1
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Beiter J, Voth GA. Making the cut: Multiscale simulation of membrane remodeling. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102831. [PMID: 38740001 PMCID: PMC11283976 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biological membranes are dynamic heterogeneous materials, and their shape and organization are tightly coupled to the properties of the proteins in and around them. However, the length scales of lipid and protein dynamics are far below the size of membrane-bound organelles, much less an entire cell. Therefore, multiscale modeling approaches are often necessary to build a comprehensive picture of the interplay of these factors, and have provided critical insights into our understanding of membrane dynamics. Here, we review computational methods for studying membrane remodeling, as well as passive and active examples of protein-driven membrane remodeling. As the field advances towards the modeling of key aspects of organelles and whole cells - an increasingly accessible regime of study - we summarize here recent successes and offer comments on future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeriann Beiter
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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2
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Ruhoff VT, Leijnse N, Doostmohammadi A, Bendix PM. Filopodia: integrating cellular functions with theoretical models. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00113-2. [PMID: 38969554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Filopodia, widely distributed on cell surfaces, are distinguished by their dynamic extensions, playing pivotal roles in a myriad of biological processes. Their functions span from mechanosensing and guidance to cell-cell communication during cellular organization in the early embryo. Filopodia have significant roles in pathogenic processes, such as cancer invasion and viral dissemination. Molecular mapping of the filopodome has revealed generic components essential for filopodia functions. In parallel, recent insights into biophysical mechanisms governing filopodia dynamics have provided the foundation for broader investigations of filopodia's biological functions. We highlight recent discoveries of engagement of filopodia in various stages of development and pathogenesis and present an overview of intricate molecular and physical features of these cellular structures across a spectrum of cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natascha Leijnse
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
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3
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Tsai FC, Guérin G, Pernier J, Bassereau P. Actin-membrane linkers: Insights from synthetic reconstituted systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151402. [PMID: 38461706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Gwendal Guérin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pernier
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
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4
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Wen CY, Luo YL, Madsen JJ. Optimizing Coarse-Grained Models for Large-Scale Membrane Protein Simulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.594009. [PMID: 38798639 PMCID: PMC11118278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.594009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Coarse-grained (CG) models have been developed for studying membrane proteins at physiologically relevant scales. Such methods, including popular CG lipid models, exhibit stability and efficiency at moderate scales, but they can become impractical or even unusable beyond a critical size due to various technical issues. Here, we report that these scale-dependent issues can arise from progressively slower relaxation dynamics and become confounded by unforeseen instabilities observed only at larger scales. To address these issues, we systemically optimized a 4-site solvent-free CG lipid model that is suitable for conducting micron-scale molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins under various membrane properties. We applied this lipid model to explore the long-range membrane deformation induced by a large mechanosensitive ion channel, PIEZO. We show that the optimized CG models are powerful in elucidating the structural and dynamic interplay between PIEZO and the membrane. Furthermore, we anticipate that our methodological insights can prove useful for resolving issues stemming from scale-dependent limitations of similar CG methodologies.
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5
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Picas L, André-Arpin C, Comunale F, Bousquet H, Tsai FC, Rico F, Maiuri P, Pernier J, Bodin S, Nicot AS, Laporte J, Bassereau P, Goud B, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Miserey S. BIN1 regulates actin-membrane interactions during IRSp53-dependent filopodia formation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:549. [PMID: 38724689 PMCID: PMC11082164 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) is a membrane and actin remodeling protein mutated in congenital and adult centronuclear myopathies. Here, we report an unexpected function of this N-BAR domain protein BIN1 in filopodia formation. We demonstrated that BIN1 expression is necessary and sufficient to induce filopodia formation. BIN1 is present at the base of forming filopodia and all along filopodia, where it colocalizes with F-actin. We identify that BIN1-mediated filopodia formation requires IRSp53, which allows its localization at negatively-curved membrane topologies. Our results show that BIN1 bundles actin in vitro. Finally, we identify that BIN1 regulates the membrane-to-cortex architecture and functions as a molecular platform to recruit actin-binding proteins, dynamin and ezrin, to promote filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France.
