1
|
He M, Jiang H, Li S, Xue M, Wang H, Zheng C, Tong J. The crosstalk between DNA-damage responses and innate immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112768. [PMID: 39088918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is typically caused during cell growth by DNA replication stress or exposure to endogenous or external toxins. The accumulation of damaged DNA causes genomic instability, which is the root cause of many serious disorders. Multiple cellular organisms utilize sophisticated signaling pathways against DNA damage, collectively known as DNA damage response (DDR) networks. Innate immune responses are activated following cellular abnormalities, including DNA damage. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that there is an intimate relationship between the DDR network and innate immune responses. Diverse kinds of cytosolic DNA sensors, such as cGAS and STING, recognize damaged DNA and induce signals related to innate immune responses, which link defective DDR to innate immunity. Moreover, DDR components operate in immune signaling pathways to induce IFNs and/or a cascade of inflammatory cytokines via direct interactions with innate immune modulators. Consistently, defective DDR factors exacerbate the innate immune imbalance, resulting in severe diseases, including autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis. Here, the latest progress in understanding crosstalk between the DDR network and innate immune responses is reviewed. Notably, the dual function of innate immune modulators in the DDR network may provide novel insights into understanding and developing targeted immunotherapies for DNA damage-related diseases, even carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jie Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian W, Ye J, Xia S. DNA sensing of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1391046. [PMID: 38841190 PMCID: PMC11150630 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1391046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against malignant cells by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). According to recent studies, tumor cell-derived DNA molecules act as DAMPs and are recognized by DNA sensors in DCs. Once identified by sensors in DCs, these DNA molecules trigger multiple signaling cascades to promote various cytokines secretion, including type I IFN, and then to induce DCs mediated antitumor immunity. As one of the potential attractive strategies for cancer therapy, various agonists targeting DNA sensors are extensively explored including the combination with other cancer immunotherapies or the direct usage as major components of cancer vaccines. Moreover, this review highlights different mechanisms through which tumor-derived DNA initiates DCs activation and the mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment regulates DNA sensing of DCs to promote tumor immune escape. The contributions of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy to the DNA sensing of DCs are also discussed. Finally, recent clinical progress in tumor therapy utilizing agonist-targeted DNA sensors is summarized. Indeed, understanding more about DNA sensing in DCs will help to understand more about tumor immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of DC-targeted treatment in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia T, Xia Z, Tang P, Fan J, Peng X. Light-Driven Mitochondrion-to-Nucleus DNA Cascade Fluorescence Imaging and Enhanced Cancer Cell Photoablation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12941-12949. [PMID: 38685727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are mainly found in the mitochondria and nuclei of cells. Detecting nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and nucleus in cascade mode is crucial for understanding diverse biological processes. This study introduces a novel nucleic acid-based fluorescent styrene dye (SPP) that exhibits light-driven cascade migration from the mitochondrion to the nucleus. By introducing N-arylpyridine on one side of the styrene dye skeleton and a bis(2-ethylsulfanyl-ethy)-amino unit on the other side, we found that SPP exhibits excellent DNA specificity (16-fold, FDNA/Ffree) and a stronger binding force to nuclear DNA (-5.09 kcal/mol) than to mitochondrial DNA (-2.59 kcal/mol). SPP initially accumulates in the mitochondrion and then migrates to the nucleus within 10 s under light irradiation. By tracking the damage to nucleic acids in apoptotic cells, SPP allows the successful visualization of the differences between apoptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, a triphenylamine segment with photodynamic effects was incorporated into SPP to form a photosensitizer (MTPA-SPP), which targets the mitochondria for photosensitization and then migrates to the nucleus under light irradiation for enhanced photodynamic cancer cell treatment. This innovative nucleic acid-based fluorescent molecule with light-triggered mitochondrion-to-nucleus migration ability provides a feasible approach for the in situ identification of nucleic acids, monitoring of subcellular physiological events, and efficient photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhuoran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peichen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tong J, Song J, Zhang W, Zhai J, Guan Q, Wang H, Liu G, Zheng C. When DNA-damage responses meet innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:185. [PMID: 38630271 PMCID: PMC11023972 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
