1
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Horwath JP, Lin XM, He H, Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Chu M, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Chen W, Narayanan S, Cherukara MJ. AI-NERD: Elucidation of relaxation dynamics beyond equilibrium through AI-informed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5945. [PMID: 39009571 PMCID: PMC11251071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and interpreting dynamics of functional materials in situ is a grand challenge in physics and materials science due to the difficulty of experimentally probing materials at varied length and time scales. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is uniquely well-suited for characterizing materials dynamics over wide-ranging time scales. However, spatial and temporal heterogeneity in material behavior can make interpretation of experimental XPCS data difficult. In this work, we have developed an unsupervised deep learning (DL) framework for automated classification of relaxation dynamics from experimental data without requiring any prior physical knowledge of the system. We demonstrate how this method can be used to accelerate exploration of large datasets to identify samples of interest, and we apply this approach to directly correlate microscopic dynamics with macroscopic properties of a model system. Importantly, this DL framework is material and process agnostic, marking a concrete step towards autonomous materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Horwath
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Hongrui He
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Miaoqi Chu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
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2
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Schulz F, Jain A, Dallari F, Markmann V, Lehmkühler F. In situ aggregation and early states of gelation of gold nanoparticle dispersions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3836-3844. [PMID: 38651356 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation and onset of gelation of PEGylated gold nanoparticles dispersed in a glycerol-water mixture is studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Tracking structural dynamics with sub-ms time resolution over a total experimental time of 8 hours corresponding to a time windows larger than 108 Brownian times and varying the temperature between 298 K and 266 K we can identify three regimes. First, while cooling to 275 K the particles show Brownian motion that slows down due to the increasing viscosity. Second, upon further cooling the static structure changes significantly, indicated by a broad structure factor peak. We attribute this to the formation of aggregates while the dynamics are still dominated by single-particle diffusion. Finally, the relaxation functions become more and more stretched accompanied by an increased slow down of the dynamics. At the same time the structure changes continuously indicating the onset of gelation. Our observations further suggest that the colloidal aggregation and gelation is characterized first by structural changes with a subsequent slowing down of the systems dynamics. The analysis also reveals that the details of the gelation process and the gel structure strongly depend on the thickness of the PEG-coating of the gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Li H, Ladd-Parada M, Karina A, Dallari F, Reiser M, Perakis F, Striker NN, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Steffen W, Lehmkühler F, Amann-Winkel K. Intrinsic Dynamics of Amorphous Ice Revealed by a Heterodyne Signal in X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Experiments. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10999-11007. [PMID: 38039400 PMCID: PMC10726389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanism of water's glass transition and the interconnection between amorphous ices and liquid water plays an important role in our overall understanding of water. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments were conducted to study the dynamics and the complex interplay between the hypothesized glass transition in high-density amorphous ice (HDA) and the subsequent transition to low-density amorphous ice (LDA). Our XPCS experiments demonstrate that a heterodyne signal appears in the correlation function. Such a signal is known to originate from the interplay of a static component and a dynamic component. Quantitative analysis was performed on this heterodyne signal to extract the intrinsic dynamics of amorphous ice during the HDA-LDA transition. An angular dependence indicates non-isotropic, heterogeneous dynamics in the sample. Using the Stokes-Einstein relation to extract diffusion coefficients, the data are consistent with the scenario of static LDA islands floating within a diffusive matrix of high-density liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 11421 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele N. Striker
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European
X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Werner Steffen
