakes is presented. The judicious use of potassium iodide is found to modulate the supersaturation levels of the precursors solution without being part of the final products. This allows to obtain a fine tuning of the n value. The excellent optical quality of the as synthesized flakes guarantees an in-depth analysis by Fourier-space microscopy, revealing that the excitons orientation can be manipulated by modifying the number of inorganic layers. Excitonic out-of-plane component, indeed, is enhanced when "n" is increased. The combined advances in the synthesis and optical characterization fill in the picture of the exciton behavior in low-dimensional perovskite, paving the way to the design of materials with improved optoelectronic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cinquino
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR-IC, Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Naohiro Matsugaki
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Panico
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR-IC, Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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8
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Di Paola DM, Walker PM, Emmanuele RPA, Yulin AV, Ciers J, Zaidi Z, Carlin JF, Grandjean N, Shelykh I, Skolnick MS, Butté R, Krizhanovskii DN. Ultrafast-nonlinear ultraviolet pulse modulation in an AlInGaN polariton waveguide operating up to room temperature. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3504. [PMID: 34108471 PMCID: PMC8190124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast nonlinear photonics enables a host of applications in advanced on-chip spectroscopy and information processing. These rely on a strong intensity dependent (nonlinear) refractive index capable of modulating optical pulses on sub-picosecond timescales and on length scales suitable for integrated photonics. Currently there is no platform that can provide this for the UV spectral range where broadband spectra generated by nonlinear modulation can pave the way to new on-chip ultrafast (bio-) chemical spectroscopy devices. We demonstrate the giant nonlinearity of UV hybrid light-matter states (exciton-polaritons) up to room temperature in an AlInGaN waveguide. We experimentally measure ultrafast nonlinear spectral broadening of UV pulses in a compact 100 μm long device and deduce a nonlinearity 1000 times that in common UV nonlinear materials and comparable to non-UV polariton devices. Our demonstration promises to underpin a new generation of integrated UV nonlinear light sources for advanced spectroscopy and measurement. Nonlinearity enhancement in different materials is relevant for many scientific applications. Here the authors demonstrate pulse modulation in the UV regime due to polariton-based nonlinearity in an AlInGaN waveguide structure, including at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Di Paola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - R P A Emmanuele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A V Yulin
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - J Ciers
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Z Zaidi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J-F Carlin
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Grandjean
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Shelykh
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia.,Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Physics, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Butté
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Physics, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Suárez-Forero DG, Riminucci F, Ardizzone V, Karpowicz N, Maggiolini E, Macorini G, Lerario G, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Lanotte AS, West K, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Sanvitto D. Enhancement of Parametric Effects in Polariton Waveguides Induced by Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:137401. [PMID: 33861133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter excitations arising from the nonperturbative coupling of a photonic mode and an excitonic resonance. Behaving as interacting photons, they show optical third-order nonlinearities providing effects such as optical parametric oscillation or amplification. It has been suggested that polariton-polariton interactions can be greatly enhanced by inducing aligned electric dipoles in their excitonic part. However, direct evidence of a true particle-particle interaction, such as superfluidity or parametric scattering, is still missing. In this Letter, we demonstrate that dipolar interactions can be used to enhance parametric effects such as self-phase modulation in waveguide polaritons. By quantifying these optical nonlinearities, we provide a reliable experimental measurement of the direct dipolar enhancement of polariton-polariton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - F Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - N Karpowicz
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Maggiolini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Macorini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A S Lanotte
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - K West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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10
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Camacho-Guardian A, Bastarrachea-Magnani MA, Bruun GM. Mediated Interactions and Photon Bound States in an Exciton-Polariton Mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:017401. [PMID: 33480782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quest to realize strongly interacting photons remains an outstanding challenge both for fundamental science and for applications. Here, we explore mediated photon-photon interactions in a highly imbalanced two-component mixture of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. Using a theory that takes into account nonperturbative correlations between the excitons as well as strong light-matter coupling, we demonstrate the high tunability of an effective interaction between quasiparticles formed by minority component polaritons interacting with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a majority component polaritons. In particular, the interaction, which is mediated by sound modes in the BEC can be made strong enough to support a bound state of two quasiparticles. Since these quasiparticles consist partly of photons, this in turn corresponds to a dimer state of photons propagating through the BEC. This gives rise to a new light transmission line where the dimer wave function is directly mapped onto correlations between the photons. Our findings open new routes for highly nonlinear optical materials and novel hybrid light-matter quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camacho-Guardian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Kyriienko O, Krizhanovskii DN, Shelykh IA. Nonlinear Quantum Optics with Trion Polaritons in 2D Monolayers: Conventional and Unconventional Photon Blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:197402. [PMID: 33216594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.197402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study a 2D system of trion polaritons at the quantum level and demonstrate that for monolayer semiconductors they can exhibit a strongly nonlinear optical response. The effect is due to the composite nature of trion-based excitations resulting in their nontrivial quantum statistical properties, and enhanced phase space filling effects. We present the full quantum theory to describe the statistics of trion polaritons, and demonstrate that the associated nonlinearity persists at the level of few quanta, where two qualitatively different regimes of photon antibunching are present for weak and strong single photon-trion coupling. We find that single photon emission from trion polaritons becomes experimentally feasible in state-of-the-art transition metal dichalcogenide setups. This can foster the development of quantum polaritonics using 2D monolayers as a material platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kyriienko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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12