| | - Charlotte André-Arpin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Félix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, U1325 INSERM, DyNaMo, Turing center for living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U1258, UMR7104 Strasbourg University, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Miserey
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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6
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Johnson DH, Kou OH, Bouzos N, Zeno WF. Protein-membrane interactions: sensing and generating curvature. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:401-416. [PMID: 38508884 PMCID: PMC11069444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biological membranes are integral cellular structures that can be curved into various geometries. These curved structures are abundant in cells as they are essential for various physiological processes. However, curved membranes are inherently unstable, especially on nanometer length scales. To stabilize curved membranes, cells can utilize proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature. In this review, we summarize recent research that has advanced our understanding of interactions between proteins and curved membrane surfaces, as well as work that has expanded our ability to study curvature sensing and generation. Additionally, we look at specific examples of cellular processes that require membrane curvature, such as neurotransmission, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Johnson
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Orianna H Kou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nicoletta Bouzos
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Wade F Zeno
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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7
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Zhu K, Guo X, Chandrasekaran A, Miao X, Rangamani P, Zhao W, Miao Y. Membrane curvature catalyzes actin nucleation through nano-scale condensation of N-WASP-FBP17. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591054. [PMID: 38712166 PMCID: PMC11071460 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Actin remodeling is spatiotemporally regulated by surface topographical cues on the membrane for signaling across diverse biological processes. Yet, the mechanism dynamic membrane curvature prompts quick actin cytoskeletal changes in signaling remain elusive. Leveraging the precision of nanolithography to control membrane curvature, we reconstructed catalytic reactions from the detection of nano-scale curvature by sensing molecules to the initiation of actin polymerization, which is challenging to study quantitatively in living cells. We show that this process occurs via topographical signal-triggered condensation and activation of the actin nucleation-promoting factor (NPF), Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP), which is orchestrated by curvature-sensing BAR-domain protein FBP17. Such N-WASP activation is fine-tuned by optimizing FBP17 to N-WASP stoichiometry over different curvature radii, allowing a curvature-guided macromolecular assembly pattern for polymerizing actin network locally. Our findings shed light on the intricate relationship between changes in curvature and actin remodeling via spatiotemporal regulation of NPF/BAR complex condensation.
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8
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Waechtler BE, Jayasankar R, Morin EP, Robinson DN. Benefits and challenges of reconstituting the actin cortex. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38520148 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The cell's ability to change shape is a central feature in many cellular processes, including cytokinesis, motility, migration, and tissue formation. The cell constructs a network of contractile proteins underneath the cell membrane to form the cortex, and the reorganization of these components directly contributes to cellular shape changes. The desire to mimic these cell shape changes to aid in the creation of a synthetic cell has been increasing. Therefore, membrane-based reconstitution experiments have flourished, furthering our understanding of the minimal components the cell uses throughout these processes. Although biochemical approaches increased our understanding of actin, myosin II, and actin-associated proteins, using membrane-based reconstituted systems has further expanded our understanding of actin structures and functions because membrane-cortex interactions can be analyzed. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in membrane-based reconstitution techniques. We examine the current findings on the minimal components needed to recapitulate distinct actin structures and functions and how they relate to the cortex's impact on cellular mechanical properties. We also explore how co-processing of computational models with wet-lab experiments enhances our understanding of these properties. Finally, we emphasize the benefits and challenges inherent to membrane-based, reconstitution assays, ranging from the advantage of precise control over the system to the difficulty of integrating these findings into the complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Waechtler
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajan Jayasankar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma P Morin
