1
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Han SM, Park M, Kim J, Lee D. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO 2 to CO by Ligand Engineering of Gold Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404387. [PMID: 38757232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been widely studied as a promising means to convert anthropogenic CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. In this process, the alkali metal ions present in the electrolyte are known to significantly influence the CO2RR activity and selectivity. In this study, we report a strategy for preparing efficient electrocatalysts by introducing a cation-relaying ligand, namely 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA), into atom-precise Au25 nanoclusters (NCs). The CO2RR activity of the synthesized Au25(MHA)18 NCs was compared with that of Au25(HT)18 NCs (HT=1-hexanethiolate). While both NCs selectively produced CO over H2, the CO2-to-CO conversion activity of the Au25(MHA)18 NCs was significantly higher than that of the Au25(HT)18 NCs when the catholyte pH was higher than the pKa of MHA, demonstrating the cation-relaying effect of the anionic terminal group. Mechanistic investigations into the CO2RR occurring on the Au25 NCs in the presence of different catholyte cations and concentrations revealed that the CO2-to-CO conversion activities of these Au25 NCs increased in the order Li+
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myeong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Jo SY, Kim H, Park H, Ahn CY, Chung DY. Investigating Electrode-Ionomer Interface Phenomena for Electrochemical Energy Applications. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301016. [PMID: 38146665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to develop high-performance electrochemical energy applications has underscored the growing importance of comprehending the intricate dynamics within an electrode's structure and their influence on overall performance. This review investigates the complexities of electrode-ionomer interactions, which play a critical role in optimizing electrochemical reactions. Our examination encompasses both microscopic and meso/macro scale functions of ionomers at the electrode-ionomer interface, providing a thorough analysis of how these interactions can either enhance or impede surface reactions. Furthermore, this review explores the broader-scale implications of ionomer distribution within porous electrodes, taking into account factors like ionomer types, electrode ink formulation, and carbon support interactions. We also present and evaluate state-of-the-art techniques for investigating ionomer distribution, including electrochemical methods, imaging, modeling, and analytical techniques. Finally, the performance implications of these phenomena are discussed in the context of energy conversion devices. Through this comprehensive exploration of intricate interactions, this review contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of energy research, ultimately facilitating the design and development of more efficient and sustainable energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hyein Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Alternative Fuels and Power System Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of, Korea
- Department of Green Mobility, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of, Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
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3
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Ouyang XY, Ye QJ, Li XZ. Complex phase diagram and supercritical matter. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024118. [PMID: 38491632 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The supercritical region is often described as uniform with no definite transitions. The distinct behaviors of the matter therein, e.g., as liquidlike and gaslike, however, suggest "supercritical boundaries." Here we provide a mathematical description of these phenomena by revisiting the Yang-Lee theory and introducing a complex phase diagram, specifically a four-dimensional (4D) one with complex T and p. While the traditional 2D phase diagram with real temperature T and pressure p values (the physical plane) lacks Lee-Yang (LY) zeros beyond the critical point, preventing the occurrence of criticality, the off-plane zeros in this 4D scenario still induce critical anomalies in various physical properties. This relationship is evidenced by the correlation between the Widom line and LY edges in van der Waals, 2D Ising model, and water. The diverged supercritical boundaries manifest the high-dimensional feature of the phase diagram: e.g., when LY zeros of complex T or p are projected onto the physical plane, boundaries defined by isobaric heat capacity C_{p} or isothermal compression coefficient K_{T} emanates. These results demonstrate the incipient phase transition nature of the supercritical matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kim D, Lim J, Lee JH, Choi J, Kwon SH, Yim SD, Sohn YJ, Lee SG. Investigation of Effect of Platinum Nanoparticle Shape on Oxygen Transport in PEMFC Catalyst Layer Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31801-31810. [PMID: 37692235 PMCID: PMC10483685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