When cells proliferate, stress on DNA replication or exposure to endogenous or external insults frequently results in DNA damage. DNA-Damage Response (DDR) networks are complex signaling pathways used by multicellular organisms to prevent DNA damage. Depending on the type of broken DNA, the various pathways, Base-Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), Mismatch Repair (MMR), Homologous Recombination (HR), Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ), Interstrand Crosslink (ICL) repair, and other direct repair pathways, can be activated separately or in combination to repair DNA damage. To preserve homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses are effective defenses against endogenous mutation or invasion by external pathogens. It is interesting to note that new research keeps showing how closely DDR components and the immune system are related. DDR and immunological response are linked by immune effectors such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. These effectors act as sensors of DNA damage-caused immune response. Furthermore, DDR components themselves function in immune responses to trigger the generation of inflammatory cytokines in a cascade or even trigger programmed cell death. Defective DDR components are known to disrupt genomic stability and compromise immunological responses, aggravating immune imbalance and leading to serious diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. This study examines the most recent developments in the interaction between DDR elements and immunological responses. The DDR network's immune modulators' dual roles may offer new perspectives on treating infectious disorders linked to DNA damage, including cancer, and on the development of target immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tong
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Qingli Guan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA 80th Group Army, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gentao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University & Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20000, China.
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Ma W, Yue S, Li D, Chen L, Zhang C, Guan Y, Li C, Jiang C, Liao G, Liang C, Wang H, Tai S. Dual deficiency of melatonin and dihydrotestosterone promotes stromal cell damage and mediates prostatitis via the cGAS-STING pathway in sleep-deprived mice. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:183. [PMID: 38491517 PMCID: PMC10941623 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostatitis is a highly prevalent condition that seriously affects men's physical and mental health. Although epidemiological investigations have provided evidence of a correlation between insufficient sleep and prostatitis, the pathogenesis of prostatitis remains unclear. We sought to identify the underlying mechanism involved and identify a promising therapeutic target. METHODS Sleep deprivation (SD) was utilized to establish a mouse model of insufficient sleep in a special device. Prostatitis was observed at different time points post-SD. The degree of prostatitis was evaluated by pathological section and behavioural tests. Using immunofluorescence, western blot, and proteomic analyses, the underlying mechanism of SD-related prostatitis was investigated, and the development and therapeutic target of prostatitis were elucidated. RESULTS SD, as an initial pathological trigger, resulted in a reduction in dihydrotestosterone and melatonin levels. Proteomic analysis revealed that the cGAS-STING pathway may play a significant role in inducing prostatitis. The subsequent results illustrated that the dual reduction in dihydrotestosterone and melatonin led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the release of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA). The accumulation of mt-DNA activated the cGAS-STING pathway, which recruited inflammatory cells into the prostatic stroma through the secretion of interferon-β. Consequently, an inflammatory microenvironment was formed, ultimately promoting the development of prostatitis. Notably, mice with SD-induced prostatitis gradually recovered to a normal state within 7 days of recovery sleep. However, after being subjected to SD again, these mice tended to have a more pronounced manifestation of prostatitis within a shorter timeframe, which suggested that prostatitis is prone to relapse. CONCLUSIONS The cGAS-STING pathway activated by dual deficiency of dihydrotestosterone and melatonin plays a comprehensive inflammatory role in SD-related prostatitis. This research provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis, therapeutic targets, and prevention strategies of prostatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyu Yue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Changqin Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Guiyi Liao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China.
