1
|
Iyer PP, Prescott S, Addamane S, Jung H, Renteria E, Henshaw J, Mounce A, Luk TS, Mitrofanov O, Brener I. Control of Quantized Spontaneous Emission from Single GaAs Quantum Dots Embedded in Huygens' Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38620181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in photonic quantum information systems (QIS) have driven the development of high-brightness, on-demand, and indistinguishable semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) as single photon sources. Strain-free, monodisperse, and spatially sparse local-droplet-etched (LDE) QDs have recently been demonstrated as a superior alternative to traditional Stranski-Krastanov QDs. However, integration of LDE QDs into nanophotonic architectures with the ability to scale to many interacting QDs is yet to be demonstrated. We present a potential solution by embedding isolated LDE GaAs QDs within an Al0.4Ga0.6As Huygens' metasurface with spectrally overlapping fundamental electric and magnetic dipolar resonances. We demonstrate for the first time a position- and size-independent, 1 order of magnitude increase in the collection efficiency and emission lifetime control for single-photon emission from LDE QDs embedded within the Huygens' metasurfaces. Our results represent a significant step toward leveraging the advantages of LDE QDs within nanophotonic architectures to meet the scalability demands of photonic QIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad P Iyer
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Samuel Prescott
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Sadhvikas Addamane
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Hyunseung Jung
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Emma Renteria
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jacob Henshaw
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Andrew Mounce
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting S Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Oleg Mitrofanov
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Igal Brener
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma C, Yang J, Li P, Rugeramigabo EP, Zopf M, Ding F. Circular photonic crystal grating design for charge-tunable quantum light sources in the telecom C-band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14789-14800. [PMID: 38859415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Efficient generation of entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelengths is a key ingredient for long-range quantum networks. While embedding semiconductor quantum dots into hybrid circular Bragg gratings has proven effective, it conflicts with p-i-n diode heterostructures which offer superior coherence. We propose and analyze hybrid circular photonic crystal gratings, incorporating air holes to facilitate charge carrier transport without compromising optical properties. Through numerical simulations, a broad cavity mode with a Purcell factor of 23 enhancing both exciton and biexciton transitions, and exceptional collection efficiency of 92.4% into an objective with numerical aperture of 0.7 are achieved. Furthermore, our design demonstrates direct coupling efficiency over 90.5% into a single-mode fiber over the entire telecom C-band. The hybrid circular photonic crystal grating thereby emerges as a promising solution for the efficient generation of highly coherent, polarization-entangled photon pairs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu RZ, Qiao YK, Lachman L, Ge ZX, Chung TH, Zhao JY, Li H, You L, Filip R, Huo YH. Experimental Quantum Non-Gaussian Coincidences of Entangled Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:083601. [PMID: 38457704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Quantum non-Gaussianity, a more potent and highly useful form of nonclassicality, excludes all convex mixtures of Gaussian states and Gaussian parametric processes generating them. Here, for the first time, we conclusively test quantum non-Gaussian coincidences of entangled photon pairs with the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell factor S=2.328±0.004 from a single quantum dot with a depth up to 0.94±0.02 dB. Such deterministically generated photon pairs fundamentally overcome parametric processes by reducing crucial multiphoton errors. For the quantum non-Gaussian depth of the unheralded (heralded) single-photon state, we achieve the value of 8.08±0.05 dB (19.06±0.29 dB). Our Letter experimentally certifies the exclusive quantum non-Gaussianity properties highly relevant for optical sensing, communication, and computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Kun Qiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Lukáš Lachman
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zhen-Xuan Ge
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Tung-Hsun Chung
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Superconductor Integrated Circuit Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Superconductor Integrated Circuit Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Radim Filip
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mokhtari M, Khoshbakht S, Ziyaei K, Akbari ME, Moravveji SS. New classifications for quantum bioinformatics: Q-bioinformatics, QCt-bioinformatics, QCg-bioinformatics, and QCr-bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae074. [PMID: 38446742 PMCID: PMC10939336 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics has revolutionized biology and medicine by using computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data. Quantum mechanics has recently emerged as a promising tool for the analysis of biological systems, leading to the development of quantum bioinformatics. This new field employs the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms, and quantum computing to solve complex problems in molecular biology, drug design, and protein folding. However, the intersection of bioinformatics, biology, and quantum mechanics presents unique challenges. One significant challenge is the possibility of confusion among scientists between quantum bioinformatics and quantum biology, which have similar goals and concepts. Additionally, the diverse calculations in each field make it difficult to establish boundaries and identify purely quantum effects from other factors that may affect biological processes. This review provides an overview of the concepts of quantum biology and quantum mechanics and their intersection in quantum bioinformatics. We examine the challenges and unique features of this field and propose a classification of quantum bioinformatics to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and accelerate progress. By unlocking the full potential of quantum bioinformatics, this review aims to contribute to our understanding of quantum mechanics in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Samane Khoshbakht
