1
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Li C, Xu G, Wang Y, Huang L, Cai F, Meng L, Jin B, Jiang Z, Sun H, Zhao H, Lu X, Sang X, Huang P, Li F, Yang H, Mao Y, Zheng H. Acoustic-holography-patterned primary hepatocytes possess liver functions. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122691. [PMID: 38996673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic holography (AH), a promising approach for cell patterning, emerges as a powerful tool for constructing novel invitro 3D models that mimic organs and cancers features. However, understanding changes in cell function post-AH remains limited. Furthermore, replicating complex physiological and pathological processes solely with cell lines proves challenging. Here, we employed acoustical holographic lattice to assemble primary hepatocytes directly isolated from mice into a cell cluster matrix to construct a liver-shaped tissue sample. For the first time, we evaluated the liver functions of AH-patterned primary hepatocytes. The patterned model exhibited large numbers of self-assembled spheroids and superior multifarious core hepatocyte functions compared to cells in 2D and traditional 3D culture models. AH offers a robust protocol for long-term in vitro culture of primary cells, underscoring its potential for future applications in disease pathogenesis research, drug testing, and organ replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcan Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Laixin Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Meng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xingting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Miao J, Tsang ACH. Reconfigurability-Encoded Hierarchical Rectifiers for Versatile 3D Liquid Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405641. [PMID: 39072942 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating small-volume liquids is crucial in natural processes and industrial applications. However, most liquid manipulation technologies involve complex energy inputs or non-adjustable wetting gradient surfaces. Here, a simple and adjustable 3D liquid manipulation paradigm is reported to control liquid behaviors by coupling liquid-air-solid interfacial energy with programmable magnetic fields. This paradigm centers around a hierarchical rectifier with magnetized microratchets, using Laplace pressure asymmetry to enable multimodal directional steering of various surface tension liquids (23-72 mN m-1). The scale-dependent effect in microratchet design shows its superiority in handling small-volume liquids across three orders of magnitude (100-103 µL). Under programmed magnetic fields, the rectifier can reconfigure its morphology to harness interfacial energy to exhibit richer liquid behaviors without dynamic real-time control. Reconfigured rectifiers show improved rectification performance in the inertia-dominant fluid regime, i.e., a remarkable 2000-fold increase in the critical Weber number for pure ethanol. Moreover, the rectifier's switchable reconfigurations offer flexible control over liquid transport directions and spatiotemporally controllable 3D liquid manipulation reminiscent of inchworm motions. This scalable liquid manipulation paradigm promotes versatile engineering and biochemistry applications, e.g., portable liquid purity testing (screening resolution <1 mN m-1), logical open-channel microfluidics, and automated chemical reaction platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alan C H Tsang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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3
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Sun M, Sun B, Park M, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhang M, Kang W, Yoon J, Zhang L, Sitti M. Individual and collective manipulation of multifunctional bimodal droplets in three dimensions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp1439. [PMID: 39018413 PMCID: PMC466956 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is vital across numerous applications, particularly in miniature droplet robots known for their exceptional deformability. Despite notable advancements, current droplet control methods are predominantly limited to two-dimensional (2D) deformation and motion of an individual droplet, with minimal exploration of 3D manipulation and collective droplet behaviors. Here, we introduce a bimodal actuation strategy, merging magnetic and optical fields, for remote and programmable 3D guidance of individual ferrofluidic droplets and droplet collectives. The magnetic field induces a magnetic dipole force, prompting the formation of droplet collectives. Simultaneously, the optical field triggers isothermal changes in interfacial tension through Marangoni flows, enhancing buoyancy and facilitating 3D movements of individual and collective droplets. Moreover, these droplets can function autonomously as soft robots, capable of transporting objects. Alternatively, when combined with a hydrogel shell, they assemble into jellyfish-like robots, driven by sunlight. These findings present an efficient strategy for droplet manipulation, broadening the capabilities of droplet-based robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bonan Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Myungjin Park
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Shihao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingdan Wu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenbin Kang