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Hefei, 230022, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He W, Mu X, Wu X, Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Han F, Nie X. The cGAS-STING pathway: a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad050. [PMID: 38312740 PMCID: PMC10838060 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing (DWH) represents a major complication of diabetes where inflammation is a key impediment to proper healing. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a central mediator of inflammatory responses to cell stress and damage. However, the contribution of cGAS-STING activation to impaired healing in DWH remains understudied. In this review, we examine the evidence that cGAS-STING-driven inflammation is a critical factor underlying defective DWH. We summarize studies revealing upregulation of the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic wounds and discuss how this exacerbates inflammation and senescence and disrupts cellular metabolism to block healing. Partial pharmaceutical inhibition of cGAS-STING has shown promise in damping inflammation and improving DWH in preclinical models. We highlight key knowledge gaps regarding cGAS-STING in DWH, including its relationships with endoplasmic reticulum stress and metal-ion signaling. Elucidating these mechanisms may unveil new therapeutic targets within the cGAS-STING pathway to improve healing outcomes in DWH. This review synthesizes current understanding of how cGAS-STING activation contributes to DWH pathology and proposes future research directions to exploit modulation of this pathway for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou S, Wang B, Yi K, Su D, Chen Y, Li N, Geng Q. The critical roles of STING in mitochondrial homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115938. [PMID: 38086488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial signaling hub in the immune system's antiviral and antimicrobial defense by detecting exogenous and endogenous DNA. The multifaceted functions of STING have been uncovered gradually during past decades, including homeostasis maintenance and overfull immunity or inflammation induction. However, the subcellular regulation of STING and mitochondria is poorly understood. The main functions of STING are outlined in this review. Moreover, we discuss how mitochondria and STING interact through multiple mechanisms, including the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), modulation of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and mitochondrial dynamics, alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondria-related cell death. Finally, we discuss how STING is crucial to disease development, providing a novel perspective on its role in cellular physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Dandan Su
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Yukai Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Altshuller M, He X, MacKrell EJ, Wernke KM, Wong JWH, Sellés-Baiget S, Wang TY, Chou TF, Duxin JP, Balskus EP, Herzon SB, Semlow DR. The Fanconi anemia pathway repairs colibactin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.576698. [PMID: 38352618 PMCID: PMC10862771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.576698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Colibactin is a secondary metabolite produced by bacteria present in the human gut and is implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. This genotoxin alkylates deoxyadenosines on opposite strands of host cell DNA to produce DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) that block DNA replication. While cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to resolve ("unhook") ICLs encountered by the replication machinery, little is known about which of these pathways promote resistance to colibactin-induced ICLs. Here, we use Xenopus egg extracts to investigate replication-coupled repair of plasmids engineered to contain site-specific colibactin-ICLs. We show that replication fork stalling at a colibactin-ICL leads to replisome disassembly and activation of the Fanconi anemia ICL repair pathway, which unhooks the colibactin-ICL through nucleolytic incisions. These incisions generate a DNA double-strand break intermediate in one sister chromatid, which can be repaired by homologous recombination, and a monoadduct ("ICL remnant") in the other. Our data indicate that translesion synthesis past the colibactin-ICL remnant depends on Polη and a Polκ-REV1-Polζ polymerase complex. Although translesion synthesis past colibactin-induced DNA damage is frequently error-free, it can introduce T>N point mutations that partially recapitulate the mutation signature associated with colibactin exposure in vivo. Taken together, our work provides a biochemical framework for understanding how cells tolerate a naturally-occurring and clinically-relevant ICL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Altshuller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xu He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Elliot J. MacKrell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M. Wernke
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel W. H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Selene Sellés-Baiget
- TheNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julien P. Duxin
- TheNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel R. Semlow
