1
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Gu H, Meng K, Yuan R, Xiao S, Shan Y, Zhu R, Deng Y, Luo X, Li R, Liu L, Chen X, Shi Y, Wang X, Duan C, Wang H. Rewritable printing of ionic liquid nanofilm utilizing focused ion beam induced film wetting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2949. [PMID: 38580645 PMCID: PMC10997651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulating liquid flow over open solid substrate at nanoscale is important for printing, sensing, and energy devices. The predominant methods of liquid maneuvering usually involve complicated surface fabrications, while recent attempts employing external stimuli face difficulties in attaining nanoscale flow control. Here we report a largely unexplored ion beam induced film wetting (IBFW) technology for open surface nanofluidics. Local electrostatic forces, which are generated by the unique charging effect of Helium focused ion beam (HFIB), induce precursor film of ionic liquid and the disjoining pressure propels and stabilizes the nanofilm with desired patterns. The IBFW technique eliminates the complicated surface fabrication procedures to achieve nanoscale flow in a controllable and rewritable manner. By combining with electrochemical deposition, various solid materials with desired patterns can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Gu
- Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kaixin Meng
- Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Ruowei Yuan
- Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Siyang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Yuying Shan
- Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Electron Microscopy Lab, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Future Technology School, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yuping Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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2
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Zhang D, Broer DJ, Liu D. Facilitating Interskin Communication in Artificial Polymer Systems through Liquid Transfer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312428. [PMID: 38211568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemical communication is a ubiquitous process in nature, and it has sparked interest in the development of electric-sense-based robotic perception systems with chemical components. Here, a novel liquid crystal polymer is introduced that combines the transferring, receiving, and sensing of chemical signals, providing a new principle to achieve chemical communication in robotic systems. This approach allows for the transfer of cargo between two polymer coatings, and the transfer can be monitored through an electrical signal. Additionally, cascade transfer can be achieved through this approach, as the transfer of cargo is not limited to only two coatings, but can continue from the second to a third coating. Furthermore, the two coatings can be infused with different reagents, and upon exchange, a reaction takes place to generate the desired species. The novel method of chemical communication that is developed presents a notable improvement in embodied perception. This advancement facilitates human-robot and robot-robot interactions and enhances the ability of robots to efficiently and accurately perform complex tasks in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
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3
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Norikane Y, Ohnuma M, Kwaria D, Kikkawa Y, Ohzono T, Mizokuro T, Abe K, Manabe K, Saito K. Photo-controllable azobenzene microdroplets on an open surface and their application as transporters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1495-1501. [PMID: 38226904 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The control of droplet motion is a significant challenge, as there has been no simple method for effective manipulation. Utilizing light for the control of droplets offers a promising solution due to its non-contact nature and high degree of controllability. In this study, we present our findings on the translational motion of pre-photomelted droplets composed of azobenzene derivatives on a glass surface when exposed to UV and visible light sources from different directions. These droplets exhibited directional and continuous motion upon light irradiation and this motion was size-dependent. Only droplets with diameters less than 10 μm moved with a maximum velocity of 300 μm min-1. In addition, the direction of the movement was controllable by the direction of the light. The motion is driven by a change in contact angle, where UV or visible light switched the contact angle to approximately 50° or 35°, respectively. In addition, these droplets were also found to be capable carriers for fluorescent quantum dots. As such, droplets composed of photoresponsive molecules offer unique opportunities for designing novel light-driven open-surface microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Dennis Kwaria
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Mizokuro
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koji Abe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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4
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Cheng G, Kuan CY, Lou KW, Ho YP. Light-Responsive Materials in Droplet Manipulation for Biochemical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313935. [PMID: 38379512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized droplets, characterized by well-controlled microenvironments and capability for parallel processing, have significantly advanced the studies on enzymatic evolution, molecular diagnostics, and single-cell analysis. However, manipulation of small-sized droplets, including moving, merging, and trapping of the targeted droplets for complex biochemical assays and subsequent analysis, is not trivial and remains technically demanding. Among various techniques, light-driven methods stand out as a promising candidate for droplet manipulation in a facile and flexible manner, given the features of contactless interaction, high spatiotemporal resolution, and biocompatibility. This review therefore compiles an in-depth discussion of the governing mechanisms underpinning light-driven droplet manipulation. Besides, light-responsive materials, representing the core of light-matter interaction and the key character converting light into different forms of energy, are particularly assessed in this review. Recent advancements in light-responsive materials and the most notable applications are comprehensively archived and evaluated. Continuous innovations and rational engineering of light-responsive materials are expected to propel the development of light-driven droplet manipulation, equip droplets with enhanced functionality, and broaden the applications of droplets for biochemical studies and routine biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chit Yau Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kuan Wen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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5