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Autry TM, Nardin G, Smallwood CL, Silverman K, Bajoni D, Lemaître A, Bouchoule S, Bloch J, Cundiff S. Excitation Ladder of Cavity Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:067403. [PMID: 32845682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.067403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy directly unravels multiply excited states that overlap in a linear spectrum. We report multidimensional coherent optical photocurrent spectroscopy in a semiconductor polariton diode and explore the excitation ladder of cavity polaritons. We measure doubly and triply avoided crossings for pairs and triplets of exciton polaritons, demonstrating the strong coupling between light and dressed doublet and triplet semiconductor excitations. These results demonstrate that multiply excited excitonic states strongly coupled to a microcavity can be described as two coupled quantum-anharmonic ladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Autry
- JILA, University of Colorado & National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
| | - Gaël Nardin
- JILA, University of Colorado & National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Christopher L Smallwood
- JILA, University of Colorado & National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - Kevin Silverman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Universitá di Pavia, via Ferrata 1 Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Sophie Bouchoule
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Jacqueline Bloch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Steven Cundiff
- JILA, University of Colorado & National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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13
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Tian C, Zhou B, Xu C, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Dong H, Zhou W. Polariton-Polariton Interactions Revealed in a One-dimensional Whispering Gallery Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1552-1560. [PMID: 32097561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb interactions are essential to the dynamics and optical properties of exciton-polaritons. Here, we report an experimental observation of polariton-polariton interactions far beyond theory in a one-dimensional whispering gallery microcavity. Based on the unique half-light half-matter nature, we were able to clarify the effects of excitons, quantum confinement, and nonthermalized polariton distribution in the measurements of the polaritonic interactions. Spectacularly, our position-scan and power-scan investigations both revealed that the polariton-polariton interaction strength is up to 2 orders of magnitude larger than theoretical predictions. These results suggest that polaritonic interactions are far more complicated than the expectation and should be re-examined in polariton physics and devices involving polaritonic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Beier Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiamei Zheng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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14
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Goblot V, Rauer B, Vicentini F, Le Boité A, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Le Gratiet L, Harouri A, Sagnes I, Ravets S, Ciuti C, Amo A, Bloch J. Nonlinear Polariton Fluids in a Flatband Reveal Discrete Gap Solitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113901. [PMID: 31573264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phase frustration in periodic lattices is responsible for the formation of dispersionless flatbands. The absence of any kinetic energy scale makes flatband physics critically sensitive to perturbations and interactions. We report on the experimental investigation of the nonlinear response of cavity polaritons in the gapped flatband of a one-dimensional Lieb lattice. We observe the formation of gap solitons with quantized size and abrupt edges, a signature of the frozen propagation of switching fronts. This type of gap soliton belongs to the class of truncated Bloch waves, and has only been observed in closed systems up to now. Here, the driven-dissipative character of the system gives rise to a complex multistability of the flatband nonlinear domains. These results open up an interesting perspective regarding more complex 2D lattices and the generation of correlated photon phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goblot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Rauer
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Vicentini
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Le Boité
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - E Galopin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Le Gratiet
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Harouri
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Ravets
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Ciuti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Amo
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 -PhLAM- Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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15
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Xiang B, Ribeiro RF, Li Y, Dunkelberger AD, Simpkins BB, Yuen-Zhou J, Xiong W. Manipulating optical nonlinearities of molecular polaritons by delocalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax5196. [PMID: 31799402 PMCID: PMC6868677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonlinearities are key resources in the contemporary photonics toolbox, relevant to quantum gate operations and all-optical switches. Chemical modification is often used to control the nonlinear response of materials at the microscopic level, but on-the-fly manipulation of such response is challenging. Tunability of optical nonlinearities in the mid-infrared (IR) is even less developed, hindering its applications in chemical sensing or IR photonic circuitry. Here, we report control of vibrational polariton coherent nonlinearities by manipulation of macroscopic parameters such as cavity longitudinal length or molecular concentration. Further two-dimensional IR investigations reveal that nonlinear dephasing provides the dominant source of the observed ultrafast polariton nonlinearities. The reported phenomena originate from the nonlinear macroscopic polarization stemming from strong coupling between microscopic molecular excitations and a macroscopic photonic cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raphael F. Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Blake B. Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Knüppel P, Ravets S, Kroner M, Fält S, Wegscheider W, Imamoglu A. Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Nature 2019; 572:91-94. [PMID: 31285587 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Engineering strong interactions between optical photons is a challenge for quantum science. Polaritonics, which is based on the strong coupling of photons to atomic or electronic excitations in an optical resonator, has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge, paving the way for applications such as photonic gates for quantum information processing1 and photonic quantum materials for the investigation of strongly correlated driven-dissipative systems2,3. Recent experiments have demonstrated the onset of quantum correlations in exciton-polariton systems4,5, showing that strong polariton blockade6-the prevention of resonant injection of additional polaritons in a well delimited region by the presence of a single polariton-could be achieved if interactions were an order of magnitude stronger. Here we report time-resolved four-wave-mixing experiments on a two-dimensional electron system embedded in an optical cavity7, demonstrating that polariton-polariton interactions are strongly enhanced when the electrons are initially in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Our experiments indicate that, in addition to strong correlations in the electronic ground state, exciton-electron interactions leading to the formation of polaron-polaritons8-11 have a key role in enhancing the nonlinear optical response of the system. Our findings could facilitate the realization of strongly interacting photonic systems, and suggest that nonlinear optical measurements could provide information about fractional quantum Hall states that is not accessible through their linear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Knüppel
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Ravets
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Martin Kroner
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fält
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Atac Imamoglu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Xiang B, Ribeiro RF, Chen L, Wang J, Du M, Yuen-Zhou J, Xiong W. State-Selective Polariton to Dark State Relaxation Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5918-5927. [PMID: 31268708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The modification of vibrational dynamics is essential for controlling chemical reactions and IR photonic applications. The hybridization between cavity modes and molecular vibrational modes provides a new way to control molecular dynamics. In this work, we study the dynamics of molecular vibrational polaritons in various solvent environments. We find the dynamics of the polariton system is strongly influenced by the nature of the solvents. While the relaxation from upper polariton (UP) to dark modes is always fast (<5 ps) regardless of the medium, lower polariton (LP) in low polarity solvents shows much slower transfer (10-30 ps) into dark modes, despite the fact that the LP lifetime remains within 5 ps. This result suggests that in the latter media, the energy pumped into the LP is first transferred into intermediate states which only subsequently decay into dark modes. In contrast, in solvent environments that strongly interact with the solute, the LP population relaxes into the dense dark state manifold within a much faster time scale. We propose the intermediate state to be the high-lying excited states of dark modes, which are effectively populated by LP via, e.g., ladder-climbing. Such population in the high-lying states can be retained for tens of picoseconds, which could be pertinent to recently observed cavity-modified chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Matthew Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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18
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Gerace D, Laussy F, Sanvitto D. Quantum nonlinearities at the single-particle level. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:200-201. [PMID: 30783232 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrice Laussy
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Delteil A, Fink T, Schade A, Höfling S, Schneider C, İmamoğlu A. Towards polariton blockade of confined exciton-polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:219-222. [PMID: 30783230 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-polaritons in semiconductor microstructures have emerged as a promising system for exploring non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body systems1. Key advances in this field, including the observation of polariton condensation2, superfluidity3, realization of topological photonic bands4, and dissipative phase transitions5-7, generically allow for a description based on a mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii formalism. Observation of polariton intensity squeezing8,9 and decoherence of a polarization entangled photon pair by a polariton condensate10, on the other hand, demonstrate quantum effects that show up at high polariton occupancy. Going beyond and into the regime of strongly correlated polaritons requires the observation of a photon blockade effect11,12 where interactions are strong enough to suppress double occupancy of a photonic lattice site. Here, we report evidence of quantum correlations between polaritons spatially confined in a fibre cavity. Photon correlation measurements show that careful tuning of the coupled system can lead to a modest reduction of simultaneous two-polariton generation probability by 5%. Concurrently, our experiments allow us to measure the polariton interaction strength, thereby resolving the controversy stemming from recent experimental reports13. Our findings constitute an essential step towards the realization of strongly interacting photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Delteil
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fink
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schade
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Ataç İmamoğlu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Walker PM, Whittaker CE, Skryabin DV, Cancellieri E, Royall B, Sich M, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Skolnick MS, Krizhanovskii DN. Spatiotemporal continuum generation in polariton waveguides. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30651981 PMCID: PMC6333623 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of a spatiotemporal optical continuum in a highly nonlinear exciton-polariton waveguide using extremely low excitation powers (2-ps, 100-W peak power pulses) and a submillimeter device suitable for integrated optics applications. We observe contributions from several mechanisms over a range of powers and demonstrate that the strong light-matter coupling significantly modifies the physics involved in all of them. The experimental data are well understood in combination with theoretical modeling. The results are applicable to a wide range of systems with linear coupling between nonlinear oscillators and particularly to emerging polariton devices that incorporate materials, such as gallium nitride and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers that exhibit large light-matter coupling at room temperature. These open the door to low-power experimental studies of spatiotemporal nonlinear optics in submillimeter waveguide devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Charles E. Whittaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Dmitry V. Skryabin
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- ITMO University, Kronverksky Avenue 49, St. Petersburg, 197101 Russia
| | - Emiliano Cancellieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ben Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Maksym Sich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Ian Farrer
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Maurice S. Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
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