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Li M, Yue L, Rajan AC, Yu L, Sahu H, Montgomery SM, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. Low-temperature 3D printing of transparent silica glass microstructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2958. [PMID: 37792949 PMCID: PMC10550221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent silica glass is one of the most essential materials used in society and industry, owing to its exceptional optical, thermal, and chemical properties. However, glass is extremely difficult to shape, especially into complex and miniaturized structures. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have allowed for the creation of glass structures, but these methods involve time-consuming and high-temperature processes. Here, we report a photochemistry-based strategy for making glass structures of micrometer size under mild conditions. Our technique uses a photocurable polydimethylsiloxane resin that is 3D printed into complex structures and converted to silica glass via deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation in an ozone environment. The unique DUV-ozone conversion process for silica microstructures is low temperature (~220°C) and fast (<5 hours). The printed silica glass is highly transparent with smooth surface, comparable to commercial fused silica glass. This work enables the creation of arbitrary structures in silica glass through photochemistry and opens opportunities in unexplored territories for glass processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Liang Yue
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Arunkumar Chitteth Rajan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Harikrishna Sahu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S. Macrae Montgomery
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Zhang X, Wang X, Jiao W, Liu Y, Yu J, Ding B. Evolution from microfibers to nanofibers toward next-generation ceramic matrix composites: A review. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang C, Jiang X, Gao X, Wang H, Li L, Hussain N, Xie J, Cheng Z, Li Z, Yan J, Zhong M, Zhao L, Wu H. Saving 80% Polypropylene in Facemasks by Laser-Assisted Melt-Blown Nanofibers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7212-7219. [PMID: 36054509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic requires enormous production of facemasks and related personal protection materials, thereby increasing the amount of nondegradable plastic waste. The core material for facemasks is melt-blown polypropylene (PP) fiber. Each disposable facemask consumes ∼0.7 g of PP fibers, resulting in annual global consumption and disposal of more than 1 150 000 tons of PP fibers annually. Herein, we developed a laser-assisted melt-blown (LAMB) technique to manufacture PP nanofibers with a quality factor of 0.17 Pa-1 and significantly reduced the filter's weight. We demonstrated that a standard surgical facemask could be made with only 0.13 g of PP nanofibers, saving approximately 80% of the PP materials used in commercial facemasks. Theoretical analysis and modeling were also conducted to understand the LAMB process. Importantly, nanofibers can be easily scaled up for mass production by upgrading traditional melt blown line with scanning laser-assisted melt-blown (SLAMB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Naveed Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Jiawang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zekun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minlin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lihao Zhao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Mader M, Schlatter O, Heck B, Warmbold A, Dorn A, Zappe H, Risch P, Helmer D, Kotz F, Rapp BE. High-throughput injection molding of transparent fused silica glass. Science 2021; 372:182-186. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mader
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Warmbold
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alex Dorn
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Zappe
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Risch
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Glassomer GmbH, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Glassomer GmbH, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Glassomer GmbH, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Glassomer GmbH, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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