1
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Shi S, Cao T, Xi H, Niu J, Jing X, Su H, Yu X, Yang P, Wu Y, Yan X, Tian H, Tsymbal EY, Chen J. Stabilizing the Ferroelectric Phase of Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2} Thin Films by Charge Transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:036202. [PMID: 39094151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.036202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted significant interest due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology (CMOS). Achieving and stabilizing the metastable ferroelectric phase in these films is crucial for their application in ferroelectric devices. Recent research efforts have concentrated on the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in hafnia-based films and delving into the mechanisms responsible for this stability. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2} (HZO) can be controlled by the interfacial charge transfer and the associated hole doping of HZO. Using the meticulously engineered charge transfer between an La_{1-x}Sr_{x}MnO_{3} buffer layer with variable Sr concentration x and an HZO film, we find the optimal x=0.33 that provides the required hole doping of HZO to most efficiently stabilize its ferroelectric phase. Our theoretical modeling reveals that the competition of the hole distribution between the threefold and fourfold coordinated oxygen sites in HZO controls the enhancement or reduction of the ferroelectric phase. Our findings offer a novel strategy to stabilize the ferroelectric phase of hafnia-based films and provide new insights into the development of ferroelectric devices compatible with CMOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haolong Xi
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - He Tian
- Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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2
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Maznichenko IV, Ostanin S, Maryenko D, Dugaev VK, Sherman EY, Buczek P, Mertig I, Kawasaki M, Ernst A. Emerging Two-Dimensional Conductivity at the Interface between Mott and Band Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:216201. [PMID: 38856292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.216201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Intriguingly, conducting perovskite interfaces between ordinary band insulators are widely explored, whereas similar interfaces with Mott insulators are still not quite understood. Here, we address the (001), (110), and (111) interfaces between the LaTiO_{3} Mott, and large band gap KTaO_{3} insulators. Based on first-principles calculations, we reveal a mechanism of interfacial conductivity, which is distinct from a formerly studied one applicable to interfaces between polar wideband insulators. Here, the key factor causing conductivity is the matching of oxygen octahedra tilting in KTaO_{3} and LaTiO_{3} which, due to a small gap in the LaTiO_{3} results in its sensitivity to the crystal structure, yields metallization of its overlayer and following charge transfer from Ti to Ta. Our findings, also applicable to other Mott insulators interfaces, shed light on the emergence of conductivity observed in LaTiO_{3}/KTaO_{3} (110) where the "polar" arguments are not applicable and on the emergence of superconductivity in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Maznichenko
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ostanin
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - D Maryenko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - V K Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - E Ya Sherman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48080, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - P Buczek
- Department of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Berliner Tor 7, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Mertig
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - M Kawasaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - A Ernst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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3
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Liu C, Yu W, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang Z, Li C, Liang L, Chen K, Liu L, Li T, Yu X, Wang Y, Gao P. Fluorinated Polyimide Tunneling Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402904. [PMID: 38527959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), challenges remain in terms of finding effective and viable strategies to enhance their long-term stability while maintaining high efficiency. In this study, a new insulating and hydrophobic fluorinated polyimide (FPI: 6FDA-6FAPB) was used as the interface layer between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs. The functional groups of FPI play a pivotal role in passivating interface defects within the device. Due to its high work function, FPI demonstrates field-effect passivation (FEP) capabilities as an interface layer, effectively mitigating non-radiative recombination at the interface. Notably, the FPI insulating interface layer does not impede carrier transmission at the interface, which is attributed to the presence of hole tunneling effects. The optimized PSCs achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.61 % and demonstrate excellent stability, showcasing the efficacy of FPI in enhancing device performance and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Liu
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Can Wang
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chi Li
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kangcheng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Tinghao Li
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xuteng Yu