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Feng W, He Q, Zhang L. Embedded Physical Intelligence in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Actuators and Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312313. [PMID: 38375751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond to various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among the diverse array of responsive materials, liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) stand out for their remarkable reversible stimuli-responsive shape-morphing properties and their potential for creating soft robots. While numerous reviews have extensively detailed the progress in developing LCP-based actuators and robots, there exists a need for comprehensive summaries that elucidate the underlying principles governing actuation and how physical intelligence is embedded within these systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in developing actuators and robots endowed with physical intelligence using LCPs. This review is structured around the stimulus conditions and categorizes the studies involving responsive LCPs based on the fundamental control and stimulation logic and approach. Specifically, three main categories are examined: systems that respond to changing stimuli, those operating under constant stimuli, and those equip with learning and logic control capabilities. Furthermore, the persisting challenges that need to be addressed are outlined and discuss the future avenues of research in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiguang He
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Ning Y, Yang S, Yang DB, Cai YY, Xu J, Li R, Zhang Y, Kagan CR, Saven JG, Murray CB. Dynamic Nanocrystal Superlattices with Thermally Triggerable Lubricating Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3785-3795. [PMID: 38295018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The size-dependent and collective physical properties of nanocrystals (NCs) and their self-assembled superlattices (SLs) enable the study of mesoscale phenomena and the design of metamaterials for a broad range of applications. However, the limited mobility of NC building blocks in dried NCSLs often hampers the potential for employing postdeposition methods to produce high-quality NCSLs. In this study, we present tailored promesogenic ligands that exhibit a lubricating property akin to thermotropic liquid crystals. The lubricating ability of ligands is thermally triggerable, allowing the dry solid NC aggregates deposited on the substrates with poor ordering to be transformed into NCSLs with high crystallinity and preferred orientations. The interplay between the dynamic behavior of NCSLs and the molecular structure of the ligands is elucidated through a comprehensive analysis of their lubricating efficacy using both experimental and simulation approaches. Coarse-grained molecular dynamic modeling suggests that a shielding layer from mesogens prevents the interdigitation of ligand tails, facilitating the sliding between outer shells and consequently enhancing the mobility of NC building blocks. The dynamic organization of NCSLs can also be triggered with high spatial resolution by laser illumination. The principles, kinetics, and utility of lubricating ligands could be generalized to unlock stimuli-responsive metamaterials from NCSLs and contribute to the fabrication of NCSLs.
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7
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Wu J, Fang D, Zhou Y, Gao G, Zeng J, Zeng Y, Zheng H. Multifunctional droplet handling on surface-charge-graphic-decorated porous papers. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:594-603. [PMID: 38175166 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing a fluidic platform that combines high-throughput with reconfigurability is essential for a wide range of cutting-edge applications, but achieving both capabilities simultaneously remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a novel and unique method for droplet manipulation via drawing surface charge graphics on electrode-free papers in a contactless way. We find that opposite charge graphics can be written and retained on the surface layer of porous insulating paper by a controlled charge depositing method. The retained charge graphics result in high-resolution patterning of electrostatic potential wells (EPWs) on the hydrophobic porous surface, allowing for digital and high-throughput droplet handling. Since the charge graphics can be written/projected dynamically and simultaneously in large areas, allowing for on-demand and real-time reconfiguration of EPWs, we are able to develop a charge-graphic fluidic platform with both high reconfigurability and high throughput. The advantages and application potential of the platform have been demonstrated in chemical detection and dynamically controllable fluidic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Wu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Duokui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yubin Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huai Zheng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Transients in Hydraulic Machinery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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8
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Hou L, Liu X, Ge X, Hu R, Cui Z, Wang N, Zhao Y. Designing of anisotropic gradient surfaces for directional liquid transport: Fundamentals, construction, and applications. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100508. [PMID: 37753526 PMCID: PMC10518492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological surfaces are capable of transporting liquids in a directional manner without energy consumption. Inspired by nature, constructing asymmetric gradient surfaces to achieve desired droplet transport, such as a liquid diode, brings an incredibly valuable and promising area of research with a wide range of applications. Enabled by advances in nanotechnology and manufacturing techniques, biomimetics has emerged as a promising avenue for engineering various types of anisotropic material system. Over the past few decades, this approach has yielded significant progress in both fundamental understanding and practical applications. Theoretical studies revealed that the heterogeneous composition and topography mainly govern the wetting mechanisms and dynamics behavior of droplets, including the interdisciplinary aspects of materials, chemistry, and physics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various biological surfaces that exhibit anisotropic droplet transport. We discussed the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of droplet motion on designed surfaces and reviewed recent research advances in droplet directional transport on designed plane surfaces and Janus membranes. Such liquid-diode materials yield diverse promising applications, involving droplet collection, liquid separation and delivery, functional textiles, and biomedical applications. We also discuss the recent challenges and ongoing approaches to enhance the functionality and application performance of anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineer, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinran Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nü Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Li H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Wang H, Chen R, Liao Q. Droplet transportation on photosensitive lubricant-impregnated slippery surfaces in response to the light induced Marangoni effect and asymmetrical wetting ridges. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7323-7333. [PMID: 37727081 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible control of droplet transportation is crucial in various applications but is constrained by liquid-solid friction. The development of biomimetic lubricant-impregnated slippery surfaces provides a new solution for flexible manipulation of droplet transportation. Herein, a light strategy is reported for flexibly controlling droplet transportation on photosensitive lubricant-impregnated slippery surfaces. Owing to the localized heating effect of a focused laser beam via photothermal conversion, the resultant thermal Marangoni flow and horizontal component of the surface tension associated with the asymmetric wetting ridges are together responsible for actuating droplet transportation. It is found that the asymmetry of the wetting ridge is dominated by the thickness of the infused oil layer, which directly affects the droplet transportation. The feasibility of this light strategy is also demonstrated by uphill movement, droplet coalescence, and chemical reaction. This study provides a new design for potential applications in open droplet microfluidics, analytical chemistry, diagnosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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10
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Fedorowicz K, Prosser R, Sengupta A. Curvature-mediated programming of liquid crystal microflows. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7084-7092. [PMID: 37661799 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recognized role of liquid crystal microfluidics in generating programmable, self-organized and guided flow properties, to date, the flow behavior of LCs within curved channels remains unexplored. Using experiments and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the curvature of microscale conduits allow programming of liquid crystal (LC) flows. Focusing on a nematic LC flowing through U- and L-shaped channels - two simple yet fundamental curved flow paths - with rectangular cross-section, our results reveal that the curvature of flow path can trigger transverse flow-induced director gradients. The emergent director field feeds back into the flow field, ultimately leading to LC flows controlled by the channel curvature. This curvature-mediated flow control, identified by polarizing optical microscopy and supported by the nematofluidic solutions, offers concepts in LC microfluidic valves, wherein the throughput distribution is determined by the Ericksen number and variations in local curvature. Finally, this work leverages curvature to amplify (suppress) LC transport through flow-aligned (homeotropic) regions emerging within channels with bends, in a programmable manner. Our results demonstrating the dependence of the dynamic flow-director coupling on the local curvature will have far-reaching ramifications in advancing the understanding of LC-based passive and active biological systems under real life geometrical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Fedorowicz
- School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Robert Prosser
- School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Anupam Sengupta
- Physics of Living Matter Group, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162 A, Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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11
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Zhang D, Peixoto J, Zhan Y, Astam MO, Bus T, van der Tol JJB, Broer DJ, Liu D. Reversible Perspiring Artificial "Fingertips". ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209729. [PMID: 36745861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fingertip perspiration is a vital process within human predation, to which the species owes its survival and its biological success. In this paper, the unique human ability of extensive perspiration and controlled friction in self-assembled cholesteric liquid crystals is recreated, mimicking the natural processes that occur in the dermis and epidermis of human skin. This is achieved by inducing porosity in responsive, liquid-bearing material through the controlled-polymerization phase-separation process. The unique topography of human fingerprints is further emulated in the materials by balancing the parallel chirality-induced force and the perpendicular substrate-anchoring force during synthesis. As a result, artificial fingertips are capable of secreting and re-absorbing liquid upon light illumination. By demonstrating the function of the soft material in a tribological aspect, it exhibits a controllable anti-sliding property comparable to human fingertips and subsequently attains a higher degree of biomimicry. This biomimetic fingertip is envisioned being applied in a multitude of fields, ranging from biomedical instruments to interactive, human-like soft robotic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Peixoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Mert O Astam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Joost J B van der Tol
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, Netherlands
