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Wang N, Zang ZH, Sun BB, Li B, Tian JL. Recent advances in computational prediction of molecular properties in food chemistry. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114776. [PMID: 39147479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The combination of food chemistry and computational simulation has brought many impacts to food research, moving from experimental chemistry to computer chemistry. This paper will systematically review in detail the important role played by computational simulations in the development of the molecular structure of food, mainly from the atomic, molecular, and multicomponent dimension. It will also discuss how different computational chemistry models can be constructed and analyzed to obtain reliable conclusions. From the calculation principle to case analysis, this paper focuses on the selection and application of quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics in food chemistry research. Finally, experiments and computations of food chemistry are compared and summarized to obtain the best balance between them. The above review and outlook will provide an important reference for the intersection of food chemistry and computational chemistry, and is expected to provide innovative thinking for structural research in food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small berry, Key Laborotary of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhi-Huan Zang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small berry, Key Laborotary of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bing-Bing Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small berry, Key Laborotary of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small berry, Key Laborotary of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jin-Long Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small berry, Key Laborotary of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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2
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Gadalla HH, Yuan Z, Chen Z, Alsuwayyid F, Das S, Mitra H, Ardekani AM, Wagner R, Yeo Y. Effects of nanoparticle deformability on multiscale biotransport. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024:115445. [PMID: 39222795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Deformability is one of the critical attributes of nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers, along with size, shape, and surface properties. It affects various aspects of NP biotransport, ranging from circulation and biodistribution to interactions with biological barriers and target cells. Recent studies report additional roles of NP deformability in biotransport processes, including protein corona formation, intracellular trafficking, and organelle distribution. This review focuses on the literature published in the past five years to update our understanding of NP deformability and its effect on NP biotransport. We introduce different methods of modulating and evaluating NP deformability and showcase recent studies that compare a series of NPs in their performance in biotransport events at all levels, highlighting the consensus and disagreement of the findings. It concludes with a perspective on the intricacy of systematic investigation of NP deformability and future opportunities to advance its control toward optimal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hytham H Gadalla
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Zhongyue Yuan
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ziang Chen
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Faisal Alsuwayyid
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subham Das
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harsa Mitra
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ryan Wagner
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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3
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Xue B, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yin P. The coupling of rotational and translational dynamics for rapid diffusion of nanorods in macromolecular networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6502. [PMID: 39090113 PMCID: PMC11294364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The rod-like viruses show anomalously rapid diffusion in bio-tissue networks originated from the rotation-facilitated transportation; however, the experimental investigation of the correlation of the rotational and translational dynamics is still in blank. Herein, typical rod-like and spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs) are dispersed in the classical Tetra-PEG gels, respectively, as model systems for light scattering studies. The contributions from translational and rotational diffusive dynamics, and network fluctuation dynamics can be well-resolved and the stretch exponent of rotational dynamics at 0.25 is proven to be the fingerprint for the coupled rotational and translational dynamics of nanorods. The rotation facilitated re-orientation finally leads to the fast transportation of nanorods. The discoveries are confirmed to be valid for rod-like biomacromolecule systems by studying the diffusive dynamics of Tobacco mosaic virus in gels. The work can be inspiring for the development of protocols to prevent infection of microorganism and regulate the transportation of nano-medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Jiang X, Xu S, Miao Y, Huang K, Wang B, Ding B, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Shi X, Yu M, Tian F, Gan Y. Curvature-mediated rapid extravasation and penetration of nanoparticles against interstitial fluid pressure for improved drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319880121. [PMID: 38768353 PMCID: PMC11145294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319880121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) within pathological tissues (e.g., tumors, obstructed kidneys, and cirrhotic livers) creates a significant hindrance to the transport of nanomedicine, ultimately impairing the therapeutic efficiency. Among these tissues, solid tumors present the most challenging scenario. While several strategies through reducing tumor IFP have been devised to enhance nanoparticle delivery, few approaches focus on modulating the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles to effectively counteract IFP during extravasation and penetration, which are precisely the stages obstructed by elevated IFP. Herein, we propose an innovative solution by engineering nanoparticles with a fusiform shape of high curvature, enabling efficient surmounting of IFP barriers during extravasation and penetration within tumor tissues. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, we demonstrate that the elongated nanoparticles with the highest mean curvature outperform spherical and rod-shaped counterparts against elevated IFP, leading to superior intratumoral accumulation and antitumor efficacy. Super-resolution microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations uncover the underlying mechanisms in which the high curvature contributes to diminished drag force in surmounting high-pressure differentials during extravasation. Simultaneously, the facilitated rotational movement augments the hopping frequency during penetration. This study effectively addresses the limitations posed by high-pressure impediments, uncovers the mutual interactions between the physical properties of NPs and their environment, and presents a promising avenue for advancing cancer treatment through nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Sai Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Yunqiu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Kang Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bingwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Falin Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing100050, China
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Liu B, Radiom M, Zhou J, Yan H, Zhang J, Wu D, Sun Q, Xuan Q, Li Y, Mezzenga R. Cation Triggered Self-Assembly of α-Lactalbumin Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38598498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions play a dual role in biological systems. Although they actively participate in vital life processes, they may contribute to protein aggregation and misfolding and thus contribute to development of diseases and other pathologies. In nanofabrication, metal ions mediate the formation of nanostructures with diverse properties. Here, we investigated the self-assembly of α-lactalbumin into nanotubes induced by coordination with metal ions, screened among the series Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Au3+. Our results revealed that the affinity of metal ions toward hydrolyzed α-lactalbumin peptides not only impacts the kinetics of nanotube formation but also influences their length and rigidity. These findings expand our understanding of supramolecular assembly processes in protein-based materials and pave the way for designing novel materials such as metallogels in biochip and biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Milad Radiom
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Huiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qiyao Sun
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qize Xuan
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Liu B, Li X, Zhang JP, Li X, Yuan Y, Hou GH, Zhang HJ, Zhang H, Li Y, Mezzenga R. Protein Nanotubes as Advanced Material Platforms and Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307627. [PMID: 37921269 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanotubes (PNTs) as state-of-the-art nanocarriers are promising for various potential applications both in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Derived from edible starting sources like α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, and ovalbumin, PNTs bear properties of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Their large specific surface area and hydrophobic core facilitate chemical modification and loading of bioactive substances, respectively. Moreover, their enhanced permeability and penetration ability across biological barriers such as intestinal mucus, extracellular matrix, and thrombus clot, make it promising platforms for health-related applications. Most importantly, their simple preparation processes enable large-scale production, supporting applications in the biomedical and nanotechnological fields. Understanding the self-assembly principles is crucial for controlling their morphology, size, and shape, and thus provides the ground to a multitude of applications. Here, the current state-of-the-art of PNTs including their building materials, physicochemical properties, and self-assembly mechanisms are comprehensively reviewed. The advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and prospects for their successful applications in biomaterial and pharmaceutical sectors are then discussed and highlighted. Potential cytotoxicity of PNTs and the need of regulations as critical factors for enabling in vivo applications are also highlighted. In the end, a brief summary and future prospects for PNTs as advanced platforms and delivery systems are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ji Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Guo Hua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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Yan H, Wen P, Tian S, Zhang H, Han B, Khan J, Xue Y, Chen X, Li X, Li Y. Enhancing biofilm penetration and antibiofilm efficacy with protein nanocarriers against pathogenic biofilms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128300. [PMID: 37992925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers play an important role in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics against biofilms by improving their penetration and prolonging retention in pathogenic biofilms. Herein, the multifunctional nanocarriers including nanospheres (NS) and nanotubes (NT) with a high biocompatibility and biodegradability were prepared through self-assembly of