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institution CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Li X, Liu J, Huang J, Huang B, Li L, Li Y, Hu W, Li C, Ali S, Yang T, Xue F, Han Z, Tang YL, Hu W, Zhang Z. Epitaxial Strain Enhanced Ferroelectric Polarization toward a Giant Tunneling Electroresistance. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7989-8001. [PMID: 38438318 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A substantial ferroelectric polarization is the key for designing high-performance ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. As a promising candidate system, the BaTiO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (BTO/LSMO) ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructure has attracted a lot of attention thanks to the merits of high Curie temperature, large spin polarization, and low ferroelectric coercivity. Nevertheless, the BTO/LSMO heterostructure suffers from a moderate FE polarization, primarily due to the quick film-thickness-driven strain relaxation. In response to this challenge, we propose an approach for enhancing the FE properties of BTO films by using a Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) buffering layer to mitigate the interfacial strain relaxation. The continuously tunable strain allows us to illustrate the linear dependence of polarization on epitaxial strain with a large strain-sensitive coefficient of ∼27 μC/cm2 per percent strain. This results in a giant polarization of ∼80 μC/cm2 on the BTO/LSMO interface. Leveraging this large polarization, we achieved a giant tunneling electroresistance (TER) of ∼105 in SAO-buffered Pt/BTO/LSMO ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). Our research uncovers the fundamental interplay between strain, polarization magnitude, and device performance, such as on/off ratio, thereby advancing the potential of FTJs for next-generation information storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianqi Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Biaohong Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changji Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Energy, Water, and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teng Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Xue
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Zheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weijin Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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5
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Hu Y, Rogée L, Wang W, Zhuang L, Shi F, Dong H, Cai S, Tay BK, Lau SP. Extendable piezo/ferroelectricity in nonstoichiometric 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8470. [PMID: 38123543 PMCID: PMC10733392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering piezo/ferroelectricity in two-dimensional materials holds significant implications for advancing the manufacture of state-of-the-art multifunctional materials. The inborn nonstoichiometric propensity of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides provides a spiffy ready-available solution for breaking inversion centrosymmetry, thereby conducing to circumvent size effect challenges in conventional perovskite oxide ferroelectrics. Here, we show the extendable and ubiquitous piezo/ferroelectricity within nonstoichiometric two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides that are predominantly centrosymmetric during standard stoichiometric cases. The emerged piezo/ferroelectric traits are aroused from the sliding of van der Waals layers and displacement of interlayer metal atoms triggered by the Frankel defects of heterogeneous interlayer native metal atom intercalation. We demonstrate two-dimensional chromium selenides nanogenerator and iron tellurides ferroelectric multilevel memristors as two representative applications. This innovative approach to engineering piezo/ferroelectricity in ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides may provide a potential avenue to consolidate piezo/ferroelectricity with featured two-dimensional materials to fabricate multifunctional materials and distinguished multiferroic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
- Centre for Micro- and Nano-Electronics (CMNE), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 638798, Singapore
| | - Lukas Rogée
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Lyuchao Zhuang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Fangyi Shi
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Beng Kang Tay
- Centre for Micro- and Nano-Electronics (CMNE), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 638798, Singapore
- IRL 3288 CINTRA (CNRS-NTU-THALES Research Alliances), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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6
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Vu NTT, Loh L, Chen Y, Wu Q, Verzhbitskiy IA, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bosman M, Ang YS, Ang LK, Trushin M, Eda G. Single Atomic Defect Conductivity for Selective Dilute Impurity Imaging in 2D Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15648-15655. [PMID: 37565985 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlled impurity doping is of fundamental significance in modern semiconductor technologies. Desired physical properties are often achieved at impurity concentrations well below parts per million level. For emergent two-dimensional semiconductors, development of reliable doping strategies is hindered by the inherent difficulty in identifying and quantifying impurities in such a dilute limit where the absolute number of atoms to be detected is insufficient for common analytical techniques. Here we report rapid high-contrast imaging of dilute single atomic impurities by using conductive atomic force microscopy. We show that the local conductivity is enhanced by more than 100-fold by a single impurity atom due to resonance-assisted tunneling. Unlike the closely related scanning tunneling microscopy, the local conductivity sensitively depends on the impurity energy level, allowing minority defects to be selectively imaged. We further demonstrate subsurface impurity detection with single monolayer depth resolution in multilayer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Thanh Trung Vu
