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Su JF, Xiao Y, Wei LY, Lei HY, Sun F, Wang WX, Li SH, Wang XC, Zheng J, Wang JZ. A new tau dephosphorylation-targeting chimera for the treatment of tauopathies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01326-4. [PMID: 38956416 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein plays a pivotal role in a collection of neurodegenerative diseases named tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have recently conceptualized the design of hetero-bifunctional chimeras for selectively promoting the proximity between tau and phosphatase, thus specifically facilitating tau dephosphorylation and removal. Here, we sought to optimize the construction of tau dephosphorylating-targeting chimera (DEPTAC) and obtained a new chimera D14, which had high efficiency in reducing tau phosphorylation both in cell and tauopathy mouse models, while showing limited cytotoxicity. Moreover, D14 ameliorated neurodegeneration in primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with toxic tau-K18 fragments, and improved cognitive functions of tauopathy mice. These results suggested D14 as a cost-effective drug candidate for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fen Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin-Yu Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui-Yang Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China.
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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Majumder M, Dutta D. Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Tauopathy: A Less Explored Area in Tau-Mediated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:1112. [PMID: 38994964 PMCID: PMC11240328 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is the hallmark pathology in a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders collectively called tauopathies. Physiologically, tau is an inherent neuronal protein that plays an important role in the assembly of microtubules and axonal transport. However, disease-associated mutations of this protein reduce its binding to the microtubule components and promote self-aggregation, leading to formation of tangles in neurons. Tau is also expressed in oligodendrocytes, where it has significant developmental roles in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis. Oligodendrocyte-specific tau pathology, in the form of fibrils and coiled coils, is evident in major tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Pick's disease (PiD). Multiple animal models of tauopathy expressing mutant forms of MAPT recapitulate oligodendroglial tau inclusions with potential to cause degeneration/malfunction of oligodendrocytes and affecting the neuronal myelin sheath. Till now, mechanistic studies heavily concentrated on elucidating neuronal tau pathology. Therefore, more investigations are warranted to comprehensively address tau-induced pathologies in oligodendrocytes. The present review provides the current knowledge available in the literature about the intricate relations between tau and oligodendrocytes in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Majumder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby’s Children Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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3
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Hole KL, Zhu B, Huggon L, Brown JT, Mason JM, Williams RJ. Tau P301L disengages from the proteosome core complex and neurogranin coincident with enhanced neuronal network excitability. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:429. [PMID: 38890273 PMCID: PMC11189525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies are characterised by the pathological accumulation of misfolded tau. The emerging view is that toxic tau species drive synaptic dysfunction and potentially tau propagation before measurable neurodegeneration is evident, but the underlying molecular events are not well defined. Human non-mutated 0N4R tau (tauWT) and P301L mutant 0N4R tau (tauP301L) were expressed in mouse primary cortical neurons using adeno-associated viruses to monitor early molecular changes and synaptic function before the onset of neuronal loss. In this model tauP301L was differentially phosphorylated relative to tauwt with a notable increase in phosphorylation at ser262. Affinity purification - mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass tagging was used to quantitatively compare the tauWT and tauP301L interactomes. This revealed an enrichment of tauP301L with ribosomal proteins but a decreased interaction with the proteasome core complex and reduced tauP301L degradation. Differences in the interaction of tauP301L with members of a key synaptic calcium-calmodulin signalling pathway were also identified, most notably, increased association with CaMKII but reduced association with calcineurin and the candidate AD biomarker neurogranin. Decreased association of neurogranin to tauP301L corresponded with the appearance of enhanced levels of extracellular neurogranin suggestive of potential release or leakage from synapses. Finally, analysis of neuronal network activity using micro-electrode arrays showed that overexpression of tauP301L promoted basal hyperexcitability coincident with these changes in the tau interactome and implicating tau in specific early alterations in synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona L Hole
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bangfu Zhu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Laura Huggon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jon T Brown
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Chu D, Yang X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Gu JH, Miao J, Wu F, Liu F. Tau truncation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1221-1232. [PMID: 37905868 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease is characterized by two major neuropathological hallmarks-the extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregated and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau, especially specific proteolysis, could be a driving force for Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration. Tau physiologically promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules, whereas specific truncated fragments are sufficient to induce abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregate into toxic oligomers, resulting in them gaining prion-like characteristics. In addition, Tau truncations cause extensive impairments to neural and glial cell functions and animal cognition and behavior in a fragment-dependent manner. This review summarizes over 60 proteolytic cleavage sites and their corresponding truncated fragments, investigates the role of specific truncations in physiological and pathological states of Alzheimer's disease, and summarizes the latest applications of strategies targeting Tau fragments in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Miao
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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5
