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Larasati YA, Thiel M, Koval A, Silachev DN, Koy A, Katanaev VL. Zinc for GNAO1 encephalopathy: Preclinical profiling and a clinical case. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00305-2. [PMID: 39153472 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo pathogenic variants in GNAO1-the gene encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo-cause pediatric encephalopathies and other neurological deficiencies largely refractory to available therapies. Zn2+ emerged to restore guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis and cellular interactions of pathogenic Gαo; dietary zinc salt supplementation improves lifespan and motoric function in a Drosophila disease model. METHODS Using biochemical, animal, and first-in-human studies, we provide support for the patient stratification and application of zinc acetate in GNAO1-associated disorders. FINDINGS We show that 16 different pathogenic missense variants cluster in three distinct groups in their responsiveness to Zn2+, and we provide the safety study in a mouse disease model. We further describe treatment of a 3-year-old patient with the common pathogenic GNAO1 variant c607G>A, p.Gly203Arg with oral 50 mg zinc (in the form of zinc acetate) daily, as applied in Wilson's disease. During 11 months of treatment, the patient shows cessation of daily dyskinetic crises, improved Burke-Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale movement score, reduction in epileptic seizures, and an excellent safety profile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings warrant a large-scale clinical trial and might set the new standard of care for GNAO1-related disorders. FUNDING This work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant #21-15-00138) and GNAO1 España.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | - Anne Koy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia.
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2
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Knight KM, Krumm BE, Kapolka NJ, Ludlam WG, Cui M, Mani S, Prytkova I, Obarow EG, Lefevre TJ, Wei W, Ma N, Huang XP, Fay JF, Vaidehi N, Smrcka AV, Slesinger PA, Logothetis DE, Martemyanov KA, Roth BL, Dohlman HG. A neurodevelopmental disorder mutation locks G proteins in the transitory pre-activated state. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6643. [PMID: 39103320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many neurotransmitter receptors activate G proteins through exchange of GDP for GTP. The intermediate nucleotide-free state has eluded characterization, due largely to its inherent instability. Here we characterize a G protein variant associated with a rare neurological disorder in humans. GαoK46E has a charge reversal that clashes with the phosphate groups of GDP and GTP. As anticipated, the purified protein binds poorly to guanine nucleotides yet retains wild-type affinity for G protein βγ subunits. In cells with physiological concentrations of nucleotide, GαoK46E forms a stable complex with receptors and Gβγ, impeding effector activation. Further, we demonstrate that the mutant can be easily purified in complex with dopamine-bound D2 receptors, and use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure, including both domains of Gαo, without nucleotide or stabilizing nanobodies. These findings reveal the molecular basis for the first committed step of G protein activation, establish a mechanistic basis for a neurological disorder, provide a simplified strategy to determine receptor-G protein structures, and a method to detect high affinity agonist binding in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kapolka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Grant Ludlam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iya Prytkova
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Obarow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tyler J Lefevre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenyuan Wei
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Taira R, Akamine S, Okuzono S, Fujii F, Hatai E, Yonemoto K, Takemoto R, Kato H, Masuda K, Kato TA, Kira R, Tsujimura K, Yamamura K, Ozaki N, Ohga S, Sakai Y. Gnao1 is a molecular switch that regulates the Rho signaling pathway in differentiating neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17097. [PMID: 39048611 PMCID: PMC11269603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 encodes G protein subunit alpha O1 (Gαo). Pathogenic variations in GNAO1 cause developmental delay, intractable seizures, and progressive involuntary movements from early infancy. Because the functional role of GNAO1 in the developing brain remains unclear, therapeutic strategies are still unestablished for patients presenting with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy. We herein report that siRNA-mediated depletion of Gnao1 perturbs the expression of transcripts associated with Rho GTPase signaling in Neuro2a cells. Consistently, siRNA treatment hampered neurite outgrowth and extension. Growth cone formation was markedly disrupted in monolayer neurons differentiated from iPSCs from a patient with a pathogenic variant of Gαo (p.G203R). This variant disabled neuro-spherical assembly, acquisition of the organized structure, and polarized signals of phospho-MLC2 in cortical organoids from the patient's iPSCs. We confirmed that the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 restored these morphological phenotypes. Thus, Gαo determines the self-organizing process of the developing brain by regulating the Rho-associated pathway. These data suggest that Rho GTPase pathway might be an alternative target of therapy for patients with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Hatai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yonemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd., Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Lasa-Aranzasti A, Larasati YA, da Silva Cardoso J, Solis GP, Koval A, Cazurro-Gutiérrez A, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Miranda MC, De la Casa-Fages B, Moreno-Galdó A, Tizzano EF, Gómez-Andrés D, Verdura E, Katanaev VL, Pérez-Dueñas B. Clinical and Molecular Profiling in GNAO1 Permits Phenotype-Genotype Correlation. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38881224 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in GNAO1, the gene encoding the major neuronal G-protein Gαo, are related to neurodevelopmental disorders, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of how molecular mechanisms explain the different phenotypes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the clinical phenotype and the molecular characterization of GNAO1-related disorders. METHODS Patients were recruited in collaboration with the Spanish GNAO1 Association. For patient phenotyping, direct clinical evaluation, analysis of homemade-videos, and an online questionnaire completed by families were analyzed. We studied Gαo cellular expression, the interactions of the partner proteins, and binding to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RESULTS Eighteen patients with GNAO1 genetic defects had a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, epilepsy, central hypotonia, and movement disorders. Eleven patients showed neurological deterioration, recurrent hyperkinetic crisis with partial recovery, and secondary complications leading to death in three cases. Deep brain stimulation improved hyperkinetic crisis, but had inconsistent benefits in dystonia. The molecular defects caused by pathogenic Gαo were aberrant GTP binding and hydrolysis activities, an inability to interact with cellular binding partners, and reduced coupling to GPCRs. Decreased localization of Gαo in the plasma membrane was correlated with the phenotype of "developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17." We observed a genotype-phenotype correlation, pathogenic variants in position 203 were related to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, whereas those in position 209 were related to neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements. Milder phenotypes were associated with other molecular defects such as del.16q12.2q21 and I344del. CONCLUSION We highlight the complexity of the motor phenotype, which is characterized by fluctuations throughout the day, and hyperkinetic crisis with a distinct post-hyperkinetic crisis state. We confirm a molecular-based genotype-phenotype correlation for specific variants. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Paris, France
| | - Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliana da Silva Cardoso
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Serviço de Pediatria do Centro Materno infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cazurro-Gutiérrez
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- U-703 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Concepción Miranda
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz De la Casa-Fages
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno-Galdó
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Rare diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo F Tizzano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Paris, France
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Vall Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Rare diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Solis GP, Koval A, Valnohova J, Kazemzadeh A, Savitsky M, Katanaev VL. Neomorphic Gαo mutations gain interaction with Ric8 proteins in GNAO1 encephalopathies. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172057. [PMID: 38874642 PMCID: PMC11291268 DOI: 10.1172/jci172057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 mutated in pediatric encephalopathies encodes the major neuronal G protein Gαo. Of the more than 80 pathogenic mutations, most are single amino acid substitutions spreading across the Gαo sequence. We performed extensive characterization of Gαo mutants, showing abnormal GTP uptake and hydrolysis and deficiencies in binding Gβγ and RGS19. Plasma membrane localization of Gαo was decreased for a subset of mutations that leads to epilepsy; dominant interactions with GPCRs also emerged for the more severe mutants. Pathogenic mutants massively gained interaction with Ric8A and, surprisingly, Ric8B proteins, relocalizing them from cytoplasm to Golgi. Of these 2 mandatory Gα-subunit chaperones, Ric8A is normally responsible for the Gαi/Gαo, Gαq, and Gα12/Gα13 subfamilies, and Ric8B solely responsible for Gαs/Gαolf. Ric8 mediates the disease dominance when engaging in neomorphic interactions with pathogenic Gαo through imbalance of the neuronal G protein signaling networks. As the strength of Gαo-Ric8B interactions correlates with disease severity, our study further identifies an efficient biomarker and predictor for clinical manifestations in GNAO1 encephalopathies. Our work uncovers the neomorphic molecular mechanism of mutations underlying pediatric encephalopathies and offers insights into other maladies caused by G protein malfunctioning and further genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo P. Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arghavan Kazemzadeh
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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6
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Vogt L, Quiroz V, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Emerging therapies for childhood-onset movement disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:331-341. [PMID: 38655812 PMCID: PMC11047116 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight novel and emerging therapies in the treatment of childhood-onset movement disorders. We structured this review by therapeutic entity (small molecule drugs, RNA-targeted therapeutics, gene replacement therapy, and neuromodulation), recognizing that there are two main approaches to treatment: symptomatic (based on phenomenology) and molecular mechanism-based therapy or 'precision medicine' (which is disease-modifying). RECENT FINDINGS We highlight reports of new small molecule drugs for Tourette syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia and Rett syndrome. We also discuss developments in gene therapy for aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and