partially hydrolyzed α-lactalbumin. The effects of these two different shaped nanocarriers on the delivery of antibiotics for biofilm treatment were examined by conducting in vitro antibiofilm experiment and in vivo infected wound model. The strong affinity of NS and NT for the bacterial surface allows antibiotics to be concentrated in the bacteria. Notably, the high permeability of NT into biofilms facilitates deeper penetration and the easier diffusion of loaded antibiotics within the biofilm. Furthermore, the acidic biofilm environment triggers the release of antibiotics from the NT, resulting in the accumulation of high local antibiotic concentrations. Therefore, NT could efficiently clean and inhibit the biofilm formation while also destroying the mature biofilms. In a S. aureus infected wound animal model, treatment with antibiotic-loaded NT demonstrated accelerated healing of S. aureus infected wounds when compared to free antibiotic treatment. These findings indicate that NT nanocarrier strategy is promising for treating bacterial biofilm infections, offering the potential for lower antibiotics dosages and preventing the overuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Yan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Simin Tian
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Beizhong Han
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jabir Khan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yansong Xue
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xing Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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8
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Moya-Garcia CR, Li-Jessen NYK, Tabrizian M. Chitosomes Loaded with Docetaxel as a Promising Drug Delivery System to Laryngeal Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Cytotoxic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9902. [PMID: 37373051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current delivery of chemotherapy, either intra-venous or intra-arterial, remains suboptimal for patients with head and neck tumors. The free form of chemotherapy drugs, such as docetaxel, has non-specific tissue targeting and poor solubility in blood that deters treatment efficacy. Upon reaching the tumors, these drugs can also be easily washed away by the interstitial fluids. Liposomes have been used as nanocarriers to enhance docetaxel bioavailability. However, they are affected by potential interstitial dislodging due to insufficient intratumoral permeability and retention capabilities. Here, we developed and characterized docetaxel-loaded anionic nanoliposomes coated with a layer of mucoadhesive chitosan (chitosomes) for the application of chemotherapy drug delivery. The anionic liposomes were 99.4 ± 1.5 nm in diameter with a zeta potential of -26 ± 2.0 mV. The chitosan coating increased the liposome size to 120 ± 2.2 nm and the surface charge to 24.8 ± 2.6 mV. Chitosome formation was confirmed via FTIR spectroscopy and mucoadhesive analysis with anionic mucin dispersions. Blank liposomes and chitosomes showed no cytotoxic effect on human laryngeal stromal and cancer cells. Chitosomes were also internalized into the cytoplasm of human laryngeal cancer cells, indicating effective nanocarrier delivery. A higher cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) of docetaxel-loaded chitosomes towards human laryngeal cancer cells was observed compared to human stromal cells and control treatments. No hemolytic effect was observed on human red blood cells after a 3 h exposure, proving the proposed intra-arterial administration. Our in vitro results supported the potential of docetaxel-loaded chitosomes for locoregional chemotherapy delivery to laryngeal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Moya-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nicole Y K Li-Jessen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, 2001 Av. McGill College #8, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 2001 Av. McGill College, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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9
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Lin X, Cai L, Cao X, Zhao Y. Stimuli-responsive silk fibroin for on-demand drug delivery. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220019. [PMID: 39188280 PMCID: PMC11235688 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogel biomaterials have attracted great attention in the biomedical field, especially in designing novel on-demand drug delivery systems. As a handful natural biomaterial approved by US Food and Drug Administration, silk fibroin (SF) has unique high temperature resistance as well as tunable structural composition. These properties make it one of the most ideal candidates for on-demand drug delivery. Meanwhile, recent advances in polymer modification and nanomaterials have fostered the development of various stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Here, we first review the recent advance in designing responsive SF-based delivery systems in different stimulus sources. These systems are able to release mediators in a desired manner in response to specific stimuli in active or passive manners. We then describe applications of these specially designed responsive delivery systems in wound healing, tumor therapy, as well as immunomodulation. We also discuss the future challenges and prospects of stimuli-responsive SF-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lijun Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouChina
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10