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Ellis MJ, Lekka C, Holden KL, Tulmin H, Seedat F, O'Brien DP, Dhayal S, Zeissler ML, Knudsen JG, Kessler BM, Morgan NG, Todd JA, Richardson SJ, Stefana MI. Identification of high-performing antibodies for the reliable detection of Tau proteoforms by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:87. [PMID: 38761203 PMCID: PMC11102361 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential research tools whose performance directly impacts research conclusions and reproducibility. Owing to its central role in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, hundreds of distinct antibody clones have been developed against the microtubule-associated protein Tau and its multiple proteoforms. Despite this breadth of offer, limited understanding of their performance and poor antibody selectivity have hindered research progress. Here, we validate a large panel of Tau antibodies by Western blot (79 reagents) and immunohistochemistry (35 reagents). We address the reagents' ability to detect the target proteoform, selectivity, the impact of protein phosphorylation on antibody binding and performance in human brain samples. While most antibodies detected Tau at high levels, many failed to detect it at lower, endogenous levels. By WB, non-selective binding to other proteins affected over half of the antibodies tested, with several cross-reacting with the related MAP2 protein, whereas the "oligomeric Tau" T22 antibody reacted with monomeric Tau by WB, thus calling into question its specificity to Tau oligomers. Despite the presumption that "total" Tau antibodies are agnostic to post-translational modifications, we found that phosphorylation partially inhibits binding for many such antibodies, including the popular Tau-5 clone. We further combine high-sensitivity reagents, mass-spectrometry proteomics and cDNA sequencing to demonstrate that presumptive Tau "knockout" human cells continue to express residual protein arising through exon skipping, providing evidence of previously unappreciated gene plasticity. Finally, probing of human brain samples with a large panel of antibodies revealed the presence of C-term-truncated versions of all main Tau brain isoforms in both control and tauopathy donors. Ultimately, we identify a validated panel of Tau antibodies that can be employed in Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry to reliably detect even low levels of Tau expression with high selectivity. This work represents an extensive resource that will enable the re-interpretation of published data, improve reproducibility in Tau research, and overall accelerate scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ellis
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Lekka
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Katie L Holden
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanna Tulmin
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Faheem Seedat
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 3, Oxford, UK
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Radcliffe, UK
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - M Irina Stefana
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Tu Y, Cao Y, Zhu H, Shao J, Zhuang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Proteasome activation: A novel strategy for targeting undruggable intrinsically disordered proteins. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107217. [PMID: 38368657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by their inability to adopt well-defined tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, they often play pivotal roles in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments. Owing to their inherent dynamism, conventional drug design approaches based on structural considerations encounter substantial challenges when applied to IDPs. Consequently, the pursuit of therapeutic interventions directed towards IDPs presents a complex endeavor. While there are indeed existing methodologies for targeting IDPs, they are encumbered by noteworthy constrains. Hence, there exists an imminent imperative to investigate more efficacious and universally applicable strategies for modulating IDPs. Here, we present an overview of the latest advancements in the research pertaining to IDPs, along with the indirect regulation approach involving the modulation of IDP degradation through proteasome. By comprehending these advancements in research, novel insights can be generated to facilitate the development of new drugs targeted at addressing the accumulation of IDPs in diverse pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Tu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Soh WT, Roetschke HP, Cormican JA, Teo BF, Chiam NC, Raabe M, Pflanz R, Henneberg F, Becker S, Chari A, Liu H, Urlaub H, Liepe J, Mishto M. Protein degradation by human 20S proteasomes elucidates the interplay between peptide hydrolysis and splicing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1147. [PMID: 38326304 PMCID: PMC10850103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
If and how proteasomes catalyze not only peptide hydrolysis but also peptide splicing is an open question that has divided the scientific community. The debate has so far been based on immunopeptidomics, in vitro digestions of synthetic polypeptides as well as ex vivo and in vivo experiments, which could only indirectly describe proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing of full-length proteins. Here we develop a workflow-and cognate software - to analyze proteasome-generated non-spliced and spliced peptides produced from entire proteins and apply it to in vitro digestions of 15 proteins, including well-known intrinsically disordered proteins such as human tau and α-Synuclein. The results confirm that 20S proteasomes produce a sizeable variety of cis-spliced peptides, whereas trans-spliced peptides are a minority. Both peptide hydrolysis and splicing produce peptides with well-defined characteristics, which hint toward an intricate regulation of both catalytic activities. At protein level, both non-spliced and spliced peptides are not randomly localized within protein sequences, but rather concentrated in hotspots of peptide products, in part driven by protein sequence motifs and proteasomal preferences. At sequence level, the different peptide sequence preference of peptide hydrolysis and peptide splicing suggests a competition between the two catalytic activities of 20S proteasomes during protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tuck Soh
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hanna P Roetschke
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK
- Research Group of Molecular Immunology, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - John A Cormican
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bei Fang Teo
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK
- Research Group of Molecular Immunology, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nyet Cheng Chiam
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monika Raabe
- Research Group of Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Pflanz
- Research Group of Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Henneberg
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ashwin Chari
- Research Group of Structural Biochemistry and Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute; Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group of Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Research Group of Quantitative and Systems Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michele Mishto
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL, London, UK.
- Research Group of Molecular Immunology, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK.