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Bin M, Reiser M, Filianina M, Berkowicz S, Das S, Timmermann S, Roseker W, Bauer R, Öström J, Karina A, Amann-Winkel K, Ladd-Parada M, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Möller J, Lehmkühler F, Gutt C, Perakis F. Coherent X-ray Scattering Reveals Nanoscale Fluctuations in Hydrated Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37209106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated proteins undergo a transition in the deeply supercooled regime, which is attributed to rapid changes in hydration water and protein structural dynamics. Here, we investigate the nanoscale stress-relaxation in hydrated lysozyme proteins stimulated and probed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). This approach allows us to access the nanoscale dynamics in the deeply supercooled regime (T = 180 K), which is typically not accessible through equilibrium methods. The observed stimulated dynamic response is attributed to collective stress-relaxation as the system transitions from a jammed granular state to an elastically driven regime. The relaxation time constants exhibit Arrhenius temperature dependence upon cooling with a minimum in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts exponent at T = 227 K. The observed minimum is attributed to an increase in dynamical heterogeneity, which coincides with enhanced fluctuations observed in the two-time correlation functions and a maximum in the dynamic susceptibility quantified by the normalized variance χT. The amplification of fluctuations is consistent with previous studies of hydrated proteins, which indicate the key role of density and enthalpy fluctuations in hydration water. Our study provides new insights into X-ray stimulated stress-relaxation and the underlying mechanisms behind spatiotemporal fluctuations in biological granular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Bin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariia Filianina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Berkowicz
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Timmermann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Freiberg Water Research Center, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jonatan Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Striker NN, Lokteva I, Dartsch M, Dallari F, Goy C, Westermeier F, Markmann V, Hövelmann SC, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Dynamics and Time Scales of Higher-Order Correlations in Supercooled Colloidal Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4719-4725. [PMID: 37171882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics and time scales of higher-order correlations are studied in supercooled colloidal systems. A combination of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and X-ray cross-correlation analysis (XCCA) shows the typical slowing of the dynamics of a hard sphere system when approaching the glass transition. The time scales of higher-order correlations are probed using a novel time correlation function gC, tracking the time evolution of cross-correlation function C. With an increasing volume fraction, the ratio of relaxation times of gC to the standard individual particle relaxation time obtained by XPCS increases from ∼0.4 to ∼0.9. While a value of ∼0.5 is expected for free diffusion, the increasing values suggest that the local orders within the sample are becoming more long-lived for larger volume fractions. Furthermore, the dynamics of local order is more heterogeneous than the individual particle dynamics. These results indicate that not only the presence but also the lifetime of locally favored structures increases close to the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele N Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dartsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja C Hövelmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Liu W, Zhu Y, Li Y, Han J, Ngai T. Unveiling the structural relaxation of microgel suspensions at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:948-958. [PMID: 36509038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles show considerable hydrophilicity below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) while they become hydrophobic above LCST. We hypothesize that interfacial wettability could tune particle-surface interaction and subsequent structural relaxation of microgel suspensions at interfaces during the volume phase transition. EXPERIMENTS The evanescent-wave scattering images of microgels at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces are analyzed by a density-fluctuation autocorrelation function (δACF) over a wide range of particle volume fraction ϕ. The structural relaxation is characterized by the decay behavior of δACF. The scattering images in bulk are also processed as a comparison. FINDINGS A two-step relaxation decay is observed at both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces. Relative to fast decay, the rate of structural relaxation in slow decay is reduced by a factor of ∼ 500 and ∼ 50 at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces, respectively. The relaxation times obey divergent power-law dependences on intermediate regime of observing length scales at the two interfaces. Besides, the distribution of fluctuation for relaxation time at different local regions reveals that the structural relaxation is much more homogenous at hydrophilic interfaces than that at hydrophobic interfaces, especially at high ϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - To Ngai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Stochastic atomic acceleration during the X-ray-induced fluidization of a silica glass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213182120. [PMID: 36608290 PMCID: PMC9926170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213182120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The X-ray-induced, nonthermal fluidization of the prototypical SiO2 glass is investigated by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in the small-angle scattering range. This process is initiated by the absorption of X-rays and leads to overall atomic displacements which reach at least few nanometers at temperatures well below the glass transition. At absorbed doses of ∼5 GGy typical of many modern X-ray-based experiments, the atomic displacements display a hyperdiffusive behavior and are distributed according to a heavy-tailed, Lévy stable distribution. This is attributed to the stochastic generation of X-ray-induced point defects which give rise to a dynamically fluctuating potential landscape, thus providing a microscopic picture of the fluidization process.