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Jiao L, Wu Y, Hu Y, Guo Q, Wu H, Yu H, Deng L, Li D, Li L. Mosaic Patterned Surfaces toward Generating Hardly-Volatile Capsular Droplet Arrays for High-Precision Droplet-Based Storage and Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206274. [PMID: 36617523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection involving droplets based on functional surfaces is promising for the parallelization and miniaturization of platforms and is significant in epidemic investigation, analyte recognition, environmental simulation, combinatorial chemistry, etc. However, a challenging and considerable task is obtaining mutually independent droplet arrays without cross-contamination and simultaneously avoiding droplet evaporation-caused quick reagent loss, inaccuracy, and failure. Herein, a strategy to generate mutually independent and hardly-volatile capsular droplet arrays using innovative mosaic patterned surfaces is developed. The evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays is 1712 times higher than the naked droplet. The high evaporation suppression of the capsular droplet arrays on the surfaces is attributed to synergistic blocking of the upper oil and bottom mosaic gasproof layer. The scale-up of the capsular droplet arrays, the flexibility in shape, size, component (including aqueous, colloidal, acid, and alkali solutions), liquid volume, and the high-precision hazardous substance testing proves the concept's high compatibility and practicability. The mutually independent capsular droplet arrays with amazingly high evaporation suppression are essential for the new generation of high-performance open-surface microfluidic chips used in COVID-19 diagnosis and investigation, primary screening, in vitro enzyme reactions, environmental monitoring, nanomaterial synthesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Huiyao Yu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Longqiang Deng
- Zhejiang Tuff Development Company Ltd., Jiaxing, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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13
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Zhan Y, Broer DJ, Liu D. Perspiring Soft Robotics Skin Constituted by Dynamic Polarity-Switching Porous Liquid Crystal Membrane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211143. [PMID: 36608160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of functional fluids is essential for affecting surface properties in ecosystems. The existing polymer membranes that mimic human skin functions are limited to secreting, either apolar or polar, liquid. However, the development of membranes that grant exchange liquid with different polarities remains a grand challenge. This process is prohibited by the mismatch of the polarity between the carrier polymer and the loaded liquid. To conquer this limitation, an innovative strategy is reported to dynamically switch the polarity of the porous membrane, thereby empowering the exchange of apolar liquid with polar liquid and vice versa. This approach incorporates a benzoic acid derivative into the original apolar polymer network. The benzoic acid dimerizes and forms hydrogen bonds, which supports the molecular alignment, but can be broken into the ionic state when subjected to alkaline treatment, changing the polarity of themembrane. Consequently, the apolar liquid can be replaced with a more polar one. This polar liquid is ejected upon safe-dose UV illumination from the membrane. Reabsorption occurs on demand by illumination of visible light or when left in contact with the membrane, spontaneously in the dark. Based on this, the consumed membrane is replenished with the same or different exchanging liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven, 5612AE, The Netherlands
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14
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Sun J, Weisensee PB. Marangoni-induced reversal of meniscus-climbing microdroplets. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:625-633. [PMID: 36168911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00979j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small water droplets or particles located at an oil meniscus typically climb the meniscus due to unbalanced capillary forces. Here, we introduce a size-dependent reversal of this meniscus-climbing behavior, where upon cooling of the underlying substrate, droplets of different sizes concurrently ascend and descend the meniscus. We show that microscopic Marangoni convection cells within the oil meniscus are responsible for this phenomenon. While dynamics of relatively larger water microdroplets are still dominated by unbalanced capillary forces and hence ascend the meniscus, smaller droplets are carried by the surface flow and consequently descend the meniscus. We further demonstrate that the magnitude and direction of the convection cells depend on the meniscus geometry and the substrate temperature and introduce a modified Marangoni number that well predicts their strength. Our findings provide a new approach to manipulating droplets on a liquid meniscus that could have applications in material self-assembly, biological sensing and testing, or phase change heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - Patricia B Weisensee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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15
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Deng W, Fang JC, Dupont RL, Zhang M, Čopar S, Tkalec U, Wang X. Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on liquid crystal-infused porous surfaces. NANO RESEARCH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36570861 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on surfaces of both solids and simple fluids have been widely used in a wide range of applications. However, little is understood about the effect of the magnetic field on the wettability and mobility of droplets on structured fluids. Here, we report the manipulation of the dynamic behaviors of water droplets on a film of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs). We find that the static wetting behavior and static friction of water droplets on a 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) film strongly depend on the LC mesophases, and that a magnetic field caused no measurable change to these properties. However, we find that the droplet dynamics can be affected by a magnetic field as it slides on a nematic 8CB film, but not on isotropic 8CB, and is dependent on both the direction and strength of the magnetic field. By measuring the dynamic friction of a droplet sliding on a nematic 8CB film, we find that a magnetic field alters the internal orientational ordering of the 8CB which in turn affects its viscosity. We support this interpretation with a scaling argument using the LC magnetic coherence length that includes (i) the elastic energy from the long-range orientational ordering of 8CB and (ii) the free energy from the interaction between 8CB and a magnetic field. Overall, these results advance our understanding of droplet mobility on LC films and enable new designs for responsive surfaces that can manipulate the mobility of water droplets. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (further details of the stability of LCIPS against water-induced dewetting, the interfacial tension and contact angle measurement using a goniometer, the estimation of the thickness of LC wrapping layer at air-water interface on droplets, SEM measurements, the average sliding velocity of a water droplet on 5CB, E7, silicone oil, and mineral oil films with and without a magnetic field, representative force diagram (F d versus time) of a 3-µL water droplet moving at a speed of 0.1 mm/s on a nematic 8CB film, F dynamic acting on 3 µL water droplets moving at speeds of 0.1-1 mm/s on an isotropic 8CB film, the calculated magnetic coherence length as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the nematic LCIPS, and the apparent advancing and receding contact angles of a moving water droplet on nematic LCIPS as a function of time, and polarized light micrographs (top view) of a nematic 8CB film between two DMOAP-functionalized glass slides before and after applying a horizontal magnetic field) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Weichen Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jen-Chun Fang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Simon Čopar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Tkalec