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8
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Xiong J, Pang X, Song X, Yang L, Pang C. The coherence between PSMC6 and α-ring in the 26S proteasome is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1330853. [PMID: 38357597 PMCID: PMC10864545 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1330853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder. Its hallmarks involve abnormal proteostasis, which triggers proteotoxicity and induces neuronal dysfunction. The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent proteolytic nanomachine of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and contributes to eliminating these abnormal proteins. This study focused on the relationship between proteasome and AD, the hub genes of proteasome, PSMC6, and 7 genes of α-ring, are selected as targets to study. The following three characteristics were observed: 1. The total number of proteasomes decreased with AD progression because the proteotoxicity damaged the expression of proteasome proteins, as evidenced by the downregulation of hub genes. 2. The existing proteasomes exhibit increased activity and efficiency to counterbalance the decline in total proteasome numbers, as evidenced by enhanced global coordination and reduced systemic disorder of proteasomal subunits as AD advances. 3. The synergy of PSMC6 and α-ring subunits is associated with AD. Synergistic downregulation of PSMC6 and α-ring subunits reflects a high probability of AD risk. Regarding the above discovery, the following hypothesis is proposed: The aggregation of pathogenic proteins intensifies with AD progression, then proteasome becomes more active and facilitates the UPS selectively targets the degradation of abnormal proteins to maintain CNS proteostasis. In this paper, bioinformatics and support vector machine learning methods are applied and combined with multivariate statistical analysis of microarray data. Additionally, the concept of entropy was used to detect the disorder of proteasome system, it was discovered that entropy is down-regulated continually with AD progression against system chaos caused by AD. Another conception of the matrix determinant was used to detect the global coordination of proteasome, it was discovered that the coordination is enhanced to maintain the efficiency of degradation. The features of entropy and determinant suggest that active proteasomes resist the attack caused by AD like defenders, on the one hand, to protect themselves (entropy reduces), and on the other hand, to fight the enemy (determinant reduces). It is noted that these are results from biocomputing and need to be supported by further biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinping Pang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghu Song
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Pang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Liao EE, Yang M, Nathan Kochen N, Vunnam N, Braun AR, Ferguson DM, Sachs JN. Proteasomal Stimulation by MK886 and Its Derivatives Can Rescue Tau-Induced Neurite Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6133-6144. [PMID: 37428404 PMCID: PMC10529599 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation of intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau, is a critical component of proteostasis in both aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated proteasomal activation by MK886 (MK). We previously identified MK as a lead compound capable of modulating tau oligomerization in a cellular FRET assay and rescuing P301L tau-induced cytotoxicity. We first confirmed robust proteasomal activation by MK using 20S proteasomal assays and a cellular proteasomal tau-GFP cleavage assay. We then show that MK treatment can significantly rescue tau-induced neurite pathology in differentiated SHSY5Y neurospheres. Due to this compelling result, we designed a series of seven MK analogs to determine if proteasomal activity is sensitive to structural permutations. Using the proteasome as the primary MOA, we examined tau aggregation, neurite outgrowth, inflammation, and autophagy assays to identify two essential substituents of MK that are required for compound activity: (1) removal of the N-chlorobenzyl group from MK negated both proteasomal and autophagic activity and reduced neurite outgrowth; and (2) removal of the indole-5-isopropyl group significantly improved neurite outgrowth and autophagy activity but reduced its anti-inflammatory capacity. Overall, our results suggest that the combination of proteasomal/autophagic stimulation and anti-inflammatory properties of MK and its derivatives can decrease tau-tau interactions and help rebalance dysfunctional proteostasis. Further development of MK to optimize its proteasomal, autophagic, and anti-inflammatory targets may lead to a novel therapeutic that would be beneficial in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly E Liao
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mu Yang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Noah Nathan Kochen
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nagamani Vunnam
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anthony R Braun
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - David M Ferguson
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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10
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Bialek W, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. Ubiquitin-Dependent and Independent Proteasomal Degradation in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6740. [PMID: 37764516 PMCID: PMC10536765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin, a small protein, is well known for tagging target proteins through a cascade of enzymatic reactions that lead to protein degradation. The ubiquitin tag, apart from its signaling role, is paramount in destabilizing the modified protein. Here, we explore the complex role of ubiquitin-mediated protein destabilization in the intricate proteolysis process by the 26S proteasome. In addition, the significance of the so-called ubiquitin-independent pathway and the role of the 20S proteasome are considered. Next, we discuss the ubiquitin-proteasome system's interplay with pathogenic microorganisms and how the microorganisms manipulate this system to establish infection by a range of elaborate pathways to evade or counteract host responses. Finally, we focus on the mechanisms that rely either on (i) hijacking the host and on delivering pathogenic E3 ligases and deubiquitinases that promote the degradation of host proteins, or (ii) counteracting host responses through the stabilization of pathogenic effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Bialek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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11