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Kaneelil PR, de Souza JP, Turk G, Pahlavan AA, Stone HA. Electrically mediated self-assembly and manipulation of drops at an interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5417-5424. [PMID: 38946480 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The fluid-fluid interface is a complex environment for a floating object where the statics and dynamics may be governed by capillarity, gravity, inertia, and other external body forces. Yet, the alignment of these forces in intricate ways may result in beautiful pattern formation and self-assembly of these objects, as in the case of crystalline order observed with bubble rafts or colloidal particles. While interfacial self-assembly has been explored widely, controlled manipulation of floating objects, e.g. drops, at the fluid-fluid interface still remains a challenge largely unexplored. In this work, we reveal the self-assembly and manipulation of water drops floating at an oil-air interface. We show that the assembly occurs due to electrostatic interactions between the drops and their environment. We highlight the role of the boundary surrounding the system by showing that even drops with a net zero electric charge can self-assemble under certain conditions. Using experiments and theory, we show that the depth of the oil bath plays an important role in setting the distance between the self-assembled drops. Furthermore, we demonstrate ways to manipulate the drops actively and passively at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Kaneelil
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Günther Turk
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Amir A Pahlavan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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5
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Gao H, Zhao F, Meng Z, Wang X, Han Z, Liu Y. Droplet Bottom Expansion and Its Wettability Control Mechanism Based on Macroscopic Defects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13739-13748. [PMID: 38901843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic surfaces with special wettability have received much attention due to their promising prospects in droplet manipulation. Although some progress has been made, the manipulation of droplets by macroscopic defects of the millimeter structure and the wetting-state transition mechanism have rarely been reported. Herein, inspired by lotus leaves and desert beetles, biomimetic surfaces with macroscopic defects are prepared by laser processing and chemical modification. Various functions of droplet manipulation are achieved by controlling the millimeter-scale macroscopic defects, such as droplet capture, motion trajectory changing, and liquid well. And a droplet bottom expansion phenomenon is proposed: wetting-state transition in superhydrophobic regions around defects. The "edge failure effect" is proposed to explain the force analysis of droplet capture and the droplet bottom expansion to distinguish it from the adhesion phenomenon presented by the droplet sliding. 53.28° is defined as the expanded saturated angle of the as-prepared surface, which is used to distinguish whether the defect could cause the droplet bottom expansion. An enhanced edge failure effect experiment is designed to make the droplet bottom expansion more intuitive. This work provides a mechanistic explanation of the surfaces that utilize macroscopic defects for droplet manipulation. It can be applied to the monitoring of droplet storage limits, providing a perspective on the design and optimization of superhydrophobic surfaces with droplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Zong Meng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, P. R. China
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6
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Han X, Tan S, Wang Q, Zuo X, Heng L, Jiang L. Noncontact Microfluidics of Highly Viscous Liquids for Accurate Self-Splitting and Pipetting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402779. [PMID: 38594015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Accurate dosing for various liquids, especially for highly viscous liquids, is fundamental in wide-ranging from molecular crosslinking to material processing. Despite droppers or pipettes being widely used as pipetting devices, they are powerless for quantificationally splitting and dosing highly viscous liquids (>100 mPa s) like polymer liquids due to the intertwined macromolecular chains and strong cohesion energy. Here, a highly transparent photopyroelectric slippery (PS) platform is provided to achieve noncontact self-splitting for liquids with viscosity as high as 15 000 mPa s, just with the assistance of sunlight and a cooling source to provide a local temperature difference (ΔT). Moreover, to guarantee the accuracy for pipetting liquids (>80%), the ultrathin MXene film (within a thickness of 20 nm) is self-assembled as the photo-thermal layers, overcoming the trade-off between transparency and photothermal property. Compared with traditional pipetting strategies (≈1.3% accuracy for pipetting polymer liquids), this accurate microfluidic chip shows great potential in adhesive systems (bonding strength, twice than using the droppers or pipettes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Functional Carbon Composite, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Liping Heng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
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7
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Yang L, Li W, Lian J, Zhu H, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Li J, Yin X, Wang L. Selective directional liquid transport on shoot surfaces of Crassula muscosa. Science 2024; 384:1344-1349. [PMID: 38900891 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Directional liquid transport has been widely observed in various species including cacti, spiders, lizards, the pitcher plant Nepenthes alata, and Araucaria leaves. However, in all these examples the liquid transport for a specific liquid is completely restricted in a fixed direction. We demonstrate that Crassula muscosa shoot surfaces have the ability to transport a specific liquid unidirectionally in either direction. This is accomplished through the presence of asymmetric reentrant leaves with varying reentrant angles, which yields the variation in liquid meniscus heterogeneity. These findings enable engineered biomimetic structures capable of selective directional liquid transport, with functions such as intelligent flow direction switching, liquid distribution, and mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyuan Lian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hengjia Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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8