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Moreno-Chaparro D, Moreno N, Usabiaga FB, Ellero M. Computational modeling of passive transport of functionalized nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104108. [PMID: 36922140 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) are complex objects present in a variety of systems ranging from synthetic grafted nanoparticles to viruses. The morphology and number of the decorating groups can vary widely between systems. Thus, the modeling of functionalized NPs typically considers simplified spherical objects as a first-order approximation. At the nanoscale label, complex hydrodynamic interactions are expected to emerge as the morphological features of the particles change, and they can be further amplified when the NPs are confined or near walls. Direct estimation of these variations can be inferred via diffusion coefficients of the NPs. However, the evaluation of the coefficients requires an improved representation of the NPs morphology to reproduce important features hidden by simplified spherical models. Here, we characterize the passive transport of free and confined functionalized nanoparticles using the Rigid Multi-Blob (RMB) method. The main advantage of RMB is its versatility to approximate the mobility of complex structures at the nanoscale with significant accuracy and reduced computational cost. In particular, we investigate the effect of functional groups' distribution, size, and morphology over nanoparticle translational and rotational diffusion. We identify that the presence of functional groups significantly affects the rotational diffusion of the nanoparticles; moreover, the morphology of the groups and number induce characteristic mobility reduction compared to non-functionalized nanoparticles. Confined NPs also evidenced important alterations in their diffusivity, with distinctive signatures in the off-diagonal contributions of the rotational diffusion. These results can be exploited in various applications, including biomedical, polymer nanocomposite fabrication, drug delivery, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Moreno
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, BCAM, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48400, Spain
| | | | - Marco Ellero
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, BCAM, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48400, Spain
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11
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Li X, Jafari SM, Zhou F, Hong H, Jia X, Mei X, Hou G, Yuan Y, Liu B, Chen S, Gong Y, Yan H, Chang R, Zhang J, Ren F, Li Y. The intracellular fate and transport mechanism of shape, size and rigidity varied nanocarriers for understanding their oral delivery efficiency. Biomaterials 2023; 294:121995. [PMID: 36641813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have become an effective strategy to overcome epithelial absorption barriers. During the absorption process, the endocytosis mechanisms, cell internalization pathways, and transport efficiency of nanocarriers are greatly impacted by their physical properties. To understand the relationship between physical properties of nanocarriers and their abilities overcoming multiple absorption barriers, nanocarriers with variable physical properties were prepared via self-assembly of hydrolyzed α-lactalbumin peptide fragments. The impacts of size, shape, and rigidity of nanocarriers on epithelial cells endocytosis mechanisms, internalization pathways, transport efficiency, and bioavailability were studied systematically. The results showed that nanospheres were mainly internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which was then locked in lysosomes and degraded enzymatically in cytoplasm. While macropinocytosis was the primary pathway of nanotubes and transported to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, resulting in a high drug concentration and sustained release in cytoplasm. Besides, nanotubes can overcome the multi-drug resistance by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein efflux. Furthermore, nanotubes can open intercellular tight-junctions instantaneously and reversibly, which promotes transport into blood circulation. The aqueous solubility of hydrophobic bioactive mangiferin (Mgf) was improved by nanocarriers. Most importantly, the bioavailability of Mgf was the highest for cross-linked short nanotube (CSNT) which outperformed free Mgf and other formulations by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Finally, Mgf-loaded CSNT showed an excellent therapeutic efficiency in vivo for the intervention of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These results indicate that cross-linked α-lactalbumin nanotubes could be an effective nanocarrier delivery system for improving the epithelium cellular absorption and bioavailability of hydrophobic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Feibai Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Mei
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shanan Chen
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifu Gong
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruxin Chang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Probing the Interaction Between Supercarrier RBC Membrane and Nanoparticles for Optimal Drug Delivery. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167539. [PMID: 35292348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) membrane-hitchhiking nanoparticles (NPs) have been an increasingly popular supercarrier for targeted drug delivery. However, the kinetic details of the shear-induced NP detachment process from RBC in blood flow remain unclear. Here, we perform detailed computational simulations of the traversal dynamics of an RBC-NP composite supercarrier with tunable properties. We show that the detachment of NPs from RBC occurs in a shear-dependent manner which is consistent with previous experiment results. We quantify the NP detachment rate in the microcapillary flow, and our simulation results suggest that there may be an optimal adhesion strength span of 25-40 μJ/m2 for rigid spherical NPs to improve the supercarrier performance and targeting efficiency. In addition, we find that the stiffness and the shape of NPs alter the detachment efficiency by changing the RBC-NP contact areas. Together, these findings provide unique insights into the shear-dependent NP release from the RBC surface, facilitating the clinical utility of RBC-NP composite supercarriers in targeted and localized drug delivery with high precision and efficiency.