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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16
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Deng W, Fang JC, Dupont RL, Zhang M, Čopar S, Tkalec U, Wang X. Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on liquid crystal-infused porous surfaces. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:5098-5107. [PMID: 36570861 PMCID: PMC9768411 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetocontrollable droplet mobility on surfaces of both solids and simple fluids have been widely used in a wide range of applications. However, little is understood about the effect of the magnetic field on the wettability and mobility of droplets on structured fluids. Here, we report the manipulation of the dynamic behaviors of water droplets on a film of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs). We find that the static wetting behavior and static friction of water droplets on a 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) film strongly depend on the LC mesophases, and that a magnetic field caused no measurable change to these properties. However, we find that the droplet dynamics can be affected by a magnetic field as it slides on a nematic 8CB film, but not on isotropic 8CB, and is dependent on both the direction and strength of the magnetic field. By measuring the dynamic friction of a droplet sliding on a nematic 8CB film, we find that a magnetic field alters the internal orientational ordering of the 8CB which in turn affects its viscosity. We support this interpretation with a scaling argument using the LC magnetic coherence length that includes (i) the elastic energy from the long-range orientational ordering of 8CB and (ii) the free energy from the interaction between 8CB and a magnetic field. Overall, these results advance our understanding of droplet mobility on LC films and enable new designs for responsive surfaces that can manipulate the mobility of water droplets. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material (further details of the stability of LCIPS against water-induced dewetting, the interfacial tension and contact angle measurement using a goniometer, the estimation of the thickness of LC wrapping layer at air-water interface on droplets, SEM measurements, the average sliding velocity of a water droplet on 5CB, E7, silicone oil, and mineral oil films with and without a magnetic field, representative force diagram (Fd versus time) of a 3-µL water droplet moving at a speed of 0.1 mm/s on a nematic 8CB film, Fdynamic acting on 3 µL water droplets moving at speeds of 0.1-1 mm/s on an isotropic 8CB film, the calculated magnetic coherence length as a function of the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the nematic LCIPS, and the apparent advancing and receding contact angles of a moving water droplet on nematic LCIPS as a function of time, and polarized light micrographs (top view) of a nematic 8CB film between two DMOAP-functionalized glass slides before and after applying a horizontal magnetic field) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5318-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Weichen Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jen-Chun Fang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Robert L. Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Simon Čopar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Tkalec
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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17
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Sun Q, Hu X, Xu B, Lin S, Deng X, Zhou S. Janus Charged Droplet Manipulation Mediated by Invisible Charge Walls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204382. [PMID: 36202749 PMCID: PMC9685436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the mobility and function of droplets is fundamental to developing open surface microfluidics. Despite notable progress in the manipulation of droplets, the existing strategies are still limited in functionalizing droplets. Herein, the coupling of droplet motion and functionalization elicited by an invisible charge wall is reported. The charged superamphiphobic surface is overlapped with a conductor to induce free charge, creating the invisible charge wall at the overlapping boundary. The charge wall can trap droplets and polarize them into Janus charged state. It is found that the trapping degree and the charge distribution in the Janus charged droplet depend on the original surface charge on the superamphiphobic surface. The invisible charge wall can also be established at diverse boundary curvatures, allowing to design pathways for droplet manipulations. Furthermore, the enrichment of protein and nanomaterial in the manipulated Janus charged droplet is demonstrated. The strategy provides a potential microfluidic platform with orthogonal functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Xuanming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Boran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Shiji Lin
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
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18
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Manabe K, Saito K, Nakano M, Ohzono T, Norikane Y. Light-Driven Liquid Conveyors: Manipulating Liquid Mobility and Transporting Solids on Demand. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16353-16362. [PMID: 36222696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The intelligent transport of materials at interfaces is essential for a wide range of processes, including chemical microreactions, bioanalysis, and microfabrication. Both passive and active methods have been used to transport droplets, among which light-based techniques have attracted much attention because they are noncontact, safe, reversible, and controllable. However, conventional light-driven systems also involve challenges related to low transport ability and instability. Because of these shortcomings, technologies that can transport and manipulate droplets and microsolids on the same surface have yet to be realized. The present work demonstrates a light-driven system referred to as a liquid conveyor that enables the transport of both water droplets and microsolids. After the incorporation of an azobenzene-based molecular motor capable of undergoing photoisomerization into the surface liquid layer of this system, an isomerization gradient was induced by exposure to ultraviolet light emitting diodes that induced flow in this layer. Various parameters were optimized, including the concentration of the molecular motor compound, the light intensity, the viscosity of the liquid layer, and the droplet volume. This process eventually achieved the horizontal transport of droplets in any direction at varied rates. As a consequence of the limited heat buildup, the lack of droplet deformation, and extremely small contact angle hysteresis in this system, microsolids on droplets were also transported. This liquid conveyor is a promising platform for high-throughput omni-liquid/solid manipulation in the fields of biotechnology, chemistry, and mechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Miki Nakano
