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Wilmers J, Wurmshuber M, Gescher C, Graupp CM, Kiener D, Bargmann S. Unraveling the orientation-dependent mechanics of dental enamel in the red-necked wallaby. Acta Biomater 2024; 185:254-265. [PMID: 38992410 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dental enamels of different species exhibit a wide variety of microstructural patterns that are attractive to mimic in bioinspired composites to simultaneously achieve high stiffness and superior toughness. Non-human enamel types, however, have not yet received the deserved attention and their mechanical behaviour is largely unknown. Using nanoindentation tests and finite element modelling, we investigate the mechanical behaviour of Macropus rufogriseus enamel, revealing a dominating influence of the microstructure on the effective mechanical behaviour and allowing insight into structural dependencies. We find a shallow gradient in stiffness and low degree of anisotropy over the enamel thickness that is attributed to the orientation and size of microstructural features. Most notably, M. rufogriseus's modified radial enamel has a far simpler structural pattern than other species', but achieves great property amplification. It is therefore a very promising template for biomimetic design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The diversity of dental enamel structures in different species is well documented, but the mechanical behaviour of non-human enamel types is largely unknown. In this work, we investigate the microstructure and structure-dependent mechanical properties of marsupial enamel by nanoindentation and finite element simulations. Combining these methods gives valuable insights into the performance of modified radial enamel structures. Their stiffness and toughness stems from a unique structural design that is far less complex than well-studied human enamel types, which makes it a uniquely suitable template for biomimetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wilmers
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials, University of Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Wurmshuber
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Department Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
| | | | | | - Daniel Kiener
- Department Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria.
| | - Swantje Bargmann
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials, University of Wuppertal, Germany
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Lu Y, Yi L, Fu Z, Xie J, Cheng Q, Fu Z, Zou Z. Nonclassical crystallization of goethite nanorods in limpet teeth by self-assembly of silica-rich nanoparticles reveals structure-mechanical property relations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:64-74. [PMID: 38705113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The intricate organization of goethite nanorods within a silica-rich matrix makes limpet teeth the strongest known natural material. However, the mineralization pathway of goethite in organisms under ambient conditions remains elusive. Here, by investigating the multi-level structure of limpet teeth at different growth stages, it is revealed that the growth of goethite crystals proceeds by the attachment of amorphous nanoparticles, a nonclassical crystallization pathway widely observed during the formation of calcium-based biominerals. Importantly, these nanoparticles contain a high amount of silica, which is gradually expelled during the growth of goethite. Moreover, in mature teeth of limpet, the content of silica correlates with the size of goethite crystals, where smaller goethite crystals are densely packed in the leading part with higher content of silica. Correspondingly, the leading part exhibits higher hardness and elastic modulus. Thus, this study not only reveals the nonclassical crystallization pathway of goethite nanorods in limpet teeth, but also highlights the critical roles of silica in controlling the hierarchical structure and the mechanical properties of limpet teeth, thus providing inspirations for fabricating biomimetic materials with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li H, Guo X, Zhu B. Size effect in polymeric lattice materials with size-dependent Poisson's ratio caused by Cosserat elasticity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 154:106532. [PMID: 38574437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric lattice materials with micro/nano-structures are attractive for applications in a wide range of bioengineering systems. Resent experimental results show that elastic constitutive law of polymer materials is in line with the Cosserat elasticity. In this work, a Cosserat continuum spectral element method is employed to explore the size-dependent mechanical performance of polymer polymeric lattice with horseshoe microstructures, efficiently. The mechanical performance predicted by the proposed method agrees very well with the experiment data. Our results demonstrate that size effects are significant in polymeric lattice materials. The size-dependent negative Poisson's ratio is found in the polymeric lattice materials with the same topological structure due to the size effect caused by the Cosserat elasticity of the polymer materials. It could be implied that it is possible to continuously adjust the negative Poisson's ratio of the polymeric lattice material over a wide range by only changing its microstructural size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuewen Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Wei P, Yang DJ, Xue Y, Jiang JW. Nonlinearity induced negative Poisson's ratio of two-dimensional nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:055702. [PMID: 37852233 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio have garnered considerable attention due to the improved toughness, shear resistance, and vibration absorption properties commonly found in auxetic materials. In this work, the nonlinear effect on the Poisson's ratio was derived theoretically and verified by first-principle calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of two-dimensional nanomaterials including graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. The analytic formula explicitly shows that the Poisson's ratio depends on the applied strain and can be negative for large applied strains, owing to the nonlinear interaction. Both first-principle calculations and molecular dynamics simulations show that the nonlinear effect is highly anisotropic for graphene, where the nonlinearity-induced negative Poisson's ratio is much stronger for the strain applied along the armchair direction. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of materials with negative Poisson's ratios and emphasize the importance of considering nonlinear effects in the study of the Poisson's ratio of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Jian Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, People's Republic of China
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Wurmshuber M, Wilmers J, Kim J, Oh SH, Bargmann S, Kiener D. Lower hardness than strength: The auxetic composite microstructure of limpet tooth. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:447-453. [PMID: 37121368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The limpet tooth is widely recognized as nature's strongest material, with reported strength values up to 6.5 GPa. Recently, microscale auxeticity has been discovered in the leading part of the tooth, providing a possible explanation for this extreme strength. Utilizing micromechanical experiments, we find hardness values in nanoindentation that are lower than the respective strength observed in micropillar compression tests. Using micromechanical modeling, we show that this unique behavior is a result of local tensile strains during indentation, originating from the microscale auxeticity. As the limpet tooth lacks ductility, these tensile strains lead to microdamage in the auxetic regions of the microstructure. Consequently, indentation with a sharp indenter always probes a damaged version of the material, explaining the lower hardness and modulus values gained from nanoindentation. Micropillar tests were found to be mostly insensitive to such microdamage due to the lower applied strain and are therefore the suggested method for characterizing auxetic nanocomposites. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work explores the micromechanical properties of limpet teeth, nature's strongest biomaterial, using micropillar compression testing and nanoindentation. The limpet tooth microstructure consists of ceramic nanorods embedded in a matrix of amorphous SiO2 and arranged in a pattern that leads to local auxetic behavior. We report lower values for nanoindentation hardness than for compressive strength, a unique behavior usually not achievable in conventional materials. Utilizing micromechanical finite element simulations, we identify the reason for this behavior to be microdamage formation resultant of the auxetic behavior, sharp indenter tip and lack of ductility of the limpet tooth microstructure. This formation of microdamage is not expected in micropillar compression tests due to lower locally imposed strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wurmshuber
- Chair of Materials Physics, Department Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
| | - Jana Wilmers
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials & Systems, University of Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jongil Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, KENTECH Institute for Energy Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, KENTECH Institute for Energy Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Republic of Korea.
| | - Swantje Bargmann
- Chair of Solid Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials & Systems, University of Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kiener
- Chair of Materials Physics, Department Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria.
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