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Zhou Y, Lv D, Wei W, Zhou T, Tang S, Yang F, Zhang J, Jiang L, Xia X, Jiang Y, Chen Q, Yue Y, Feng X. Type 17 immune response promotes oral epithelial cell proliferation in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:106005. [PMID: 38781743 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of type 17 immune response on the proliferation of oral epithelial cells in periodontitis. DESIGN A time-dependent ligature induced periodontitis mouse model was utilized to explore gingival hyperplasia and the infiltration of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) positive cells. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were employed to determine the localization and expression of IL-17A in the ligature induced periodontitis model. A pre-existing single-cell RNA sequencing dataset, comparing individuals affected by periodontitis with healthy counterparts, was reanalyzed to evaluate IL-17A expression levels. We examined proliferation markers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), Yes-associated protein (YAP), and c-JUN, in the gingival and tongue epithelium of the periodontitis model. An anti-IL-17A agent was administered daily to observe proliferative changes in the oral mucosa within the periodontitis model. Cell number quantification, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses were performed to assess the proliferative responses of human normal oral keratinocytes to IL-17A treatment in vitro. RESULTS The ligature induced periodontitis model exhibited a marked infiltration of IL-17A-positive cells, alongside significant increase in thickness of the gingival and tongue epithelium. IL-17A triggers the proliferation of human normal oral keratinocytes, accompanied by upregulation of PCNA, STAT3, YAP, and c-JUN. The administration of an anti-IL-17A agent attenuated the proliferation in oral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that type 17 immune response, in response to periodontitis, facilitates the proliferation of oral epithelial cells, thus highlighting its crucial role in maintaining the oral epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Die Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weideng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Li X, González-Maroto C, Tavassoli M. Crosstalk between CAFs and tumour cells in head and neck cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:303. [PMID: 38926351 PMCID: PMC11208506 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are amongst the most aggressive, complex, and heterogeneous malignancies. The standard of care treatments for HNC patients include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. However, around 50% do not benefit while suffering severe toxic side effects, costing the individuals and society. Decades have been spent to improve HNSCC treatment outcomes with only limited success. Much of the research in HNSCC treatment has focused on understanding the genetics of the HNSCC malignant cells, but it has become clear that tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progression as well as treatment response in HNSCC. Understanding the crosstalk between cancer cells and TME is crucial for inhibiting progression and treatment resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the predominant component of stroma in HNSCC, serve as the primary source of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and various pro-tumoral composites in TME. The activation of CAFs in HNSCC is primarily driven by cancer cell-secreted molecules, which in turn induce phenotypic changes, elevated secretive status, and altered ECM production profile. Concurrently, CAFs play a pivotal role in modulating the cell cycle, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to targeted and chemoradiotherapy in HNSCC cells. This modulation occurs through interactions with secreted molecules or direct contact with the ECM or CAF. Co-culture and 3D models of tumour cells and other TME cell types allows to mimic the HNSCC tumour milieu and enable modulating tumour hypoxia and reprograming cancer stem cells (CSC). This review aims to provide an update on the development of HNSCC tumour models comprising CAFs to obtain better understanding of the interaction between CAFs and tumour cells, and for providing preclinical testing platforms of current and combination with emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celia González-Maroto
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Murakami K, Kamiakito T, Kawata H, Kosami K, Nakaya T, Noguchi T, Mori Y, Tanaka A. Basal differentiation and expression status of SOX2 and KLF4 in basal layers are prognostic factors for disease-specific survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:303-309. [PMID: 38659289 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma is usually detected at invasive sites. However, its significance as a prognostic value has been poorly investigated. METHODS COL17 was selected as a basal differentiation marker because of its stable expression in the basal-like cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty-five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were subclassified into COL17-high (30 cases) and -low (35 cases) types, and the prognostic value was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. In addition, the stem cell markers such as SOX2, KLF4, MYC as well as the stem cell-related markers BMI1, EZH2, and YAP and its paralog TAZ, were immunohistochemically analyzed. Their prognostic values were investigated along with their COL17 status by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between the COL17-high and -low groups in the disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. When the COL17-high and -low categories were combined with the SOX2, KLF4, EZH2, or YAP/TAZ status in the basal layers, together with gender and age as covariates, the hazard ratios reached 3.3, 3.7, 2.8, and 3.1, respectively. In addition, multivariate analysis, including COL17, SOX2, and KLF4, with gender and age as covariates, showed a significantly poor prognosis for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION Based on the relatively high hazard ratios, it is indicated that basal differentiation and the expression status of SOX2 and KLF4 in the basal layers are prognostic factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamiakito
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kawata
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koki Kosami
- Division of Public Health, Center for Communities, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakaya
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tadahide Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Li J, Wang R, Li M, Zhang Z, Jin S, Ma H. APIP regulated by YAP propels methionine cycle and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216756. [PMID: 38423248 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a vital role in tumor progression and metabolic regulation. However, the involvement of YAP in metabolic reprogramming of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Using RNA sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we observed that YAP increased the levels of the main metabolites and enzymes involved in methionine metabolism. APIP, an enzyme involved in the methionine salvage pathway, was transcriptionally activated by YAP. Further experiments showed that APIP promotes HNSCC cells migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in adjacent lymph nodes and distant organs in vivo. APIP also increases the levels of metabolites in the methionine cycle. We further found that methionine reversed the inhibition of HNSCC migration and invasion by APIP knockdown. In vivo experiments demonstrated that methionine addition promoted tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, the methionine cycle phosphorylated and inactivated GSK3β, then induced the epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway. Increased APIP expression was detected in patients with HNSCC, especially in tumors with lymph node metastasis. Metabolites of methionine cycle were also elevated in HNSCC patients. Our findings revealed that APIP, a novel target of YAP, promotes the methionine cycle and HNSCC metastasis through GSK3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Jin
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hailong Ma
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Zheng W, Yuan H, Fu Y, Deng G, Zheng X, Xu L, Fan H, Jiang W, Yu X. An effective two-stage NMBzA-induced rat esophageal tumor model revealing that the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis drives the progression of ESCC. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216813. [PMID: 38499266 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Rat model of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA)-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is routinely used to study ESCC initiation, progression and new therapeutic strategies. However, the model is time-consuming and malignant tumor incidences are low. Here, we report the usage of multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib as a tumor promoter to establish an efficient two-stage NMBzA-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model, resulting in increments of tumor incidences and shortened tumor formation times. By establishing the model and applying whole-genome sequencing, we discover that benign papillomas and malignant ESCCs harbor most of the "driver" events found in rat ESCCs (e.g. recurrent mutations in Ras family, the Hippo and Notch pathways and histone modifier genes) and the mutational landscapes of rat and human ESCCs overlap extensively. We generate tumor cell lines derived from NMBzA-induced papillomas and ESCCs, showing that papilloma cells retain more characteristics of normal epithelial cells than carcinoma cells, especially their exhibitions of normal rat cell karyotypes and inabilities of forming tumors in immunodeficient mice. Three-dimensional (3-D) organoid cultures and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicate that, when compared to control- and papilloma-organoids, ESCC-organoids display salient abnormalities at tissue and single-cell levels. Multi-omic analyses indicate that NMBzA-induced rat ESCCs are accompanied by progressive hyperactivations of the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis and siRNA or inhibitors of YAP1 block the growth of rat ESCCs. Taken together, these studies provide a framework of using an effective rat ESCC model to investigate multilevel functional genomics of ESCC carcinogenesis, which justify targeting YAP1 as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuxia Fu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Kumai T, Shinomiya H, Shibata H, Takahashi H, Kishikawa T, Okada R, Fujieda S, Sakashita M. Translational research in head and neck cancer: Molecular and immunological updates. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:391-400. [PMID: 37640594 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis. Each year, approximately 880,000 patients are newly diagnosed with HNSCC worldwide, and 450,000 patients with HNSCC die. Risk factors for developing HNSCC have been identified, with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and viral infections being the major factors. Owing to the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, the number of HNSCC cases is increasing considerably. Surgery and chemoradiotherapy are the primary treatments for HNSCC. With advancements in tumor biology, patients are eligible for novel treatment modalities, namely targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Because this area of research has rapidly progressed, clinicians should understand the basic biology of HNSCC to choose an appropriate therapy in the upcoming era of personalized medicine. This review summarized recent developments in tumor biology, focusing on epidemiology, genetic/epigenetic factors, the tumor microenvironment, microbiota, immunity, and photoimmunotherapy in HNSCC, as well as how these findings can be translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Shinomiya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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7
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Wang L, Wang X, Zhu X, Zhong L, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Tang Q, Li Q, Zhang C, Wang H, Zou D. Drug resistance in ovarian cancer: from mechanism to clinical trial. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 38539161 PMCID: PMC10976737 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death. Drug resistance is the bottleneck in ovarian cancer treatment. The increasing use of novel drugs in clinical practice poses challenges for the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Continuing to classify drug resistance according to drug type without understanding the underlying mechanisms is unsuitable for current clinical practice. We reviewed the literature regarding various drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and found that the main resistance mechanisms are as follows: abnormalities in transmembrane transport, alterations in DNA damage repair, dysregulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA activity, three key classes of epigenetic modifications, constitute pivotal mechanisms of drug resistance. One drug can have multiple resistance mechanisms. Moreover, common chemotherapies and targeted drugs may have cross (overlapping) resistance mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with and thus regulate the abovementioned pathways. A subclass of miRNAs, "epi-miRNAs", can modulate epigenetic regulators to impact therapeutic responses. Thus, we also reviewed the regulatory influence of miRNAs on resistance mechanisms. Moreover, we summarized recent phase I/II clinical trials of novel drugs for ovarian cancer based on the abovementioned resistance mechanisms. A multitude of new therapies are under evaluation, and the preliminary results are encouraging. This review provides new insight into the classification of drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and may facilitate in the successful treatment of resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingxiu Jiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China.