hereditary spastic paraplegia, as well as current work exploring optimization of deep brain stimulation and lesioning with focused ultrasound. SUMMARY Childhood-onset movement disorders have traditionally been treated symptomatically based on phenomenology, but focus has recently shifted toward targeted molecular mechanism-based therapeutics. The development of precision therapies is driven by increasing capabilities for genetic testing and a better delineation of the underlying disease mechanisms. We highlight novel and exciting approaches to the treatment of genetic childhood-onset movement disorders while also discussing general challenges in therapy development for rare diseases. We provide a framework for molecular mechanism-based treatment approaches, a summary of specific treatments for various movement disorders, and a clinical trial readiness framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Vogt
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicente Quiroz
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Falsaperla R, Sortino V, Marino SD, Collotta AD, Gammeri C, Sipala FM, Volti GL, Ruggieri M, Ronsisvalle S. Molecular Dynamic Simulations to Determine Individualized Therapy: Tetrabenazine for the GNAO1 Encephalopathy E246K Variant. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:329-337. [PMID: 38581611 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GNAO1 encephalopathy is characterized by severe hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Genetic variations in GNAO1 have been linked to neurological symptoms including movement disorders like dystonia. The correlation between the E246K mutation in the Gα subunit and aberrant signal transduction of G proteins has been established but no data are reported regarding the efficacy of medical treatment with tetrabenazine. METHODS Molecular modeling studies were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this mutation. We developed drug efficacy models using molecular dynamic simulations that replicated the behavior of wild-type and mutated proteins in the presence or absence of ligands. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We demonstrated that the absence of the mutation leads to normal signal transduction upon receptor activation by the endogenous ligand, but not in the presence of tetrabenazine. In contrast, the presence of the mutation resulted in abnormal signal transduction in the presence of the endogenous ligand, which was corrected by the drug tetrabenazine. Tetrabenazine was identified as a promising therapeutic option for pediatric patients suffering from encephalopathy due to an E246K mutation in the GNAO1 gene validated through molecular dynamics. This is a potential first example of the use of this technique in a rare neurological pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Accompaniment Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "Rodolico-San Marco", San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy.
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Sortino
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Domenica Marino
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Ausilia Desiree Collotta
- Unit of Clinical Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, "Rodolico-San Marco", San Marco Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Gammeri
- Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Unit of Clinical Pediatrics, Unit of Rare Diseases, AOU "Policlinico", PO "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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8
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Klementieva NV, Lunev EA, Shmidt AA, Loseva EM, Savchenko IM, Svetlova EA, Galkin II, Polikarpova AV, Usachev EV, Vassilieva SG, Marina VI, Dzhenkova MA, Romanova AD, Agutin AV, Timakova AA, Reshetov DA, Egorova TV, Bardina MV. RNA Interference Effectors Selectively Silence the Pathogenic Variant GNAO1 c.607 G > A In Vitro. Nucleic Acid Ther 2024; 34:90-99. [PMID: 38215303 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics hold the potential for dominant genetic disorders, enabling sequence-specific inhibition of pathogenic gene products. We aimed to direct RNAi for the selective suppression of the heterozygous GNAO1 c.607 G > A variant causing GNAO1 encephalopathy. By screening short interfering RNA (siRNA), we showed that GNAO1 c.607G>A is a druggable target for RNAi. The si1488 candidate achieved at least twofold allelic discrimination and downregulated mutant protein to 35%. We created vectorized RNAi by incorporating the si1488 sequence into the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. The shRNA stem and loop were modified to improve the transcription, processing, and guide strand selection. All tested shRNA constructs demonstrated selectivity toward mutant GNAO1, while tweaking hairpin structure only marginally affected the silencing efficiency. The selectivity of shRNA-mediated silencing was confirmed in the context of AAV vector transduction. To conclude, RNAi effectors ranging from siRNA to AAV-RNAi achieve suppression of the pathogenic GNAO1 c.607G>A and discriminate alleles by the single-nucleotide substitution. For gene therapy development, it is crucial to demonstrate the benefit of these RNAi effectors in patient-specific neurons and animal models of the GNAO1 encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Klementieva
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | - Evgenii A Lunev
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shmidt
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina M Savchenko
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Svetlova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ivan I Galkin
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Polikarpova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Usachev
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Vassilieva
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | | | - Marina A Dzhenkova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | - Anna D Romanova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Agutin