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Blake TCA, Fox HM, Urbančič V, Ravishankar R, Wolowczyk A, Allgeyer ES, Mason J, Danuser G, Gallop JL. Filopodial protrusion driven by density-dependent Ena-TOCA-1 interactions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261057. [PMID: 38323924 PMCID: PMC11006392 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are narrow actin-rich protrusions with important roles in neuronal development where membrane-binding adaptor proteins, such as I-BAR- and F-BAR-domain-containing proteins, have emerged as upstream regulators that link membrane interactions to actin regulators such as formins and proteins of the Ena/VASP family. Both the adaptors and their binding partners are part of diverse and redundant protein networks that can functionally compensate for each other. To explore the significance of the F-BAR domain-containing neuronal membrane adaptor TOCA-1 (also known as FNBP1L) in filopodia we performed a quantitative analysis of TOCA-1 and filopodial dynamics in Xenopus retinal ganglion cells, where Ena/VASP proteins have a native role in filopodial extension. Increasing the density of TOCA-1 enhances Ena/VASP protein binding in vitro, and an accumulation of TOCA-1, as well as its coincidence with Ena, correlates with filopodial protrusion in vivo. Two-colour single-molecule localisation microscopy of TOCA-1 and Ena supports their nanoscale association. TOCA-1 clusters promote filopodial protrusion and this depends on a functional TOCA-1 SH3 domain and activation of Cdc42, which we perturbed using the small-molecule inhibitor CASIN. We propose that TOCA-1 clusters act independently of membrane curvature to recruit and promote Ena activity for filopodial protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. A. Blake
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Helen M. Fox
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Vasja Urbančič
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Roshan Ravishankar
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam Wolowczyk
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Edward S. Allgeyer
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Julia Mason
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Gallop
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
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10
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Henderson JM, Ljubojevic N, Belian S, Chaze T, Castaneda D, Battistella A, Giai Gianetto Q, Matondo M, Descroix S, Bassereau P, Zurzolo C. Tunnelling nanotube formation is driven by Eps8/IRSp53-dependent linear actin polymerization. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113761. [PMID: 38009333 PMCID: PMC10711657 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) connect distant cells and mediate cargo transfer for intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. How cells generate these actin-mediated protrusions to span lengths beyond those attainable by canonical filopodia remains unknown. Through a combination of micropatterning, microscopy, and optical tweezer-based approaches, we demonstrate that TNTs formed through the outward extension of actin achieve distances greater than the mean length of filopodia and that branched Arp2/3-dependent pathways attenuate the extent to which actin polymerizes in nanotubes, thus limiting their occurrence. Proteomic analysis using epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) as a positive effector of TNTs showed that, upon Arp2/3 inhibition, proteins enhancing filament turnover and depolymerization were reduced and Eps8 instead exhibited heightened interactions with the inverted Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (I-BAR) domain protein IRSp53 that provides a direct connection with linear actin polymerases. Our data reveals how common protrusion players (Eps8 and IRSp53) form tunnelling nanotubes, and that when competing pathways overutilizing such proteins and monomeric actin in Arp2/3 networks are inhibited, processes promoting linear actin growth dominate to favour tunnelling nanotube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Henderson
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryBowdoin CollegeBrunswickMEUSA
| | - Nina Ljubojevic
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Sevan Belian
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Daryl Castaneda
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Keele UniversityKeeleUK
| | - Aude Battistella
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Computational Biology DepartmentCNRS USR 3756, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR 2000, Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
- Institut Pierre‐Gilles de GennesParisFrance
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico‐Chimie CurieParisFrance
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and InfectionCNRS UMR 3691, Université de Paris, Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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11
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Biton T, Scher N, Carmon S, Elbaz-Alon Y, Schejter ED, Shilo BZ, Avinoam O. Fusion pore dynamics of large secretory vesicles define a distinct mechanism of exocytosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302112. [PMID: 37707500 PMCID: PMC10501449 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine cells utilize large secretory vesicles (LSVs) up to 10 μm in diameter. LSVs fuse with the apical surface, often recruiting actomyosin to extrude their content through dynamic fusion pores. The molecular mechanism regulating pore dynamics remains largely uncharacterized. We observe that the fusion pores of LSVs in the Drosophila larval salivary glands expand, stabilize, and constrict. Arp2/3 is essential for pore expansion and stabilization, while myosin II is essential for pore constriction. We identify several Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) homology domain proteins that regulate fusion pore expansion and stabilization. We show that the I-BAR protein Missing-in-Metastasis (MIM) localizes to the fusion site and is essential for pore expansion and stabilization. The MIM I-BAR domain is essential but not sufficient for localization and function. We conclude that MIM acts in concert with actin, myosin II, and additional BAR-domain proteins to control fusion pore dynamics, mediating a distinct mode of exocytosis, which facilitates actomyosin-dependent content release that maintains apical membrane homeostasis during secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Biton
