1
|
Xing C, Wang M, Chen Z, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhong Y, Li W, Shen X, Gao H, Wang P. Morphological and Molecular Changes during Limb Regeneration of the Exopalaemon carinicauda. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:685. [PMID: 38473070 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in breeding density of Exopalaemon carinicauda, appendage breakage may occur, which seriously affects survival and economic benefits. To study the limb regeneration process of E. carinicauda, we induced autotomy of the pereopods. After a period of time, wound swelling disappeared, the pigment gradually accumulated, and a tawny film subsequently formed in the wound. The healing period of the wound occurred 24 h after autotomy, and the blastema formation stage occurred 48 h after autotomy. After 4 days of cutting, the limb buds began to differentiate, grow, and expand rapidly, and this process lasted approximately 15 days. Microscopic observations revealed significant changes in the type and number of associated cells including outer epithelial cells, granulocytes, embryonic cells, columnar epidermal cells, elongated cells, and blastoma cells, during the process from limb fracture to regeneration. A comparative transcriptome analysis identified 1415 genes differentially expressed between the J0h (0 h post autotomy) and J18h (18 h post autotomy), and 3952 and 4366 differentially expressed genes for J0 and J14d (14 days post autotomy) and J18h and J14d, respectively. Some of these genes may be related to muscle growth or molting, as indicated by the presence of troponin C, chitinase, actin, innexin, and cathepsin L. As a functional gene involved in epidermal formation, the mRNA expression level of the innexin inx2 in the pereopod of E. carinicauda changed significantly in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). The results of this study contribute to existing knowledge of regeneration mechanisms in crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mintao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhenxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xinlei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Li X, Fu S, Meng Y, Lv X, Zhang X, Liu G, Sun J. Adaptation of Glucose Metabolism to Limb Autotomy and Regeneration in the Chinese Mitten Crab. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:205-213. [PMID: 38227174 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Limb autotomy and regeneration represent distinctive responses of crustaceans to environmental stress. Glucose metabolism plays a pivotal role in energy generation for tissue development and regeneration across various species. However, the relationship between glucose metabolism and tissue regeneration in crustaceans remains elusive. Therefore, this study is aimed at analyzing the alterations of glucose metabolic profile during limb autotomy and regeneration in Eriocheir sinensis, while also evaluating the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on limb regeneration. The results demonstrated that limb autotomy triggered a metabolic profile adaption at the early stage of regeneration. Hemolymph glucose levels were elevated, and multiple glucose catabolic pathways were enhanced in the hepatopancreas. Additionally, glucose and ATP levels in the regenerative limb were upregulated, along with increased expression of glucose transporters. Furthermore, the gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis were repressed in the hepatopancreas. These findings indicate that limb regeneration triggers metabolic profile adaptations to meet the elevated energy requirements. Moreover, the study observed that supplementation with corn starch enhanced limb regeneration capacity by promoting wound healing and blastema growth. Interestingly, dietary carbohydrate addition influenced limb regeneration by stimulating gluconeogenesis rather than glycolysis in the regenerative limb. Thus, these results underscore the adaptation of glucose metabolism during limb autotomy and regeneration, highlighting its essential role in the limb regeneration process of E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Simiao Fu
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yuxuan Meng
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guozheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Shen G, Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Li W, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MAPKK gene family in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and its response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109132. [PMID: 37797870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases of the MAPK cascade family (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK) play an important role in the growth and development of organisms and their response to environmental stress. The MAPKK gene families in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis have never been systematically analyzed. We identified four MAPKK family genes, EsMEK, EsMAPKK4, EsMAPKK6, and EsMAPKK7, in E. sinensis and analyzed their molecular features and expression patterns. All four MAPKK genes are composed of multiple exons and introns, all have a conserved domain, and all have 10 conserved motifs (except EsMEK and EsMAPKK7 which are missing motif 10). The four MAPKK genes are on four different chromosomes and have no gene duplications, and the results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicate that the ESMAPKK gene family is highly conserved evolutionarily. The EsMAPKK genes were widely expressed in all the examined tissues with higher expression in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. Notably, EsMAPKK6 was also highly expressed in the ovary. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection significantly increased the mRNA levels of the EsMAPKK genes in hemocytes. Further disruption of the EsMAPKK gene family expression affects the expression levels of multiple antimicrobial peptides in hemocytes. Our experimental results provide a starting point for a more in-depth study of the innate immunity functional roles of members of the MAPKK gene families in E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Shen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Hou X, Yang H, Liu H, Wang J, Wang C. Molecular interplay between ecdysone receptor and retinoid X receptor in regulating the molting of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1251723. [PMID: 37929030 PMCID: PMC10621794 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1251723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molting is a pivotal biological process regulated by the ecdysteroid signaling pathway that requires molecular coordination of two transcription factors, Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) in arthropods. However, the molecular interplay of EcR and Retinoid X receptor (RXR), the crustacean homolog of USP in the ecdysteroid signaling pathway, is not well understood. Methods In this study, we conducted temporal and spatial expression, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and luciferase reporter assay experiments to investigate the molecular function and interplay of EcR and RXR during the molting process of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Results The results showed that the expression level of RXR was more stable and significantly higher than EcR during the entire molting process. However, the expression level of EcR fluctuated dynamically and increased sharply at the premolt stage. The CO-IP and luciferase reporter assay results confirmed the molecular interplay of EcR and RXR. The heterodimer complex formed by the two transcription factors significantly induced the transcription of E75, an essential gene in the ecdysteroid signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study unveiled the diverse molecular function and molecular interplay of EcR and RXR; RXR is possibly a "constitutive-type" gene, and EcR is possibly a vital speed-limiting gene while both EcR and RXR are required to initiate the ecdysteroid signaling cascade, which may be indispensable for molting regulation in E. sinensis. The results provide a theoretical basis for the endocrine control of molting in E. sinensis and novel insights into the molecular mechanism of molting mediated by the ecdysteroid signaling pathway in crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm Resources Certificated by The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Shanghai Engineering/Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong D, Wei M, Liu D, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Zhang Z. Morphological Observation and Transcriptome Analysis of Ciliogenesis in Urechis unicinctus (Annelida, Echiura). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11537. [PMID: 37511295 PMCID: PMC10380512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early development of marine invertebrates, planktic larvae usually occur, and their body surfaces often form specific types of cilia that are involved in locomotion and feeding. The echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus sequentially undergoes the formation and disappearance of different types of body surface cilia during embryonic and larval development. The morphological characteristics and molecular mechanisms involved in the process remain unclear. In this study, we found that body surface cilia in U. unicinctus embryos and larvae can be distinguished into four types: body surface short cilia, apical tufts, circumoral cilia and telotrochs. Further, distribution and genesis of the body surface cilia were characterized using light microscope and electron microscope. To better understand the molecular mechanism during ciliogenesis, we revealed the embryonic and larval transcriptome profile of the key stages of ciliogenesis in U. unicinctus using RNA-Seq technology. A total of 29,158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from 24 cDNA libraries by RNA-Seq. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that Notch, Wnt and Ca2+ signaling pathways were significantly enriched during the occurrence of apical tufts and circumoral cilia. Furthermore, all DEGs were classified according to their expression pattern, and DEGs with similar expression pattern were grouped into a module. All DEG co-expression modules were correlated with traits (body surface short cilia, apical tufts, circumoral cilia and telotrochs) by WGCNA, the results showed DEGs were divided into 13 modules by gene expression patterns and that the genes in No. 7, No. 8 and No. 10 modules were to be highly correlated with the occurrence of apical tufts, circumoral cilia and telotrochs. The top 10 hub genes in the above three modules were identified to be highly correlated with ciliogenesis, including the reported cilium-related gene Cnbd2 and unreported cilium-related candidate genes FAM181B, Capsl, Chst3, TMIE and Innexin. Notably, Innexin was included in the top10 hub genes of the two modules (No. 7 and No. 8), suggesting that Innexin may play an important role in U. unicinctus apical tufts, circumoral cilia and telotrochs genesis. This study revealed the characteristics of ciliogenesis on the body surface of U. unicinctus embryos and larvae, providing basic data for exploring the molecular mechanism of ciliogenesis on the body surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexu Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Maokai Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Danwen Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kor G, Mengal K, Buřič M, Kozák P, Niksirat H. Granules of immune cells are the source of organelles in the regenerated nerves of crayfish antennae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108787. [PMID: 37141955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration refers to the regrowing and replacing of injured or lost body parts. Crayfish antennae are nervous organs that are crucial for perceiving environmental signals. Immune cells (hemocytes) are responsible for neurogenesis in crayfish. Here, we used transmission electron microscopy to investigate at ultrastructural levels the potential roles of immune cells in nerve regeneration in crayfish antennae after amputation. The results showed that, while all three types of hemocytes were observed during nerve regeneration, granules of semi-granulocytes and granulocytes are the main sources of new organelles such as mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus and nerve fibres in the regenerated nerves of crayfish antennae. We describe the transformation of immune cell granules into different organelles in the regenerating nerve at ultrastructural levels. Also, we observed that the regeneration process speeds up after crayfish moulting. In conclusion, the granules are compacted packages of versatile materials carried by immune cells and can be converted into different organelles during nerve regeneration in crayfish antennae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kor
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Kifayatullah Mengal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Huang X, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Zuo J, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Li J, Sun J. Hippo Signaling Regulates Blastema Formation During Limb Regeneration in Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:204-213. [PMID: 36586014 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Limb autotomy and regeneration are specific adaptations of crustaceans in response to external stress and attacks, which make them a suitable model to investigate the mechanism of organ regeneration in invertebrates. In this study, the Hippo gene of Eriocheir sinensis (EsHPO) was identified, and the effects of Hippo signaling on limb regeneration were evaluated. The expression of EsHPO and other key components of Hippo signaling was down-regulated during the basal growth phase in response to limb autotomy stress and then up-regulated during the proecdysial growth phase. The descending expression patterns of Hippo signal components were correlated with transcriptional activation of YKI and downstream target genes during the blastema formation stage, which suggested that Hippo signaling plays a key role during limb regeneration in E. sinensis. To further test the hypothesis, the transcription factor YKI was blocked via verteporfin injection after autotomy, which disrupted limb regeneration by repressing wound healing and preventing blastema emergence. Furthermore, our experiments revealed that the proliferation of blastema cells was blocked by verteporfin. In addition, the expression of genes related to ECM remodeling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis resistance was down-regulated following the injection of verteporfin. Our findings therefore indicate that Hippo signaling is essential for successful wound healing and limb regeneration in E. sinensis by inducing ECM remodeling, as well as promoting the proliferation and repressing the apoptosis of blastema cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xinrui Huang
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinmei Zuo
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zengzhi Yuan
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance/College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance/College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Li
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance/College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance/College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|