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Yong J, Li X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang C, Wu D. Portable Triboelectric Electrostatic Tweezer for External Manipulation of Droplets within a Closed Femtosecond Laser-Treated Superhydrophobic System. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7116-7124. [PMID: 38832663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Controllable droplet manipulation has diverse applications; however, limited methods exist for externally manipulating droplets in confined spaces. Herein, we propose a portable triboelectric electrostatic tweezer (TET) by integrating electrostatic forces with a superhydrophobic surface that can even manipulate droplets in an enclosed space. Electrostatic induction causes the droplet to be subjected to an electrostatic force in an electrostatic field so that the droplet can be moved freely with the TET on a superhydrophobic platform. Characterized by its high precision, flexibility, and robust binding strength, TET can manipulate droplets under various conditions and achieve a wide range of representative fluid applications such as droplet microreactors, precise self-cleaning, cargo transportation, the targeted delivery of chemicals, liquid sorting, soft droplet robotics, and cell labeling. Specifically, TET demonstrated the ability to manipulate internal droplets from the outside of a closed system, such as performing cell labeling experiments within a sealed Petri dish without opening the culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Youdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
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9
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Han X, Jin R, Sun Y, Han K, Che P, Wang X, Guo P, Tan S, Sun X, Dai H, Dong Z, Heng L, Jiang L. Infinite Self-Propulsion of Circularly On/Discharged Droplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311729. [PMID: 38282097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Self-propulsion of droplets in a controlled and long path at a high-speed is crucial for organic synthesis, pathological diagnosis and programable lab-on-a-chip. To date, extensive efforts have been made to achieve droplet self-propulsion by asymmetric gradient, yet, existing structural, chemical, or charge density gradients can only last for a while (<50 mm). Here, this work designs a symmetrical waved alternating potential (WAP) on a superhydrophobic surface to charge or discharge the droplets during the transport process. By deeply studying the motion mechanisms for neutral droplets and charged droplets, the circularly on/discharged droplets achieve the infinite self-propulsion (>1000 mm) with an ultrahigh velocity of meters per second. In addition, after permutation and combination of two motion styles of the droplets, it can be competent for more interesting work, such as liquid diode and liquid logic gate. Being assembled into a microfluidic chip, the strategy would be applied in chemical synthesis, cell culture, and diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rongyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Keyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pengda Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haoyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liping Heng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Tan L, Zeng Q, Xu F, Zhao Q, Chen A, Wang T, Tao X, Yang Y, Wang X. Controllable Manipulation of Large-Volume Droplet on Non-Slippery Surfaces Based on Triboelectric Contactless Charge Injection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313878. [PMID: 38364828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Controllable droplet manipulation is crucial in diverse scientific and engineering fields. Traditional electric-based methods usually rely on commercial high-voltage (HV) power sources, which are typically bulky, expensive, and potentially hazardous. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a highly studied device that can generate HV output with limited current, showing great potential in droplet manipulation applications. However, current TENG-based approaches usually utilize traditional free-standing TENGs that produce short-pulsed alternating-current signals. This limitation hinders continuous electrostatic forces necessary for precise droplet control, leading to complex circuitry and suboptimal droplet motion control in terms of volume, distance, direction, and momentum. Here, a triboelectric contactless charge injection (TCCI) method employing a novel dual-functional triboelectric nanogenerator (DF-TENG), is proposed. The DF-TENG can produce both high voltage and constant current during unidirectional motion, enabling continuous corona discharges for contactless charge injection into the droplets. Using this method, a large-volume droplet (3000 µL) can be controlled with momentum up to 115.2 g mm s-1, quintupling the highest value recorded by the traditional methods. Moreover, the TCCI method is adaptable for a variety of non-slippery substrates and droplets of different compositions and viscosities, which makes it an ideal manipulation strategy for droplet transport, chemical reactions, and even driving solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qixuan Zeng
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xingming Tao
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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11
