1
|
Zhou C, Liccardo G, Hoffman AS, Oh J, Holmes SE, Vailionis A, Bare SR, Cargnello M. Understanding and Harnessing Nanoscale Immiscibility in Ru-In Alloys for Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19986-19997. [PMID: 38985019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Bimetallic alloys made from immiscible elements are characterized by their tendency to segregate on the macroscopic scale, but their behavior is known to change at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate that in the Ru-In system, In atoms preferentially decorate the surface of 6 nm Ru nanoparticles, forming Ru-In superficial immiscible alloys. This surface decoration dramatically affects the catalytic performance of the system, even at small atomic fractions of In added to Ru. The interfaces between Ru and In enabled unexplored methanol productivity from CO2 hydrogenation, which outperformed not only the individual constituents but also ordered RuIn3 intermetallic alloys. Our work highlights that the formation of superficial immiscible alloys could offer new insights into the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gennaro Liccardo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam S Hoffman
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah E Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simon R Bare
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Ma B, Wang C, Liu W, Zhang B, Chen Y. Action and segregation mechanism of Fe-rich phase in as-cast brass with different Fe contents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
3
|
Wang C, Yin B, Lin K, Wang M, Deng R, Guo Y, Zhang J, Yang S, Liu X. Effect of Fe on the Hydrogen Production Properties of Al-Bi-Sn Composite Powders. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6702. [PMID: 36234050 PMCID: PMC9571998 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe additives may play an important role in the preparation of aluminum-based hydrolysis hydrogen powder, with high hydrogen yield, low cost, and good oxidation resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the effect of Fe on the hydrogen production performance of Al-Bi-Sn composite powders. According to the calculated vertical cross-section of the Al-10Bi-7Sn-(0~6)Fe (wt.%) quasi-binary system, Al-10Bi-7Sn-xFe (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3) wt.% composite powders for hydrogen production were prepared by the gas-atomization method. The results showed that the Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) powder exhibited an extremely fast hydrogen generation rate at 50 °C, which reached 1105 mL·g-1 in 27 min in distilled water, 1086 mL·g-1 in 15 min in 0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl solution, and 1086 mL·g-1 in 15 min in 0.1 mol·L-1 CaCl2 solution. In addition, the antioxidant properties of these powders were also investigated. The results showed that the hydrogen production performance of the Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) powder could retain 91% of its hydrogen production activity, even though the powder was exposed to 25 °C and 60 RH% for 72 h. The addition of Fe not only promoted the hydrogen generation rate of the Al-Bi-Sn composite powders, but also improved their oxidation resistance. The Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) composite powder shows great potential for mobile hydrogen source scenarios with rapid hydrogen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bohao Yin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kairui Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yihui Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinbin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuiyuan Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen R&D Center for Al-Based Hydrogen Hydrolysis Materials, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu W, Hu Q, Zhang W, Li J. Dynamic behaviors of minor droplets and the role of bubbles in phase-separating Al Bi immiscible alloy. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Investigations on collision intensity of minor-phase globule and the resulting morphology in Fe-58 wt% Sn powder. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Meng Y, Ma S, Zhang Z, Hang W. 3D Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Core–Shell Microspheres via Microlensed Fiber Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9916-9921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hojjatzadeh SMH, Parab ND, Yan W, Guo Q, Xiong L, Zhao C, Qu M, Escano LI, Xiao X, Fezzaa K, Everhart W, Sun T, Chen L. Pore elimination mechanisms during 3D printing of metals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3088. [PMID: 31300676 PMCID: PMC6625989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a 3D printing technology that can print metal parts with complex geometries without the design constraints of traditional manufacturing routes. However, the parts printed by LPBF normally contain many more pores than those made by conventional methods, which severely deteriorates their properties. Here, by combining in-situ high-speed high-resolution synchrotron x-ray imaging experiments and multi-physics modeling, we unveil the dynamics and mechanisms of pore motion and elimination in the LPBF process. We find that the high thermocapillary force, induced by the high temperature gradient in the laser interaction region, can rapidly eliminate pores from the melt pool during the LPBF process. The thermocapillary force driven pore elimination mechanism revealed here may guide the development of 3D printing approaches to achieve pore-free 3D printing of metals. 3D printing pore-free complex metal parts remains a challenge. Here, the authors combine in-situ imaging and simulations to show thermocapillary force can eliminate pores from the melt pool during a laser powder bed fusion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad H Hojjatzadeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Niranjan D Parab