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho MG, Kumar RJ, Lin CC, Boyer JA, Shahir JA, Fagan-Solis K, Simpson DA, Fan C, Foster CE, Goddard AM, Lerner LM, Ellington SW, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ho AY, Liu P, Perou CM, Zhang Q, McGinty RK, Purvis JE, Gupta GP. MRE11 liberates cGAS from nucleosome sequestration during tumorigenesis. Nature 2024; 625:585-592. [PMID: 38200309 PMCID: PMC10794148 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress generates endogenous DNA damage that activates cGAS-STING-mediated signalling and tumour suppression1-3. However, the precise mechanism of cGAS activation by endogenous DNA damage remains enigmatic, particularly given that high-affinity histone acidic patch (AP) binding constitutively inhibits cGAS by sterically hindering its activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)4-10. Here we report that the DNA double-strand break sensor MRE11 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis through a pivotal role in regulating cGAS activation. We demonstrate that binding of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN complex to nucleosome fragments is necessary to displace cGAS from acidic-patch-mediated sequestration, which enables its mobilization and activation by dsDNA. MRE11 is therefore essential for cGAS activation in response to oncogenic stress, cytosolic dsDNA and ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MRE11-dependent cGAS activation promotes ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, which is essential to suppress oncogenic proliferation and breast tumorigenesis. Notably, downregulation of ZBP1 in human triple-negative breast cancer is associated with increased genome instability, immune suppression and poor patient prognosis. These findings establish MRE11 as a crucial mediator that links DNA damage and cGAS activation, resulting in tumour suppression through ZBP1-dependent necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC MD-PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Chu Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua A Boyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jamshaid A Shahir
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katerina Fagan-Solis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine E Foster
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon W Ellington
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Y Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert K McGinty
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC MD-PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z. Evidence that Alzheimer's Disease Is a Disease of Competitive Synaptic Plasticity Gone Awry. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:447-470. [PMID: 38669548 PMCID: PMC11119021 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that a physiological function of amyloid-β (Aβ) is to mediate neural activity-dependent homeostatic and competitive synaptic plasticity in the brain. I have previously summarized the lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis and highlighted the similarities between Aβ and anti-microbial peptides in mediating cell/synapse competition. In cell competition, anti-microbial peptides deploy a multitude of mechanisms to ensure both self-protection and competitor elimination. Here I review recent studies showing that similar mechanisms are at play in Aβ-mediated synapse competition and perturbations in these mechanisms underpin Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, I discuss evidence that Aβ and ApoE, two crucial players in AD, co-operate in the regulation of synapse competition. Glial ApoE promotes self-protection by increasing the production of trophic monomeric Aβ and inhibiting its assembly into toxic oligomers. Conversely, Aβ oligomers, once assembled, promote the elimination of competitor synapses via direct toxic activity and amplification of "eat-me" signals promoting the elimination of weak synapses. I further summarize evidence that neuronal ApoE may be part of a gene regulatory network that normally promotes competitive plasticity, explaining the selective vulnerability of ApoE expressing neurons in AD brains. Lastly, I discuss evidence that sleep may be key to Aβ-orchestrated plasticity, in which sleep is not only induced by Aβ but is also required for Aβ-mediated plasticity, underlining the link between sleep and AD. Together, these results strongly argue that AD is a disease of competitive synaptic plasticity gone awry, a novel perspective that may promote AD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Longo MA, Roy S, Chen Y, Tomaszowski KH, Arvai AS, Pepper JT, Boisvert RA, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Keshvani C, Schild D, Bacolla A, Williams GJ, Tainer JA, Schlacher K. RAD51C-XRCC3 structure and cancer patient mutations define DNA replication roles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4445. [PMID: 37488098 PMCID: PMC10366140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD51C is an enigmatic predisposition gene for breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Currently, missing structural and related functional understanding limits patient mutation interpretation to homology-directed repair (HDR) function analysis. Here we report the RAD51C-XRCC3 (CX3) X-ray co-crystal structure with bound ATP analog and define separable RAD51C replication stability roles informed by its three-dimensional structure, assembly, and unappreciated polymerization motif. Mapping of cancer patient mutations as a functional guide confirms ATP-binding matching RAD51 recombinase, yet highlights distinct CX3 interfaces. Analyses of CRISPR/Cas9-edited human cells with RAD51C mutations combined with single-molecule, single-cell and biophysics measurements uncover discrete CX3 regions for DNA replication fork protection, restart and reversal, accomplished by separable functions in DNA binding and implied 5' RAD51 filament capping. Collective findings establish CX3 as a cancer-relevant replication stress response complex, show how HDR-proficient variants could contribute to tumor development, and identify regions to aid functional testing and classification of cancer mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Longo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunetra Roy
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Arvai