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Leyi Loh
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuan Chen
- Chemistry Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Centre for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michel Bosman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Maxim Trushin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Goki Eda
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Chemistry Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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7
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Kaiser K, Lieske LA, Repp J, Gross L. Charge-state lifetimes of single molecules on few monolayers of NaCl. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4988. [PMID: 37591847 PMCID: PMC10435478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular tunnel junctions, where the molecule is decoupled from the electrodes by few-monolayers-thin insulating layers, resonant charge transport takes place by sequential charge transfer to and from the molecule which implies transient charging of the molecule. The corresponding charge state transitions, which involve tunneling through the insulating decoupling layers, are crucial for understanding electrically driven processes such as electroluminescence or photocurrent generation in such a geometry. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the decharging of single ZnPc and H2Pc molecules through NaCl films of 3 to 5 monolayers thickness on Cu(111) and Au(111). To this end, we approach the tip to the molecule at resonant tunnel conditions up to a regime where charge transport is limited by tunneling through the NaCl film. The resulting saturation of the tunnel current is a direct measure of the lifetimes of the anionic and cationic states, i.e., the molecule's charge-state lifetime, and thus provides a means to study charge dynamics and, thereby, exciton dynamics. Comparison of anion and cation lifetimes on different substrates reveals the critical role of the level alignment with the insulator's conduction and valence band, and the metal-insulator interface state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kaiser
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Jascha Repp
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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8
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Shi S, Xi H, Cao T, Lin W, Liu Z, Niu J, Lan D, Zhou C, Cao J, Su H, Zhao T, Yang P, Zhu Y, Yan X, Tsymbal EY, Tian H, Chen J. Interface-engineered ferroelectricity of epitaxial Hf 0.5Zr 0.5O 2 thin films. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1780. [PMID: 36997572 PMCID: PMC10063548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted intense attention due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. However, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is thermodynamically metastable. Various efforts have been made to stabilize the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of hafnia-based films such as controlling the growth kinetics and mechanical confinement. Here, we demonstrate a key interface engineering strategy to stabilize and enhance the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film by deliberately controlling the termination of the bottom La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 layer. We find that the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films on the MnO2-terminated La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 have more ferroelectric orthorhombic phase than those on the LaSrO-terminated La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, while with no wake-up effect. Even though the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thickness is as thin as 1.5 nm, the clear ferroelectric orthorhombic (111) orientation is observed on the MnO2 termination. Our transmission electron microscopy characterization and theoretical modelling reveal that reconstruction at the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 interface and hole doping of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer resulting from the MnO2 interface termination are responsible for the stabilization of the metastable ferroelectric phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. We anticipate that these results will inspire further studies of interface-engineered hafnia-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haolong Xi
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tengfei Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0299, USA
| | - Weinan Lin
- Department of physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhongran Liu
- Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiangzhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China
| | - Da Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chenghang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Cao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanxin Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tieyang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, 117603, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Zhu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaobing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, PR China.
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0299, USA.