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wentao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qilin Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Lianghua Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Cang Zhao
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Minglei Qu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Luis I Escano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kamel Fezzaa
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wes Everhart
- Department of Energy's Kansas City National Security Campus Managed by Honeywell FM&T, Kansas City, MO, 64147, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Lianyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arveson SM, Deng J, Karki BB, Lee KKM. Evidence for Fe-Si-O liquid immiscibility at deep Earth pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10238-10243. [PMID: 31068466 PMCID: PMC6534994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821712116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seismic observations suggest that the uppermost region of Earth's liquid outer core is buoyant, with slower velocities than the bulk outer core. One possible mechanism for the formation of a stably stratified layer is immiscibility in molten iron alloy systems, which has yet to be demonstrated at core pressures. We find immiscibility between liquid Fe-Si and Fe-Si-O persisting to at least 140 GPa through a combination of laser-heated diamond-anvil cell experiments and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. High-pressure immiscibility in the Fe-Si-O system may explain a stratified layer atop the outer core, complicate differentiation and evolution of the deep Earth, and affect the structure and intensity of Earth's magnetic field. Our results support silicon and oxygen as coexisting light elements in the core and suggest that [Formula: see text] does not crystallize out of molten Fe-Si-O at the core-mantle boundary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Arveson
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511;
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Bijaya B Karki
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Department of Geology & Geophysics, Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Kanani K M Lee
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao D, Gao J. Liquid phase separation in undercooled Cu-Co alloys under the influence of static magnetic fields. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180207. [PMID: 30827210 PMCID: PMC6460071 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Undercooling of Cu-based alloys often induces metastable liquid phase separation followed by rapid solidification of separated liquids. The rapid solidification can help freeze in the morphology of a higher-melting liquid and eases difficulties in studies of liquid phase separation kinetics. In the present work, the influence of static magnetic fields on liquid phase separation in bulk Cu84Co16 composition was investigated. Inductively melted samples were glass-fluxed, undercooled and solidified under uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields generated by a superconducting magnet. Solidification microstructure of the phase-separated samples was examined using an optical microscope. The imposition of the magnetic fields, both uniform and non-uniform, altered the morphology, segregation pattern and size distribution of Co-rich droplets due to liquid phase separation. The imposition of the non-uniform magnetic fields with positive and negative gradients brought about segregation of the Co-rich droplets at the top and the bottom side of the samples, respectively. Such influence of the static magnetic fields is interpreted by assuming intensification of convective flow and Kelvin force-controlled migration of the Co-rich droplets. This article is part of the theme issue 'Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures'.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen B, He J, Xi Y, Zeng X, Kaban I, Zhao J, Hao H. Liquid-liquid hierarchical separation and metal recycling of waste printed circuit boards. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:388-395. [PMID: 30384249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Waste electrical and electronic equipment is rapidly increasing worldwide, resulting in a large quantity of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). There is a great challenge on how to efficiently separate mixed metals in WPCBs, which consists of more than 10 elements including hazardous Cr, Pb and Cd. In this work, based on atomic interactions, a method of liquid-liquid hierarchical separation is developed to separate the mixed metals dissociated from the pyrolyzed WPCBs of mobile phones. The hierarchical separation of L→LFe-rich + LCu,Pb-rich, LCu,Pb-rich→LCu-rich + LPb-rich and LPb-rich→SCu-dendritical + L'Pb-rich produces four immiscible Fe-rich, Cu-rich, Cu-dendritical and Pb-rich substances. The separation rate between these substances can reach more than 96% in a super-gravity field of G = 1000g. Other metals selectively distribute in the four substances. The Fe-rich substance collects Cr, Co, Ni and Si. Almost all of Au and Ag are trapped in the Cu-rich and Cu-dendritical substances. The low-melting-point metals, i.e. Bi, Cd, In and Sn, are located in the Pb-rich substance. This work provides a green shortcut for efficiently separating and recycling overall metals in WPCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yaoyao Xi
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ivan Kaban