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China.
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Amano Y, Matsubara D, Kihara A, Yoshimoto T, Fukushima N, Nishino H, Mori Y, Niki T. The significance of Hippo pathway protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1247625. [PMID: 38444414 PMCID: PMC10912186 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1247625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Hippo pathway consists of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2), large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), and yes-associated protein (YAP)1. Herein, we present the first report on the significance of major Hippo pathway protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The analyses included oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, n = 7), carcinoma in situ (CIS, n = 14), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n = 109). Results Cytoplasmic expression of MST1, LATS1, and LATS2 was low in OED, CIS, and OSCC. The cytoplasmic expression of MST2 was high in OED (5/7 cases), CIS (9/14 cases), and poorly differentiated OSCC (8/8 cases) but was low/lost in a proportion of differentiated OSCC (60/101 cases). The expression of YAP1 was associated with differentiation; low YAP expression was significantly more frequent in well-differentiated OSCC (35/71 cases), compared to moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC (11/38 cases). An infiltrative invasion pattern was associated with a high expression of MST2 and high expression of YAP1. The high expression of YAP1 was associated with features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as the loss of E-cadherin and high expression of vimentin, laminin 5, and Slug. High expression of protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 1 or 5, which positively regulates YAP activity, was associated with the high expression of YAP1 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Among the major Hippo pathway proteins, MST2 displayed a distinctive expression pattern in a significant proportion of differentiated OSCC, suggesting a possible differential role for MST2 depending on the course of OSCC progression. A high YAP1 expression may indicate aggressive OSCC with EMT via PRMTs at the invasive front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Amano
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kihara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Taichiro Yoshimoto
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Fukushima
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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9
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Shin E, Kwon Y, Jung E, Kim YJ, Kim C, Hong S, Kim J. TM4SF19 controls GABP-dependent YAP transcription in head and neck cancer under oxidative stress conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314346121. [PMID: 38315837 PMCID: PMC10873613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314346121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol are risk factors for human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV- HNSCC), which arises from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Notably, despite the mutagenic potential of smoking, HPV- HNSCC exhibits a low mutational load directly attributed to smoking, which implies an undefined role of smoking in HPV- HNSCC. Elevated YAP (Yes-associated protein) mRNA is prevalent in HPV- HNSCC, irrespective of the YAP gene amplification status, and the mechanism behind this upregulation remains elusive. Here, we report that oxidative stress, induced by major risk factors for HPV- HNSCC such as tobacco and alcohol, promotes YAP transcription via TM4SF19 (transmembrane 4 L six family member 19). TM4SF19 modulates YAP transcription by interacting with the GABP (Guanine and adenine-binding protein) transcription factor complex. Mechanistically, oxidative stress induces TM4SF19 dimerization and topology inversion in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, which in turn protects the GABPβ1 subunit from proteasomal degradation. Conversely, depletion of TM4SF19 impairs the survival, proliferation, and migration of HPV- HNSCC cells, highlighting the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting TM4SF19. Our findings reveal the roles of the key risk factors of HPV- HNSCC in tumor development via oxidative stress, offering implications for upcoming therapeutic approaches in HPV- HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbie Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Yongsoo Kwon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Eunji Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Changgon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Semyeong Hong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
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10
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Ma P, He M, Lian H, Li J, Gao Y, Wu J, Men K, Men Y, Li C. Systemic and Local Administration of a Dual-siRNA Complex Efficiently Inhibits Tumor Growth and Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:661-676. [PMID: 38175819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90% of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases and is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. RNA-based gene therapies have been developed as an emerging option for cancer treatment, but it has not been widely explored in OSCC. In this work, we developed an efficient siRNA cationic micelle DOTAP-mPEG-PCL (DMP) by self-assembling the cationic lipid DOTAP and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) polymer. We tested the characteristics and transformation efficiency of this micelle and combined DMP with siRNA targeting STAT3 and TGF-β to evaluate the antitumor effect and bone invasion interfering in vitro and in vivo. The average size of the DMP was 28.27 ± 1.62 nm with an average zeta potential of 54.60 ± 0.29 mV. The DMP/siRNA complex showed high delivery efficiency, with rates of 97.47 ± 0.42% for HSC-3. In vitro, the DMP/siSTAT3 complex exhibited an obvious cell growth inhibition effect detected by MTT assay (an average cell viability of 25.1%) and clonogenic assay (an average inhibition rate of 51.9%). Besides, the supernatant from HSC-3 transfected by DMP/siTGF-β complexes was found to interfere with osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Irrespective of local or systemic administration, DMP/siSTAT3+siTGF-β showed antitumor effects and bone invasion inhibition in the OSCC mice mandibular invasion model according to tumor volume assays and Micro-CT scanning. The complex constructed by DMP cationic micelles and siSTAT3+siTGF-β represents a potential RNA-based gene therapy delivery system for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Mingxia He
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Medicine, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Haosen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Jingmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Jieping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
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11
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Gonçalo RIC, Sousa JT, Costa CSDO, Mafra RP, Santos JLDMD, da Silva LP, Queiroz LMG. Does YAP influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions? Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38297810 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of YAP and its correlation with markers involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. STUDY DESIGN The sample consisted of 95 cases of odontogenic lesions (25 dentigerous cysts, 30 non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts, 30 conventional ameloblastomas, and 10 unicystic ameloblastomas) and 10 dental follicles used as normal odontogenic tissue. The histological sections were submitted to immunohistochemistry with YAP, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 antibodies. Immunoexpression was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using an adapted method. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and statistically (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The highest YAP expression was observed in odontogenic keratocysts, followed by unicystic ameloblastomas and conventional ameloblastomas, which exhibited moderate immunoreactivity predominantly in peripheral cells. Furthermore, significant differences in YAP immunoexpression were observed between the groups analyzed, with significant positive correlations between YAP and cyclin D1 in dentigerous cysts and unicystic ameloblastomas and between YAP and Ki-67 in unicystic ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant correlations between YAP and Bcl-2 immunoexpression in the groups studied. CONCLUSION YAP may influence epithelial cell proliferation in odontogenic cysts and tumors, suggesting its possible participation in the progression of the odontogenic lesions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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12
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Yamamoto Y, Kamiya T, Yano M, Huyen VT, Oishi M, Nishio M, Suzuki A, Sunami K, Ohtani N. Oral Microbial Profile Analysis in Patients with Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Reveals That Tumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Oral Cancer Progression by Activating YAP. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2957. [PMID: 38138101 PMCID: PMC10746018 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oral cancer has recently been increasing worldwide, particularly among young individuals and women. The primary risk factors for head and neck cancers, including oral and pharyngeal cancers, are smoking, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, and repeated exposure to mechanical stimuli. However, approximately one-third of the patients with oral and pharyngeal cancers are neither smokers nor drinkers, which points to the existence of other mechanisms. Recently, human microbes have been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Oral pathogens, especially periodontal pathobionts, are reported to play a role in the development of colon and other types of cancer. In this study, we employed a series of bioinformatics analyses to pinpoint Fusobacterium nucleatum as the predominant oral bacterial species in oral and pharyngeal cancer tissue samples. We successfully isolated Fn. polymorphum from the saliva of patients with oral cancer and demonstrated that Fn. polymorphum indeed promoted oral squamous cell carcinoma development by activating YAP in a mouse tongue cancer model. Our research offers scientific evidence for the role of the oral microbiome in oral cancer progression and provides insights that would help in devising preventative strategies against oral cancer, potentially by altering oral bacterial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kamiya