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Huang Y, Wen J, Ramirez LM, Gümüşdil E, Pokhrel P, Man VH, Ye H, Han Y, Liu Y, Li P, Su Z, Wang J, Mao H, Zweckstetter M, Perrett S, Wu S, Gao M. Methylene blue accelerates liquid-to-gel transition of tau condensates impacting tau function and pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5444. [PMID: 37673952 PMCID: PMC10482834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing tau aggregation is a potential therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Recently, liquid-liquid phase separation has been found to facilitate the formation of pathogenic tau conformations and fibrillar aggregates, although many aspects of the conformational transitions of tau during the phase transition process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the tau aggregation inhibitor methylene blue promotes tau liquid-liquid phase separation and accelerates the liquid-to-gel transition of tau droplets independent of the redox activity of methylene blue. We further show that methylene blue inhibits the conversion of tau droplets into fibrils and reduces the cytotoxicity of tau aggregates. Although gelation slows down the mobility of tau and tubulin, it does not impair microtubule assembly within tau droplets. These findings suggest that methylene blue inhibits tau amyloid fibrillization and accelerates tau droplet gelation via distinct mechanisms, thus providing insights into the activity of tau aggregation inhibitors in the context of phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Huang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jitao Wen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lisa-Marie Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eymen Gümüşdil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze Çayirova, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pravin Pokhrel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Viet H Man
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Haiqiong Ye
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Han
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Hanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Kim Y, Kim EK, Chey Y, Song MJ, Jang HH. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles and Applications of the Proteasome. Cells 2023; 12:1846. [PMID: 37508510 PMCID: PMC10378610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease complex that is involved in protein quality control via three proteolytic activities (i.e., caspase-, trypsin-, and chymotrypsin-like activities). Most cellular proteins are selectively degraded by the proteasome via ubiquitination. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a critical process for maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we briefly summarize the structure of the proteasome, its regulatory mechanisms, proteins that regulate proteasome activity, and alterations to proteasome activity found in diverse diseases, chemoresistant cells, and cancer stem cells. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic modalities that use the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoona Chey
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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13
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Mamrosh JL, Sherman DJ, Cohen JR, Johnston JA, Joubert MK, Li J, Lipford JR, Lomenick B, Moradian A, Prabhu S, Sweredoski MJ, Vander Lugt B, Verma R, Deshaies RJ. Quantitative measurement of the requirement of diverse protein degradation pathways in MHC class I peptide presentation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7890. [PMID: 37352349 PMCID: PMC10289651 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Peptides from degradation of intracellular proteins are continuously displayed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. To better understand origins of these peptides, we performed a comprehensive census of the class I peptide repertoire in the presence and absence of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activity upon developing optimized methodology to enrich for and quantify these peptides. Whereas most class I peptides are dependent on the UPS for their generation, a surprising 30%, enriched in peptides of mitochondrial origin, appears independent of the UPS. A further ~10% of peptides were found to be dependent on the proteasome but independent of ubiquitination for their generation. Notably, clinically achievable partial inhibition of the proteasome resulted in display of atypical peptides. Our results suggest that generation of MHC class I•peptide complexes is more complex than previously recognized, with UPS-dependent and UPS-independent components; paradoxically, alternative protein degradation pathways also generate class I peptides when canonical pathways are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Mamrosh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - David J. Sherman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Joseph R. Cohen
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Rati Verma
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Raymond J. Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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14
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Majid N, Khan RH. Protein aggregation: Consequences, mechanism, characterization and inhibitory strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125123. [PMID: 37270122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a major role in the regulation of various cellular functions including the synthesis of structural components. But proteins are stable under physiological conditions only. A slight variation in environmental conditions can cost them huge in terms of conformational stability ultimately leading to aggregation. Under normal conditions, aggregated proteins are degraded or removed from the cell by a quality control system including ubiquitin-proteasomal machinery and autophagy. But they are burdened under diseased conditions or are impaired by the aggregated proteins leading to the generation of toxicity. The misfolding and aggregation of protein such as amyloid-β, α-synuclein, human lysozyme etc., are responsible for certain diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and non- neuropathic systemic amyloidosis respectively. Extensive research has been done to find the therapeutics for such diseases but till now we have got only symptomatic treatment that will reduce the disease severity but will not target the initial formation of nucleus responsible for disease progression and propagation. Hence there is an urgent need to develop the drugs targeting the cause of the disease. For this, a wide knowledge related to misfolding and aggregation under the same heading is required as described in this review alongwith the strategies hypothesized and implemented till now. This will contribute a lot to the work of researchers in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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15