- The Department of Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan T Pepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Boisvert
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Caezanne Keshvani
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Schild
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gareth J Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Klapp V, Álvarez-Abril B, Leuzzi G, Kroemer G, Ciccia A, Galluzzi L. The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1521-1545. [PMID: 37026695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig-naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Abril
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wardlaw CP, Petrini JH. ISG15: A link between innate immune signaling, DNA replication, and genome stability. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300042. [PMID: 37147792 PMCID: PMC10473822 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is highly induced upon activation of interferon signaling and cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways. As part of the innate immune system ISG15 acts to inhibit viral replication and particle release via the covalent conjugation to both viral and host proteins. Unlike ubiquitin, unconjugated ISG15 also functions as an intracellular and extra-cellular signaling molecule to modulate the immune response. Several recent studies have shown ISG15 to also function in a diverse array of cellular processes and pathways outside of the innate immune response. This review explores the role of ISG15 in maintaining genome stability, particularly during DNA replication, and how this relates to cancer biology. It puts forth the hypothesis that ISG15, along with DNA sensors, function within a DNA replication fork surveillance pathway to help maintain genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John H.J. Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kornepati AVR, Rogers CM, Sung P, Curiel TJ. The complementarity of DDR, nucleic acids and anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2023; 619:475-486. [PMID: 37468584 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy is a first-line treatment for selected cancers, yet the mechanisms of its efficacy remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, only a minority of patients with cancer benefit from ICB, and there is a lack of fully informative treatment response biomarkers. Selectively exploiting defects in DNA damage repair is also a standard treatment for cancer, spurred by enhanced understanding of the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR and ICB are closely linked-faulty DDR produces immunogenic cancer neoantigens that can increase the efficacy of ICB therapy, and tumour mutational burden is a good but imperfect biomarker for the response to ICB. DDR studies in ICB efficacy initially focused on contributions to neoantigen burden. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that ICB efficacy is complicated by the immunogenic effects of nucleic acids generated from exogenous DNA damage or endogenous processes such as DNA replication. Chemotherapy, radiation, or selective DDR inhibitors (such as PARP inhibitors) can generate aberrant nucleic acids to induce tumour immunogenicity independently of neoantigens. Independent of their functions in immunity, targets of immunotherapy such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) or PD-L1 can crosstalk with DDR or the DNA repair machinery to influence the response to DNA-damaging agents. Here we review the rapidly evolving, multifaceted interfaces between DDR, nucleic acid immunogenicity and immunotherapy efficacy, focusing on ICB. Understanding these interrelated processes could explain ICB treatment failures and reveal novel exploitable therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancers. We conclude by addressing major unanswered questions and new research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand V R Kornepati
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cody M Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Dartmouth Health, Dartmouth Cancer Center and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼16 kb in mammals), circular molecule that is the present-day mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The ability of mtDNA to escape mitochondria and integrate into the nuclear genome was discovered in budding yeast, along with genes that regulate this process. Mitochondria have emerged as key regulators of innate immunity, and it is now recognized that mtDNA released into the cytoplasm, outside of the cell, or into circulation activates multiple innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we first review the mechanisms through which mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, including several inducible mitochondrial pores and defective mitophagy or autophagy. Next, we cover how the different forms of released mtDNA activate specific innate immune nucleic acid sensors and inflammasomes. Finally, we discuss how intracellular and extracellular mtDNA release, including circulating cell-free mtDNA that promotes systemic inflammation, are implicated in human diseases, bacterial and viral infections, senescence and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Newman