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Megumu Yano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Vu Thuong Huyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kishiko Sunami
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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13
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Sato K, Yang M, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Hori M, Nishio M, Suzuki A, Hibi H, Toyokuni S. Ferroptosis induced by plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution prevents oral cancer progression. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38047766 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution (PAL) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and carcinogenic processes with a particular focus on iron and collagenous matrix formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used three OSCC cell lines, one keratinocyte cell line, and two fibroblast lines, and cell viability assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the effect and type of cell death. The effect of PAL treatment on lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Tamoxifen-inducible Mob1a/b double-knockout mice were used for the in vivo experiment. RESULTS PAL killed OSCC cells more effectively than the control nontumorous cells and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Ferroptosis occurred and the protein level of LOX was downregulated in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PAL improved the survival rate of mice and suppressed collagenous matrix formation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PAL specifically kills OSCC cells and that ferroptosis occurs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PAL can prevent carcinogenesis and improve the survival rate of oral cancer, especially tongue cancer, by changing collagenous matrix formation via LOX suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Katayama S, Koga K, Fujimoto M, Matsuzaki I, Nabeshima K, Imafuku S, Hamasaki M. Expression of laminin332 γ2 at the invasive front is associated with tumor budding and poor prognosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1585-1593. [PMID: 37752805 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminin332 is a glycoprotein consisting of α3/β3/γ2 chains, of which the γ2 chain (Ln-γ2) is expressed in tumor cells at the invasive front in many types of malignant tumors. We have previously reported that Ln-γ2 is associated with tumor invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in vivo and in vitro. Recently, tumor budding (TB; invasion patterns in small clusters of less than five cancer cells in the stroma at the invasive front) has been reported to be a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in cSCC. Based on these findings, we speculated that expression of Ln-γ2 is related to TB in cSCC and would be an invasive factor that causes lymph node metastasis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Ln-γ2 expression and clinicopathological findings, including TB, in 102 cases of cSCC using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that high expression of Ln-γ2 at the invasive front correlated with a high TB score. In addition, high Ln-γ2 expression at the invasive front was also associated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis (death or recurrence), as in TB. Furthermore, we showed a positive association between Ln-γ2 expression at the invasive front and Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression in the Hippo pathway. Our results suggest that Ln-γ2 expression at the invasive front may have a role in TB formation via YAP and contribute to prognosis by causing lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis. The expression of Ln-γ2 would be useful for risk assessment of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in routine practice of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Katayama
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ibu Matsuzaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pathological Diagnosis Center, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hamasaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Jin S, Tsunematsu T, Horiguchi T, Mouri Y, Shao W, Miyoshi K, Hagita H, Sarubo M, Fujiwara N, Qi G, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Involvement of the OTUB1-YAP1 axis in driving malignant behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22156-22169. [PMID: 37986681 PMCID: PMC10757095 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is vital for the development of effective treatment strategies. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which regulate ubiquitin-dependent pathways, are potential targets for cancer therapy because of their structural advantages. Here we aimed to identify a potential target for HNSCC treatment among DUBs. METHODS A screening process was conducted using RNA sequencing data and clinical information from HNSCC patients in the TCGA database. A panel of 88 DUBs was analyzed to identify those associated with poor prognosis. Subsequently, HNSCC cells were modified to overexpress specific DUBs, and their effects on cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated. In vivo experiments were performed to validate the findings. RESULTS In HNSCC patients, USP10, USP14, OTUB1, and STAMBP among the screened DUBs were associated with a poor prognosis. Among them, OTUB1 showed the most aggressive characteristics in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, OTUB1 regulated the stability and nuclear localization of YAP1, a substrate involved in cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, OTUB1 expression exhibited a positive correlation with the HNSCC-YAP score in HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the critical role of OTUB1 in HNSCC progression via modulating YAP1. Targeting the OTUB1-YAP1 axis holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Jin
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Taigo Horiguchi
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Mouri
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Wenhua Shao
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Keiko Miyoshi
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroko Hagita
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Motoharu Sarubo
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Healthcare ManagementTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular PathologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral BioscienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
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16
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Xin Y, Jiang Q, Liu C, Qiu J. Plumbagin has an inhibitory effect on the growth of TSCC PDX model and it enhances the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12225-12250. [PMID: 37925175 PMCID: PMC10683608 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are the sixth most common malignant tumors worldwide. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of this type, and it is associated with poor prognosis, a high rate of recurrence and a low survival rate. Plumbagin is derived from Plumbago zeylanica L, several studies report that plumbagin could inhibit cell, tumor metastasis, induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model can maintain the heterogeneity and microenvironment of human tumors, is a powerful research tool for developing potentially effective therapies for TSCC. METHODS Tumor tissues obtained from TSCC patients were implanted into immunodeficient mice to establish TSCC PDX models. Subsequently, the PDX models were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of plumbagin on TSCC. Furthermore, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and explored the mRNA expression profiles between the treatment and control groups. We selected eight mRNAs related to the characteristics and prognosis of TSCC patients for further analysis. RESULTS Plumbagin could inhibit the growth of TSCC PDX models and inhibit expression of Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, plumbagin was shown to increase drug sensitivity to cisplatin. The eight mRNAs selected for further analysis, AXL, SCG5, VOPP1, DCBLD2 and DRAM1 are cancer-promoting genes, DUSP1, AQP5 and BLNK are cancer suppressor genes. And they were related to the diagnosis, growth, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in TSCC patients. CONCLUSION Plumbagin exhibits an inhibitory effect on the growth of the PDX model of TSCC. Moreover, plumbagin enhances the inhibitory effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qingkun Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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17
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Wu SC, Grace M, Munger K. The HPV8 E6 protein targets the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways as part of its arsenal to restrain keratinocyte differentiation. mBio 2023; 14:e0155623. [PMID: 37676018 PMCID: PMC10653872 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01556-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect basal epithelial cells and cause a dramatic expansion of basal-like, proliferative cells. This reflects the ability of papillomaviruses to delay keratinocyte differentiation, thereby maintaining aspects of the basal cell identity of persistently infected cells. This may enable papillomaviruses to establish and maintain long-term infections in squamous epithelial tissues. Previous work has revealed that the ability of β-HPV8 E6 protein to inhibit Notch and transforming growth factor β signaling importantly contributes to this activity. Here, we present evidence that HPV8 E6 also subverts Hippo and Wnt signaling and that these activities also aid in restraining keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C. Wu
- Molecular Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miranda Grace
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Molecular Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Gelbard MK, Munger K. Human papillomaviruses: Knowns, mysteries, and unchartered territories. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29191. [PMID: 37861365 PMCID: PMC10608791 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
There has been an explosion in the number of papillomaviruses that have been identified and fully sequenced. Yet only a minute fraction of these has been studied in any detail. Most of our molecular research efforts have focused on the E6 and E7 proteins of "high-risk," cancer-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Interactions of the high-risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins with their respective cellular targets, the p53 and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressors, have been investigated in minute detail. Some have thus questioned if research on papillomaviruses remains an exciting and worthwhile area of investigation. However, fundamentally new insights on the biological activities and cellular targets of the high-risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins have been discovered and previously unstudied HPVs have been newly associated with human diseases. HPV infections continue to be an important cause of human morbidity and mortality and since there are no antivirals to combat HPV infections, research on HPVs should remain attractive to new investigators and biomedical funding agencies, alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K. Gelbard