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Deshmukh FK, Ben-Nissan G, Olshina MA, Füzesi-Levi MG, Polkinghorn C, Arkind G, Leushkin Y, Fainer I, Fleishman SJ, Tawfik D, Sharon M. Allosteric regulation of the 20S proteasome by the Catalytic Core Regulators (CCRs) family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3126. [PMID: 37253751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled degradation of proteins is necessary for ensuring their abundance and sustaining a healthy and accurately functioning proteome. One of the degradation routes involves the uncapped 20S proteasome, which cleaves proteins with a partially unfolded region, including those that are damaged or contain intrinsically disordered regions. This degradation route is tightly controlled by a recently discovered family of proteins named Catalytic Core Regulators (CCRs). Here, we show that CCRs function through an allosteric mechanism, coupling the physical binding of the PSMB4 β-subunit with attenuation of the complex's three proteolytic activities. In addition, by dissecting the structural properties that are required for CCR-like function, we could recapitulate this activity using a designed protein that is half the size of natural CCRs. These data uncover an allosteric path that does not involve the proteasome's enzymatic subunits but rather propagates through the non-catalytic subunit PSMB4. This way of 20S proteasome-specific attenuation opens avenues for decoupling the 20S and 26S proteasome degradation pathways as well as for developing selective 20S proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanindra Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya A Olshina
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maria G Füzesi-Levi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Caley Polkinghorn
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Galina Arkind
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yegor Leushkin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Fainer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Tawfik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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16
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González B, Aldea M, Cullen PJ. Chaperone-Dependent Degradation of Cdc42 Promotes Cell Polarity and Shields the Protein from Aggregation. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:200-222. [PMID: 37114947 PMCID: PMC10184603 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2198171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are global regulators of cell polarity and signaling. By exploring the turnover regulation of the yeast Rho GTPase Cdc42p, we identified new regulatory features surrounding the stability of the protein. We specifically show that Cdc42p is degraded at 37 °C by chaperones through lysine residues located in the C-terminus of the protein. Cdc42p turnover at 37 °C occurred by the 26S proteasome in an ESCRT-dependent manner in the lysosome/vacuole. By analyzing versions of Cdc42p that were defective for turnover, we show that turnover at 37 °C promoted cell polarity but was defective for sensitivity to mating pheromone, presumably mediated through a Cdc42p-dependent MAP kinase pathway. We also identified one residue (K16) in the P-loop of the protein that was critical for Cdc42p stability. Accumulation of Cdc42pK16R in some contexts led to the formation of protein aggregates, which were enriched in aging mother cells and cells undergoing proteostatic stress. Our study uncovers new aspects of protein turnover regulation of a Rho-type GTPase that may extend to other systems. Moreover, residues identified here that mediate Cdc42p turnover correlate with several human diseases, which may suggest that turnover regulation of Cdc42p is important to aspects of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Martí Aldea
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul J. Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
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17
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D’Urso A, Purrello R, Cunsolo A, Milardi D, Fattorusso C, Persico M, Gaczynska M, Osmulski PA, Santoro AM. Electronic Circular Dichroism Detects Conformational Changes Associated with Proteasome Gating Confirmed Using AFM Imaging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:704. [PMID: 37189451 PMCID: PMC10136135 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, are linked to proteasome dysregulation. Proteasome activity, essential for maintaining proteostasis in a cell, is controlled by the gating mechanism and its underlying conformational transitions. Thus, developing effective methods to detect gate-related specific proteasome conformations could be a significant contribution to rational drug design. Since the structural analysis suggests that gate opening is associated with a decrease in the content of α-helices and β-sheets and an increase in random coil structures, we decided to explore the application of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) in the UV region to monitor the proteasome gating. A comparison of ECD spectra of wild type yeast 20S proteasome (predominantly closed) and an open-gate mutant (α3ΔN) revealed an increased intensity in the ECD band at 220 nm, which suggests increased contents of random coil and β-turn structures. This observation was further supported by evaluating ECD spectra of human 20S treated with low concentration of SDS, known as a gate-opening reagent. Next, to evaluate the power of ECD to probe a ligand-induced gate status, we treated the proteasome with H2T4, a tetracationic porphyrin that we showed previously to induce large-scale protein conformational changes upon binding to h20S. H2T4 caused a significant increase in the ECD band at 220 nm, interpreted as an induced opening of the 20S gate. In parallel, we imaged the gate-harboring alpha ring of the 20S with AFM, a technique that we used previously to visualize the predominantly closed gate in latent human or yeast 20S and the open gate in α3ΔN mutant. The results were convergent with the ECD data and showed a marked decrease in the content of closed-gate conformation in the H2T4-treated h20S. Our findings provide compelling support for the use of ECD measurements to conveniently monitor proteasome conformational changes related to gating phenomena. We predict that the observed association of spectroscopic and structural results will help with efficient design and characterization of exogenous proteasome regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D’Urso
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Purrello
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Cunsolo
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Persico
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.G.); (P.A.O.)
| | - Pawel A. Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.G.); (P.A.O.)