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tomaszowski KH, Roy S, Guerrero C, Shukla P, Keshvani C, Chen Y, Ott M, Wu X, Zhang J, DiNardo CD, Schindler D, Schlacher K. Hypomorphic Brca2 and Rad51c double mutant mice display Fanconi anemia, cancer and polygenic replication stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1333. [PMID: 36906610 PMCID: PMC10008622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prototypic cancer-predisposition disease Fanconi Anemia (FA) is identified by biallelic mutations in any one of twenty-three FANC genes. Puzzlingly, inactivation of one Fanc gene alone in mice fails to faithfully model the pleiotropic human disease without additional external stress. Here we find that FA patients frequently display FANC co-mutations. Combining exemplary homozygous hypomorphic Brca2/Fancd1 and Rad51c/Fanco mutations in mice phenocopies human FA with bone marrow failure, rapid death by cancer, cellular cancer-drug hypersensitivity and severe replication instability. These grave phenotypes contrast the unremarkable phenotypes seen in mice with single gene-function inactivation, revealing an unexpected synergism between Fanc mutations. Beyond FA, breast cancer-genome analysis confirms that polygenic FANC tumor-mutations correlate with lower survival, expanding our understanding of FANC genes beyond an epistatic FA-pathway. Collectively, the data establish a polygenic replication stress concept as a testable principle, whereby co-occurrence of a distinct second gene mutation amplifies and drives endogenous replication stress, genome instability and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Tomaszowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Sunetra Roy
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Carolina Guerrero
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Poojan Shukla
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Caezaan Keshvani
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Institut fuer Humangenetik, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang H, Stehr AM, Singh J, Zlatar L, Hartmann A, Evert K, Naschberger E, von Stillfried S, Boor P, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Stürzl M, Herrmann M. Anti-DNA-IgM Favors the Detection of NET-Associated Extracellular DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044101. [PMID: 36835515 PMCID: PMC9958910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory responses, neutrophils enter the sites of attack where they execute various defense mechanisms. They (I) phagocytose microorganisms, (II) degranulate to release cytokines, (III) recruit various immune cells by cell-type specific chemokines, (IV) secrete anti-microbials including lactoferrin, lysozyme, defensins and reactive oxygen species, and (V) release DNA as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The latter originates from mitochondria as well as from decondensed nuclei. This is easily detected in cultured cells by staining of DNA with specific dyes. However, in tissues sections the very high fluorescence signals emitted from the condensed nuclear DNA hamper the detection of the widespread, extranuclear DNA of the NETs. In contrast, when we employ anti-DNA-IgM antibodies, they are unable to penetrate deep into the tightly packed DNA of the nucleus, and we observe a robust signal for the extended DNA patches of the NETs. To validate anti-DNA-IgM, we additionally stained the sections for the NET-markers histone H2B, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3, and neutrophil elastase. Altogether, we have described a fast one-step procedure for the detection of NETs in tissue sections, which provides new perspectives to characterize neutrophil-associated immune reactions in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Margarethe Stehr
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticija Zlatar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of the RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lazarchuk P, Nguyen VN, Brunon S, Pavlova MN, Sidorova JM. Innate immunity mediator STING modulates nascent DNA metabolism at stalled forks in human cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1048726. [PMID: 36710880 PMCID: PMC9877313 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The cGAS/STING pathway, part of the innate immune response to foreign DNA, can be activated by cell's own DNA arising from the processing of the genome, including the degradation of nascent DNA at arrested replication forks, which can be upregulated in cancer cells. Recent evidence raises a possibility that the cGAS/STING pathway may also modulate the very processes that trigger it, e.g., DNA damage repair or processing of stalled forks. Methods: We manipulated STING levels in human cells by depleting or re-expressing it, and assessed the effects of STING on replication using microfluidics-assisted replication track analysis, or maRTA, a DNA fiber assay, as well as immuno-precipitation of nascent DNA, or iPOND. We also assessed STING subcellular distribution and its ability to activate. Results: Depletion of STING suppressed and its re-expression in STING-deficient cancer cells upregulated the degradation of nascent DNA at arrested replication forks. Replication fork arrest was accompanied by the STING pathway activation, and a STING mutant that does not activate the pathway failed to upregulate nascent DNA degradation. cGAS was required for STING's effect on degradation, but this requirement could be bypassed by treating cells with a STING agonist. Cells expressing inactive STING had a reduced level of RPA on parental and nascent DNA of arrested forks and a reduced CHK1 activation compared to cells with the wild type STING. STING also affected unperturbed fork progression in a subset of cell lines. STING fractionated to the nuclear fractions enriched for structural components of chromatin and nuclear envelope, and furthermore, it associated with the chromatin of arrested replication forks as well as post-replicative chromatin. Conclusion: Our data highlight STING as a determinant of stalled replication fork integrity, thus revealing a novel connection between the replication stress and innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klucnika A, Mu P, Jezek J, McCormack M, Di Y, Bradshaw CR, Ma H. REC drives recombination to repair double-strand breaks in animal mtDNA. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202201137. [PMID: 36355348 PMCID: PMC9652705 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that safeguard mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) limit the accumulation of mutations linked to mitochondrial and age-related diseases. Yet, pathways that repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) in animal mitochondria are poorly understood. By performing a candidate screen for mtDNA repair proteins, we identify that REC-an MCM helicase that drives meiotic recombination in the nucleus-also localizes to mitochondria in Drosophila. We show that REC repairs mtDNA DSBs by homologous recombination in somatic and germline tissues. Moreover, REC prevents age-associated mtDNA mutations. We further show that MCM8, the human ortholog of REC, also localizes to mitochondria and limits the accumulation of mtDNA mutations. This study provides mechanistic insight into animal mtDNA recombination and demonstrates its importance in safeguarding mtDNA during ageing and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klucnika
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jan Jezek
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew McCormack
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Di
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hansong Ma
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Magliocco AM, Moughan J, Miyamoto DT, Simko J, Shipley WU, Gray PJ, Hagan MP, Parliament M, Tester WJ, Zietman AL, McCarthy S, Saeed-Vafa D, Xiong Y, Ayral T, Hartford AC, Patel A, Rosenthal SA, Chafe S, Greenberg R, Schwartz MA, Augspurger ME, Keech JA, Winter KA, Feng FY, Efstathiou JA. Analysis of MRE11 and Mortality Among Adults With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Managed With Trimodality Therapy. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2242378. [PMID: 36383379 PMCID: PMC9669810 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bladder-preserving trimodality therapy can be an effective alternative to radical cystectomy for treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but biomarkers are needed to guide optimal patient selection. The DNA repair protein MRE11 is a candidate response biomarker that has not been validated in prospective cohorts using standardized measurement approaches. OBJECTIVE To evaluate MRE11 expression as a prognostic biomarker in MIBC patients receiving trimodality therapy using automated quantitative image analysis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prognostic study analyzed patients with MIBC pooled from 6 prospective phase I/II, II, or III trials of trimodality therapy (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 8802, 8903, 9506, 9706, 9906, and 0233) across 37 participating institutions in North America from 1988 to 2007. Eligible patients had nonmetastatic MIBC and were enrolled in 1 of the 6 trimodality therapy clinical trials. Analyses were completed August 2020. EXPOSURES Trimodality therapy with transurethral bladder tumor resection and cisplatin-based chemoradiation therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES MRE11 expression and association with disease-specific (bladder cancer) mortality (DSM), defined as death from bladder cancer. Pretreatment tumor tissues were processed for immunofluorescence with anti-MRE11 antibody and analyzed using automated quantitative image analysis to calculate a normalized score for MRE11 based on nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (NC) signal ratio. RESULTS Of 465 patients from 6 trials, 168 patients had available tissue, of which 135 were analyzable for MRE11 expression (median age of 65 years [minimum-maximum, 34-90 years]; 111 [82.2%] men). Median (minimum-maximum) follow-up for alive patients was 5.0 (0.6-11.7) years. Median (Q1-Q3) MRE11 NC signal ratio was 2.41 (1.49-3.34). Patients with an MRE11 NC ratio above 1.49 (ie, above first quartile) had a significantly lower DSM (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.93; P = .03). The 4-year DSM was 41.0% (95% CI, 23.2%-58.0%) for patients with an MRE11 NC signal ratio of 1.49 or lower vs 21.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-29.8%) for a ratio above 1.49. MRE11 NC signal ratio was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.49-1.44). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher MRE11 NC signal ratios were associated with better DSM after trimodality therapy. Lower MRE11 NC signal ratios identified a poor prognosis subgroup that may benefit from intensification of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Moughan
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center/ACR, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David T. Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeff Simko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - William U. Shipley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phillip J. Gray
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P. Hagan
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Anthony L. Zietman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Yin Xiong
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Ashish Patel
- MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, New Jersey
| | | | - Susan Chafe
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - John A. Keech
- MultiCare Gig Harbor Medical Park, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Kathryn A. Winter
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center/ACR, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jason A. Efstathiou