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow Region "Balashikha Hospital," Balashikha, Russia
| | - Anna A Timakova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Egorova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
| | - Maryana V Bardina
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Benedetti MC, D'andrea T, Colantoni A, Silachev D, de Turris V, Boussadia Z, Babenko VA, Volovikov EA, Belikova L, Bogomazova AN, Pepponi R, Whye D, Buttermore ED, Tartaglia GG, Lagarkova MA, Katanaev VL, Musayev I, Martinelli S, Fucile S, Rosa A. Cortical neurons obtained from patient-derived iPSCs with GNAO1 p.G203R variant show altered differentiation and functional properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26656. [PMID: 38434323 PMCID: PMC10907651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the GNAO1 gene, encoding the alpha subunit of an inhibitory heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Go) highly expressed in the mammalian brain, have been linked to encephalopathy characterized by different combinations of neurological symptoms, including developmental delay, hypotonia, epilepsy and hyperkinetic movement disorder with life-threatening paroxysmal exacerbations. Currently, there are only symptomatic treatments, and little is known about the pathophysiology of GNAO1-related disorders. Here, we report the characterization of a new in vitro model system based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying the recurrent p.G203R amino acid substitution in Gαo, and a CRISPR-Cas9-genetically corrected isogenic control line. RNA-Seq analysis highlighted aberrant cell fate commitment in neuronal progenitor cells carrying the p.G203R pathogenic variant. Upon differentiation into cortical neurons, patients' cells showed reduced expression of early neural genes and increased expression of astrocyte markers, as well as premature and defective differentiation processes leading to aberrant formation of neuronal rosettes. Of note, comparable defects in gene expression and in the morphology of neural rosettes were observed in hiPSCs from an unrelated individual harboring the same GNAO1 variant. Functional characterization showed lower basal intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), reduced frequency of spontaneous activity, and a smaller response to several neurotransmitters in 40- and 50-days differentiated p.G203R neurons compared to control cells. These findings suggest that the GNAO1 pathogenic variant causes a neurodevelopmental phenotype characterized by aberrant differentiation of both neuronal and glial populations leading to a significant alteration of neuronal communication and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Benedetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziano D'andrea
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Silachev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Egor A. Volovikov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Belikova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Bogomazova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Dosh Whye
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Buttermore
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Maria A. Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
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10
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Solis GP, Larasati YA, Thiel M, Koval A, Koy A, Katanaev VL. GNAO1 Mutations Affecting the N-Terminal α-Helix of Gαo Lead to Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2024; 39:601-606. [PMID: 38358016 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients carrying pathogenic variants in GNAO1 present a phenotypic spectrum ranging from severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and developmental delay to mild adolescent/adult-onset dystonia. Genotype-phenotype correlation and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain understudied. METHODS We analyzed the clinical course of a child carrying the novel GNAO1 mutation c.38T>C;p.Leu13Pro, and structural, biochemical, and cellular properties of the corresponding mutant Gαo-GNAO1-encoded protein-alongside the related mutation c.68T>C;p.Leu23Pro. RESULTS The main clinical feature was parkinsonism with bradykinesia and rigidity, unlike the hyperkinetic movement disorder commonly associated with GNAO1 mutations. The Leu ➔ Pro substitutions have no impact on enzymatic activity or overall folding of Gαo but uniquely destabilize the N-terminal α-helix, blocking formation of the heterotrimeric G-protein and disabling activation by G-protein-coupled receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our study defines a parkinsonism phenotype within the spectrum of GNAO1 disorders and suggests a genotype-phenotype correlation by GNAO1 mutations targeting the N-terminal α-helix of Gαo. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo P Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Koy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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11
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Knight KM, Obarow EG, Wei W, Mani S, Esteller MI, Cui M, Ma N, Martin SA, Brinson E, Hewitt N, Soden GM, Logothetis DE, Vaidehi N, Dohlman HG. Molecular annotation of G protein variants in a neurological disorder. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113462. [PMID: 37980565 PMCID: PMC10872635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce extracellular chemical messages to generate appropriate intracellular responses. Point mutations in GNAO1, encoding the G protein αo subunit, have been implicated in a pathogenic condition characterized by seizures, movement disorders, intellectual disability, and developmental delay (GNAO1 disorder). However, the effects of these mutations on G protein structure and function are unclear. Here, we report the effects of 55 mutations on Gαo conformation, thermostability, nucleotide binding, and hydrolysis, as well as interaction with Gβγ subunits, receptors, and effectors. Our effort reveals four functionally distinct groups of mutants, including one group that sequesters receptors and another that sequesters Gβγ, both acting in a genetically dominant manner. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of disease-relevant mutations and reveal that GNAO1 disorder is likely composed of multiple mechanistically distinct disorders that will likely require multiple therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Obarow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wenyuan Wei