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine-Cardiology, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Sayyed Sajjad Moravveji
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lubotzky B, Nazarov A, Abudayyeh H, Antoniuk L, Lettner N, Agafonov V, Bennett AV, Majumder S, Chandrasekaran V, Bowes EG, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA, Kubanek A, Rapaport R. Room-Temperature Fiber-Coupled Single-Photon Sources based on Colloidal Quantum Dots and SiV Centers in Back-Excited Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:640-648. [PMID: 38166209 PMCID: PMC11139382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate an important step toward on-chip integration of single-photon sources at room temperature. Excellent photon directionality is achieved with a hybrid metal-dielectric bullseye antenna, while back-excitation is permitted by placement of the emitter in a subwavelength hole positioned at its center. The unique design enables a direct back-excitation and very efficient front coupling of emission either to a low numerical aperture (NA) optics or directly to an optical fiber. To show the versatility of the concept, we fabricate devices containing either a colloidal quantum dot or a nanodiamond containing silicon-vacancy centers, which are accurately positioned using two different nanopositioning methods. Both of these back-excited devices display front collection efficiencies of ∼70% at NAs as low as 0.5. The combination of back-excitation with forward directionality enables direct coupling of the emitted photons into a proximal optical fiber without any coupling optics, thereby facilitating and simplifying future integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Lubotzky
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alexander Nazarov
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Hamza Abudayyeh
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lukas Antoniuk
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Lettner
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anastasia V. Bennett
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Eric G. Bowes
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander Kubanek
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chu Y, Guo Y, Zhao G. Room-temperature efficient photoluminescence mechanism of indium doping lead-free colloidal MA 3Bi 2Br 9 quantum dots solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123010. [PMID: 37478710 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices due to their excellent photonic and electronic properties. However, poor stability and toxicity problems limit their further development. This work demonstrates the doping tactics to boost the optical properties of lead-free colloidal MA3Bi2Br9 QDs, the indium ion (In3+) doping presented herein is found to be effective in improving the photoluminescence (PL) properties of MA3Bi2Br9 (CH3NH2 = MA) QDs without alerting their favorable electronic structure. It has been elucidated by microscopy and diffraction results that the In3+ doping optimizes the QDs solution octahedron structure, and the PL red-shifted phenomenon coincides well with the analogous red-shifted obtained in the ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, which is due to the quantum confinement effect. And the nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) spectroscopy elucidates that the enhanced radiative recombination process contributes to enhanced stability and luminescence. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of MA3Bi2Br9 QDs is increased by 60.7%. This work offers a valid strategy for improving the quality of the lead-free perovskite QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chu
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Yurong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seidel M, Yang Y, Schumacher T, Huo Y, Covre da Silva SF, Rodt S, Rastelli A, Reitzenstein S, Lippitz M. Intermediate Field Coupling of Single Epitaxial Quantum Dots to Plasmonic Waveguides. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10532-10537. [PMID: 37917860 PMCID: PMC10683061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Key requirements for quantum plasmonic nanocircuits are reliable single-photon sources, high coupling efficiency to the plasmonic structures, and low propagation losses. Self-assembled epitaxially grown GaAs quantum dots are close to ideal as stable, bright, and narrowband single-photon emitters. Likewise, wet-chemically grown monocrystalline silver nanowires are among the best plasmonic waveguides. However, large propagation losses of surface plasmons on the high-index GaAs substrate prevent their direct combination. Here, we show by experiment and simulation that the best overall performance of the quantum plasmonic nanocircuit based on these building blocks is achieved in the intermediate field regime with an additional spacer layer between the quantum dot and the plasmonic waveguide. High-resolution cathodoluminescence measurements allow a precise determination of the coupling distance and support a simple analytical model to explain the overall performance. The coupling efficiency is increased up to four times by standing wave interference near the end of the waveguide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidel