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Karl Munger
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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19
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Han T, Chen T, Chen L, Li K, Xiang D, Dou L, Li H, Gu Y. HLF promotes ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance via regulating Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:606. [PMID: 37709768 PMCID: PMC10502110 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) is aberrantly expressed in human malignancies. However, the role of HLF in the regulation of ovarian cancer (OC) remains unknown. Herein, we reported that HLF expression was upregulated in OC tissues and ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs). Functional studies have revealed that HLF regulates OC cell stemness, proliferation, and metastasis. Mechanistically, HLF transcriptionally activated Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression and subsequently modulated the Hippo signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that miR-520e directly targeted HLF 3'-UTR in OC cells. miR-520e expression was negatively correlated with HLF and YAP1 expression in OC tissues. The combined immunohistochemical (IHC) panels exhibited a better prognostic value for OC patients than any of these components alone. Importantly, the HLF/YAP1 axis determines the response of OC cells to carboplatin treatment and HLF depletion or the YAP1 inhibitor verteporfin abrogated carboplatin resistance. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further suggested that HLF might predict carboplatin benefits in OC patients. In conclusion, these findings suggest a crucial role of the miR-520e/HLF/YAP1 axis in OC progression and chemoresistance, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingsong Chen
- Department of Cancer Intervention, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Kerui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Daimin Xiang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lei Dou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yubei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Ai J, Tan Y, Liu B, Song Y, Wang Y, Xia X, Fu Q. Systematic establishment and verification of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene signature for predicting prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113137. [PMID: 37636263 PMCID: PMC10447895 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to an unfavorable prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we aimed to develop an EMT gene signature for OSCC prognosis. Methods: In TCGA dataset, prognosis-related EMT genes with p < 0.05 were screened in OSCC. An EMT gene signature was then conducted with LASSO method. The efficacy of this signature in predicting prognosis was externally verified in the GSE41613 dataset. Correlations between this signature and stromal/immune scores and immune cell infiltration were assessed by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. GSEA was applied for exploring significant signaling pathways activated in high- and low-risk phenotypes. Expression of each gene was validated in 40 paired OSCC and normal tissues via RT-qPCR. Results: A prognostic 9-EMT gene signature was constructed in OSCC. High risk score predicted poorer clinical outcomes than low risk score. ROCs confirmed the well performance on predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year survival. Multivariate cox analysis revealed that this signature was independently predictive of OSCC prognosis. The well predictive efficacy was validated in the GSE41613 dataset. Furthermore, this signature was distinctly related to stromal/immune scores and immune cell infiltration in OSCC. Distinct pathways were activated in two subgroups. After validation, AREG, COL5A3, DKK1, GAS1, GPX7 and PLOD2 were distinctly upregulated and SFRP1 was downregulated in OSCC than normal tissues. Conclusion: Our data identified and verified a robust EMT gene signature in OSCC, which provided a novel clinical tool for predicting prognosis and several targets against OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ai
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqin Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuhong Song
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qicheng Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Xu XC, Jiang JX, Zhou YQ, He S, Liu Y, Li YQ, Wei PP, Bei JX, Sun J, Luo CL. SRSF3/AMOTL1 splicing axis promotes the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through regulating the nucleus translocation of YAP1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:511. [PMID: 37558679 PMCID: PMC10412622 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of serine/arginine splicing factors (SRSFs) and abnormal alternative splicing (AS) have been widely implicated in various cancers but scarcely investigated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we examine the expression of 12 classical SRSFs between 87 NPC and 10 control samples, revealing a significant upregulation of SRSF3 and its association with worse prognosis in NPC. Functional assays demonstrate that SRSF3 exerts an oncogenic function in NPC progression. Transcriptome analysis reveals 1,934 SRSF3-regulated AS events in genes related to cell cycle and mRNA metabolism. Among these events, we verify the generation of a long isoform of AMOTL1 (AMOTL1-L) through a direct bond of the SRSF3 RRM domain with the exon 12 of AMOTL1 to promote exon inclusion. Functional studies also reveal that AMOTL1-L promotes the proliferation and migration of NPC cells, while AMOTL1-S does not. Furthermore, overexpression of AMOTL1-L, but not -S, significantly rescues the inhibitory effects of SRSF3 knockdown. Additionally, compared with AMOTL1-S, AMOTL1-L has a localization preference in the intracellular than the cell membrane, leading to a more robust interaction with YAP1 to promote nucleus translocation. Our findings identify SRSF3/AMOTL1 as a novel alternative splicing axis with pivotal roles in NPC development, which could serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China.
| | - Chun-Ling Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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22
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Clubb LM, Sato K, Quiroz PYA, Galloway WMG, Mikulski Z, Hoang TS, Medetgul-Ernar K, Marangoni P, Jones KB, Officer A, Molinolo AA, Kim K, Sakaguchi K, Califano JA, Smith Q, Klein OD, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Direct reprogramming of oral epithelial progenitor cells to cancer stem cells at single cell resolution in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550427. [PMID: 37546810 PMCID: PMC10402053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor initiation represents the initial step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Most studies investigating cancer-driving mechanisms in solid tumors rely on analyses of established malignant lesions, and thus cannot directly capture processes underlying the reprogramming of normal progenitor cells into cancer cells. Here, using spatiotemporally controlled oncogene expression in a genetically engineered system we demonstrate that concomitant YAP activation and HPV E6-E7 -mediated inhibition of tumor suppressive pathways is sufficient to rapidly reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells (OEPCs) into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Single cell analyses of these nascent CSCs revealed hallmark transcriptional programs driving tumor initiation. Importantly, these CSC-enriched expression signatures distinguish normal tissue from malignant head and neck tumors and are associated with poor patient survival. Elucidating mechanisms underlying OEPC to CSC reprogramming may offer new insights to halt the conversion of premalignant cells into invasive carcinoma. HIGHLIGHTS YAP and HPV E6-E7 reprogram oral epithelial progenitor cells into cancer stem cells. Single cell analyses reveal the transcriptional architecture of tumor initiation.CSC transcriptional programs distinguish normal tissue from carcinoma.CSC signatures are associated with poor head and neck cancer survival. Abstract Figure
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23
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Julius P, Siyumbwa SN, Maate F, Moonga P, Kang G, Kaile T, West JT, Wood C, Angeletti PC. Yes-associated protein-1 overexpression in ocular surface squamous neoplasia; a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1213426. [PMID: 37476371 PMCID: PMC10354641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1) is a Hippo system transcription factor, which serves as an oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma, and several solid tumors when the Hippo pathway is dysregulated. Yet, the activity of YAP-1 in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has not been determined. Here, we investigate the relationship between YAP-1 overexpression and OSSN. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 227 OSSN patients from the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess YAP-1 protein overexpression in tumor tissue relative to surrounding benign squamous epithelium. OSSN patient samples (preinvasive, n = 62, 27% and invasive, n = 165, 73%) were studied. One hundred forty-nine invasive tumors contained adjacent preinvasive tissue, bringing the total number of preinvasive lesions examined to 211 (62 + 149). There was adjacent benign squamous epithelium in 50.2% (114/227) of OSSN samples. Nuclear YAP- 1 was significantly overexpressed in preinvasive (Fisher's (F): p <.0001, Monte Carlo (MC): p <.0001) and invasive (F: p <.0001, MC: p <.0001) OSSN in comparison to adjacent benign squamous epithelium when analyzed for basal keratinocyte positive count, staining intensity, expression pattern, and Immunostaining intensity-distribution index. YAP-1 expression did not differ between preinvasive and invasive OSSN (p >.05), keratinizing and non- keratinizing cancer (p >.05), or between T1/T2 and T3/T4 stages in invasive tumors (p >.05). However, grade 2 and 3 tumors had significantly stronger nucleus YAP-1 overexpression intensity than grade 1 tumors (F: p = .0078, MC: p = .0489). By immunohistochemistry, we identified significant overexpression (upregulation of YAP-1 protein expression) in preinvasive and invasive OSSN lesions compared to neighboring benign squamous epithelium. YAP-1 expression was significantly higher in poorly and moderately differentiated invasive squamous cancer than in well-differentiated carcinomas. Overexpression of YAP-1 within the margin of preinvasive and invasive OSSN, but not in the neighboring normal epithelium, indicates that it plays a role in the development and progression of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Fred Maate