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8564, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
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19
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Yang Y, Zhu Q, Xu LP, Zhang X. Bioinspired liquid-infused surface for biomedical and biosensing applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1032640. [PMID: 36246360 PMCID: PMC9557121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1032640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature always inspires us to develop advanced materials for diverse applications. The liquid-infused surface (LIS) inspired by Nepenthes pitcher plants has aroused broad interest in fabricating anti-biofouling materials over the past decade. The infused liquid layer on the solid substrate repels immiscible fluids and displays ultralow adhesion to various biomolecules. Due to these fascinating features, bioinspired LIS has been applied in biomedical-related fields. Here, we review the recent progress of LIS in bioengineering, medical devices, and biosensing, and highlight how the infused liquid layer affects the performance of medical materials. The prospects for the future trend of LIS are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Ping Xu, ; Xueji Zhang,
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Ping Xu, ; Xueji Zhang,
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20
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Zhan Y, Calierno S, Peixoto J, Mitzer L, Broer DJ, Liu D. Light‐ and Field‐Controlled Diffusion, Ejection, Flow and Collection of Liquid at a Nanoporous Liquid Crystal Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207468. [PMID: 35789038 PMCID: PMC9542808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid manipulation at solid surfaces has attracted plenty of interest yet most of them are limited to one or two direction(s), while transport in three dimensions is largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate three‐dimensionally steered dynamic liquid mobility at nanoporous liquid crystal polymer coatings. To this end, we orchestrate liquid motion via sequential triggers of light and/or electric field. Upon a primary flood exposure to UV light, liquid is ejected globally over the entire coating surfaces. We further reallocate the secreted liquid by applying a secondary electric field stimulus. By doing so, the liquid is transported and collected at pre‐set positions as determined by the electrode positions. We further monitor this process in real‐time and perform precise analysis. Interestingly, when applying those two triggers simultaneously, we discover a UV‐gated liquid‐release effect, which decreases threshold voltage as well as threshold frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Serena Calierno
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Naples Federico II Corso Umberto I, 40 80138, NA Napoli Italy
| | - Jacques Peixoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lars Mitzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
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21
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Tenjimbayashi M, Manabe K. A review on control of droplet motion based on wettability modulation: principles, design strategies, recent progress, and applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:473-497. [PMID: 36105915 PMCID: PMC9467603 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transport of liquid droplets plays an essential role in various applications. Modulating the wettability of the material surface is crucial in transporting droplets without external energy, adhesion loss, or intense controllability requirements. Although several studies have investigated droplet manipulation, its design principles have not been categorized considering the mechanical perspective. This review categorizes liquid droplet transport strategies based on wettability modulation into those involving (i) application of driving force to a droplet on non-sticking surfaces, (ii) formation of gradient surface chemistry/structure, and (iii) formation of anisotropic surface chemistry/structure. Accordingly, reported biological and artificial examples, cutting-edge applications, and future perspectives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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22
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Wang H, Xu T, Fu Y, Wang Z, Leeson MS, Jiang J, Liu T. Liquid Crystal Biosensors: Principles, Structure and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080639. [PMID: 36005035 PMCID: PMC9406233 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) have been widely used as sensitive elements to construct LC biosensors based on the principle that specific bonding events between biomolecules can affect the orientation of LC molecules. On the basis of the sensing interface of LC molecules, LC biosensors can be classified into three types: LC–solid interface sensing platforms, LC–aqueous interface sensing platforms, and LC–droplet interface sensing platforms. In addition, as a signal amplification method, the combination of LCs and whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microcavities can provide higher detection sensitivity due to the extremely high quality factor and the small mode volume of the WGM optical microcavity, which enhances the interaction between the light field and biotargets. In this review, we present an overview of the basic principles, the structure, and the applications of LC biosensors. We discuss the important properties of LC and the principle of LC biosensors. The different geometries of LCs in the biosensing systems as well as their applications in the biological detection are then described. The fabrication and the application of the LC-based WGM microcavity optofluidic sensor in the biological detection are also introduced. Finally, challenges and potential research opportunities in the development of LC-based biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (J.J.)
| | - Yaoxin Fu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark S. Leeson
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (J.J.)