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Scher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shari Carmon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Elbaz-Alon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal D. Schejter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Shilo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Madarász T, Brunner B, Halász H, Telek E, Matkó J, Nyitrai M, Szabó-Meleg E. Molecular Relay Stations in Membrane Nanotubes: IRSp53 Involved in Actin-Based Force Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13112. [PMID: 37685917 PMCID: PMC10487789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes are cell protrusions that grow to tens of micrometres and functionally connect cells. Actin filaments are semi-flexible polymers, and their polymerisation provides force for the formation and growth of membrane nanotubes. The molecular bases for the provision of appropriate force through such long distances are not yet clear. Actin filament bundles are likely involved in these processes; however, even actin bundles weaken when growing over long distances, and there must be a mechanism for their regeneration along the nanotubes. We investigated the possibility of the formation of periodic molecular relay stations along membrane nanotubes by describing the interactions of actin with full-length IRSp53 protein and its N-terminal I-BAR domain. We concluded that I-BAR is involved in the early phase of the formation of cell projections, while IRSp53 is also important for the elongation of protrusions. Considering that IRSp53 binds to the membrane along the nanotubes and nucleates actin polymerisation, we propose that, in membrane nanotubes, IRSp53 establishes molecular relay stations for actin polymerisation and, as a result, supports the generation of force required for the growth of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Madarász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Lu CH, Tsai CT, Jones Iv T, Chim V, Klausen LH, Zhang W, Li X, Jahed Z, Cui B. A NanoCurvS platform for quantitative and multiplex analysis of curvature-sensing proteins. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5205-5217. [PMID: 37337788 PMCID: PMC10809791 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane is characterized by a rich variety of topographical features such as local protrusions or invaginations. Curvature-sensing proteins, including the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) or epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) family proteins, sense the bending sharpness and the positive/negative sign of these topographical features to induce subsequent intracellular signaling. A number of assays have been developed to study curvature-sensing properties of proteins in vitro, but it is still challenging to probe low curvature regime with the diameter of curvature from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers. It is particularly difficult to generate negative membrane curvatures with well-defined curvature values in the low curvature regime. In this work, we develop a nanostructure-based curvature sensing (NanoCurvS) platform that enables quantitative and multiplex analysis of curvature-sensitive proteins in the low curvature regime, in both negative and positive directions. We use NanoCurvS to quantitatively measure the sensing range of a negative curvature-sensing protein IRSp53 (an I-BAR protein) and a positive curvature-sensing protein FBP17 (an F-BAR protein). We find that, in cell lysates, the I-BAR domain of IRSp53 is able to sense shallow negative curvatures with the diameter-of-curvature up to 1500 nm, a range much wider than previously expected. NanoCurvS is also used to probe the autoinhibition effect of IRSp53 and the phosphorylation effect of FBP17. Therefore, the NanoCurvS platform provides a robust, multiplex, and easy-to-use tool for quantitative analysis of both positive and negative curvature-sensing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Taylor Jones Iv
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Vincent Chim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lasse H Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Guo X, Zhu K, Zhu X, Zhao W, Miao Y. Two-dimensional molecular condensation in cell signaling and mechanosensing. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1064-1074. [PMID: 37475548 PMCID: PMC10423693 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Membraneless organelles (MLO) regulate diverse biological processes in a spatiotemporally controlled manner spanning from inside to outside of the cells. The plasma membrane (PM) at the cell surface serves as a central platform for forming multi-component signaling hubs that sense mechanical and chemical cues during physiological and pathological conditions. During signal transduction, the assembly and formation of membrane-bound MLO are dynamically tunable depending on the physicochemical properties of the surrounding environment and partitioning biomolecules. Biomechanical properties of MLO-associated membrane structures can control the microenvironment for biomolecular interactions and assembly. Lipid-protein complex interactions determine the catalytic region's assembly pattern and assembly rate and, thereby, the amplitude of activities. In this review, we will focus on how cell surface microenvironments, including membrane curvature, surface topology and tension, lipid-phase separation, and adhesion force, guide the assembly of PM-associated MLO for cell signal transductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfu Guo
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637457Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and ScienceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore636921Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and ScienceNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore636921Singapore
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15