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu P, Yan X, Jiang X, Li H, Chen R, Wang S, Li C. The MRE11 opposes white spot syndrome virus infection through the IRF and Dorsal mediated antiviral pathways in shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:347-356. [PMID: 35654385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11), a key component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, plays important roles in damaged DNA repair and immune response. In this study, we described the molecular cloning of a new member of MRE11 from Litopenaeus vannamei named as LvMRE11. The full length of LvMRE11 was 2999 bp, including a 1947 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a putative protein of 648 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of ∼73.2 kDa LvMRE11 was universally expressed in all tested tissues and its expression in intestine was responsive to the challenge of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), poly (I: C), poly [dA:dT], CpG-ODN 2006 and IFN stimulatory DNA (ISD). The dsRNA-mediated knockdown of LvMRE11 enhanced the susceptibility of shrimps to WSSV infection, as manifested by a higher mortality and viral loads observed in LvMRE11 silenced shrimps. Besides, silencing of LvMRE11 resulted in decreased expression levels of IRF-Vago-JAK/STAT pathway components, and Dorsal but not the Relish, as well as several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In conclusion, we provided some evidences that the involvement of LvMRE11 in innate immune against virus infection probably through regulating the IRF and Dorsal mediated antiviral pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gluf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuheng Yan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiewu Jiang
- Guangdong Hisenor Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Hisenor Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rongjian Chen
- Guangdong Hisenor Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gluf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Landelouci K, Sinha S, Pépin G. Type-I Interferon Signaling in Fanconi Anemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:820273. [PMID: 35198459 PMCID: PMC8859461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.820273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genome instability syndrome caused by mutations in one of the 23 repair genes of the Fanconi pathway. This heterogenous disease is usually characterized by congenital abnormalities, premature ageing and bone marrow failure. FA patients also show a high predisposition to hematological and solid cancers. The Fanconi pathway ensures the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) DNA damage. Defect in one of its proteins prevents functional DNA repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA breaks and genome instability. Accumulating evidence has documented a close relationship between genome instability and inflammation, including the production of type-I Interferon. In this context, type-I Interferon is produced upon activation of pattern recognition receptors by nucleic acids including by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) that detects DNA. In mouse models of diseases displaying genome instability, type-I Interferon response is responsible for an important part of the pathological symptoms, including premature aging, short stature, and neurodegeneration. This is illustrated in mouse models of Ataxia-telangiectasia and Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome in which genetic depletion of either Interferon Receptor IFNAR, cGAS or STING relieves pathological symptoms. FA is also a genetic instability syndrome with symptoms such as premature aging and predisposition to cancer. In this review we will focus on the different molecular mechanisms potentially leading to type-I Interferon activation. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms engaging type-I Interferon signaling in FA may ultimately lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to rescue the pathological inflammation and premature aging associated with Fanconi Anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Landelouci
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Geneviève Pépin,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ye Z, Shi Y, Lees-Miller SP, Tainer JA. Function and Molecular Mechanism of the DNA Damage Response in Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797880. [PMID: 34970273 PMCID: PMC8712645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is an organized network of multiple interwoven components evolved to repair damaged DNA and maintain genome fidelity. Conceptually the DDR includes damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors to maintain genomic stability and accurate transmission of genetic information. We have recently gained a substantially improved molecular and mechanistic understanding of how DDR components are interconnected to inflammatory and immune responses to stress. DDR shapes both innate and adaptive immune pathways: (i) in the context of innate immunity, DDR components mainly enhance cytosolic DNA sensing and its downstream STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING)-dependent signaling; (ii) in the context of adaptive immunity, the DDR is needed for the assembly and diversification of antigen receptor genes that is requisite for T and B lymphocyte development. Imbalances between DNA damage and repair impair tissue homeostasis and lead to replication and transcription stress, mutation accumulation, and even cell death. These impacts from DDR defects can then drive tumorigenesis, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune responses. Yet, DDR deficiency or inhibition can also directly enhance innate immune responses. Furthermore, DDR defects plus the higher mutation load in tumor cells synergistically produce primarily tumor-specific neoantigens, which are powerfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy by employing immune checkpoint inhibitors to amplify immune responses. Thus, elucidating DDR-immune response interplay may provide critical connections for harnessing immunomodulatory effects plus targeted inhibition to improve efficacy of radiation and chemotherapies, of immune checkpoint blockade, and of combined therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|