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sepehr Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria I Esteller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Brinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie Hewitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaby M Soden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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12
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Galosi S, Novelli M, Di Rocco M, Flex E, Messina E, Pollini L, Parrini E, Pisani F, Guerrini R, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S. GNAO1 Haploinsufficiency: The Milder End of the GNAO1 Phenotypic Spectrum. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2313-2314. [PMID: 37632268 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Novelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pollini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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13
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Sun M, Cai Z, Li C, Hao Y, Xu X, Qian K, Li H, Guo Y, Liang A, Han L, Shang H, Jia W, Cao Y, Wang C, Ma C, White JC, Xing B. Nanoscale ZnO Improves the Amino Acids and Lipids in Tomato Fruits and the Subsequent Assimilation in a Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Tract Model. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19938-19951. [PMID: 37782568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of nanoenabled agrochemicals, it is essential to evaluate the food safety of nanomaterials (NMs)-treated vegetable crops in full life cycle studies as well as their potential impacts on human health. Tomato seedlings were foliarly sprayed with 50 mg/L ZnO NMs, including ZnO quantum dots (QDs) and ZnO nanoparticles once per week over 11 weeks. The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs increased fruit dry weight and yield per plant by 39.1% and 24.9, respectively. It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively. The tomato fruit metabolome of tomatoes showed that ZnO NMs upregulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipid metabolism and elevated the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ZnO NMs-treated tomato fruits were then digested in a human gastrointestinal tract model. The results of essential mineral release suggested that the ZnO QDs treatment increased the bioaccessibility of K, Zn, and Cu by 14.8-35.1% relative to the control. Additionally, both types of ZnO NMs had no negative impact on the α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin activities. The digested fruit metabolome in the intestinal fluid demonstrated that ZnO NMs did not interfere with the normal process of human digestion. Importantly, ZnO NMs treatments increased the glycerophospholipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides in the intestinal fluids of tomato fruits. This study suggests that nanoscale Zn can be potentially used to increase the nutritional value of vegetable crops and can be an important tool to sustainably increase food quality and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaozu Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Anqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heping Shang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weili Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environmental and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
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14
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Larasati YA, Solis GP, Koval A, Griffiths ST, Berentsen R, Aukrust I, Lesca G, Chatron N, Ville D, Korff CM, Katanaev VL. Clinical Cases and the Molecular Profiling of a Novel Childhood Encephalopathy-Causing GNAO1 Mutation P170R. Cells 2023; 12:2469. [PMID: 37887313 PMCID: PMC10605901 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in GNAO1, the gene encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, cause a spectrum of pediatric encephalopathies with seizures, motor dysfunction, and developmental delay. Of the >80 distinct missense pathogenic variants, many appear to uniformly destabilize the guanine nucleotide handling of the mutant protein, speeding up GTP uptake and deactivating GTP hydrolysis. Zinc supplementation emerges as a promising treatment option for this disease, as Zn2+ ions reactivate the GTP hydrolysis on the mutant Gαo and restore cellular interactions for some of the mutants studied earlier. The molecular etiology of GNAO1 encephalopathies needs further elucidation as a prerequisite for the development of efficient therapeutic approaches. In this work, we combine clinical and medical genetics analysis of a novel GNAO1 mutation with an in-depth molecular dissection of the resultant protein variant. We identify two unrelated patients from Norway and France with a previously unknown mutation in GNAO1, c.509C>G that results in the production of the Pro170Arg mutant Gαo, leading to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Molecular investigations of Pro170Arg identify this mutant as a unique representative of the pathogenic variants. Its 100-fold-accelerated GTP uptake is not accompanied by a loss in GTP hydrolysis; Zn2+ ions induce a previously unseen effect on the mutant, forcing it to lose the bound GTP. Our work combining clinical and molecular analyses discovers a novel, biochemically distinct pathogenic missense variant of GNAO1 laying the ground for personalized treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonika A. Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Gonzalo P. Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Silja T. Griffiths
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Berentsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.)