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Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Ravid Y, Penič S, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Suetsugu S, Iglič A, Gov NS. Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153420. [PMID: 37228585 PMCID: PMC10203436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells intrinsically change their shape, by changing the composition of their membrane and by restructuring their underlying cytoskeleton. We present here further studies and extensions of a minimal physical model, describing a closed vesicle with mobile curved membrane protein complexes. The cytoskeletal forces describe the protrusive force due to actin polymerization which is recruited to the membrane by the curved protein complexes. We characterize the phase diagrams of this model, as function of the magnitude of the active forces, nearest-neighbor protein interactions and the proteins' spontaneous curvature. It was previously shown that this model can explain the formation of lamellipodia-like flat protrusions, and here we explore the regimes where the model can also give rise to filopodia-like tubular protrusions. We extend the simulation with curved components of both convex and concave species, where we find the formation of complex ruffled clusters, as well as internalized invaginations that resemble the process of endocytosis and macropinocytosis. We alter the force model representing the cytoskeleton to simulate the effects of bundled instead of branched structure, resulting in shapes which resemble filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ravid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minaminachi, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Mondal S, Baumgart T. Membrane reshaping by protein condensates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184121. [PMID: 36642341 PMCID: PMC10208392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can organize into dynamic, functionally important assemblies on fluid membrane surfaces. Phase separation has emerged as an important mechanism for forming such protein assemblies on the membrane during cell signaling, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton regulation. Protein-protein phase separation thus adds novel fluid mosaics to the classical Singer and Nicolson model. Protein condensates formed in this process can modulate membrane morphologies. This is evident from recent reports of protein condensate-driven membrane reshaping in processes such as endocytosis, autophagosome formation, and protein storage vacuole morphogenesis in plants. Lateral phase separation (on the membrane surface) of peripheral curvature coupling proteins can modulate such membrane morphological transitions. Additionally, three-dimensional protein phase separation can result in droplets that through adhesion can affect membrane shape changes. How do these condensate-driven curvature generation mechanisms contrast with the classically recognized scaffolding and amphipathic helix insertion activities of specific membrane remodeling proteins? A salient feature of these condensate-driven membrane activities is that they depend upon both macroscopic features (such as interfacial energies of the condensate, membrane, and cytosol) as well as microscopic, molecular-level interactions (such as protein-lipid binding). This review highlights the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying curvature generation by protein condensates in various biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsuzzoha Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Ena/VASP clustering at microspike tips involves lamellipodin but not I-BAR proteins, and absolutely requires unconventional myosin-X. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217437120. [PMID: 36598940 PMCID: PMC9926217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217437120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheet-like membrane protrusions at the leading edge, termed lamellipodia, drive 2D-cell migration using active actin polymerization. Microspikes comprise actin-filament bundles embedded within lamellipodia, but the molecular mechanisms driving their formation and their potential functional relevance have remained elusive. Microspike formation requires the specific activity of clustered Ena/VASP proteins at their tips to enable processive actin assembly in the presence of capping protein, but the factors and mechanisms mediating Ena/VASP clustering are poorly understood. Systematic analyses of B16-F1 melanoma mutants lacking potential candidate proteins revealed that neither inverse BAR-domain proteins, nor lamellipodin or Abi is essential for clustering, although they differentially contribute to lamellipodial VASP accumulation. In contrast, unconventional myosin-X (MyoX) identified here as proximal to VASP was obligatory for Ena/VASP clustering and microspike formation. Interestingly, and despite the invariable distribution of other relevant marker proteins, the width of lamellipodia in MyoX-KO mutants was significantly reduced as compared with B16-F1 control, suggesting that microspikes contribute to lamellipodium stability. Consistently, MyoX removal caused marked defects in protrusion and random 2D-cell migration. Strikingly, Ena/VASP-deficiency also uncoupled MyoX cluster dynamics from actin assembly in lamellipodia, establishing their tight functional association in microspike formation.
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19
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Caveolin-1 dolines form a distinct and rapid caveolae-independent mechanoadaptation system. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:120-133. [PMID: 36543981 PMCID: PMC9859760 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to different types and intensities of mechanical force, cells modulate their physical properties and adapt their plasma membrane (PM). Caveolae are PM nano-invaginations that contribute to mechanoadaptation, buffering tension changes. However, whether core caveolar proteins contribute to PM tension accommodation independently from the caveolar assembly is unknown. Here we provide experimental and computational evidence supporting that caveolin-1 confers deformability and mechanoprotection independently from caveolae, through modulation of PM curvature. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy reveals that caveolin-1 stabilizes non-caveolar invaginations-dolines-capable of responding to low-medium mechanical forces, impacting downstream mechanotransduction and conferring mechanoprotection to cells devoid of caveolae. Upon cavin-1/PTRF binding, doline size is restricted and membrane buffering is limited to relatively high forces, capable of flattening caveolae. Thus, caveolae and dolines constitute two distinct albeit complementary components of a buffering system that allows cells to adapt efficiently to a broad range of mechanical stimuli.
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