| | - Anna Maria Santoro
- Istituto di Cristallografia—CNR Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
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18
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Brás IC, Khani MH, Vasili E, Möbius W, Riedel D, Parfentev I, Gerhardt E, Fahlbusch C, Urlaub H, Zweckstetter M, Gollisch T, Outeiro TF. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating the Transfer of Disease-Associated Proteins and Effects on Neuronal Activity. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2397-2422. [PMID: 36278361 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cellular pathways have been implicated in the transfer of disease-related proteins between cells, contributing to disease progression and neurodegeneration. However, the overall effects of protein transfer are still unclear. OBJECTIVE Here, we performed a systematic comparison of basic molecular mechanisms involved in the release of alpha-synuclein, Tau, and huntingtin, and evaluated functional effects upon internalization by receiving cells. METHODS Evaluation of protein release to the extracellular space in a free form and in extracellular vesicles using an optimized ultracentrifugation protocol. The extracellular effects of the proteins and extracellular vesicles in primary neuronal cultures were assessed using multi-channel electrophysiological recordings combined with a customized spike sorting framework. RESULTS We demonstrate cells differentially release free-forms of each protein to the extracellular space. Importantly, neuronal activity is distinctly modulated upon protein internalization in primary cortical cultures. In addition, these disease-related proteins also occur in extracellular vesicles, and are enriched in ectosomes. Internalization of ectosomes and exosomes by primary microglial or astrocytic cells elicits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modifies spontaneous electrical activity in neurons. OBJECTIVE Overall, our study demonstrates that released proteins can have detrimental effects for surrounding cells, and suggests protein release pathways may be exploited as therapeutic targets in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad H Khani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan Parfentev
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Fahlbusch
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gollisch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Gharb M, Nouralishahi A, Riazi A, Riazi G. Inhibition Of Tau Protein Aggregation By a Chaperone-like β-Boswellic Acid Conjugated To Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30347-30358. [PMID: 36061732 PMCID: PMC9434627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit tau protein aggregation in neurons has substantial effects on preventing or controlling Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we designed a covalent and noncovalent conjugation of β-boswellic acid (BA) to gold nanoparticles (GNPs). We provided the opportunity to investigate the effect of the surface composition of BA-GNPs on the aggregation of the tau protein 1N/4R isoform in vitro. HR-TEM and FESEM micrographs revealed that GNPs were spherical and uniform, smaller than 25 nm. According to UV-visible and FTIR data, BA was successfully conjugated to GNPs. The finding illustrates the effect of the surface charge, size, and hydrophobicity of BA-GNPs on the kinetics of tau protein aggregation. The size and surface area of U-G-BA demonstrated that inhibited tau aggregation more effectively than covalently linked BA. The proposed method for preventing tau aggregation was monomer reduction. At the same time, a chaperone-like feature of GNP-BA while sustaining a tau native structure prevented the additional formation of fibrils. Overall, this study provides insight into the interaction of GNP-BAs with a monomer of tau protein and may suggest novel future therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gharb
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Amideddin Nouralishahi
- Caspian
Factually of Engineering, University of
Tehran, Rezvanshahr 4386191836, Gilan Iran
| | - Ali Riazi
- Kondor
Pharma Inc., Mississauga, Ontario L4V 1T4, Canada
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14335, Iran
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20
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Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC, Longhini AP, Rauch JN, Han D, Zhang X, Najafi S, Gestwicki JE, Kosik KS. Stress routes clients to the proteasome via a BAG2 ubiquitin-independent degradation condensate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3074. [PMID: 35654899 PMCID: PMC9163039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of membraneless organelles can be a proteotoxic stress control mechanism that locally condenses a set of components capable of mediating protein degradation decisions. The breadth of mechanisms by which cells respond to stressors and form specific functional types of membraneless organelles, is incompletely understood. We found that Bcl2-associated athanogene 2 (BAG2) marks a distinct phase-separated membraneless organelle, triggered by several forms of stress, particularly hyper-osmotic stress. Distinct from well-known condensates such as stress granules and processing bodies, BAG2-containing granules lack RNA, lack ubiquitin and promote client degradation in a ubiquitin-independent manner via the 20S proteasome. These organelles protect the viability of cells from stress and can traffic to the client protein, in the case of Tau protein, on the microtubule. Components of these ubiquitin-independent degradation organelles include the chaperone HSP-70 and the 20S proteasome activated by members of the PA28 (PMSE) family. BAG2 condensates did not co-localize with LAMP-1 or p62/SQSTM1. When the proteasome is inhibited, BAG2 condensates and the autophagy markers traffic to an aggresome-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Carrettiero
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Almeida
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew P Longhini
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dasol Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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21
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Oxidative distress in aging and age-related diseases: Spatiotemporal dysregulation of protein oxidation and degradation. Biochimie 2021; 195:114-134. [PMID: 34890732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of oxidative distress had arisen from the assessment of cellular response to high concentrations of reactive species that result from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and cause biomolecular damage. The intracellular distribution and flux of reactive species dramatically change in time and space contributing to the remodeling of the redox landscape and sensitivity of protein residues to oxidants. Here, we hypothesize that compromised spatiotemporal control of generation, conversions, and removal of reactive species underlies protein damage and dysfunction of protein degradation machineries. This leads to the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins resulted in an age-dependent decline in the organismal adaptability to oxidative stress. We highlight recent data obtained with the use of various cell cultures, animal models, and patients on irreversible and non-repairable oxidation of key redox-sensitive residues. Multiple reaction products include peptidyl hydroperoxides, alcohols, carbonyls, and carbamoyl moieties as well as Tyr-Tyr, Trp-Tyr, Trp-Trp, Tyr-Cys, His-Lys, His-Arg, and Tyr-Lys cross-links. These lead to protein fragmentation, misfolding, covalent cross-linking, oligomerization, aggregation, and ultimately, causing impaired protein function and turnover. 20S proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways are two major types of machinery for the degradation and elimination of oxidatively damaged proteins. Spatiotemporal dysregulation of these pathways under oxidative distress conditions is implicated in aging and age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Future investigations in this field allow the discovery of new drugs to target components of dysregulated cell signaling and protein degradation machinery to combat aging and age-related chronic diseases.