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Li X, Wang C, Hu Y, Cheng Z, Xu T, Chen Z, Yong J, Wu D. Multifunctional Electrostatic Droplet Manipulation on the Femtosecond Laser-Prepared Slippery Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18154-18163. [PMID: 38547460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A strategy to manipulate droplets on the lubricated slippery surfaces using tribostatic electricity is proposed. By employing femtosecond laser-induced porous microstructures, we prepared a slippery surface with ultralow adhesion to various liquids. Electrostatic induction causes the charges within the droplet to be redistributed; thus, the droplet on the as-prepared slippery surfaces can be guided by electrostatic force under the electrostatic field, with controllable sliding direction and unlimited transport distance. The combination of electrostatic interaction and slippery surfaces allows us to manipulate droplets with a wide volume range (from 100 nL to 0.5 mL), charged droplets (including electrostatic attraction and repulsion), corrosive droplets, and even organic droplets with ultralow surface tension. In addition, droplets on tilted surfaces, curved surfaces, and inverted slippery surfaces can also be manipulated. Especially, the slippery surfaces can even allow the electrostatic interaction to manipulate alcohol with surface tension as low as 22.3 mN/m and liquid droplets suspended on a downward surface, which is not possible with reported superhydrophobic substrates. The features of slippery surfaces make the electrostatic manipulation successfully applied in versatile droplet manipulation, droplet patterning, chemical microreaction, transport of solid cargo, targeted delivery of chemicals, and liquid sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Youdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Yong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
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12
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Wang X, Zhuang Z, Li X, Yao X. Droplet Manipulation on Bioinspired Slippery Surfaces: From Design Principle to Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300253. [PMID: 37246251 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation with high efficiency, high flexibility, and programmability, is essential for various applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. Bioinspired liquid-infused slippery surfaces (LIS), with exceptional interfacial properties, have led to expanding research for droplet manipulation. In this review, an overview of actuation principles is presented to illustrate how materials or systems can be designed for droplet manipulation on LIS. Recent progress on new manipulation methods on LIS is also summarized and their prospective applications in anti-biofouling and pathogen control, biosensing, and the development of digital microfluidics are presented. Finally, an outlook is made on the key challenges and opportunities for droplet manipulation on LIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518075, P. R. China
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13
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Liang X, Karnaukh KM, Zhao L, Seshadri S, DuBose AJ, Bailey SJ, Cao Q, Cooper M, Xu H, Haggmark M, Helgeson ME, Gordon M, Luzzatto-Fegiz P, Read de Alaniz J, Zhu Y. Dynamic Manipulation of Droplets on Liquid-Infused Surfaces Using Photoresponsive Surfactant. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:684-694. [PMID: 38559290 PMCID: PMC10979485 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fast and programmable transport of droplets on a substrate is desirable in microfluidic, thermal, biomedical, and energy devices. Photoresponsive surfactants are promising candidates to manipulate droplet motion due to their ability to modify interfacial tension and generate "photo-Marangoni" flow under light stimuli. Previous works have demonstrated photo-Marangoni droplet migration in liquid media; however, migration on other substrates, including solid and liquid-infused surfaces (LIS), remains an outstanding challenge. Moreover, models of photo-Marangoni migration are still needed to identify optimal photoswitches and assess the feasibility of new applications. In this work, we demonstrate 2D droplet motion on liquid surfaces and on LIS, as well as rectilinear motion in solid capillary tubes. We synthesize photoswitches based on spiropyran and merocyanine, capable of tension changes of up to 5.5 mN/m across time scales as short as 1.7 s. A millimeter-sized droplet migrates at up to 5.5 mm/s on a liquid, and 0.25 mm/s on LIS. We observe an optimal droplet size for fast migration, which we explain by developing a scaling model. The model also predicts that faster migration is enabled by surfactants that maximize the ratio between the tension change and the photoswitching time. To better understand migration on LIS, we visualize the droplet flow using tracer particles, and we develop corresponding numerical simulations, finding reasonable agreement. The methods and insights demonstrated in this study enable advances for manipulation of droplets for microfluidic, thermal and water harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Liang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Kseniia M. Karnaukh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Serena Seshadri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Austin J. DuBose
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Sophia J. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Qixuan Cao
- Department
of Physics, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Marielle Cooper
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Haggmark
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
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14
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Strutt R, Xiong B, Abegg VF, Dittrich PS. Open microfluidics: droplet microarrays as next generation multiwell plates for high throughput screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1064-1075. [PMID: 38356285 PMCID: PMC10898417 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiwell plates are prominent in the biological and chemical sciences; however, they face limitations in terms of throughput and deployment in emerging bioengineering fields. Droplet microarrays, as an open microfluidic technology, organise tiny droplets typically in the order of thousands, on an accessible plate. In this perspective, we summarise current approaches for generating droplets, fluid handling on them, and analysis within droplet microarrays. By enabling unique plate engineering opportunities, demonstrating the necessary experimental procedures required for manipulating and interacting with biological cells, and integrating with label-free analytical techniques, droplet microarrays can be deployed across a more extensive experimental domain than what is currently covered by multiwell plates. Droplet microarrays thus offer a solution to the bottlenecks associated with multiwell plates, particularly in the areas of biological cultivation and high-throughput compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Strutt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bijing Xiong