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13
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Liu B, Victorelli F, Yuan Y, Shen Y, Hong H, Hou G, Liang S, Li Z, Li X, Yin X, Ren F, Li Y. Platelet Membrane Cloaked Nanotubes to Accelerate Thrombolysis by Thrombus Clot-Targeting and Penetration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205260. [PMID: 36424174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic diseases have a high rate of mortality and disability, and pose a serious threat to global public health. Currently, most thrombolytic drugs especially protein drugs have a short blood-circulation time, resulting in low thrombolytic efficiency. Therefore, a platelet membrane (Pm) cloaked nanotube (NT-RGD/Pm) biomimetic delivery system with enhanced thrombolytic efficiency is designed. Nanotubes (NT) with an excellent clot-penetration properties are used to load a protein thrombolytic drug urokinase (Uk). Platelet-targeting arginine glycine-aspartic peptide (RGD) is grafted onto the surface of the nanotubes (NT-RGD) prior to cloaking. Multiple particle tracking (MPT) technique and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analysis are applied and the results show that the nanotubes possess a strong penetration and diffusion capacity in thrombus clots. After the Pm cloaking on NT-RGD/Uk, it shows a thrombus microenvironmental responsive release property and the half-life of Uk is six times longer than that of free Uk. Most importantly, NT-RGD-Uk/Pm exhibits a 60% thrombolytic efficiency in the FeCl3 -induced thrombosis mouse model, and it is able to significantly reduce the bleeding side effects of Uk. This Pm-cloaked nanotube system is an effective and promising platform for the controlled and targeted delivery of drugs for the thrombus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Francesca Victorelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Yuan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hui Hong
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xindi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
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14
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Ou L, Chen H, Yuan B, Yang K. Membrane-Specific Binding of 4 nm Lipid Nanoparticles Mediated by an Entropy-Driven Interaction Mechanism. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18090-18100. [PMID: 36278503 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a leading biomimetic drug delivery platform due to their distinctive advantages and highly tunable formulations. A mechanistic understanding of the interaction between LNPs and cell membranes is essential for developing the cell-targeted carriers for precision medicine. Here the interactions between sub 10 nm cationic LNPs (cLNPs; e.g., 4 nm in size) and varying model cell membranes are systematically investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the membrane-binding behavior of cLNPs is governed by a two-step mechanism that is initiated by direct contact followed by a more crucial lipid exchange (dissociation of cLNP's coating lipids and subsequent flip and intercalation into the membrane). Importantly, our simulations demonstrate that the membrane binding of cLNPs is an entropy-driven process, which thus enables cLNPs to differentiate between membranes having different lipid compositions (e.g., the outer and inner membranes of bacteria vs the red blood cell membranes). Accordingly, the possible strategies to drive the membrane-targeting behaviors of cLNPs, which mainly depend on the entropy change in the complicated entropy-enthalpy competition of the cLNP-membrane interaction process, are investigated. Our work unveils the molecular mechanism underlying the membrane selectivity of cLNPs and provides useful hints to develop cLNPs as membrane-targeting agents for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Ou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu Y, Zheng X, Guan D, Jiang X, Hu G. Heterogeneous Nanostructures Cause Anomalous Diffusion in Lipid Monolayers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16054-16066. [PMID: 36149751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion and mobility in biomembranes are crucial for various cell functions; however, the mechanisms involved in such processes remain ambiguous due to the complex membrane structures. Herein, we investigate how the heterogeneous nanostructures cause anomalous diffusion in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers. By identifying the existence of condensed nanodomains and clarifying their impact, our findings renew the understanding of the hydrodynamic description and the statistical feature of the diffusion in the monolayers. We find a universal characteristic of the multistage mean square displacement (MSD) with an intermediate crossover, signifying two membrane viscosities at different scales: the short-time scale describes the local fluidity and is independent of the nominal DPPC density, and the long-time scale represents the global continuous phase taking into account nanodomains and increases with DPPC density. The constant short-time viscosity reflects a dynamic equilibrium between the continuous fluid phase and the condensed nanodomains in the molecular scale. Notably, we observe an "anomalous yet Brownian" phenomenon exhibiting an unusual double-peaked displacement probability distribution (DPD), which is attributed to the net dipolar repulsive force from the heterogeneous nanodomains around the microdomains. The findings provide physical insights into the transport of membrane inclusions that underpin various biological functions and drug deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Scientific Research Centre for Fluidized Mining of Deep Underground Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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16
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Elasticity regulates nanomaterial transport as delivery vehicles: Design, characterization, mechanisms and state of the art. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Gorantla S, Puppala ER, Naidu V, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Hyaluronic acid-coated proglycosomes for topical delivery of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis condition: Formulation design, in vitro, ex vivo characterization, and in vivo efficacy studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:207-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Wang Q, Yu W, Li Z, Liu B, Hu Y, Chen S, de Vries R, Yuan Y, Erazo Quintero LE, Hou G, Hu C, Li Y. The stability and bioavailability of curcumin loaded α-lactalbumin nanocarriers formulated in functional dairy drink. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Hou G, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Liang S, Liu B, Shi W. iRGD-grafted N-trimethyl chitosan-coated protein nanotubes enhanced the anticancer efficacy of curcumin and melittin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:348-359. [PMID: 36150572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) and Melittin (Mel) are two natural extracts that have been shown anti-tumor effects. However, their applications are limited due to poor oral bioavailability and the lack of tumor-targeting property. Here, we developed a novel nanocomposite that enabled the co-delivery of Cur and Mel, which consists of α-lactalbumin protein nanotubes (NTs), positively charged N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), and a tumor-targeting cyclic peptide iRGD. The results showed that NTs/Cur-TMC-Mel-iRGD incorporated the advantages of each component, for instance, effective compounds loading by NTs, improved cellular uptake by TMC, prolonged accumulation in tumors by iRGD as well as synergistic anti-tumor effects of Cur and Mel. In the tumor-bearing mice, NTs/Cur-TMC-Mel-iRGD treatment remarkably induced cancer cell apoptosis while inhibiting cell proliferation, leading to suppressed tumor growth. Besides, no obvious adverse effects were observed in the blood physiology and tissue histology. Overall, our study provided an effective strategy for co-delivering Cur and Mel, which has a potential for translational clinical research aiming to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hou
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, PR China.