- Experimental
Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | | | - Yongheng Huo
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental
Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang B, Zhou S, Shi P, Cao B, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Kirilov Kasabov N. Biomolecule-Driven Two-Factor Authentication Strategy for Access Control of Molecular Devices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18178-18189. [PMID: 37703447 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise of DNA nanotechnology is promoting the development of molecular security devices and marking an essential change in information security technology, to one that can resist the threats resulting from the increase in computing power, brute force attempts, and quantum computing. However, developing a secure and reliable access control strategy to guarantee the confidentiality of molecular security devices is still a challenge. Here, a biomolecule-driven two-factor authentication strategy for access control of molecular devices is developed. Importantly, the two-factor is realized by applying the specificity and nicking properties of the nicking enzyme and the programmable design of the DNA sequence, endowing it with the characteristic of a one-time password. To demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy, an access control module is designed and integrated to further construct a role-based molecular access control device. By constructing a command library composed of three commands (Ca, Cb, Ca and Cb), the authorized access of three roles in the molecular device is realized, in which the command Ca corresponds to the authorization of role A, Cb corresponds to the authorization of role B, and Ca and Cb corresponds to the authorization of role C. In this way, when users access the device, they not only need the correct factor but also need to apply for role authorization in advance to obtain secret information. This strategy provides a highly robust method for the research on access control of molecular devices and lays the foundation for research on the next generation of information security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Shihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Peijun Shi
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ben Cao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nikola Kirilov Kasabov
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Intelligent Systems Research Center, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48, United Kingdom
- IICT, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1040, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tao Z, Abdukirim A, Dai C, Wu P, Mei H, Luo C, Feng Y, Rao R, Wei H, Ren Y. Does the degree of polarization of vector beams remain unchanged on atmospheric propagation? OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33679-33703. [PMID: 37859143 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
All roads lead to Rome. In this article we propose a novel theoretical framework to demonstrate vector beams whose degree of polarization does not change on atmospheric propagation. Inspired by the Fresnel equations, we derive the reflected and refracted field of vector beams propagating through a phase screen by employing the continuity of electromagnetic field. We generalize the conventional split-step beam propagation method by considering the vectorial properties in the vacuum diffraction and the refractive properties of a single phase screen. Based on this vectorial propagation model, we extensively calculate the change of degree of polarization (DOP) of vector beams under different beam parameters and turbulence parameters both in free-space and satellite-mediated links. Our result is that whatever in the free-space or satellite-mediated regime, the change of DOP mainly fluctuates around the order of 10-13 to 10-6, which is almost negligible.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang H, Kim NY. Material-Inherent Noise Sources in Quantum Information Architecture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2561. [PMID: 37048853 PMCID: PMC10094895 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
NISQ is a representative keyword at present as an acronym for "noisy intermediate-scale quantum", which identifies the current era of quantum information processing (QIP) technologies. QIP science and technologies aim to accomplish unprecedented performance in computation, communications, simulations, and sensing by exploiting the infinite capacity of parallelism, coherence, and entanglement as governing quantum mechanical principles. For the last several decades, quantum computing has reached to the technology readiness level 5, where components are integrated to build mid-sized commercial products. While this is a celebrated and triumphant achievement, we are still a great distance away from quantum-superior, fault-tolerant architecture. To reach this goal, we need to harness technologies that recognize undesirable factors to lower fidelity and induce errors from various sources of noise with controllable correction capabilities. This review surveys noisy processes arising from materials upon which several quantum architectures have been constructed, and it summarizes leading research activities in searching for origins of noise and noise reduction methods to build advanced, large-scale quantum technologies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HeeBong Yang
- Institute of Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Na Young Kim
- Institute of Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