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Christian M. Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
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15
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Katanaev VL. Humanization for neurological disease modeling: A roadmap to increase the potential of Drosophila model systems. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:230-236. [PMID: 37323110 PMCID: PMC10272901 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience and neurology research is dominated by experimentation with rodents. Around 75% of neurology disease-associated genes have orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly amenable to complex neurological and behavioral investigations. However, non-vertebrate models including Drosophila have so far been unable to significantly replace mice and rats in this field of studies. One reason for this situation is the predominance of gene overexpression (and gene loss-of-function) methodologies used when establishing a Drosophila model of a given neurological disease, a strategy that does not recapitulate accurately enough the genetic disease conditions. I argue here the need for a systematic humanization approach, whereby the Drosophila orthologs of human disease genes are replaced with the human sequences. This approach will identify the list of diseases and the underlying genes that can be adequately modeled in the fruit fly. I discuss the neurological disease genes to which this systematic humanization approach should be applied and provide an example of such an application, and consider its importance for subsequent disease modeling and drug discovery in Drosophila. I argue that this paradigm will not only advance our understanding of the molecular etiology of a number of neurological disorders, but will also gradually enable researchers to reduce experimentation using rodent models of multiple neurological diseases and eventually replace these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- HumanaFly Facility, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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Polikarpova AV, Egorova TV, Lunev EA, Tsitrina AA, Vassilieva SG, Savchenko IM, Silaeva YY, Deykin AV, Bardina MV. CRISPR/Cas9-generated mouse model with humanizing single-base substitution in the Gnao1 for safety studies of RNA therapeutics. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1034720. [PMID: 37077890 PMCID: PMC10106585 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1034720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of personalized medicine for genetic diseases requires preclinical testing in the appropriate animal models. GNAO1 encephalopathy is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous de novo mutations in the GNAO1 gene. GNAO1 c.607 G>A is one of the most common pathogenic variants, and the mutant protein Gαo-G203R likely adversely affects neuronal signaling. As an innovative approach, sequence-specific RNA-based therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides or effectors of RNA interference are potentially applicable for selective suppression of the mutant GNAO1 transcript. While in vitro validation can be performed in patient-derived cells, a humanized mouse model to rule out the safety of RNA therapeutics is currently lacking. In the present work, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce a single-base substitution into exon 6 of the Gnao1 to replace the murine Gly203-coding triplet (GGG) with the codon used in the human gene (GGA). We verified that genome-editing did not interfere with the Gnao1 mRNA or Gαo protein synthesis and did not alter localization of the protein in the brain structures. The analysis of blastocysts revealed the off-target activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 complexes; however, no modifications of the predicted off-target sites were detected in the founder mouse. Histological staining confirmed the absence of abnormal changes in the brain of genome-edited mice. The created mouse model with the “humanized” fragment of the endogenous Gnao1 is suitable to rule out unintended targeting of the wild-type allele by RNA therapeutics directed at lowering GNAO1 c.607 G>A transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Polikarpova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Egorova
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
| | - Evgenii A. Lunev
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Tsitrina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vassilieva
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
| | - Irina M. Savchenko
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Y. Silaeva
- Core Facility Center, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Deykin
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
- Core Facility Center, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Genome Editing for Biomedicine and Animal Health, Joint Center for Genetic Technologies, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maryana V. Bardina
- Laboratory of Modeling and Gene Therapy of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Marlin Biotech, Sochi, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Maryana V. Bardina,
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Hall AG, King JC. The Molecular Basis for Zinc Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076561. [PMID: 37047530 PMCID: PMC10095312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency is perhaps the most prevalent and least understood worldwide. Recent advances have expanded the understanding of zinc’s unique chemistry and molecular roles in a vast array of critical functions. However, beyond the concept of zinc absorption, few studies have explored the molecular basis of zinc bioavailability that determines the proportion of dietary zinc utilized in zinc-dependent processes in the body. The purpose of this review is to merge the concepts of zinc molecular biology and bioavailability with a focus on the molecular determinants of zinc luminal availability, absorption, transport, and utilization.