| | - He Tian
- Center of Electron Microscope, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Yang Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Wang G, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Xian J, Li T, Pu Y, Zhou W, Xiang G. Two novel and efficient plant composites for the degradation of oxytetracycline: nanoscale ferrous sulphide supported on rape straw waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63545-63559. [PMID: 35461415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a biomass waste, rape straw shows a good application prospect in heterogeneous catalyst preparation due to its low-cost and stable structure. In this study, FeS-modified rape straw (RS-FeS) and its biochar (RSBC-FeS) were firstly synthesized to remove oxytetracycline (OTC). The highest OTC removal capacities observed for RS-FeS and RSBC-FeS were 635.66 and 827.80 mg g-1. When compared with the adsorption process, the degradation ratios of the total OTC removal capacity observed in the RS-FeS/H2O2 and RSBC-FeS/H2O2 systems were 70.14 and 79.35%. Degradation was the dominant process observed during the removal of OTC. Both radical (SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-) and non-radical (1O2 and Ov) pathways were involved in the degradation process. OTC was degraded into smaller molecules via hydroxylation, dehydration, quinonization, demethylation, decarbonylation, alcohol oxidation, and ring cleavage reaction, indicating two catalysts could efficiently mineralize organic pollutants. The highest total organic carbon removal efficiencies of observed for RS-FeS and RSBC-FeS in swine wastewater were 88.93 and 96.81%, respectively. In addition, OTC removal efficiency of RS-FeS was more than 80% in successive experiments, further suggesting the feasibility of rape straw to Fenton-like catalysts. In this study, FeS nanoparticles were directly loaded on rape straw for the first time. Compared with biochar, FeS-modified rape straw can also degrade OTC efficiently, which provides an eco-friendly, high-efficient, and sustainable strategy for the preparation of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junren Xian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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10
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Ma Z, Zhang Q, Tao L, Wang Y, Sando D, Zhou J, Guo Y, Lord M, Zhou P, Ruan Y, Wang Z, Hamilton A, Gruverman A, Tsymbal EY, Zhang T, Valanoor N. A Room-Temperature Ferroelectric Resonant Tunneling Diode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205359. [PMID: 35801685 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resonant tunneling is a quantum-mechanical effect in which electron transport is controlled by the discrete energy levels within a quantum-well (QW) structure. A ferroelectric resonant tunneling diode (RTD) exploits the switchable electric polarization state of the QW barrier to tune the device resistance. Here, the discovery of robust room-temperature ferroelectric-modulated resonant tunneling and negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviors in all-perovskite-oxide BaTiO3 /SrRuO3 /BaTiO3 QW structures is reported. The resonant current amplitude and voltage are tunable by the switchable polarization of the BaTiO3 ferroelectric with the NDR ratio modulated by ≈3 orders of magnitude and an OFF/ON resistance ratio exceeding a factor of 2 × 104 . The observed NDR effect is explained an energy bandgap between Ru-t2g and Ru-eg orbitals driven by electron-electron correlations, as follows from density functional theory calculations. This study paves the way for ferroelectric-based quantum-tunneling devices in future oxide electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Lingling Tao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Yihao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Sando
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jinling Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yizhong Guo
- Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Michael Lord
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Peng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Alex Hamilton
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Tianjin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Nagarajan Valanoor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Future Low Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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11
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Dlugosch JM, Seim H, Bora A, Kamiyama T, Lieberman I, May F, Müller-Plathe F, Nefedov A, Prasad S, Resch S, Saller K, Seim C, Speckbacher M, Voges F, Tornow M, Kirsch P. Conductance Switching in Liquid Crystal-Inspired Self-Assembled Monolayer Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31044-31053. [PMID: 35776551 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the prototype of a ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ), which is based on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of small, functional molecules. These molecules have a structure similar to those of liquid crystals, and they are embedded between two solid-state electrodes. The SAM, which is deposited through a short sequence of simple fabrication steps, is extremely thin (3.4 ± 0.5 nm) and highly uniform. The functionality of the FTJ is ingrained in the chemical structure of the SAM components: a conformationally flexible dipole that can be reversibly reoriented in an electrical field. Thus, the SAM acts as an electrically switchable tunnel barrier. Fabricated stacks of Al/Al2O3/SAM/Pb/Ag with such a polar SAM show pronounced hysteretic, reversible conductance switching at voltages in the range of ±2-3 V, with a conductance ratio of the low and the high resistive states of up to 100. The switching mechanism is analyzed using a combination of quantum chemical, molecular dynamics, and tunneling resistance calculation methods. In contrast to more common, inorganic material-based FTJs, our approach using SAMs of small organic molecules allows for a high degree of functional complexity and diversity to be integrated by synthetic standard methods, while keeping the actual device fabrication process robust and simple. We expect that this technology can be further developed toward a level that would then allow its application in the field of information storage and processing, in particular for in-memory and neuromorphic computing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Dlugosch