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22
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Henneberg F, Chari A. Chromatography-Free Purification Strategies for Large Biological Macromolecular Complexes Involving Fractionated PEG Precipitation and Density Gradients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1289. [PMID: 34947821 PMCID: PMC8707722 DOI: 10.3390/life11121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay between several biological macromolecules maintains cellular homeostasis. Generally, the demanding chemical reactions which sustain life are not performed by individual macromolecules, but rather by several proteins that together form a macromolecular complex. Understanding the functional interactions amongst subunits of these macromolecular machines is fundamental to elucidate mechanisms by which they maintain homeostasis. As the faithful function of macromolecular complexes is essential for cell survival, their mis-function leads to the development of human diseases. Furthermore, detailed mechanistic interrogation of the function of macromolecular machines can be exploited to develop and optimize biotechnological processes. The purification of intact macromolecular complexes is an essential prerequisite for this; however, chromatographic purification schemes can induce the dissociation of subunits or the disintegration of the whole complex. Here, we discuss the development and application of chromatography-free purification strategies based on fractionated PEG precipitation and orthogonal density gradient centrifugation that overcomes existing limitations of established chromatographic purification protocols. The presented case studies illustrate the capabilities of these procedures for the purification of macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Henneberg
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ashwin Chari
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Research Group for Structural Biochemistry and Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Concept and application of circulating proteasomes. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1539-1546. [PMID: 34707192 PMCID: PMC8568939 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is primarily a function of protein synthesis and degradation. Although the components and processes involved in intracellular proteostasis have been studied extensively, it is apparent that extracellular proteostasis is equitably crucial for the viability of organisms. The 26S proteasome, a unique ATP-dependent proteolytic complex in eukaryotic cells, contributes to the majority of intracellular proteolysis. Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of intact 20S proteasomes in the circulatory system (c-proteasomes), and similar to other plasma proteins, the levels of these c-proteasomes may vary, potentially reflecting specific pathophysiological conditions. Under normal conditions, the concentration of c-proteasomes has been reported to be in the range of ~0.2-2 μg/mL, which is ~2-4-fold lower than that of functional plasma proteins but markedly higher than that of signaling proteins. The characterization of c-proteasomes, such as their origin, structure, role, and clearance, has been delayed mainly due to technical limitations. In this review, we summarize the current perspectives pertaining to c-proteasomes, focusing on the methodology, including our experimental understanding. We believe that once the pathological relevance of c-proteasomes is revealed, these unique components may be utilized in the diagnosis and prognosis of diverse human diseases.
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24
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Ovcherenko SS, Chinak OA, Chechushkov AV, Dobrynin SA, Kirilyuk IA, Krumkacheva OA, Richter VA, Bagryanskaya EG. Uptake of Cell-Penetrating Peptide RL2 by Human Lung Cancer Cells: Monitoring by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:5442. [PMID: 34576913 PMCID: PMC8470091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RL2 is a recombinant analogue of a human κ-casein fragment, capable of penetrating cells and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells with no toxicity to normal cells. The exact mechanism of RL2 penetration into cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of RL2 penetration into human lung cancer A549 cells by a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. EPR spectra of A549 cells incubated with RL2 (sRL2) spin-labeled by a highly stable 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetraethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl radical were found to contain three components, with their contributions changing with time. The combined EPR and confocal-microscopy data allowed us to assign these three forms of sRL2 to the spin-labeled protein sticking to the membrane of the cell and endosomes, to the spin-labeled protein in the cell interior, and to spin labeled short peptides formed in the cell because of protein digestion. EPR spectroscopy enabled us to follow the kinetics of transformations between different forms of the spin-labeled protein at a minimal spin concentration (3-16 μM) in the cell. The prospects of applications of spin-labeled cell-penetrating peptides to EPR imaging, DNP, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed, as is possible research on an intrinsically disordered protein in the cell by pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S. Ovcherenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.O.); (S.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Olga A. Chinak
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.A.C.); (A.V.C.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Anton V. Chechushkov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.A.C.); (A.V.C.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Sergey A. Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.O.); (S.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Igor A. Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.O.); (S.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
| | | | - Vladimir A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.A.C.); (A.V.C.); (V.A.R.)
| | - Elena G. Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.O.); (S.A.D.); (I.A.K.)