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Fabienne Abegg
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Huang Y, Wen G, Fan Y, He M, Sun W, Tian X, Huang S. Magnetic-Actuated Jumping of Droplets on Superhydrophobic Grooved Surfaces: A Versatile Strategy for Three-Dimensional Droplet Transportation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6359-6372. [PMID: 38363638 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
On-demand droplet transportation is of great significance for numerous applications. Although various strategies have been developed for droplet transportation, out-of-surface three-dimensional (3D) transportation of droplets remains challenging. Here, a versatile droplet transportation strategy based on magnetic-actuated jumping (MAJ) of droplets on superhydrophobic grooved surfaces (SHGSs) is presented, which enables 3D, remote, and precise manipulation of droplets even in enclosed narrow spaces. To trigger MAJ, an electromagnetic field is utilized to deform the droplet on the SHGS with the aid of an attached magnetic particle, thereby the droplet acquires excess surface energy. When the electromagnetic field is quickly removed, the excess surface energy is partly converted into kinetic energy, allowing the droplet to jump atop the surface. Through high-speed imaging and numerical simulation, the working mechanism and size matching effect of MAJ are unveiled. It is found that the MAJ behavior can only be observed if the sizes of the droplets and the superhydrophobic grooves are matched, otherwise unwanted entrapment or pinch-off effects would lead to failure of MAJ. A regime diagram which serves as a guideline to design SHGSs for MAJ is proposed. The droplet transportation capacities of MAJ, including in-surface and out-of-surface directional transportation, climbing stairs, and crossing obstacles, are also demonstrated. With the ability to remotely manipulate droplets in enclosed narrow spaces without using any mechanical moving parts, MAJ can be used to design miniaturized fluidic platforms, which exhibit great potential for applications in bioassays, microfluidics, droplet-based switches, and microreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guifeng Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuelin Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shilin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Cheng G, Kuan CY, Lou KW, Ho YP. Light-Responsive Materials in Droplet Manipulation for Biochemical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313935. [PMID: 38379512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized droplets, characterized by well-controlled microenvironments and capability for parallel processing, have significantly advanced the studies on enzymatic evolution, molecular diagnostics, and single-cell analysis. However, manipulation of small-sized droplets, including moving, merging, and trapping of the targeted droplets for complex biochemical assays and subsequent analysis, is not trivial and remains technically demanding. Among various techniques, light-driven methods stand out as a promising candidate for droplet manipulation in a facile and flexible manner, given the features of contactless interaction, high spatiotemporal resolution, and biocompatibility. This review therefore compiles an in-depth discussion of the governing mechanisms underpinning light-driven droplet manipulation. Besides, light-responsive materials, representing the core of light-matter interaction and the key character converting light into different forms of energy, are particularly assessed in this review. Recent advancements in light-responsive materials and the most notable applications are comprehensively archived and evaluated. Continuous innovations and rational engineering of light-responsive materials are expected to propel the development of light-driven droplet manipulation, equip droplets with enhanced functionality, and broaden the applications of droplets for biochemical studies and routine biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chit Yau Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kuan Wen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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17
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Hu Z, Chu F, Shan H, Wu X, Dong Z, Wang R. Understanding and Utilizing Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Phenomena, Mechanisms, Regulations, Applications, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310177. [PMID: 38069449 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Droplet impact is a ubiquitous liquid behavior that closely tied to human life and production, making indispensable impacts on the big world. Nature-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces provide a powerful platform for regulating droplet impact dynamics. The collision between classic phenomena of droplet impact and the advanced manufacture of superhydrophobic surfaces is lighting up the future. Accurately understanding, predicting, and tailoring droplet dynamic behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces are progressive steps to integrate the droplet impact into versatile applications and further improve the efficiency. In this review, the progress on phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, and applications of droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces, bridging the gap between droplet impact, superhydrophobic surfaces, and engineering applications are comprehensively summarized. It is highlighted that droplet contact and rebound are two focal points, and their fundamentals and dynamic regulations on elaborately designed superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed in detail. For the first time, diverse applications are classified into four categories according to the requirements for droplet contact and rebound. The remaining challenges are also pointed out and future directions to trigger subsequent research on droplet impact from both scientific and applied perspectives are outlined. The review is expected to provide a general framework for understanding and utilizing droplet impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Shan
- Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Nguyen VD, Park JO, Choi E. Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Anticancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:553. [PMID: 37999194 PMCID: PMC10669771 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, possess sensory receptors that enable them to target cancer cells. In addition, they are able to engulf large amounts of particles through phagocytosis, suggesting a potential "Trojan horse" drug delivery approach to tumors by facilitating the engulfment of drug-hidden particles by macrophages. Recent research has focused on the development of macrophage-based microrobots for anticancer therapy, showing promising results and potential for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent development of macrophage-based microrobot research for anticancer therapy. First, we discuss the types of macrophage cells used in the development of these microrobots, the common payloads they carry, and various targeting strategies utilized to guide the microrobots to cancer sites, such as biological, chemical, acoustic, and magnetic actuations. Subsequently, we analyze the applications of these microrobots in different cancer treatment modalities, including photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and various synergistic combination therapies. Finally, we present future outlooks for the development of macrophage-based microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Du Nguyen
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208-beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208-beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, 43-26, Cheomdangwagi-ro 208-beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wrede P, Aghakhani A, Bozuyuk U, Yildiz E, Sitti M. Acoustic Trapping and Manipulation of Hollow Microparticles under Fluid Flow Using a Single-Lens Focused Ultrasound Transducer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37917969 PMCID: PMC10658455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle manipulation and trapping play pivotal roles in biotechnology. To achieve effective manipulation within fluidic flow conditions and confined spaces, it is necessary to consider the physical properties of microparticles and the types of trapping forces applied. While acoustic waves have shown potential for manipulating microparticles, the existing setups involve complex actuation mechanisms and unstable microbubbles. Consequently, the need persists for an easily deployable acoustic actuation setup with stable microparticles. Here, we propose the use of hollow borosilicate microparticles possessing a rigid thin shell, which can be efficiently trapped and manipulated using a single-lens focused ultrasound (FUS) transducer under physiologically relevant flow conditions. These hollow microparticles offer stability and advantageous acoustic properties. They can be scaled up and mass-produced, making them suitable for systemic delivery. Our research demonstrates the successful trapping dynamics of FUS within circular tubings of varying diameters, validating the effectiveness of the method under realistic flow rates and ultrasound amplitudes. We also showcase the ability to remove hollow microparticles by steering the FUS transducer against the flow. Furthermore, we present potential biomedical applications, such as active cell tagging and navigation in bifurcated channels as well as ultrasound imaging in mouse cadaver liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wrede
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- School
of Medicine and School of Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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20
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Sun J, Zhang L, Gong S, Chen J, Guo H. Mechano-Driven Tribo-Electrophoresis Enabled Human-Droplet Interaction in 3D Space. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305578. [PMID: 37477978 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Electronically controlled droplet manipulation has widespread applications in biochemistry, life sciences, and industry. However, current technologies such as electrowetting, electrostatics, and surface charge printing rely on complex electrode arrays and external power supplies, leading to inefficient manipulation. In light of these limitations, a novel method is proposed, which leverages tribo-electrophoresis (TEP) to pipette in an oil medium, thereby enabling human-droplet interactions to be constructed with greater efficiency. The approach involves the rational design of a triboelectric nanogenerator-electrostatic tweezer that generates an electric field to charge the droplet and improves the maneuverability of the charged droplet, including aligned/non-aligned pipetting and stable transport in the clamped state, which can be accomplished solely by hand motion. The TEP method not only provides droplets with freedom to move in three dimensions but also offers a feasibility case for chemical reactions in the liquid phase and non-invasive sample extraction. This breakthrough establishes a cornerstone for human-droplet interactions capitalized on triboelectric nanogenerators, opening new avenues for research in droplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hengyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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21