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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23
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Borbora A, Manna U. Design of a Super-Liquid Crystal-Phobic Coating for Immobilizing Liquid Crystal μ-Droplets─Without Affecting Their Sensitivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9221-9228. [PMID: 35767825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous interface of nematic liquid crystal (LC) that undergoes a triggered change in ordering transition of mesogens under an appropriate stimulus has emerged as an important tool for various relevant applications. Further, the confinement of LC into a micrometer dimension appeared to be a facile approach for improving their relevant features and performance. However, the optical characterization of ordering transition in a single micrometer-sized, bare, and free-floating LC droplet in the aqueous phase is an extremely challenging task due to unavoidable Brownian motion, which limits its scope for practical applications. Here, we exploited the 1,4-conjugate addition reaction to report a multilayer coating of a reactive nanocomplex that displayed an extreme repellence to beaded LC droplets with tailored adhesive force through the association of adequate orthogonal chemical modifications with glucamine and selected alkyl acrylates. Further, a spatially selective underwater adhesive super-LC-phobic pattern on a hydrophobic background was developed for immobilizing bare and micrometer-sized LC droplets from their aqueous dispersion without having any arbitrary spillage of the aqueous medium. The settled micrometer-sized LC droplets remained efficient for the triggered change in ordering transition from bipolar (having boojum defects at poles) to radial (with a single defect in the center) configuration. Eventually, a simple and fundamentally distinct chemical strategy of immobilizing a soft and functional material by associating bio-inspired wettability allowed to demonstrate the repetitive triggered LC ordering transition in a single and bare LC droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Borbora
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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24
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Guo JK, Gao Y, Ling J, Yuan Y, Wang X, Song JK. Laser processing of microdroplet structure of liquid crystal in 3D. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26018-26026. [PMID: 36236800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Processing of mesoscale structures of soft matter and liquid is of great importance in both science and engineering. In this work, we introduce the concept of laser-assisted micromachining to this field and inject a certain number of microdroplets into a preselected location on the surface of a liquid crystal drop through laser irradiation. The impact of laser energy on the triggered injection is discussed. The sequentially injected microdroplets are spontaneously captured by the defect ring in the host drop and transported along this defect track as micro-cargos. By precisely manipulating the laser beam, the tailored injection of droplets is achieved, and the injected droplets self-assemble into one necklace ring within the host drop. The result provides a bottom-up approach for the in-situ and three-dimensional microfabrication of droplet structure of soft matter using a laser beam, which may be applicable in the development of optical and photonic devices.
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25
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Zhan Y, Calierno S, Peixoto J, Mitzer L, Broer DJ, Liu D. Light‐ and Field‐Controlled Diffusion, Ejection, Flow and Collection of Liquid at a Nanoporous Liquid Crystal Membrane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Serena Calierno
- University of Naples Federico II Faculty of Engineering: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemial Engineering ITALY
| | - Jacques Peixoto
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven CE&E NETHERLANDS
| | - Lars Mitzer
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Danqing Liu
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Den Dolech 2 Eindhoven NETHERLANDS
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26
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Shome A, Das A, Borbora A, Dhar M, Manna U. Role of chemistry in bio-inspired liquid wettability. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5452-5497. [PMID: 35726911 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00255h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry and topography are the two distinct available tools for customizing different bio-inspired liquid wettability including superhydrophobicity, superamphiphobicity, underwater superoleophobicity, underwater superoleophilicity, and liquid infused slippery property. In nature, various living species possessing super and special liquid wettability inherently comprises of distinctly patterned surface topography decorated with low/high surface energy. Inspired from the topographically diverse natural species, the variation in surface topography has been the dominant approach for constructing bio-inspired antiwetting interfaces. However, recently, the modulation of chemistry has emerged as a facile route for the controlled tailoring of a wide range of bio-inspired liquid wettability. This review article aims to summarize the various reports published over the years that has elaborated the distinctive importance of both chemistry and topography in imparting and modulating various bio-inspired wettability. Moreover, this article outlines some obvious advantages of chemical modulation approach over topographical variation. For example, the strategic use of the chemical approach has allowed the facile, simultaneous, and independent tailoring of both liquid wettability and other relevant physical properties. We have also discussed the design of different antiwetting patterned and stimuli-responsive interfaces following the strategic and precise alteration of chemistry for various prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shome
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India.
| | - Avijit Das
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India.
| | - Angana Borbora
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India.
| | - Manideepa Dhar
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India.