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25
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Zheng J, Tian N, Liu F, Zhang Y, Su J, Gao Y, Deng M, Wei L, Ye J, Li H, Wang JZ. A novel dephosphorylation targeting chimera selectively promoting tau removal in tauopathies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:269. [PMID: 34262014 PMCID: PMC8280143 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark pathology shown in over twenty neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed as tauopathies, including the most common Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, selectively removing or reducing hyperphosphorylated tau is promising for therapies of AD and other tauopathies. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel DEPhosphorylation TArgeting Chimera (DEPTAC) to specifically facilitate the binding of tau to Bα-subunit-containing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-Bα), the most active tau phosphatase in the brain. The DEPTAC exhibited high efficiency in dephosphorylating tau at multiple AD-associated sites and preventing tau accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that DEPTAC significantly improved microtubule assembly, neurite plasticity, and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in transgenic mice with inducible overexpression of truncated and neurotoxic human tau N368. Our data provide a strategy for selective removal of the hyperphosphorylated tau, which sheds new light for the targeted therapy of AD and related-tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfen Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingmin Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyu Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwang Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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26
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The proteasome and its role in the nervous system. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:903-917. [PMID: 33905676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes are multisubunit complexes that catalyze the majority of protein degradation in mammalian cells to maintain protein homeostasis and influence the regulation of most cellular processes. The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex, is a ring-like structure with a narrow pore that exhibits regulated gating, enabling the selective degradation of target proteins into peptide fragments. This process of removing proteins is essential for eliminating proteins that are no longer wanted, such as unfolded or aggregated proteins. This is important for preserving cellular function relevant to brain health and disease. Recently, in the nervous system, specialized proteasomes have been shown to generate peptides with important cellular functions. These discoveries challenge the prevailing notion that proteasomes primarily operate to eliminate proteins and identify signaling-competent proteasomes. This review focuses on the structure, function, and regulation of proteasomes and sheds light on emerging areas of investigation regarding the role of proteasomes in the nervous system.
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27
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Fleeman RM, Proctor EA. Astrocytic Propagation of Tau in the Context of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:645233. [PMID: 33815065 PMCID: PMC8010320 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.645233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 6 million Americans are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the incidence is growing rapidly with our aging population. Numerous therapeutics have failed to make it to the clinic, potentially due to a focus on presumptive pathogenic proteins instead of cell-type-specific signaling mechanisms. The tau propagation hypothesis that inter-neuronal tau transfer drives AD pathology has recently garnered attention, as accumulation of pathological tau in the brain has high clinical significance in correlating with progression of cognitive AD symptoms. However, studies on tau pathology in AD are classically neuron-centric and have greatly overlooked cell-type specific effects of tau internalization, degradation, and propagation. While the contribution of microglia to tau processing and propagation is beginning to be recognized and understood, astrocytes, glial cells in the brain important for maintaining neuronal metabolic, synaptic, trophic, and immune function which can produce, internalize, degrade, and propagate tau are understudied in their ability to affect AD progression through tau pathology. Here, we showcase evidence for whether tau uptake by astrocytes may be beneficial or detrimental to neuronal health and how astrocytes and their immunometabolic functions may be key targets for future successful AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States.,Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States
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28
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Siegert A, Rankovic M, Favretto F, Ukmar-Godec T, Strohäker T, Becker S, Zweckstetter M. Interplay between tau and α-synuclein liquid-liquid phase separation. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1326-1336. [PMID: 33452693 PMCID: PMC8197422 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease with dementia, up to 50% of patients develop a high number of tau‐containing neurofibrillary tangles. Tau‐based pathologies may thus act synergistically with the α‐synuclein pathology to confer a worse prognosis. A better understanding of the relationship between the two distinct pathologies is therefore required. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins has recently been shown to be important for protein aggregation involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, whereas tau phase separation has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. We therefore investigated the interaction of α‐synuclein with tau and its consequences on tau LLPS. We find α‐synuclein to have a low propensity for both, self‐coacervation and RNA‐mediated LLPS at pH 7.4. However, full‐length but not carboxy‐terminally truncated α‐synuclein efficiently partitions into tau/RNA droplets. We further demonstrate that Cdk2‐phosphorylation promotes the concentration of tau into RNA‐induced droplets, but at the same time decreases the amount of α‐synuclein inside the droplets. NMR spectroscopy reveals that the interaction of the carboxy‐terminal domain of α‐synuclein with the proline‐rich region P2 of tau is required for the recruitment of α‐synuclein into tau droplets. The combined data suggest that the concentration of α‐synuclein into tau‐associated condensates can contribute to synergistic aSyn/tau pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siegert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marija Rankovic
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Filippo Favretto
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ukmar-Godec
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Strohäker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Weng FL, He L. Disrupted ubiquitin proteasome system underlying tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:79-85. [PMID: 33422896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) has long been an underappreciated hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Tau is one of the major components of microtubule networks in neurons, and its abnormal phosphorylation and aggregation are closely related to the impairment of axonal transport. Abnormalities in axonal transport can impede autophagy in neurons, interrupting the autophagic clearance of amyloid beta. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) maintains intracellular proteostasis by degrading abnormal or redundant proteins. Ever-mounting evidence suggests that UPS deficits contribute to p-tau accumulation. And targeting UPS attenuates tau pathology. This review endeavors to exam the potential role of UPS in p-tau aggregation, and how pathogenic tau may inflict other abnormalities such as amyloid beta accumulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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