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Sun J, Yan J, Li F, Li J, Ma J, Xu G, Han P, Hou G, Tang Y, Dong S, Huang J, Cui G. Deciphering the Lithium-Ion Conduction Mechanism of LiH in Solid-Electrolyte Interphase. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405384. [PMID: 38898680 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Lithium hydride (LiH) has been widely recognized as the critical component of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Li batteries. Although the formation mechanism and structural model of LiH in SEI have been extensively reported, the role in electro-performance of LiH in SEI is still ambiguous and has proven challenging to explored due to the complicated structure SEI and the lack of advanced in situ experimental technology. In this study, the isotopic exchange experiments combined with isotopic tracer experiments is applied to solidly illustrate the superior conductivity and Li+ conduction behavior of the LiH in natural SEI. Importantly, in situ transmission electron microscopy analysis is utilized to visualize the self-electrochemical decomposition of LiH, which is significantly distinctive from LiF and Li2O. The critical experimental evidence discovered by the work demonstrates ion transport behaviors of key components in the SEI, which is imperative for designing novel SEI and augurs a new area in optimizing the performance of lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinran Sun
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jitong Yan
- Department Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiedong Li
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Pengxian Han
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Department Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Shanmu Dong
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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Li Q, Liu H, Wu F, Li L, Ye Y, Chen R. Recent Advances and Opportunities in Reactivating Inactive Lithium in Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404554. [PMID: 38563638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The loss of active materials is one of the main culprits of the battery failures. As a typical example, the presence of inactive lithium, also known as "dead lithium", contributes to the rapid capacity deterioration and reduces energy output in lithium batteries. This phenomenon has long been recognized as irreversible. In this Minireview, the first of this kind, we aim to summarize the formation of inactive lithium and reassess its impact on battery performance metrics. Additionally, we explore various strategies that have been devised to rejuvenate inactive lithium. This comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in reactivating inactive lithium not only offers insights into restoring capacity and enhancing battery performance metrics but also provides a foundation for future research in reviving other inactive materials found in next-generation batteries, such as lithium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, other alkali metal batteries, and liquid flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, 519088, China
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Weeks JA, Burrow JN, Diao J, Paul-Orecchio AG, Srinivasan HS, Vaidyula RR, Dolocan A, Henkelman G, Mullins CB. In Situ Engineering of Inorganic-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphases via Anion Choice Enables Stable, Lithium Anodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305645. [PMID: 37670536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of liquid battery electrolytes that facilitate the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) to mitigate dendrite formation is imperative to enable lithium anodes in next-generation energy-dense batteries. Compared to traditional electrolyte solvents, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-based electrolyte systems have demonstrated great success in enabling high-stability lithium anodes by encouraging the decomposition of anions (instead of organic solvent) and thus generating inorganic-rich SEIs. Herein, by employing a variety of different lithium salts (i.e., LiPF6, LiTFSI, LiFSI, and LiDFOB), it is demonstrated that electrolyte anions modulate the inorganic composition and resulting properties of the SEI. Through novel analytical time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry methods, such as hierarchical clustering of depth profiles and compositional analysis using integrated yields, the chemical composition and morphology of the SEIs generated from each electrolyte system are examined. Notably, the LiDFOB electrolyte provides an exceptionally stable system to enable lithium anodes, delivering >1500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mAh g-1 and a capacity of 0.5 mAh g-1 in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, Li//LFP cells using this electrolyte demonstrate high-rate, reversible lithium storage, supplying 139 mAh g(LFP) -1 at C/2 (≈0.991 mAh cm-2 , @ 0.61 mA cm-2 ) with 87.5% capacity retention over 300 cycles (average Coulombic efficiency >99.86%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - James N Burrow
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
| | - Jiefeng Diao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Hrishikesh S Srinivasan
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
| | - Rinish Reddy Vaidyula
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - C Buddie Mullins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
- John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1589, USA
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
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Gu Z, Wang K, Rao Y, Nan P, Cheng L, Ge B, Zhang W, Ma C. Atomic-Resolution Electron Microscopy Unravelling the Role of Unusual Asymmetric Twin Boundaries in the Electron-Beam-Sensitive NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11818-11826. [PMID: 38078871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
An atomic-scale understanding of the role of nonperiodic features is essential to the rational design of highly Li-ion-conductive solid electrolytes. Unfortunately, most solid electrolytes are easily damaged by the intense electron beam needed for atomic-resolution electron microscopy observation, so the reported in-depth atomic-scale studies are limited to Li0.33La0.56TiO3- and Li7La3Zr2O12-based materials. Here, we observe on an atomic scale a third type of solid electrolyte, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), through minimization of damage induced by specimen preparation. With this capability, LATP is found to contain large amounts of twin boundaries with an unusual asymmetric atomic configuration. On the basis of the experimentally determined structure, the theoretical calculations suggest that such asymmetric twin boundaries may considerably promote Li-ion transport. This discovery identifies a new entry point for optimizing ionic conductivity, and the method presented here will also greatly benefit the mechanistic study of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Materials & Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yifei Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Nan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lixun Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Wei Y, Yang Y, Chen Z, Gao P, Ma Q, Gao M, Yan C, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gao M, Sun W, Pan H. In-Situ-Generated Electron-Blocking LiH Enabling an Unprecedented Critical Current Density of Over 15 mA cm -2 for Solid-State Hydride Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304285. [PMID: 37487246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
LiBH4 is a promising solid-state electrolyte (SE) due to its thermodynamic stability to Li. However, poor Li-ion conductivities at room temperature, low oxidative stabilities, and severe dendrite growth hamper its application. In this work, a partial dehydrogenation strategy is adopted to in situ generate an electronic blocking layer dispersed of LiH, addressing the above three issues simultaneously. The electrically insulated LiH reduces the electronic conductivity by two orders of magnitude, leading to a 32.0-times higher critical electrical bias for dendrite growth on the particle surfaces than that of the counterpart. Additionally, this layer not only promotes the Li-ion conductance by stimulating coordinated rotations of BH4 - and B12 H12 2- , contributing to a Li-ion conductivity of 1.38 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, but also greatly enhances oxidation stability by localizing the electron density on BH4 - , extending its voltage window to 6.0 V. Consequently, this electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) of 15.12 mA cm-2 at 25 °C, long-term Li plating and stripping stability for 2700 h, and a wide temperature window for dendrite inhibition from -30 to 150 °C. Its Li-LiCoO2 cell displays high reversibility within 3.0-5.0 V. It is believed that this work provides a clear direction for solid-state hydride electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Panyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mingxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenhui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yinzhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
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