On-chip generation and dynamic piezo-optomechanical rotation of single photons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6998. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntegrated photonic circuits are key components for photonic quantum technologies and for the implementation of chip-based quantum devices. Future applications demand flexible architectures to overcome common limitations of many current devices, for instance the lack of tuneabilty or built-in quantum light sources. Here, we report on a dynamically reconfigurable integrated photonic circuit comprising integrated quantum dots (QDs), a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers directly fabricated on a monolithic semiconductor platform. We demonstrate on-chip single photon generation by the QD and its sub-nanosecond dynamic on-chip control. Two independently applied SAWs piezo-optomechanically rotate the single photon in the MZI or spectrally modulate the QD emission wavelength. In the MZI, SAWs imprint a time-dependent optical phase and modulate the qubit rotation to the output superposition state. This enables dynamic single photon routing with frequencies exceeding one gigahertz. Finally, the combination of the dynamic single photon control and spectral tuning of the QD realizes wavelength multiplexing of the input photon state and demultiplexing it at the output. Our approach is scalable to multi-component integrated quantum photonic circuits and is compatible with hybrid photonic architectures and other key components for instance photonic resonators or on-chip detectors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Seidelmann T, Schimpf C, Bracht TK, Cosacchi M, Vagov A, Rastelli A, Reiter DE, Axt VM. Two-Photon Excitation Sets Limit to Entangled Photon Pair Generation from Quantum Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:193604. [PMID: 36399754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.193604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs are key to many novel applications in quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots can be used as sources of on-demand, highly entangled photons. The fidelity to a fixed maximally entangled state is limited by the excitonic fine-structure splitting. This work demonstrates that, even if this splitting is absent, the degree of entanglement cannot reach unity when the excitation pulse in a two-photon resonance scheme has a finite duration. The degradation of the entanglement has its origin in a dynamically induced splitting of the exciton states caused by the laser pulse itself. Hence, in the setting explored here, the excitation process limits the achievable concurrence for entangled photons generated in an optically excited four-level quantum emitter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Seidelmann
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C Schimpf
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - T K Bracht
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Cosacchi
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Vagov
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - D E Reiter
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schwab J, Weber K, Drozella J, Jimenez C, Herkommer A, Bremer L, Reitzenstein S, Giessen H. Coupling light emission of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers: mode matching, coupling efficiencies, and thermo-optical effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32292-32305. [PMID: 36242294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the coupling efficiency of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers using 3D printed micro-optical lens designs. Using the wave propagation method, we optimize lens systems for two different quantum light sources and assess the results in terms of maximum coupling efficiencies, misalignment effects, and thermo-optical influences. Thereby, we compare singlet lens designs with one lens printed onto the fiber with doublet lens designs with an additional lens printed onto the semiconductor substrate. The single-photon sources are quantum dots based on microlenses and circular Bragg grating cavities at 930 nm and 1550 nm, respectively.
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh R, Dutta M, Stroscio MA. Role of Confined Optical Phonons in Exciton Generation in Spherical Quantum Dot. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5545. [PMID: 36013681 PMCID: PMC9415422 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical control of excitonic states in semiconducting quantum dots has enabled it to be deployed as a qubit for quantum information processing. For self-assembled quantum dots, these excitonic states couple with phonons in the barrier material, for which the previous studies have shown that such exciton-phonon coupling can also lead to the generation of exciton, paving the way for their deployment in qubit-state preparation. Previous studies on self-assembled quantum dots comprising polar materials have considered exciton-phonon coupling by treating phonon modes as bulk acoustic modes only, owing to nearly the same acoustic property of the dot and barrier material. However, the dimensional confinement leads to significant modification phonon modes, even though acoustic confinement is weak but optical confinement cannot be overlooked. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the exciton-optical phonon coupling using dielectric continuum model duly accounting for the dimensional confinement leading to exciton generation. We report that at low temperatures (below 10 K), the exciton creation rate attributed to confined optical phonon is approximately 5.7 times (~6) slower than bulk acoustic phonons, which cannot be ignored, and it should be accounted for in determining the effective phonon assisted exciton creation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramji Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mitra Dutta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Michael A. Stroscio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu CY, Pan JW. Quantum-dot single-photon sources for the quantum internet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1294-1296. [PMID: 34887534 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|