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Fujino T, Kameyama R, Onozuka K, Matsuo K, Dekura S, Miyamoto T, Guo Z, Okamoto H, Nakamura T, Yoshimi K, Kitou S, Arima TH, Sato H, Yamamoto K, Takahashi A, Sawa H, Nakamura Y, Mori H. Orbital hybridization of donor and acceptor to enhance the conductivity of mixed-stack complexes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3028. [PMID: 38627402 PMCID: PMC11021477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixed-stack complexes which comprise columns of alternating donors and acceptors are organic conductors with typically poor electrical conductivity because they are either in a neutral or highly ionic state. This indicates that conductive carriers are insufficient or are mainly localized. In this study, mixed-stack complexes that uniquely exist at the neutral-ionic boundary were synthesized by combining donors (bis(3,4-ethylenedichalcogenothiophene)) and acceptors (fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethanes) with similar energy levels and orbital symmetry between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor. Surprisingly, the orbitals were highly hybridized in the single-crystal complexes, enhancing the room-temperature conductivity (10-4-0.1 S cm-1) of mixed-stack complexes. Specifically, the maximum conductivity was the highest reported for single-crystal mixed-stack complexes under ambient pressures. The unique electronic structures at the neutral-ionic boundary exhibited structural perturbations between their electron-itinerant and localized states, causing abrupt temperature-dependent changes in their electrical, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujino
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Kameyama
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kota Onozuka
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsuo
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shun Dekura
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Zijing Guo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yoshimi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kitou
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Taka-Hisa Arima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuiga Nakamura
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Mori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
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Mallela N, Kawamoto T, Mori T. Charge Polarity Control in Organic Transistors of Mixed and Segregated Complexes Based on Diaminonaphthalene and Pyrene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45201-45211. [PMID: 37713417 PMCID: PMC10540136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic cocrystals of diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and diaminopyrene (DAP) with bromanil (BA) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are an exemplar system for understanding the charge-transport process, where from the viewpoint of partition theory, orbital symmetry plays a crucial role in controlling the carrier charge polarity of transistors. In the mixed-stack complexes of BA and other p-quinone acceptors, a comparatively weak donor, 1,5-DAN, shows p-channel characteristics owing to the counteractive contribution of the next highest occupied molecular orbital for electron transport. This characteristic behavior occurs because the BA molecule, situated on top of the amino group, overlaps with half of the DAN molecule. By contrast, the BA and TCNQ complexes of a stronger donor, 1,6-DAP, exhibit n-channel transport due to the cooperative path and orthogonal orbitals. Similarly, TCNQ complexes of variously substituted DAN show n-channel transport, where the TCNQ molecules are located on top of the DAN molecules. However, when the carbon electrodes of (1,5-DAN)(BA) are replaced by silver, electron transport appears due to the competitive effect of the Schottky barriers. In a highly conducting segregated complex of (1,6-DAP)(TCNQ), ambipolar transistor characteristics are observed without subtracting the bulk current by using carefully prepared thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil
Rao Mallela
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawamoto
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Topological Excitations in Neutral–Ionic Transition Systems. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence and physical properties of topological excitations in ferroelectrics, especially mobile topological boundaries in one dimension, are of profound interest. Notably, topological excitations emerging in association with the neutral–ionic (NI) phase transition are theoretically suggested to carry fractional charges and cause anomalous charge transport. In recent years, we experimentally demonstrated mobile topological excitations in a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) ferroelectric, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil [TTF-CA; TTF (C6H4S4) and CA (C6Cl4O2)], which shows the NI transition, using NMR, NQR, and electrical resistivity measurements. Thermally activated topological excitations carry charges and spins in the NI crossover region and in the ionic phase with a dimer liquid. Moreover, free solitons show a binding transition upon a space-inversion symmetry-breaking ferroelectric order. In this article, we review the recent progress in the study of mobile topological excitations emerging in TTF-CA, along with earlier reports that intensively studied these phenomena, aiming to provide the foundations of the physics of electrical conductivity and magnetism carried by topological excitations in the 1D ferroelectric.
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Minussi FB, Reis SP, Araújo EB. DC bias electric field effects on ac electrical conductivity of MAPbI 3suggesting intrinsic changes on structure and charge carrier dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475702. [PMID: 34464945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) emerges as a promising halide perovskite material for the next generation of solar cells due to its high efficiency and flexibility in material growth. Despite intensive studies of their optical and electronic properties in the past ten years, there are no reports on dc bias electric field effects on conductivity in a wide temperature range. In this work, we report the combined effects of frequency, temperature, and dc bias electric field on the ac conductivity of MAPbI3. We found that the results of dc bias electric fields are very contrasting in the tetragonal and cubic phases. In the tetragonal phase, sufficiently high dc bias electric fields induce a conductivity peak appearance ∼290 K well evidenced at frequencies higher than 100 kHz. Excluding possible degradation and extrinsic factors, we propose that this peak suggests a ferroelectric-like transition. In the absence of a dc bias electric field, the ac conductivity in the tetragonal phase increases with temperature while decreases with temperature in the cubic phase. Also, ac activation energies for tetragonal and cubic phases were found to be inversely and directly proportional to the dc bias electric field, respectively. This behavior was attributed to the ionic conduction, possibly of MA+and I-ions, for the tetragonal phase. As for the cubic phase, the ac conduction dynamics appear to be metallic-like, which seems to change to a polaronic-controlled charge transport to increased dc bias electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Minussi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - S P Reis
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, 15503-110 Votuporanga, Brazil
| | - E B Araújo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
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Iguchi H, Furutani H, Kimizuka N. Ionic Charge-Transfer Liquid Crystals Formed by Alternating Supramolecular Copolymerization of Liquid π-Donors and TCNQ. Front Chem 2021; 9:657246. [PMID: 33855013 PMCID: PMC8039295 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.657246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of liquid π-donors, lipophilic dihydrophenazine (DHP) derivatives, show remarkably high π-electron-donor property which exhibit supramolecular alternating copolymerization with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), giving ionic charge-transfer (ICT) complexes. The ICT complexes form distinct columnar liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases with well-defined alternating molecular alignment as demonstrated by UV-Vis-NIR spectra, IR spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These liquid crystalline ICT complexes display unique phase transitions in response to mechanical stress: the columnar ICT phase is converted to macroscopically oriented smectic-like mesophases upon applying shear force. Although there exist reports on the formation of ICT in the crystalline state, this study provides the first rational identification of ICT mesophases based on the spectroscopic and structural data. The liquid crystalline ICT phases are generated by strong electronic interactions between the liquid π-donors and solid acceptors. It clearly shows the significance of simultaneous fulfillment of strong π-donating ability and ordered self-assembly of the stable ICT pairs. The flexible, stimuli-responsive structural transformation of the ICT complexes offer a new perspective for designing processable CT systems with controlled hierarchical self-assembly and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Furutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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