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phyllis Moonga
- University Teaching Hospital, Eye Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Guobin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Trevor Kaile
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Peter C. Angeletti
- Nebraska Center for Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
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24
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Mokhtari RB, Ashayeri N, Baghaie L, Sambi M, Satari K, Baluch N, Bosykh DA, Szewczuk MR, Chakraborty S. The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ-TEAD Oncoproteins as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3468. [PMID: 37444578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cancer cell-associated intrinsic and extrinsic inputs act on YAP/TAZ proteins to mediate the hyperactivation of the TEAD transcription factor-based transcriptome. This YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity can override the growth-limiting Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway that maintains normal tissue homeostasis. Herein, we provide an integrated summary of the contrasting roles of YAP/TAZ during normal tissue homeostasis versus tumor initiation and progression. In addition to upstream factors that regulate YAP/TAZ in the TME, critical insights on the emerging functions of YAP/TAZ in immune suppression and abnormal vasculature development during tumorigenesis are illustrated. Lastly, we discuss the current methods that intervene with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncogenic signaling pathway and the emerging applications of combination therapies, gut microbiota, and epigenetic plasticity that could potentiate the efficacy of chemo/immunotherapy as improved cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neda Ashayeri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Leili Baghaie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kosar Satari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dmitriy A Bosykh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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25
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Saravana Murthy P, Kannan A, Ganesan A, Lakshmi KC, Aniyan Kumbalaparambil Y. Evaluating the expression of microRNA-15a-5p and YAP1 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with normal tissue: A cross-sectional study. J Oral Pathol Med 2023. [PMID: 37285474 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in cancer progression, including oral cancer (OC). However, the biological mechanisms of miRNA-15a-5p in OC remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of miRNA-15a-5p and the YAP1 gene in OC. METHODS A total of 22 clinically and histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were recruited, and their tissues were stored in a stabilizing solution. Later, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate miRNA-15a-5p and the targeting gene YAP1. The results of OSCC samples were compared with unpaired normal tissues. RESULTS The normality tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk, revealed a normal distribution. Inferential statistics were performed using an independent sample t-test/unpaired t-test among the study intervals to compare the expression of miR-15a and YAP1. SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2019) was used to analyse the data. The significance level was set at 5% (α = 0.05), and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The expression of miRNA-15a-5p was lower in OSCC than in normal tissue, whereas the opposite was observed for YAP1 levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miRNA-15a-5p was downregulated and YAP1 was overexpressed, which had a statistically significant difference between the normal and OSCC groups. Therefore, miRNA-15a-5p may serve as a novel biomarker to better understand the pathology and as a potential target in OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Kannan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
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26
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Alam J, Huda MN, Tackett AJ, Miah S. Oncogenic signaling-mediated regulation of chromatin during tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:409-425. [PMID: 37147457 PMCID: PMC10348982 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways play critical roles in executing and controlling important biological processes within cells. Cells/organisms trigger appropriate signal transduction pathways in order to turn on or off intracellular gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. An orchestrated regulation of different signaling pathways across different organs and tissues is the basis of many important biological functions. Presumably, any malfunctions or dysregulation of these signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of disease, particularly cancer. In this review, we discuss how the dysregulation of signaling pathways (TGF-β signaling, Hippo signaling, Wnt signaling, Notch signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling) modulates chromatin modifications to regulate the epigenome, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sayem Miah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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27
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Liu X, Zhan W, Gao G, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Sun X, Han W, Wu FG, Liang G. Apoptosis-Amplified Assembly of Porphyrin Nanofiber Enhances Photodynamic Therapy of Oral Tumor. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7918-7930. [PMID: 36987560 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer, having high recurrence and metastasis features. In addition to surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as another effective approach for OSCC treatment. The water solubility of currently available PDT photosensitizers (PSs) is poor, lowering their singlet oxygen (1O2) yield and consequent PDT efficiency. Strategies of PS assembly have been reported to increase 1O2 yield, but it is still possible to further enhance PDT efficiency. In this work, we utilized apoptosis to amplify the assembly of porphyrin nanofibers for enhanced PDT of OSCC. A water-soluble porphyrin derivative, Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Asp-TPP (Ac-DEVDD-TPP), was designed for this purpose. Upon caspase-3 (Casp3, an activated enzyme during apoptosis) cleavage and laser irradiation, Ac-DEVDD-TPP was converted to D-TPP, which spontaneously self-assembled into porphyrin nanofibers, accompanied by 1.4-fold and 2.1-fold 1O2 generations in vitro and in cells, respectively. The as-formed porphyrin nanofiber induced efficient cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that, compared with the scrambled control compound Ac-DEDVD-TPP, Ac-DEVDD-TPP led to 6.2-fold and 1.3-fold expressions of Casp3 in subcutaneous and orthotopic oral tumor models, respectively, and significantly suppressed the tumors. We envision that our strategy of apoptosis-amplified porphyrin assembly might be applied for OSCC treatment in the clinic in the near future.
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28
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Hou J, Li W, Zhang S, Tan D, Lv K, Zhu Y, Hou Y, Guo H, Jiang L. UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in small cell lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:385-397. [PMID: 36537722 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor characterized by aggressiveness and dismal prognosis. The specific role of ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain (UHRF1), a frequently overexpressed cancer-promoting gene in various tumors, is poorly understood in SCLC. Herein, we explored the potential carcinogenic role of UHRF1 in SCLC. First, public databases were used to analyze the expression of UHRF1 in SCLC, and tissue specimens in our center were examined to confirm the results while clinical outcomes were collected to analyze its relationship with UHRF1. Then, UHRF1 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were established to evaluate the carcinogenic function of UHRF1 in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the biological consequences was determined by co-inmunoprecipitation. Moreover, we also analyzed the influence of UHRF1 on cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of SCLC. The expression of UHRF1 was significantly higher in SCLC tissues than in normal tissues, and high levels of UHRF1 suggested a poor prognosis for SCLC. Mechanistically, UHRF1 promoted SCLC growth through yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Specifically, UHRF1 bound to YAP1 and inhibited YAP1 ubiquitin degradation, thus stabilizing the YAP1 protein in SCLC cells. UHRF1 downregulation enhanced DDP sensitivity in SCLC cells and was correlated with a favorable prognosis in patients with SCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in SCLC by modulating YAP1. Therefore, UHRF1 could be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of SCLC patients and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deli Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kejia Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Environment and Disease-related Genes of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Molecular Biomarkers of Malignant Transformation in Head and Neck Dysplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225581. [PMID: 36428690 PMCID: PMC9688631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its treatments are associated with substantial morbidity, often resulting in cosmetic deformity and loss of physiologic functions including speech and swallowing. Despite advancements in treatment, 5-year survival rates for mucosal malignancies remain below 70%. Effective prevention of HNSCC demands an understanding of the molecular pathways of carcinogenesis. Specifically, defining features of pre-cancerous dysplastic lesions that indicate a better or worse prognosis is necessary to help identify patients who are likely to develop a carcinoma and allow a more aggressive approach to management. There remains a need for identification of biomarkers that can provide both early prognostic and predictive value in clinical decision-making by serving as both therapeutic targets as well as predictors of therapy response. Here, we comprehensively review the most frequently altered molecular biomarkers of malignant transformation in head and neck dysplasia. These markers are involved in a wide range of cellular processes in head and neck carcinogenesis, including extracellular matrix degradation, cell motility and invasion, cell-cell adhesion, solute transport, immortalization, metabolism, the cell cycle and apoptosis, transcription, and cell signaling.