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India. .,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India.,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam-781039, India
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27
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Xu Y, Chang Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Dupont RL, Rather AM, Bao X, Wang X. Modularizable Liquid-Crystal-Based Open Surfaces Enable Programmable Chemical Transport and Feeding using Liquid Droplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108788. [PMID: 35333418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based miniature reactors have attracted interest in both fundamental studies, for the unique reaction kinetics they enable, and applications in bio-diagnosis and material synthesis. However, the precise and automatic feeding of chemicals, important for the delicate reactions in these miniaturized chemical reactors, either requires complex, high-cost microfluidic devices or lacks the capability to maintain a pinning-free droplet movement. Here, the design and synthesis of a new class of liquid crystal (LC)-based open surfaces, which enable a controlled chemical release via a programmable LC phase transition without sacrificing the free transport of the droplets, are reported. It is demonstrated that their intrinsic slipperiness and self-healing properties enable a modularizable assembly of LC surfaces that can be loaded with different chemicals to achieve a wide range of chemical reactions carried out within the droplets, including sequential and parallel chemical reactions, crystal growth, and polymer synthesis. Finally, an LC-based chemical feeding device is developed that can automatically control the release of chemicals to direct the simultaneous differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. Overall, these LC surfaces exhibit desirable levels of automation, responsiveness, and controllability for use in miniature droplet carriers and reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adil M Rather
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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28
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Guo Q, Shi D, Yang C, Wu G. Preparation of polymer-based foam for efficient oil-water separation based on surface engineering. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3041-3051. [PMID: 35357391 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The leakages of a large number of organic solvents and oil spills not only cause extensive economic losses, but also destroy the ecological environment. However, there were few studies on the surface engineering of adsorption materials for efficient oil-water separation in complex environments. In this research, through surface engineering, the polymer-based foam exhibited high efficiency oil-water separation performance in different pH environments. Hydrophobic groups were introduced onto the surface of nano-sized SiO2 particles via hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions, and then the modified SiO2 was loaded on the foam. After modification, the water contact angle of the modified foam increased from 116.4° to 152.5°, and the oil-water separation performance was obviously enhanced. The oil removal rate of the modified foam remained above 96%. The highest capacity of petroleum diesel was 33.4 g-1, which was much higher than other similar adsorption materials. In addition, the modified foam maintained good hydrophobicity and oil removal rate in a wide pH range. The efficient oleophilic and hydrophobic foam prepared by combining green physical foaming with surface engineering was expected to be widely used in large-scale organic solvent recovery and oil leakage emergency treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Dean Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Chenguang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineer, Hubei University, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, China.
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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29
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Rather AM, Xu Y, Chang Y, Dupont RL, Borbora A, Kara UI, Fang JC, Mamtani R, Zhang M, Yao Y, Adera S, Bao X, Manna U, Wang X. Stimuli-Responsive Liquid-Crystal-Infused Porous Surfaces for Manipulation of Underwater Gas Bubble Transport and Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110085. [PMID: 35089623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic artificial surfaces that enable the manipulation of gas bubble mobility have been explored in a wide range of applications in nanomaterial synthesis, surface defouling, biomedical diagnostics, and therapeutics. Although many superhydrophobic surfaces and isotropic-lubricant-infused porous surfaces have been developed to manipulate gas bubbles, the simultaneous control over the adhesion and transport of gas bubbles underwater remains a challenge. Thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs), a class of structured fluids, provide an opportunity to tune the behavior of gas bubbles through LC mesophase transitions using a variety of external stimuli. Using this central idea, the design and synthesis of LC-infused porous surfaces (LCIPS) is reported and the effects of the LC mesophase on the transport and adhesion of gas bubbles on LCIPS immersed in water elucidated. LCIPS are demonstrated to be a promising class of surfaces with an unprecedented level of responsiveness and functionality, which enables the design of cyanobacteria-inspired object movement, smart catalysts, and bubble gating devices to sense and sort volatile organic compounds and control oxygen levels in biomimetic cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Majeed Rather
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Robert Lewis Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Angana Borbora
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ufuoma Israel Kara
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jen-Chun Fang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rajdeep Mamtani
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Solomon Adera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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30
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Qu R, Li G. Overview of Liquid Crystal Biosensors: From Basic Theory to Advanced Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040205. [PMID: 35448265 PMCID: PMC9032088 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as the remarkable optical materials possessing stimuli-responsive property and optical modulation property simultaneously, have been utilized to fabricate a wide variety of optical devices. Integrating the LCs and receptors together, LC biosensors aimed at detecting various biomolecules have been extensively explored. Compared with the traditional biosensing technologies, the LC biosensors are simple, visualized, and efficient. Owning to the irreplaceable superiorities, the research enthusiasm for the LC biosensors is rapidly rising. As a result, it is necessary to overview the development of the LC biosensors to guide future work. This article reviews the basic theory and advanced applications of LC biosensors. We first discuss different mesophases and geometries employed to fabricate LC biosensors, after which we introduce various detecting mechanisms involved in biomolecular detection. We then focus on diverse detection targets such as proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. For each of these targets, the development history and state-of-the-art work are exhibited in detail. Finally, the current challenges and potential development directions of the LC biosensors are introduced briefly.
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31
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Astam MO, Zhan Y, Slot TK, Liu D. Active Surfaces Formed in Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22697-22705. [PMID: 35142206 PMCID: PMC9136844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in animating materials to develop dynamic surfaces. These dynamic surfaces can be utilized for advanced applications, including switchable wetting, friction, and lubrication. Dynamic surfaces can also improve existing technologies, for example, by integrating self-cleaning surfaces on solar cells. In this Spotlight on Applications, we describe our most recent advances in liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) dynamic surfaces, focusing on substrate-based topographies and dynamic porous networks. We discuss our latest insights in the mechanisms of deformation with the "free volume" principle. We illustrate the scope of LCN technology through various examples of photo-/electropatterning, free-volume channeling, oscillating/programmable network distortion, and porous LCNs. Finally, we close by discussing prominent applications of LCNs and their outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert O. Astam
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry K. Slot
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Laboratory
of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven AE 5612, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National
Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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