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Bourgeois MR, Pan F, Anyanwu CP, Nixon AG, Beutler EK, Dionne JA, Goldsmith RH, Masiello DJ. Spectroscopy in Nanoscopic Cavities: Models and Recent Experiments. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:509-534. [PMID: 38941525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of nanophotonic cavities to confine and store light to nanoscale dimensions has important implications for enhancing molecular, excitonic, phononic, and plasmonic optical responses. Spectroscopic signatures of processes that are ordinarily exceedingly weak such as pure absorption and Raman scattering have been brought to the single-particle limit of detection, while new emergent polaritonic states of optical matter have been realized through coupling material and photonic cavity degrees of freedom across a wide range of experimentally accessible interaction strengths. In this review, we discuss both optical and electron beam spectroscopies of cavity-coupled material systems in weak, strong, and ultrastrong coupling regimes, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the physics inherent to each while highlighting recent experimental advances and exciting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Praise Anyanwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Austin G Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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Kumar S, Lim J, Rivera N, Wong W, Ang YS, Ang LK, Wong LJ. Strongly correlated multielectron bunches from interaction with quantum light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9563. [PMID: 38718122 PMCID: PMC11078178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Strongly correlated electron systems are a cornerstone of modern physics, being responsible for groundbreaking phenomena from superconducting magnets to quantum computing. In most cases, correlations in electrons arise exclusively because of Coulomb interactions. In this work, we reveal that free electrons interacting simultaneously with a light field can become highly correlated via mechanisms beyond Coulomb interactions. In the case of two electrons, the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient for the joint probability distribution of the output electron energies is enhanced by more than 13 orders of magnitude compared to that of electrons interacting with the light field in succession (one after another). These highly correlated electrons are the result of momentum and energy exchange between the participating electrons via the external quantum light field. Our findings pave the way to the creation and control of highly correlated free electrons for applications including quantum information and ultrafast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kumar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Lim
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Wesley Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Bucher T, Ruimy R, Tsesses S, Dahan R, Bartal G, Vanacore GM, Kaminer I. Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5729. [PMID: 38134276 PMCID: PMC10745688 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The complex range of interactions between electrons and electromagnetic fields gave rise to countless scientific and technological advances. A prime example is photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM), enabling the detection of confined electric fields in illuminated nanostructures with unprecedented spatial resolution. However, PINEM is limited by its dependence on strong fields, making it unsuitable for sensitive samples, and its inability to resolve complex phasor information. Here, we leverage the nonlinear, overconstrained nature of PINEM to present an algorithmic microscopy approach, achieving far superior nearfield imaging capabilities. Our algorithm relies on free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry to produce orders-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity and ambiguity-immune nearfield phase reconstruction, both of which are optimal when the electron exhibits a fully quantum behavior. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining algorithmic approaches with state-of-the-art modalities in electron microscopy and may lead to various applications from imaging sensitive biological samples to performing full-field tomography of confined light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Bucher
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ron Ruimy
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shai Tsesses
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Dahan
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Guy Bartal
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Giovanni Maria Vanacore
- Department of Material Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Chahshouri F, Talebi N. Numerical investigation of sequential phase-locked optical gating of free electrons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18949. [PMID: 37919329 PMCID: PMC10622506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in coherent quantum interactions between free-electron pulses and laser-induced near-field light have revolutionized electron wavepacket shaping. Building on these advancements, we numerically explore the potential of sequential interactions between slow electrons and localized dipolar plasmons in a sequential phase-locked interaction scheme. Taking advantage of the prolonged interaction time between slow electrons and optical near-fields, we aim to explore the effect of plasmon dynamics on the free-electron wavepacket modulation. Our results demonstrate that the initial optical phase of the localized dipolar plasmon at the starting point of the interaction, along with the phase offset between the interaction zones, can serve as control parameters in manipulating the transverse and longitudinal recoil of the electron wavefunction. Moreover, it is shown that the incident angle of the laser light is an additional control knop for tailoring the longitudinal and transverse recoils. We show that a sequential phase-locking method can be employed to precisely manipulate the longitudinal and transverse recoil of the electron wavepacket, leading to selective acceleration or deceleration of the electron energy along specific diffraction angles. These findings have important implications for developing novel techniques for ultrafast electron-light interferometry, shaping the electron wavepacket, and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Chahshouri
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Nahid Talebi
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
- Kiel, Nano, Surface, and Interface Science - KiNSIS, Kiel University, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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