For the widespread adoption of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, it is compelling to investigate the influence of the Pt nanoparticle shapes on the electrocatalytic activity. In this study, a catalyst layer was modeled by incorporating four types of Pt nanoparticles: tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, and truncated octahedron, to investigate the relationship between the shapes of the nanoparticles and their impact on the oxygen transport properties using molecular dynamics simulations. The results of our study reveal that the free volume, which has a substantial impact on the oxygen transport properties, exhibited higher values in the sequence of the tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, and truncated octahedron model. The difference in free volume following the formation of less dense ionomers was also related to the surface adsorption of Pt nanoparticles. Consequently, this led to an improved facilitation of oxygen transport. To clarify the dependence of the oxygen transport on the shape of the Pt nanoparticles in detail, we analyzed the structural properties of different Pt shapes by dividing the Pt nanoparticle regions into corners, edges, and facets. Examination of the structural properties showed that the structure of the ionomer depended not only on the shape of the Pt nanoparticles but also on the number of corners and edges in the upper and side regions of the Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Kim
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lim
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Joohee Choi
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kwon
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
- Research
Institute of Industrial Technology, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Yim
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Hydrogen
Energy Engineering, University of Science
and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Sohn
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Hydrogen
Energy Engineering, University of Science
and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National
University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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5
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Construction of catalyst layer network structure for proton exchange membrane fuel cell derived from polymeric dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:184-192. [PMID: 36738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A rational design of the structure of catalyst layer (CL) is required for proton exchange membrane fuel cells to attain outstanding performance and excellent stability. It is crucial to have a profound comprehension of the correlations existing between the properties (catalyst ink), network structures of CL and proton exchange membrane fuel cells' performance for the rational design of the structure of CL. This study deeply investigates the effects of a series of alcohol solvents on the properties and network structure of CL. The results demonstrate that the CL aggregates in higher ε solution show smaller particle sizes, and the sulfonic acid groups (∼SO3H) tend to extend more outward due to the strong dissociation. A more continuous and homogeneous ionomer distribution around Pt/C aggregates is observed in the CL, which improves the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and performance of the electrode. But, the electrode has a poor performance at high current density regions due to the mass transfer resistance. Based on this, a two-step solvent control strategy is proposed to maintain uniform ionomer and aggerates distribution and optimize the mass transfer for CL. The performance of the cell improves from 0.555 V to 0.615 V at 2000 mA·cm-2.
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6
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Ning F, Qin J, Dan X, Pan S, Bai C, Shen M, Li Y, Fu X, Zhou S, Shen Y, Feng W, Zou Y, Cui Y, Song Y, Zhou X. Nanosized Proton Conductor Array with High Specific Surface Area Improves Fuel Cell Performance at Low Pt Loading. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9487-9500. [PMID: 37129062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of ordered catalyst layers, based on micro-/nanostructured arrays such as the ordered Nafion array, has demonstrated great potential in reducing catalyst loading and improving fuel cell performance. However, the size (diameter) of the basic unit of the most existing ordered Nafion arrays, such as Nafion pillar or cone, is typically limited to micron or submicron sizes. Such small sizes only provide a limited number of proton transfer channels and a small specific area for catalyst loading. In this work, the ordered Nafion array with a pillar diameter of only 40 nm (D40) was successfully prepared through optimization of the Nafion solvent, thermal annealing temperature, and stripping mode from the anode alumina oxide (AAO) template. The density of D40 is 2.7 × 1010 pillars/cm2, providing an abundance of proton transfer channels. Additionally, D40 has a specific area of up to 51.5 cm2/cm2, which offers a large area for catalyst loading. This, in turn, results in the interface between the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer becoming closer. Consequently, the peak power densities of the fuel cells are 1.47 (array as anode) and 1.29 W/cm2 (array as cathode), which are 3.3 and 2.9 times of that without array, respectively. The catalyst loading is significantly reduced to 17.6 (array as anode) and 61.0 μg/cm2 (array as cathode). Thus, the nanosized Nafion array has been proven to have high fuel cell performance with low Pt catalyst loading. Moreover, this study also provides guidance for the design of a catalyst layer for water electrolysis and electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandi Ning
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiong Dan
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Saifei Pan
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chuang Bai
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Shen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yali Li