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8
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Ladd-Parada M, Li H, Karina A, Kim KH, Perakis F, Reiser M, Dallari F, Striker N, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Nilsson A, Lehmkühler F, Amann-Winkel K. Using coherent X-rays to follow dynamics in amorphous ices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:1314-1323. [PMID: 36561555 PMCID: PMC9648632 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid water plays an important role in our overall understanding of water's phase diagram. X-ray scattering is an important tool for characterising the different states of water, and modern storage ring and XFEL facilities have opened up new pathways to simultaneously study structure and dynamics. Here, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) was used to study the dynamics of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice upon heating. We follow the structural transition from HDA to low-density amorphous (LDA) ice, by using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), for different heating rates. We used a new type of sample preparation, which allowed us to study μm-sized ice layers rather than powdered bulk samples. The study focuses on the non-equilibrium dynamics during fast heating, spontaneous transformation and crystallization. Performing the XPCS study at ultra-small angle (USAXS) geometry allows us to characterize the transition dynamics at length scales ranging from 60 nm-800 nm. For the HDA-LDA transition we observe a clear separation in three dynamical regimes, which show different dynamical crossovers at different length scales. The crystallization from LDA, instead, is observed to appear homogenously throughout the studied length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryPOSTECHPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Nele Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | | | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University MainzStaudingerweg 755128 MainzGermany
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9
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Switalski K, Fan J, Li L, Chu M, Sarnello E, Jemian P, Li T, Wang Q, Zhang Q. Direct measurement of Stokes-Einstein diffusion of Cowpea mosaic virus with 19 µs-resolved XPCS. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1429-1435. [PMID: 36345751 PMCID: PMC9641563 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brownian motion of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in water was measured using small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (SA-XPCS) at 19.2 µs time resolution. It was found that the decorrelation time τ(Q) = 1/DQ2 up to Q = 0.091 nm-1. The hydrodynamic radius RH determined from XPCS using Stokes-Einstein diffusion D = kT/(6πηRH) is 43% larger than the geometric radius R0 determined from SAXS in the 0.007 M K3PO4 buffer solution, whereas it is 80% larger for CPMV in 0.5 M NaCl and 104% larger in 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4, a possible effect of aggregation as well as slight variation of the structures of the capsid resulting from the salt-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Switalski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Miaoqi Chu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Erik Sarnello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Pete Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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10
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Pal A, Kamal MA, Schurtenberger P. Structure and anisotropic dynamics of stimuli responsive colloidal ellipsoids at the nearest neighbor length scale. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:352-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Arrested soft materials such as gels and glasses exhibit a slow stress relaxation with a broad distribution of relaxation times in response to linear mechanical perturbations. Although this macroscopic stress relaxation is an essential feature in the application of arrested systems as structural materials, consumer products, foods, and biological materials, the microscopic origins of this relaxation remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the microscopic dynamics underlying the stress relaxation of such arrested soft materials under both quiescent and mechanically perturbed conditions through X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. By studying the dynamics of a model associative gel system that undergoes dynamical arrest in the absence of aging effects, we show that the mean stress relaxation time measured from linear rheometry is directly correlated to the quiescent superdiffusive dynamics of the microscopic clusters, which are governed by a buildup of internal stresses during arrest. We also show that perturbing the system via small mechanical deformations can result in large intermittent fluctuations in the form of avalanches, which give rise to a broad non-Gaussian spectrum of relaxation modes at short times that is observed in stress relaxation measurements. These findings suggest that the linear viscoelastic stress relaxation in arrested soft materials may be governed by nonlinear phenomena involving an interplay of internal stress relaxations and perturbation-induced intermittent avalanches.
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12
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Chu M, Li J, Zhang Q, Jiang Z, Dufresne EM, Sandy A, Narayanan S, Schwarz N. pyXPCSviewer: an open-source interactive tool for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy visualization and analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1122-1129. [PMID: 35787580 PMCID: PMC9255579 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
pyXPCSviewer, a Python-based graphical user interface that is deployed at beamline 8-ID-I of the Advanced Photon Source for interactive visualization of XPCS results, is introduced. pyXPCSviewer parses rich X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) results into independent PyQt widgets that are both interactive and easy to maintain. pyXPCSviewer is open-source and is open to customization by the XPCS community for ingestion of diversified data structures and inclusion of novel XPCS techniques, both of which are growing demands particularly with the dawn of near-diffraction-limited synchrotron sources and their dedicated XPCS beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqi Chu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M. Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Pastore R, Giavazzi F, Greco F, Cerbino R. Multiscale heterogeneous dynamics in two-dimensional glassy colloids. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164906. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On approaching the glass transition, a dense colloid exhibits a dramatic slowdown with minute structural changes. Most microscopy experiments directly follow the motion of individual particles in real space, whereas scattering experiments typically probe the collective dynamics in reciprocal space, at variable wavevector q. Multiscale studies of glassy dynamics are experimentally demanding and thus seldom performed. By using two-dimensional hard-sphere colloids at various area fractions φ, we show here that Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) can be effectively used to measure the collective dynamics of a glassy colloid in a range of q within a single experiment. As φ is increased, the single decay of the intermediate scattering functions is progressively replaced by a more complex relaxation that we fit to a sum of two stretched-exponential decays. The slowest process, corresponding to the long-time particle escapes from caging, has a characteristic time τs = 1/(DLq2 ) with diffusion coefficient DL ∼ (φc −φ)2.8 , and φc ≈ 0.81. The fast process exhibits, instead, a non-Brownian scaling of the characteristic time τf(q) and a relative amplitude a(q) that monotonically increases with q. Despite the non-Brownian nature of τf(q), we succeed in estimating the short-time diffusion coefficient Dcage, whose φ-dependence is practically negligible compared to the one of DL. Finally, we extend DDM to measure the q-dependent dynamical susceptibility χ4(q,t), a powerful yet hard-to-access multiscale indicator of dynamical heterogeneities. Our results show that DDM is a convenient tool to study the dynamics of colloidal glasses over a broad range of time and length-scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pastore
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Cerbino
- Physics, Universität Wien Computergestützte Physik und Physik der Weichen Materie, Austria
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14
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Cheng CH, Kamitani K, Masuda S, Uno K, Dechnarong N, Hoshino T, Kojio K, Takahara A. Dynamics of matrix-free nanocomposites consisting of block copolymer-grafted silica nanoparticles under elongation evaluated through X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Sun Y, Carini G, Chollet M, Decker FJ, Dunne M, Fuoss P, Hruszkewycz SO, Lane TJ, Nakahara K, Nelson S, Robert A, Sato T, Song S, Stephenson GB, Sutton M, Van Driel TB, Weninger C, Zhu D. Nonuniform Flow Dynamics Probed by Nanosecond X-Ray Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:058001. [PMID: 34397240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.058001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of nanosecond nonuniform colloidal dynamics in a free flowing liquid jet using ultrafast x-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy. Utilizing a nanosecond double-bunch mode, the Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser produced pairs of femtosecond coherent hard x-ray pulses. By exploring anisotropy in the visibility of summed speckle patterns which relates to the correlation functions, we evaluate not only the average particle flow rate in a colloidal nanoparticle jet, but also the nonuniform flow field within. The methodology presented here establishes the foundation for the study of nano- and atomic-scale inhomogeneous fluctuations in complex matter using x-ray free electron laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mike Dunne
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Paul Fuoss
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stephan O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas J Lane
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kazutaka Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Brian Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Mark Sutton
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montrèal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Tim B Van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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16
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From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.
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17
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Gnan N, Camerin F, Del Monte G, Ninarello A, Zaccarelli E. Dynamical properties of different models of elastic polymer rings: Confirming the link between deformation and fragility. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154901. [PMID: 33887924 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report extensive numerical simulations of different models of 2D polymer rings with internal elasticity. We monitor the dynamical behavior of the rings as a function of the packing fraction to address the effects of particle deformation on the collective response of the system. In particular, we compare three different models: (i) a recently investigated model [N. Gnan and E. Zaccarelli, Nat. Phys. 15, 683 (2019)] where an inner Hertzian field providing the internal elasticity acts on the monomers of the ring, (ii) the same model where the effect of such a field on the center of mass is balanced by opposite forces, and (iii) a semi-flexible model where an angular potential between adjacent monomers induces strong particle deformations. By analyzing the dynamics of the three models, we find that in all cases, there exists a direct link between the system fragility and particle asphericity. Among the three, only the first model displays anomalous dynamics in the form of a super-diffusive behavior of the mean-squared displacement and of a compressed exponential relaxation of the density auto-correlation function. We show that this is due to the combination of internal elasticity and the out-of-equilibrium force self-generated by each ring, both of which are necessary ingredients to induce such a peculiar behavior often observed in experiments of colloidal gels. These findings reinforce the role of particle deformation, connected to internal elasticity, in driving the dynamical response of dense soft particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gnan
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Del Monte
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ninarello
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
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18
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Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Nakaye Y, Jemian PR, Sakumura T, Sakuma Y, Ferrara JD, Maj P, Hassan A, Bahadur D, Ramakrishnan S, Khan F, Veseli S, Sandy AR, Schwarz N, Narayanan S. 20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:259-265. [PMID: 33399576 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼109 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yasukazu Nakaye
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pete R Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Takuto Sakumura
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakuma
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph D Ferrara
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Asra Hassan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Divya Bahadur
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Faisal Khan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sinisa Veseli
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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