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Ando T, Okamoto K, Shintani T, Yanamoto S, Miyauchi M, Gutkind JS, Kajiya M. Integrating Genetic Alterations and the Hippo Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Future Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101544. [PMID: 36294681 PMCID: PMC9604790 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations and dysregulation of signaling pathways are indispensable for the initiation and progression of cancer. Understanding the genetic, molecular, and signaling diversities in cancer patients has driven a dynamic change in cancer therapy. Patients can select a suitable molecularly targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor based on the driver gene alterations determined by sequencing of cancer tissue. This “precision medicine” approach requires detailed elucidation of the mechanisms connecting genetic alterations of driver genes and aberrant downstream signaling pathways. The regulatory mechanisms of the Hippo pathway and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (YAP/TAZ) that have central roles in cancer cell proliferation are not fully understood, reflecting their recent discovery. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has shown that various genetic alterations dysregulate the Hippo pathway and hyperactivate YAP/TAZ in cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we summarize the latest evidence linking genetic alterations and the Hippo pathway in HNSCC, with the aim of contributing to the continued development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Ando
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5727
| | - Kento Okamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Xu R, Yang Z, Fan J, Huang X, Long L, Yu S, Zhang X, Li X, Huang H. Knowledge base and emerging trends in YAP1 research. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6467-6483. [PMID: 36247309 PMCID: PMC9556511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates the Hippo signaling pathway, which participates in the development and growth of the body; it plays key roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of YAP1 has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we explored the status and evolutionary trend in YAP1 research via bibliometric analysis. A total of 2,928 publications were downloaded from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The co-citation network map was drawn via CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. We analyzed the co-authorship networks among countries, journals, and authors, as well as co-occurrence of co-cited references, citation bursts, and keywords in YAP1 research, in order to predict its literature development. The present research evaluates the annual publication trends of YAP1 literature, and the following results were established: research on YAP1 are of steady increase; China present the highest co-citation; the Journal of Biological Chemistry (J Biol Chem) was the most productive journal, while Cell press received the most citations from co-cited references; Among the authors in the overall citations Bin Zhao is the most promising collaborator for emerging scholars in this field; and lastly, co-occurrence keyword analysis indicated that the emerging trends in YAP1 research were mainly focused on cancer therapy. We established that projects on YAP1 research is presently in its rapid developmental stage with active global collaboration. In addition, the mechanism and clinical significance of YAP1 in cancer was established as the potential trend of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
- Changsha Health Vocational CollegeChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Xueying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Linna Long
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Siying Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
| | - Xia Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine/Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - He Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine/Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Hippo-TAZ signaling is the master regulator of the onset of triple-negative basal-like breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123134119. [PMID: 35858357 PMCID: PMC9303858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123134119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive form of this disease, and patients have a poor prognosis. Here, we present data suggesting that the Hippo-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) pathway is a key driver of BLBC onset and progression. Deletion of Mob1a/b in mouse mammary luminal epithelium induced rapid and highly reproducible mammary tumorigenesis that was dependent on TAZ but not yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). In situ early-stage BLBC-like malignancies developed in mutant animals by 2 wk of age, and invasive BLBC appeared by 4 wk. In a human estrogen receptor+ luminal breast cancer cell line, TAZ hyperactivation skewed the features of these luminal cells to the basal phenotype, consistent with the aberrant TAZ activation frequently observed in human precancerous BLBC lesions. TP53 mutation is rare in human precancerous BLBC but frequent in invasive BLBC. Addition of Trp53 deficiency to our Mob1a/b-deficient mouse model enhanced tumor grade and accelerated cancer progression. Our work justifies targeting the Hippo-TAZ pathway as a therapy for human BLBC, and our mouse model represents a powerful tool for evaluating candidate agents.
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Uemura S, Yamashita M, Aoyama K, Yokomizo-Nakano T, Oshima M, Nishio M, Masuko M, Takizawa J, Sone H, Yamada Y, Suzuki A, Iwama A. YAP1/TAZ activity maintains vascular integrity and organismal survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:117-123. [PMID: 35753219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the major treatment modalities for patients with cancers. However, ionizing radiation (IR) damages not only cancer cells but also the surrounding vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Hippo pathway effector genes Yap1 and Taz are the two transcriptional coactivators that have crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and vascular integrity in various organs. However, their function in adult ECs at the steady state and after IR is poorly understood. Here, we report sex- and context-dependent roles of endothelial YAP1/TAZ in maintaining vascular integrity and organismal survival. EC-specific Yap1/Taz deletion compromised systemic vascular integrity, resulting in lethal circulation failure preferentially in male mice. Furthermore, EC-specific Yap1/Taz deletion induced acute lethality upon sublethal IR that was closely associated with exacerbated systemic vascular dysfunction and circulation failure. Consistent with these findings, RNA-seq analysis revealed downregulation of tight junction genes in Yap1/Taz-deleted ECs. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of endothelial YAP1/TAZ for maintaining adult vascular function, which may provide clinical implications for preventing organ injury after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Uemura
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Masuko
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Takizawa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell Pathology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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YAP1 maintains active chromatin state in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas that promotes tumorigenesis through cooperation with BRD4. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110970. [PMID: 35705032 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and other published data of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) reveals somatic alterations of the Hippo-YAP pathway in approximately 50% of HNSCC. Better strategies to target the YAP1 transcriptional complex are sought. Here, we show that FAT1, an upstream inhibitor of YAP1, is mutated either by missense or by truncating mutation in 29% of HNSCC. Comprehensive proteomic and drug-screening studies across pan-cancer models confirm that FAT1-mutant HNSCC exhibits selective and higher sensitivity to BRD4 inhibition by JQ1. Epigenomic analysis reveals an active chromatin state in FAT1-mutant HNSCC cells that is driven by the YAP/TAZ transcriptional complex through recruitment of BRD4 to deposit active histone marks, thereby maintaining an oncogenic transcriptional state. This study reveals a detailed cooperative mechanism between YAP1 and BRD4 in HNSCC and suggests a specific therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of this subset of head and neck cancer patients.
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35
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Park JC, Krishnakumar HN, Saladi SV. Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4185-4198. [PMID: 35735443 PMCID: PMC9221564 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of immunotherapy, significant improvement has been made in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a small subset of patients with HNSCC benefit from immunotherapy. The current biomarker, a programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that is widely used in treatment decision making for advanced HNSCC, has only a moderate predictive value. Additionally, PD-L1-based assay has critical inherent limitations due to its highly dynamic nature and lack of standardization. With the advance in molecular techniques and our understanding of biology, more reliable, reproducible, and practical novel biomarkers are being developed. These include but are not limited to neoantigen/mutation characteristics, immune transcriptomes, tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition, cancer epigenomic, proteomics and metabolic characteristics, and plasma-based and organoid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Park
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | | | - Srinivas Vinod Saladi
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-807-7881
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Chu PC, Dokla EME, Hu JL, Weng JR. Induction of apoptosis using ATN as a novel Yes-associated protein inhibitor in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1404-1412. [PMID: 35212453 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective therapy to improve prognosis. Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for squamous cell carcinoma treatment. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of {[N-(4-(5-(3-(3-(4-acetamido-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-chlorophenyl)-nicotinamide]} (ATN), a novel YAP inhibitor, in OSCC cells. ATN exhibited differential antiproliferative efficacy against OSCC cells (IC50 as low as 0.29 μM) versus nontumorigenic human fibroblast cells (IC50 = 1.9 μM). Moreover, ATN effectively suppressed the expression of YAP and YAP-related or downstream targets, including Akt, p-AMPK, c-Myc, and cyclin D1, which paralleled the antiproliferative efficacy of ATN. Supporting the roles of YAP in regulating cancer cell survival and migration, ATN not only induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, but also suppressed migration activity in OSCC. Mechanistically, the antitumor activity of ATN in OSCC was attributed, in part, to its ability to regulate Mcl-1 expression. Together, these findings suggest a translational potential of YAP inhibitors, represented by ATN as anticancer therapy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chen Chu
- Department of Cosmeceutics and Graduate Institute of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eman M E Dokla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jing-Lan Hu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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37
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Molecular Research on Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials: A Journey from Oral Cell Models to Advanced Regenerative Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095288. [PMID: 35563679 PMCID: PMC9105421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer affect millions of people worldwide. Much research has been conducted to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases and translate this knowledge into therapeutics. This review aims to take the reader on a journey from the initial molecular discoveries to complex regenerative issues in oral medicine. For this, a semi-systematic literature search was carried out in Medline and Web of Science databases to retrieve the primary literature describing oral cell models and biomaterial applications in oral regenerative medicine. First, an in vitro cell model of gingival keratinocytes is discussed, which illustrates patho- and physiologic principles in the context of oral epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis and represents a cellular tool to understand biomaterial-based approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration. Consequently, a layered gradient nonwoven (LGN) is described, which demonstrates that the key features of biomaterials serve as candidates for oral tissue regeneration. LGN supports proper tissue formation and obeys the important principles for molecular mechanotransduction. Furthermore, current biomaterial-based tissue regeneration trends, including polymer modifications, cell-based treatments, antimicrobial peptides and optogenetics, are introduced to represent the full spectrum of current approaches to oral disease mitigation and prevention. Altogether, this review is a foray through established and new concepts in oral regenerative medicine and illustrates the process of knowledge translation from basic molecular and cell biological research to future clinical applications.