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuwei Fu
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangbin Shen
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co., Ltd., Zibo 256401, China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co., Ltd., Zibo 256401, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yujiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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7
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Sun X, Guan J, Wang X, Li X, Zheng J, Li S, Zhang S. Phosphonated Ionomers of Intrinsic Microporosity with Partially Ordered Structure for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:733-741. [PMID: 37122458 PMCID: PMC10141605 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High mass transport resistance within the catalyst layer is one of the major factors restricting the performance and low Pt loadings of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To resolve the issue, a novel partially ordered phosphonated ionomer (PIM-P) with both an intrinsic microporous structure and proton-conductive functionality was designed as the catalyst binder to improve the mass transport of electrodes. The rigid and contorted structure of PIM-P limits the free movement of the conformation and the efficient packing of polymer chains, resulting in the formation of a robust gas transmission channel. The phosphonated groups provide sites for stable proton conduction. In particular, by incorporating fluorinated and phosphonated groups strategically on the local side chains, an orderly stacking of molecular chains based on group assembly contributes to the construction of efficient mass transport pathways. The peak power density of the membrane electrode assembly with the PIM-P ionomer is 18-379% greater than that of those with commercial or porous catalyst binders at 160 °C under an H2/O2 condition. This study emphasizes the crucial role of ordered structure in the rapid conduction of polymers with intrinsic microporosity and provides a new idea for increasing mass transport at electrodes from the perspective of structural design instead of complex processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiayu Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- E-mail:
| | - Shenghai Li
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Suobo Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- E-mail:
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8
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Zhang Q, Dong S, Shao P, Zhu Y, Mu Z, Sheng D, Zhang T, Jiang X, Shao R, Ren Z, Xie J, Feng X, Wang B. Covalent organic framework-based porous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells. Science 2022; 378:181-186. [PMID: 36228000 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lowering platinum (Pt) loadings without sacrificing power density and durability in fuel cells is highly desired yet challenging because of the high mass transport resistance near the catalyst surfaces. We tailored the three-phase microenvironment by optimizing the ionomer by incorporating ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets into Nafion. The mesoporous apertures of 2.8 to 4.1 nanometers and appendant sulfonate groups enabled the proton transfer and promoted oxygen permeation. The mass activity of Pt and the peak power density of the fuel cell with Pt/Vulcan (0.07 mg of Pt per square centimeter in the cathode) both reached 1.6 times those values without the COF. This strategy was applied to catalyst layers with various Pt loadings and different commercial catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuda Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dafei Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Orthopaedics Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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9
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Choi WY, Seo DJ, Choi H, Lee MH, Choi SW, Yoon YG, Kim TY, Kim H, Jung CY. Ionomer immobilized onto nitrogen-doped carbon black as efficient and durable electrode binder and electrolyte for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Dynamic Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using a Gas Pressure-Loaded Blister. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234177. [PMID: 34883680 PMCID: PMC8659647 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on an innovative press-loaded blister hybrid system equipped with gas-chromatography (PBS-GC) that is designed to evaluate the mechanical fatigue of two representative types of commercial Nafion membranes under relevant PEMFC operating conditions (e.g., simultaneously controlling temperature and humidity). The influences of various applied pressures (50 kPa, 100 kPa, etc.) and blistering gas types (hydrogen, oxygen, etc.) on the mechanical resistance loss are systematically investigated. The results evidently indicate that hydrogen gas is a more effective blistering gas for inducing dynamic mechanical losses of PEM. The changes in proton conductivity are also measured before and after hydrogen gas pressure-loaded blistering. After performing the mechanical aging test, a decrease in proton conductivity was confirmed, which was also interpreted using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Finally, an accelerated dynamic mechanical aging test is performed using the homemade PBS-GC system, where the hydrogen permeability rate increases significantly when the membrane is pressure-loaded blistering for 10 min, suggesting notable mechanical fatigue of the PEM. In summary, this PBS-GC system developed in-house clearly demonstrates its capability of screening and characterizing various membrane candidates in a relatively short period of time (<1.5 h at 50 kPa versus 200 h).