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Katanaev VL. Gln52 mutations in GNAO1-related disorders and personalized drug discovery. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2023; 24:100598. [PMID: 38106673 PMCID: PMC10724470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
•Gln52 mutations have been found in patients with GNAO1-related disorders.•Gln52 can be mutated to Pro and Arg, leading to different clinical manifestations.•Personalized drug discovery is tailored to specific GNAO1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia
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Koval A, Larasati YA, Savitsky M, Solis GP, Good JM, Quinodoz M, Rivolta C, Superti-Furga A, Katanaev VL. In-depth molecular profiling of an intronic GNAO1 mutant as the basis for personalized high-throughput drug screening. MED 2023; 4:311-325.e7. [PMID: 37001522 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GNAO1 gene, encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, is mutated in a subset of pediatric encephalopathies. Most such mutations consist of missense variants. METHODS In this study, we present a precision medicine workflow combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) diagnostics, molecular etiology analysis, and personalized drug discovery. FINDINGS We describe a patient carrying a de novo intronic mutation (NM_020988.3:c.724-8G>A), leading to epilepsy-negative encephalopathy with motor dysfunction from the second decade. Our data show that this mutation creates a novel splice acceptor site that in turn causes an in-frame insertion of two amino acid residues, Pro-Gln, within the regulatory switch III region of Gαo. This insertion misconfigures the switch III loop and creates novel interactions with the catalytic switch II region, resulting in increased GTP uptake, defective GTP hydrolysis, and aberrant interactions with effector proteins. In contrast, intracellular localization, Gβγ interactions, and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupling of the Gαo[insPQ] mutant protein remain unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This in-depth analysis characterizes the heterozygous c.724-8G>A mutation as partially dominant negative, providing clues to the molecular etiology of this specific pathology. Further, this analysis allows us to establish and validate a high-throughput screening platform aiming at identifying molecules that could correct the aberrant biochemical functions of the mutant Gαo. FUNDING This work was supported by the Joint Seed Money Funding scheme between the University of Geneva and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Good
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Di Rocco M, Galosi S, Follo FC, Lanza E, Folli V, Martire A, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S. Phenotypic Assessment of Pathogenic Variants in GNAO1 and Response to Caffeine in C. elegans Models of the Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 36833246 PMCID: PMC9957173 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations affecting the G protein α o subunit (Gαo)-encoding gene (GNAO1) cause childhood-onset developmental delay, hyperkinetic movement disorders, and epilepsy. Recently, we established Caenorhabditis elegans as an informative experimental model for deciphering pathogenic mechanisms associated with GNAO1 defects and identifying new therapies. In this study, we generated two additional gene-edited strains that harbor pathogenic variants which affect residues Glu246 and Arg209-two mutational hotspots in Gαo. In line with previous findings, biallelic changes displayed a variable hypomorphic effect on Gαo-mediated signaling that led to the excessive release of neurotransmitters by different classes of neurons, which, in turn, caused hyperactive egg laying and locomotion. Of note, heterozygous variants showed a cell-specific dominant-negative behavior, which was strictly dependent on the affected residue. As with previously generated mutants (S47G and A221D), caffeine was effective in attenuating the hyperkinetic behavior of R209H and E246K animals, indicating that its efficacy is mutation-independent. Conversely, istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was effective in R209H animals but not in E246K worms, suggesting that caffeine acts through both adenosine receptor-dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Overall, our findings provide new insights into disease mechanisms and further support the potential efficacy of caffeine in controlling dyskinesia associated with pathogenic GNAO1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca C. Follo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Lanza
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Folli
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- D-tails s.r.l., 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Martire
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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