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Qian J, Lan H, Huang L, Zheng S, Hu X, Chen M, Lee JEY, Zhang W. Acoustofluidics for simultaneous droplet transport and centrifugation facilitating ultrasensitive biomarker detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4343-4351. [PMID: 37718921 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Trace biological sample detection is critical for the analysis of pathologies in biomedicine. Integration of microfluidic manipulation techniques typically strengthens biosensing performance. For instance, using isothermal amplification reactions to sense trace miRNA in peripheral circulation lacks a sufficiently complex pretreatment process that limits the sensitivity of on-chip detection. Herein we propose an orthogonal tunable acoustic tweezer (OTAT) to simultaneously actuate the transportation and centrifugation of μ-droplets on a single device. The OTAT enables diversified modes of droplet transportation such as unidirectional transport, multi-direction transport, round-trip transport, tilt angle movement, multi-droplet fusion, and continuous centrifugation of the dynamic droplets simultaneously. The multiplicity of modalities enables the focusing of a loaded analyte at the center of the droplet or constant rotation about the center axis of the droplet. We herein demonstrate the OTAT's ability to actuate transportation, fusion, and centrifugation-based pretreatment of two biological sample droplets loaded with miRNA biomarkers and multiple mixtures, as well as facilitating the increase of fluorescence detection sensitivity by an order of magnitude compared to traditional tube reaction methods. The results herein demonstrate the OTAT-based droplet acoustofluidic platform's ability to combine a wide range of biosensing mechanisms and provide a higher accuracy of detection for one-stop point-of-care disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huaize Lan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Liang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Minghui Chen
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Joshua E-Y Lee
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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22
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Luo T, Liu S, Zhou R, Zhang C, Chen D, Zhan Y, Hu Q, He X, Xie Y, Huan Z, Gao W, Li R, Yuan G, Wang Y, Zhou W. Contactless acoustic tweezer for droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3989-4001. [PMID: 37565337 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation on superhydrophobic surfaces (DMSS) without conventional pipetting is an emerging liquid handling technology, which can be potentially used for diagnostic, analysis, and synthetic processes. Despite notable progress, controlling droplet motion on superhydrophobic surfaces by contactless acoustic waves is rarely reported. Herein, we report a contactless acoustic tweezer (CAT) for DMSS based on establishing ultrasonic standing wave between an ultrasound transducer (UST) and a superhydrophobic substrate to manipulate droplets without physical contact. The CAT utilizes acoustic radiation forces to trap and move droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, which allows for precise and controllable movement of droplets by controlling the movement of the UST. Small droplets with volume less than 20 μL can be levitated in mid-air for out-plane manipulation, and large droplets with volume up to 500 μL can be trapped for in-plane manipulation. Experimental results demonstrate the versatility of the CAT for manipulating droplets with various compositions and volumes on various superhydrophobic substrates, offering a versatile and cross-contamination-free liquid handling approach for applications, including but not limited to high-throughput surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yi Zhan
- AECC Gui Zhou Liyang Aviation Power Co., Ltd., Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qilin Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xi He
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhijie Huan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Wendi Gao
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P.R. China
| | - Gongfa Yuan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yancheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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23
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Luo Y, Zhou M, Wang L, Fan C, Xu T, Zhang X. Programmable-Modulated Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Contactless Detection of Viral RNAs. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300592. [PMID: 37401195 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The current polymerase chain reactions-based nucleic acid tests for large-scale infectious disease diagnosis are always lab-dependent and generate large amounts of highly infectious plastic waste. Direct non-linear acoustic driven of microdroplets provide an ideal platform for contactless spatial and temporal manipulation of liquid samples. Here, a strategy to programmable-manipulate microdroplets using potential pressure well for contactless trace detection is conceptualized and designed. On such contactless modulation platform, up to seventy-two piezoelectric transducers are precisely self-focusing single-axis arranged and controlled, which can generate dynamic pressure nodes for effectively contact-free manipulating microdroplets without vessel contamination. In addition, the patterned microdroplet array can act as contactless microreactor and allow multiple trace samples (1-5 µL) biochemical analysis, and the ultrasonic vortex can also accelerate non-equilibrium chemical reactions such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The results of fluorescence detection indicated that such programmable modulated microdroplet achieved contactless trace nucleic acid detection with a sensitivity of 0.21 copy µL-1 in only 6-14 min, which is 30.3-43.3% shorter than the conventional RPA approach. Such a programmable containerless microdroplet platform can be used for toxic, hazardous, or infectious samples sensing, opening up new avenues for developing future fully automated detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
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