| | - Wenbiao Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, PR China.
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20
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Zhang S, Wang J, Ge T. Force-driven active dynamics of thin nanorods in unentangled polymer melts. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6582-6591. [PMID: 35968884 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the functional material and biomedical applications of nanorods call for a fundamental understanding of the active motion of nanorods in a viscoelastic medium. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate a model system consisting of force-driven active thin nanorods in a melt of unentangled polymers. The activeness of a thin nanorod arises from a constant external force applied uniformly along the rod. The simulations demonstrate that the active force overcomes the randomness of the diffusive motion and results in a ballistic motion along the direction of the applied force at long timescales. The constant speed of the force-driven ballistic motion is determined by the balance of the active force and the friction from the coupling of the nanorod with the polymer viscosity. The friction coefficient, which is computed as the ratio of the active force and the speed, decreases as the active force increases. The origin of the reduction in the friction coefficient is the high speed that allows the nanorod to renew its local environment faster than the relaxation time of melt chains. A scaling theory is developed to quantify the dependence of the friction coefficient on the strength of the active force. The simulations also demonstrate that the force-driven ballistic motion suppresses the rotational diffusion of the rod and cuts off the de-correlation of the rod axis with time. On the scaling level, the long-time trajectory of a force-driven active nanorod piercing through unentangled polymers may be described as a stretched array of "active blobs", where the short-time random-walk trajectory within an active blob is unperturbed by the active force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siteng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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21
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tian S, Wang Q, Chen S, Li Z, Liang S, Hou G, Liu B, Li Y. Intestinal-targeted nanotubes-in-microgels composite carriers for capsaicin delivery and their effect for alleviation of Salmonella induced enteritis. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121613. [PMID: 35700621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a word-wide food-borne pathogen, which can cause severe enteritis and intestinal microbiota imbalance. Capsaicin (Cap), a food-based bioactive ingredient, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its low solubility, low bioavailability and the irritation to digestive tract greatly limit its applications. Here, an intestinal responsively "nanotubes-in-microgel" composite carrier was constructed by capturing α-lactalbumin (α-lac) nanotubes in low-methoxy pectin microgels (LMP-NT) (52 μm). Cap was loaded in such system via hydrophobic interaction with a loading capacity of 38.02 mg/g. The LMP microgels remained stable and protected NT/Cap from early releasing in the gastric condition. It showed an excellent mucoadhesive capacity, which can prolong the intestinal retention up to 12 h and control release NT/Cap in intestine. Afterward, NT/Cap could penetrate across the mucus layer deeply and enter the intestinal villi epithelial cells efficiently. LMP-NT microgels achieved a mucoadhesive-to-penetrating transition in response to intestinal pH, improving the epithelium absorption and the in vivo bioavailability of Cap. Oral administration of LMP-NT/Cap could effectively alleviate enteritis caused by Salmonella infection and maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Overall, this work suggested that LMP-NT composite microgels were promising for intestine-targeted and oral delivery of hydrophobic bioactive food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Simin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shanan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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22
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Liu J, Liu H, Jia Y, Tan Z, Hou R, Lu J, Luo D, Fu X, Wang L, Wang X. Glucose-sensitive delivery of tannic acid by a photo-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel film for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1644-1663. [PMID: 35446748 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2068948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A glucose-sensitive antibacterial and anti-inflammatory hydrogel film with controlled release of tannic acid (TA) was synthesized using chitosan (CS). Specifically, the photo-crosslinked CS hydrogel was first obtained and then immersed in TA solution to generate composite hydrogel film with enhanced mechanical properties. Subsequently, N-hydroxysuccinimide/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide based coupling chemistry was used to covalently crosslink glucose oxidase (GOx) to CS to obtain glucose sensitivity. The physicochemical properties, including chemical composition, enzyme-related characteristics, glucose responsiveness, and mechanical strength, were thoroughly investigated, followed by the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory tests. The results showed that the GOx immobilized on the film surface by covalent bonding gave better stability than those that were physically adsorbed. In addition, it could quickly and correspondingly modify its inner pore structure in response to the glucose stimulus and then control the loaded TA release. Meanwhile, the TA addition could enhance the film's mechanical properties. The composite hydrogel film demonstrated adequate biocompatibility and can inhibit NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production in stimulated macrophages, as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, demonstrating effective antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziwei Tan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruxia Hou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongmei Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