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38
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Neinaa YMEH, El-Aziz Mohamed DA, Ali SAEM, Gaballah HH, El-Tatawy RA. YAP1 Expression in Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Role in Disease Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Target. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:348-354. [PMID: 35234193 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP), especially oral type, reported a potential risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Yes-Associated Protein (YAP1), a key component of the Hippo pathway, acts as a transcription cofactor regulating expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Therefore, it has been implicated in carcinogenesis of a wide variety of human cancers. OBJECTIVES To study YAP1 expression in LP and SCC in comparison to normal control (NC) specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 50 NC specimens, 50 LP specimens, and 50 SCC specimens. They were categorized into 2 main groups; cutaneous (25 NC, 25 LP, 25 SCC), and oral (25 NC, 25 LP, 25 SCC). All specimens were examined for YAP1 antibody expression by immunohistochemistry and YAP1 mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In both cutaneous and oral groups; significant upregulation of YAP1 expressions was observed in SCC specimens followed by LP and then NC specimens in the same sequence. Its expression in SCC was found to be significantly higher in poorly and moderately differentiated types than well differentiated types. CONCLUSION YAP1 may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of LP and oncogenesis and progression of SCC. Moreover, it could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rania Ahmed El-Tatawy
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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39
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Anguiano Quiroz PY, Mendez-Molina AN, Gutkind JS. Genomic Hippo Pathway Alterations and Persistent YAP/TAZ Activation: New Hallmarks in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1370. [PMID: 35456049 PMCID: PMC9028246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a highly prevalent and deadly malignancy worldwide. The prognosis for locoregionally advanced HNSCC has not appreciably improved over the past 30 years despite advances in surgical, radiation, and targeted therapies and less than 20% of HNSCC patients respond to recently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. The Hippo signaling pathway, originally discovered as a mechanism regulating tissue growth and organ size, transduces intracellular and extracellular signals to regulate the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Alterations in the Hippo pathway resulting in persistent YAP and TAZ activation have emerged as major oncogenic drivers. Our analysis of the human HNSCC oncogenome revealed multiple genomic alterations impairing Hippo signaling and activating YAP and TAZ, which in turn contribute to HNSCC development. This includes mutations and deletions of the FAT1 gene (29%) and amplification of the WWTR1 (encoding TAZ, 14%) and YAP1 genes (8%), together representing one of the most genetically altered signaling mechanisms in this malignancy. Here, we discuss key elements of the mammalian Hippo pathway, detail mechanisms by which perturbations in Hippo signaling promote HNSCC initiation and progression and outline emerging strategies to target Hippo signaling vulnerabilities as part of novel multimodal precision therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sydney I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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Hasegawa K, Fujii S, Kurppa KJ, Maehara T, Oobu K, Nakamura S, Kiyoshima T. Clear Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue Exhibits Characteristics as an Undifferentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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DeYoung C, Guan B, Ullah E, Blain D, Hufnagel RB, Brooks BP. De novo frameshift mutation in YAP1 associated with bilateral uveal coloboma and microphthalmia. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:513-517. [PMID: 35318877 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2028299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal colobomata are eye defects that result from failure of the optic fissure of the neuroectoderm-derived optic cup to close between weeks 5-7 of fetal life. Mutations in YAP1 have previously been linked to uveal coloboma. We present the clinical features and genetic basis of a one-year-old male with bilateral uveal colobomata. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical features were gathered from an age-appropriate evaluation and retrospectively from clinical records. DNA samples were collected from the proband, his uncle (who also had coloboma), both parents, and one sibling. Whole-genome sequencing of the coding regions and intron-exon boundaries confirmed a mutation in the proband. These genetic findings were verified using the Sanger method of DNA sequencing. RESULTS The proband is a male with congenital bilateral colobomata (iris/retina/nerve), reduced vision, nystagmus with null point, bilateral microcornea, right microphthalmia, possible mild right hemifacial microsomia, a tubular nose, possible spina bifida occulta, and astigmatism. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed a heterozygous YAP1 frameshift mutation NM_001130145.3:c.178dupG p.(Asp60GlyfsTer52) in the proband. This mutation was absent in all other tested family members. CONCLUSIONS We report a de novo mutation in YAP1 that likely results in nonsense-mediated decay. Given the association with YAP1 haploinsufficiency and colobomatous microphthalmia, this novel variant provides a molecular diagnosis for the proband. Further insight into YAP1 mutations may have implications in the prevention/treatment of uveal coloboma and other syndromic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles DeYoung
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Xu P, Wang C, Xiang W, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Guo C, Liu M, Shi Y, Ye X, Dang Y. P2RY6 has a critical role in mouse skin carcinogenesis by regulating the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2334-2342.e8. [PMID: 35304248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
P2Y purinoceptor 6 (P2RY6) is highly expressed in skin keratinocytes, but its function in skin diseases is unclear. We use two-step chemical induction method to induce mouse skin tumor formation. Multiple in vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the role of P2RY6 in skin tumor. We report that P2ry6-deficient mice exhibit marked resistance to DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma formation compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, epidermal hyperplasia in response to TPA was suppressed in the P2ry6 knockout or MRS2578 (P2RY6 antagonist)-treated mice. The dramatic decrease in hyperplasia and tumorigenesis due to P2ry6 disruption was associated with the suppression of TPA-induced keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory reactions. Notably, P2ry6 deletion prevented the TPA-induced increase in YAP nuclear accumulation and its downstream gene expression in an MST/LATS1-dependent manner. Upon TPA stimulation, enhanced activation of MEK1 and β-catenin were also impaired in P2ry6 knockout primary keratinocytes, tumor tissues or MRS2578-treated HaCaT cells. Moreover, mutual promotion of the YAP and β-catenin signaling pathways was observed in normal skin cells treated with TPA, while P2ry6 deletion could inhibit their crosstalk by regulating MEK1. Thus, P2RY6 is a critical positive regulator of skin tumorigenesis via modulation of the Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caibing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Xiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Psoriasis Treatment Center, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Yes-associated protein 1 exerts its tumor-promoting effects and increases cisplatin resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by dysregulating Hippo signal pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:352-361. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hatterschide J, Castagnino P, Kim HW, Sperry SM, Montone KT, Basu D, White EA. YAP1 activation by human papillomavirus E7 promotes basal cell identity in squamous epithelia. eLife 2022; 11:75466. [PMID: 35170430 PMCID: PMC8959598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of stratified squamous epithelial cells causes nearly 5% of cancer cases worldwide. HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers harbor few mutations in the Hippo signaling pathway compared to HPV-negative cancers at the same anatomical site, prompting the hypothesis that an HPV-encoded protein inactivates the Hippo pathway and activates the Hippo effector yes-associated protein (YAP1). The HPV E7 oncoprotein is required for HPV infection and for HPV-mediated oncogenic transformation. We investigated the effects of HPV oncoproteins on YAP1 and found that E7 activates YAP1, promoting YAP1 nuclear localization in basal epithelial cells. YAP1 activation by HPV E7 required that E7 binds and degrades the tumor suppressor protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14). E7 required YAP1 transcriptional activity to extend the lifespan of primary keratinocytes, indicating that YAP1 activation contributes to E7 carcinogenic activity. Maintaining infection in basal cells is critical for HPV persistence, and here we demonstrate that YAP1 activation causes HPV E7 expressing cells to be retained in the basal compartment of stratified epithelia. We propose that YAP1 activation resulting from PTPN14 inactivation is an essential, targetable activity of the HPV E7 oncoprotein relevant to HPV infection and carcinogenesis. The ‘epithelial’ cells that cover our bodies are in a constant state of turnover. Every few weeks, the outermost layers die and are replaced by new cells from the layers below. For scientists, this raises a difficult question. Cells infected by human papillomaviruses, often known as HPV, can become cancerous over years or even decades. How do infected cells survive while the healthy cells around them mature and get replaced? One clue could lie in PTPN14, a human protein which many papillomaviruses eliminate using their viral E7 protein; this mechanism could be essential for the virus to replicate and cause cancer. To find out the impact of losing PTPN14, Hatterschide et al. used human epithelial cells to make three-dimensional models of infected tissues. These experiments showed that, when papillomaviruses destroy PTPN14, a human protein called YAP1 turns on in the lowest, most long-lived layer of the tissue. Cells in which YAP1 is activated survive while those that carry the inactive version mature and die. This suggests that papillomaviruses turn on YAP1 to remain in tissues for long periods. Papillomaviruses cause about five percent of all human cancers. Finding ways to stop them from activating YAP1 has the potential to prevent disease. Overall, the research by Hatterschide et al. also sheds light on other epithelial cancers which are not caused by viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hatterschide
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Paola Castagnino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Hee Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Steven M Sperry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Elizabeth A White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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Khan NH, Mir M, Qian L, Baloch M, Ali Khan MF, Rehman AU, Ngowi EE, Wu DD, Ji XY. Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures. J Adv Res 2022; 36:223-247. [PMID: 35127174 PMCID: PMC8799916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer has been the leading type of cancer worldwide. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are now the most common types of skin cancer that have been reached to epidemic proportion. Based on the rapid prevalence of skin cancers, and lack of efficient drug delivery systems, it is essential to surge the possible ways to prevent or cure the disease. Aim of review Although surgical modalities and therapies have been made great progress in recent years, however, there is still an urgent need to alleviate its increased burden. Hence, understanding the precise pathophysiological signaling mechanisms and all other factors of such skin insults will be beneficial for the development of more efficient therapies. Key scientific concepts of review In this review, we explained new understandings about onset and development of skin cancer and described its management via polymeric micro/nano carriers-based therapies, highlighting the current key bottlenecks and future prospective in this field. In therapeutic drug/gene delivery approaches, polymeric carriers-based system is the most promising strategy. This review discusses that how polymers have successfully been exploited for development of micro/nanosized systems for efficient delivery of anticancer genes and drugs overcoming all the barriers and limitations associated with available conventional therapies. In addition to drug/gene delivery, intelligent polymeric nanocarriers platforms have also been established for combination anticancer therapies including photodynamic and photothermal, and for theranostic applications. This portfolio of latest approaches could promote the blooming growth of research and their clinical availability.
