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Wang Q, Tao C, Wu Y, Anderson KE, Hannan A, Lin CS, Hawkins P, Stephens L, Zhang X. Phospholipase Cγ regulates lacrimal gland branching by competing with PI3K in phosphoinositide metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601066. [PMID: 39005344 PMCID: PMC11244885 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Although the regulation of branching morphogenesis by spatially distributed cues is well established, the role of intracellular signaling in determining the branching pattern remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation and function of phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) in Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling in lacrimal gland development. We showed that deletion of PLCγ1 in the lacrimal gland epithelium leads to ectopic branching and acinar hyperplasia, which was phenocopied by either mutating the PLCγ1 binding site on Fgfr2 or disabling any of its SH2 domains. PLCγ1 inactivation did not change the level of Fgfr2 or affect MAPK signaling, but instead led to sustained AKT phosphorylation due to increased PIP3 production. Consistent with this, PLCγ1 mutant phenotype can be reproduced by elevation of PI3K signaling in Pten knockout and attenuated by blocking AKT signaling. This study demonstrated that PLCγ modulates PI3K signaling by shifting phosphoinositide metabolism, revealing an important role of signaling dynamics in conjunction with spatial cues in shaping branching morphogenesis.
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Hannan A, Wang Q, Wu Y, Makrides N, Qu X, Mao J, Que J, Cardoso W, Zhang X. Crk mediates Csk-Hippo signaling independently of Yap tyrosine phosphorylation to induce cell extrusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601065. [PMID: 39005335 PMCID: PMC11244872 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs), including Src, Fyn and Yes, play important roles in development and cancer. Despite being first discovered as the Yes-associated protein, the regulation of Yap by SFKs remains poorly understood. Here, through single-cell analysis and genetic lineage tracing, we show that the pan-epithelial ablation of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) in the lacrimal gland unleashes broad Src signaling but specifically causes extrusion and apoptosis of acinar progenitors at a time when they are shielded by myoepithelial cells from the basement membrane. Csk mutants can be phenocopied by constitutively active Yap and rescued by deleting Yap or Taz, indicating a significant functional overlap between Src and Yap signaling. Although Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation has long been believed to regulate Yap activity, we find that mutating these tyrosine residues in both Yap and Taz fails to perturb mouse development or alleviate the Csk lacrimal gland phenotype. In contrast, Yap loses Hippo signaling-dependent serine phosphorylation and translocates into the nucleus in Csk mutants. Further chemical genetics studies demonstrate that acute inhibition of Csk enhances Crk/CrkL phosphorylation and Rac1 activity, whereas removing Crk/CrkL or Rac1/Rap1 ameliorates the Csk mutant phenotype. These results show that Src controls Hippo-Yap signaling through the Crk/CrkL-Rac/Rap axis to promote cell extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hannan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Neoklis Makrides
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiuxia Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wellington Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Wang B, Li Z, An W, Fan G, Li D, Qin L. Duct ligation/de-ligation model: exploring mechanisms for salivary gland injury and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1399934. [PMID: 38983787 PMCID: PMC11231214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1399934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis and sialadenitis-induced sialopathy are typically caused by obstruction of the salivary gland ducts. Atrophy of the salivary glands in experimental animals caused by duct ligation exhibits a histopathology similar to that of salivary gland sialadenitis. Therefore, a variety of duct ligation/de-ligation models have been commonly employed to study salivary gland injury and regeneration. Duct ligation is mainly characterised by apoptosis and activation of different signaling pathways in parenchymal cells, which eventually leads to gland atrophy and progressive dysfunction. By contrast, duct de-ligation can initiate the recovery of gland structure and function by regenerating the secretory tissue. This review summarizes the animal duct ligation/de-ligation models that have been used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders, in order to unravel the pathological changes and underlying mechanisms involved in salivary gland injury and regeneration. These experimental models have contributed to developing effective and curative strategies for gland dysfunction and providing plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaiping Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rapid Screening for High Expressing Multicopy Recombinants and Enhanced Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Protein Production Using Pichia Pastoris. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Makrides N, Wang Q, Tao C, Schwartz S, Zhang X. Jack of all trades, master of each: the diversity of fibroblast growth factor signalling in eye development. Open Biol 2022; 12:210265. [PMID: 35016551 PMCID: PMC8753161 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A central question in development biology is how a limited set of signalling pathways can instruct unlimited diversity of multicellular organisms. In this review, we use three ocular tissues as models of increasing complexity to present the astounding versatility of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. In the lacrimal gland, we highlight the specificity of FGF signalling in a one-dimensional model of budding morphogenesis. In the lens, we showcase the dynamics of FGF signalling in altering functional outcomes in a two-dimensional space. In the retina, we present the prolific utilization of FGF signalling from three-dimensional development to homeostasis. These examples not only shed light on the cellular basis for the perfection and complexity of ocular development, but also serve as paradigms for the diversity of FGF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis Makrides
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenqi Tao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Schwartz
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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