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12
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Ahn CY, Park JE, Kim S, Kim OH, Hwang W, Her M, Kang SY, Park S, Kwon OJ, Park HS, Cho YH, Sung YE. Differences in the Electrochemical Performance of Pt-Based Catalysts Used for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Liquid Half- and Full-Cells. Chem Rev 2021; 121:15075-15140. [PMID: 34677946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial amount of research effort has been directed toward the development of Pt-based catalysts with higher performance and durability than conventional polycrystalline Pt nanoparticles to achieve high-power and innovative energy conversion systems. Currently, attention has been paid toward expanding the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of catalysts and increase their intrinsic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, despite innumerable efforts having been carried out to explore this possibility, most of these achievements have focused on the rotating disk electrode (RDE) in half-cells, and relatively few results have been adaptable to membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in full-cells, which is the actual operating condition of fuel cells. Thus, it is uncertain whether these advanced catalysts can be used as a substitute in practical fuel cell applications, and an improvement in the catalytic performance in real-life fuel cells is still necessary. Therefore, from a more practical and industrial point of view, the goal of this review is to compare the ORR catalyst performance and durability in half- and full-cells, providing a differentiated approach to the durability concerns in half- and full-cells, and share new perspectives for strategic designs used to induce additional performance in full-cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy, Jinhae-gu, Changwon 51704, South Korea
| | - Wonchan Hwang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Her
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - SungBin Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Oh Joong Kwon
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Park
- Center for Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, South Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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13
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A Study to Enhance the Nitrate-Nitrogen Removal Rate without Dismantling the NF Module by Building a PFSA Ionomer-Coated NF Module. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100769. [PMID: 34677535 PMCID: PMC8539951 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Water resource pollution by nitrate-nitrogen, mainly caused by anthropogenic causes, induces eutrophication of water resources, and indicates the degree of organic pollution. Therefore, this study devised a method for coating PFSA ionomer with excellent chemical resistance without disassembling the module to improve the removal rate of nitrate-nitrogen in water by using a cyclic coating method on a commercially available nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane) module. Nafion was prepared as a supercritical fluid dispersion using a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, and the particle size and the degree of dispersion of the dispersion were analyzed by DLS. The crystallinity was confirmed through XRD by drying the dispersion in the liquid state. After the dispersion was prepared as a membrane according to the heat treatment conditions, the characteristics according to the particle size were analyzed by tensile strength and TEM. The nitrate-nitrogen removal rate of the NF membrane module coated with the dispersion was increased by 93% compared to that before coating. Therefore, the result showed that the cycle coating method devised in this study could efficiently coat the already commercialized module and improve performance.
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14
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Harada M, Takata SI, Iwase H, Kajiya S, Kadoura H, Kanaya T. Distinguishing Adsorbed and Deposited Ionomers in the Catalyst Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15257-15263. [PMID: 34151104 PMCID: PMC8210452 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ionomers distributed on carbon particles in the catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) govern electrical power via proton transport and oxygen permeation to active platinum. Thus, ionomer distribution is a key to PEFC performance. This distribution is characterized by ionomer adsorption and deposition onto carbon during the catalyst-ink coating process; however, the adsorbed and deposited ionomers cannot easily be distinguished in the catalyst layer. Therefore, we identified these two types of ionomers based on the positional correlation between the ionomer and carbon particles. The cross-correlation function for the catalyst layer was obtained by small-angle neutron scattering measurements with varying contrast. From fitting with a model for a fractal aggregate of polydisperse core-shell spheres, we determined the adsorbed-ionomer thickness on the carbon particle to be 51 Å and the deposited-ionomer amount for the total ionomer to be 50%. Our technique for ionomer differentiation can be used to optimally design PEFC catalyst layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Harada
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Takata
- J-PARC
Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron
Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive
Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shuji Kajiya
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kadoura
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiji Kanaya
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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15
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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16
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Ahn J, Ali MI, Lim JH, Park Y, Park IK, Duchesne D, Chen L, Kim J, Lee CH. Highly Dispersed CeO x Hybrid Nanoparticles for Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomer-Poly(tetrafluoethylene) Reinforced Membranes with Improved Service Life. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:143. [PMID: 33670579 PMCID: PMC7922010 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CeOx hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized and evaluated for use as radical scavengers, in place of commercially available Ce(NO3)3 and CeO2 nanoparticles, to avoid deterioration of the initial electrochemical performance and/or spontaneous aggregation/precipitation issues encountered in polymer electrolyte membranes. When CeOx hybrid nanoparticles were used for membrane formation, the resulting membranes exhibited improved proton conductivity (improvement level = 2-15% at 30-90 °C), and thereby electrochemical single cell performance, because the -OH groups on the hybrid nanoparticles acted as proton conductors. In spite of a small amount (i.e., 1.7 mg/cm3) of introduction, their antioxidant effect was sufficient enough to alleviate the radical-induced decomposition of perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer under a Fenton test condition and to extend the chemical durability of the resulting reinforced membranes under fuel cell operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ahn
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.A.); (J.H.L.); (Y.P.); (I.K.P.)
| | - Mobina Irshad Ali
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon University, Samcheok 25913, Korea;
| | - Jun Hyun Lim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.A.); (J.H.L.); (Y.P.); (I.K.P.)
| | - Yejun Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.A.); (J.H.L.); (Y.P.); (I.K.P.)
| | - In Kee Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.A.); (J.H.L.); (Y.P.); (I.K.P.)
| | - Denis Duchesne
- 3M Advanced Materials Division, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA; (D.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Lisa Chen
- 3M Advanced Materials Division, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144, USA; (D.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon University, Samcheok 25913, Korea;
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.A.); (J.H.L.); (Y.P.); (I.K.P.)
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17
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4049-4054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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