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Key Words
- 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- BCC, Basal cell carcinoma
- BCCs, Basal cell carcinomas
- Basal cell carcinoma
- CREB, response element-binding protein
- DDS, Drug delivery system
- DIM-D, Di indolyl methane derivative
- Drug delivery
- GNR-PEG-MN, PEGylated gold nanorod microneedle
- Gd, Gadolinium
- Gene delivery
- HH, Hedgehog
- HPMC, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- IPM, Isopropyl myristate
- MCIR, Melanocortin-1 receptor
- MNPs, Magnetic nanoparticle
- MNs, Microneedles
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- MSC, Melanoma skin cancer
- Microneedles
- Mn, Manganese
- NMSC, Non melanoma skin cancer
- NPs, Nano Particles
- OTR, Organ transplant recipients
- PAMAM, Poly-amidoamines
- PAN, Polyacrylonitrile
- PATCH1, Patch
- PCL, Poly (ε-caprolactone)
- PDT, Photodynamic therapy
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PLA, Poly lactic acid
- PLA-HPG, Poly (d-l-lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol
- PLGA, Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers
- PLL, Poly (L-lysine)
- Polymeric nanocarriers
- QDs, Quantum dots
- SC, Skin cancer
- SCC, Squamous cell Carcinoma
- SMO, Smoothen
- SPIO, Superparamagnetic iron oxide
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- UV, Ultra Violet
- cAMP, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- dPG, Dendritic polyglycerol
- hTERT, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences. Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Lei Qian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Mahnoor Baloch
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim-ur- Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Xu JC, Tian XY, Han R, Huang QY, Zhou MY, Luo B, Chen XR. Erianin inhibits oral cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion via the Nrf2/HO-1/ GPX4 pathway. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.357743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Promises. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010430. [PMID: 35008857 PMCID: PMC8745604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned biological effects. Overexpression of YAP/TAZ has been reported in cancer stem cells and tumor resistance. The resistance involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ pathways’ role in carcinogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Potential therapeutic alternatives are also discussed.
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Lee JW, Lee HY. Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Markers or Pathways: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Oral Cancer Treatment. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:386-399. [PMID: 34711702 PMCID: PMC8611309 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, self-renewal potential, and differentiation capacity into multiple cell types. Critical genetic alterations or aberrantly activated signaling pathways associated with drug resistance and recurrence have been observed in multiple types of CSCs. In this context, CSCs are considered to be responsible for tumor initiation, growth, progression, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. Therefore, to effectively eradicate CSCs, tremendous efforts have been devoted to identify specific target molecules that play a critical role in regulating their distinct functions and to develop novel therapeutics, such as proteins, monoclonal antibodies, selective small molecule inhibitors, and small antisense RNA (asRNA) drugs. Similar to other CSC types, oral CSCs can be characterized by certain pluripotency-associated markers, and oral CSCs can also survive and form 3D tumor spheres in suspension culture conditions. These oral CSC-targeting therapeutics selectively suppress specific surface markers or key signaling components and subsequently inhibit the stem-like properties of oral CSCs. A large number of new therapeutic candidates have been tested, and some products are currently in the pre-clinical or clinical development phase. In the present study, we review new oral CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies and discuss the various specific CSC surface markers and key signaling components involved in the stem-like properties, growth, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity of oral CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea.,Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Xue C, Li G, Lu J, Li L. Crosstalk between circRNAs and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cancer progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:400. [PMID: 34815385 PMCID: PMC8611092 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed noncoding RNAs, are widely expressed in eukaryotes and viruses. They can function by regulating target gene expression, linear RNA transcription and protein generation. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays key roles in many biological and cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. It also plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Emerging data suggest that the circRNA/PI3K/AKT axis modulates the expression of cancer-associated genes and thus regulates tumor progression. Aberrant regulation of the expression of circRNAs in the circRNA/PI3K/AKT axis is significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics and plays an important role in the regulation of biological functions. In this review, we summarized the expression and biological functions of PI3K-AKT-related circRNAs in vitro and in vivo and assessed their associations with clinicopathological characteristics. We also further discussed the important role of circRNAs in the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Ganglei Li
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Juan Lu
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Prevalence of HPV in Mexican Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma and Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225602. [PMID: 34830760 PMCID: PMC8616077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that show diverse clinical and biological characteristics associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. The biological features of HNSCC may change according to geography and population characteristics. Studies on the molecular biology of HNSCC in Mexico are scarce. In the present study, we analyzed 414 Mexican patients with HNSCC and determined the presence and genotype of HPV, p16 expression, and global gene expression profiles. Twenty-two percent of total cases were HPV+, and 32% were p16+. We identified genes associated with survival, such as SLIRP, KLF10, AREG, ACT1, and LIMA. In addition, CSF1R, MYC, and SRC genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets. This study offers information that may be relevant for our understanding of the biology of HNSCC and the development of therapeutic strategies. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) show a variety of biological and clinical characteristics that could depend on the association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. Reports on HNSCC are scarce in Mexico. Herein, we analyzed 414 Mexican patients with HNSCC, including oropharynx (OPSCC), larynx (LASCC), and oral cavity (OCSCC), and identified HPV DNA and p16 expression. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in 25 HPV+/p16+ vs. HPV−/p16− cases. We found 32.3% p16+ and 22.3% HPV+ samples, HPV 16, 18, 39, 52, and 31 being the most frequent genotypes. For OPSCC, LASCC and OCSCC, 39.2, 14.7, and 9.6% were HPV+/p16+, respectively. High expression of SLIRP, KLF10, AREG, and LIMA was associated with poor survival; in contrast, high expression of MYB and SYCP2 correlated with better survival. In HPV+ cases, high expression of SLC25A39 and GJB2 was associated with poor survival. Likewise, EGFR, IL-1, IL-6, JAK-STAT, WNT, NOTCH, and ESR1 signaling pathways were downregulated in HPV+ cases. CSF1R, MYC, and SRC genes were identified as key hubs and therapeutic targets. Our study offers information regarding the molecular and clinical characteristics of HNSCC in Mexican patients.
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