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Li S, Shi X. 接枝高分子对纳米-生物界面粘附性能的调控研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Mundekkad D, Cho WC. Nanoparticles in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031685. [PMID: 35163607 PMCID: PMC8835852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer therapeutics brought a paradigm shift from conventional therapy to precision medicine. The new therapeutic modalities accomplished through the properties of nanomaterials have extended their scope in cancer therapy beyond conventional drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be channeled in cancer therapy to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients and deliver them to the tumor site in a more efficient manner. This review enumerates various types of nanoparticles that have entered clinical trials for cancer treatment. The obstacles in the journey of nanodrug from clinic to market are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest developments in using nanoparticles in cancer therapy are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mundekkad
- Centre for NanoBioTechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or
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Li H, Li S, Lin Y, Chen S, Yang L, Huang X, Wang H, Yu X, Zhang L. Artificial exosomes mediated spatiotemporal-resolved and targeted delivery of epigenetic inhibitors. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:364. [PMID: 34789273 PMCID: PMC8597284 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant tumor is usually associated with epigenetic dysregulation, such as overexpression of histone deacetylase (HDAC), thus HDAC has emerged as a therapeutic target for cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitor has been approved for clinical use to treat hematological cancers. However, the low solubility, short circulation lifetime, and high cytotoxicity partially limited their applications in solid tumor. METHODS The upconversion nanoparticles (UC) modified with mesoporous silica (SUC) was used to load an HDACI, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and further camouflaged with M1 macrophage-derived exosome membranes (EMS). EMS was characterized in size and compositions. We also analyzed the epigenetic regulation induced by EMS. Furthermore, we evaluate the biodistribution and in vivo tumor inhibition after the systemic administration of EMS. RESULTS This novel style spatiotemporal-resolved drug delivery system, EMS showed a high loading efficiency of SAHA. EMS could be taken up by lung cancer cells and lead to efficient epigenetic inhibition. We found that the integrin α4β1 on M1-EM, was crucial for the homing of EMS to tumor tissues for the first time. In tumor-bearing mice, EMS showed spatiotemporal-resolved properties and facilitated the drug accumulation in the tumors, which induced superior anti-tumor effects. CONCLUSION This novel style of spatiotemporal-resolved nanoparticles can be used as a theranostic platform for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Songpei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Langyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State and NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao BR, Li B, Shi X. Molecular simulation of the diffusion mechanism of nanorods in cross-linked networks. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17404-17416. [PMID: 34647122 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the diffusion of rod-shaped nanocarriers with different rigidities and aspect ratios in cross-linked networks using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations. The diffusivity of the nanorods increases with a reduction in the rigidities of the nanorods and network, as well as with an increasing aspect ratio with respect to the same volume fraction of the nanorods. The nanorods show an anisotropic diffusion pathway through translocating along their major axes at short time scales, and the anisotropy of diffusion decreases at long time scales. Meanwhile, the diffusion of the nanorods shows a sub-diffusion regime that deviates from Brownian motion in most cases due to the trapping of the nanorods in a cage composed of the network. The nanorod could hop when it escapes from the cage and the hopping behavior depends on the rigidities of both the nanorod and network, as well as the local network density. The rotational motion of the trapped nanorod also enhances the probability of hopping. Our results may help in the understanding of the microscopic mechanism for the diffusion of rod-shaped and other relevant nanocarriers, in a cross-linked network environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang J, O’Connor TC, Grest GS, Zheng Y, Rubinstein M, Ge T. Diffusion of Thin Nanorods in Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2021; 54:7051-7059. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thomas C. O’Connor
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Yitong Zheng
- Hongyi Honor School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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