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Henning Seim
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achyut Bora
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takuya Kamiyama
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Itai Lieberman
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Falk May
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Saurav Prasad
- Eduard-Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Resch
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kai Saller
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Seim
- Xploraytion GmbH, Bismarckstraße 10-12, 10625 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Speckbacher
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Voges
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marc Tornow
- Molecular Electronics, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT), Hansastraße 27d, 80686 München, Germany
| | - Peer Kirsch
- Electronics R&D, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64297 Darmstadt, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Chen Y, Tang Z, Dai M, Luo X, Zheng Y. Giant magnetoresistance and tunneling electroresistance in multiferroic tunnel junctions with 2D ferroelectrics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8849-8857. [PMID: 35695845 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic tunneling junctions (MFTJs), composed of two magnetic electrodes separated by an ultrathin ferroelectric (FE) thin film as a barrier, have received great attention in multi-functional devices. Recent theoretical and experimental works have revealed that ferroelectric polarization exists at room temperature in two-dimensional ferroelectric (2D FE) materials within the ultrathin thickness. Here we propose a novel MFTJ Ni/bilayer In2Se3/BN/Ni, in which the resistance of the tunneling spin polarization electrons can be modulated by different magnetization alignments of the electrode and electric polarization direction of the 2D FE In2Se3 layer, leading to multiple tunneling resistance states. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and electroresistance (TER) of MFTJs are enhanced by the inserted h-BN layer, achieving an ON/OFF TER ratio of 4188% as well as a TMR ratio of 581% with a much lower resistance area. The giant tunneling resistance ratio, multiple resistance states, and ultra-low energy consumption in 2D FE-based MFTJs suggest their great potential in non-destructive non-volatile memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minzhi Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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13
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Yang J, Zhou J, Lu J, Luo Z, Yang J, Shen L. Giant tunnelling electroresistance through 2D sliding ferroelectric materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1422-1430. [PMID: 35343989 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Very recently, ferroelectric polarization in staggered bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (BBN) and its novel sliding inversion mechanism were reported experimentally (Science2021, 372, 1458; 2021, 372, 1462), which paved a new way to realizing van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric devices with new functionalities. Here, we develop vdW sliding ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) using the sliding ferroelectric BBN unit as an ultrathin barrier and explore their transport properties with different ferroelectric states and metal contacts via first principles. It is found that the electrode/BBN contact electric field quenches the ferroelectricity in the staggered BBN, resulting in a very small tunnelling electroresistance (TER). Inserting high-mobility 2D materials between Au and BN can restore the BBN ferroelectricity, reaching a giant TER of ∼10 000% in sliding FTJs. We finally investigate the metal-contact and thickness effect on the tunnelling property of sliding FTJs. The giant TER and multiple non-volatile resistance states in vdW sliding FTJs show promising applications in voltage-controlled nano-memories with ultrahigh storage density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MEMD), Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, P. R. China
| | - Zhaochu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL-MEMD), Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.
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14
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Yang CD, Han SY. Tunneling Quantum Dynamics in Ammonia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158282. [PMID: 34361046 PMCID: PMC8348077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is a well-known example of a two-state system and must be described in quantum-mechanical terms. In this article, we will explain the tunneling phenomenon that occurs in ammonia molecules from the perspective of trajectory-based quantum dynamics, rather than the usual quantum probability perspective. The tunneling of the nitrogen atom through the potential barrier in ammonia is not merely a probability problem; there are underlying reasons and mechanisms explaining why and how the tunneling in ammonia can happen. Under the framework of quantum Hamilton mechanics, the tunneling motion of the nitrogen atom in ammonia can be described deterministically in terms of the quantum trajectories of the nitrogen atom and the quantum forces applied. The vibrations of the nitrogen atom about its two equilibrium positions are analyzed in terms of its quantum trajectories, which are solved from the Hamilton equations of motion. The vibration periods are then computed by the quantum trajectories and compared with the experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciann-Dong Yang
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shiang-Yi Han
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
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