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, Helmholtzstr. 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hongri Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Size-Dependent Phase Transformation during Gas Atomization Process of Cu⁻Sn Alloy Powders. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12020245. [PMID: 30642090 PMCID: PMC6356303 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For binary element atomization, it is essential to investigate the phase transformation from liquid to solid as a functions of the droplet sizes, as well as the reaction competitiveness, during gas atomizing solidification of their nuclei. In the present work, a series of phase transformations of undercooled Cu (60.9 wt.%)/Sn droplets were analyzed when atomized by pressure gas. The results indicated that the microstructures of the obtained powders and their morphologies were highly relevant to the droplet size. According to the phase characteristics analyzed by the microstructural observations in combination with the transient nucleation theory, powders with sizes from 10 to 100 μm were divided into three categories, exhibiting lotus-leaf, island, and stripe morphologies. The competitive formation of Cu6Sn5 or Cu3Sn was also controlled by the droplet sizes, and a diameter of approximately 45 μm was identified as the threshold size. After heat treatment at 300 °C for 4 h, the powders consisted of a single η’ Cu6Sn5 phase. The obtained Cu6Sn5 phase powders can be used in the field of high-temperature applications as intermetallic balls for integrated chip interconnects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Bo L, Zuo M, Zhao D. Effect of melt superheating treatment on solidification behavior of uniform Al10Bi54Sn36 monotectic alloy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Effect of solidification rate on the formation of core-shell structure of Al60Bi24Sn16 monotectic alloy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Liu S, Jie J, Zhang J, Wang P, Wang T, Li T, Yin G. A surface energy driven dissolution model for immiscible Cu-Fe alloy. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Electrical resistivity study on homogenization process of liquid immiscible Bi-Ga-Sn alloy in melting process. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Effect of melt superheating treatment on solidification structures of Al 75 Bi 9 Sn 16 immiscible alloy. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Li T, Wang Z, Duan Y, Li J, Li H. Molecular dynamics study on the formation of self-organized core/shell structures in the Pb alloy at the nanoscale. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal self-organized core/shell structure is formed in the liquid Al–Pb alloy, which can be controlled by confined conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiChao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - YunRui Duan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li T, Li J, Wang L, Duan Y, Li H. Coalescence of Immiscible Liquid Metal Drop on Graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34074. [PMID: 27667589 PMCID: PMC5036178 DOI: 10.1038/srep34074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the wetting and coalescence of liquid Al and Pb drops on four carbon-based substrates. We highlight the importance of the microstructure and surface topography of substrates in the coalescence process. Our results show that the effect of substrate on coalescence is achieved by changing the wettability of the Pb metal. Additionally, we determine the critical distance between nonadjacent Al and Pb films required for coalescence. These findings improve our understanding of the coalescence of immiscible liquid metals at the atomistic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunrui Duan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li H, Li X, Guo D, Lou L, Li W, Zhang X. Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Core/Shell-Like Nanostructures for High-Performance Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5631-5638. [PMID: 27570896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell nanostructures are fascinating for many advanced applications including strong permanent magnets, magnetic recording, and biotechnology. They are generally achieved via chemical approaches, but these techniques limit them to nanoparticles. Here, we describe a three-dimensional (3D) self-assembly of core/shell-like nanocomposite magnets, with hard-magnetic Nd2Fe14B core of ∼45 nm and soft-magnetic α-Fe shell of ∼13 nm, through a physical route. The resulting Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe core/shell-like nanostructure allows both large remanent magnetization and high coercivity, leading to a record-high energy product of 25 MGOe which reaches the theoretical limit for isotropic Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets. Our approach is based on a sequential growth of the core and shell nanocrystals in an alloy melt. These results make an important step toward fabricating core/shell-like nanostructure in 3D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- College of Science, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Defeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- College of Science, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Li Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A Novel Self-Assembling Al-based Composite Powder with High Hydrogen Generation Efficiency. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17428. [PMID: 26616602 PMCID: PMC4663537 DOI: 10.1038/srep17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel self-assembling hydrogen generation powder comprised of 80Al-10Bi-10Sn wt.% was prepared using the gas atomization method and then collected in an air environment. The morphological and hydrolysis properties of the powders were investigated. The results indicated that the powders formed unique core/shell microstructures with cracked surfaces and (Bi, Sn)-rich phases distributed on the Al grain boundaries. The powders exhibited good oxidation resistance and reacted violently with distilled water at temperatures as low as 0 °C. Furthermore, at 30 °C, the powders exhibited a hydrogen conversion yield of 91.30% within 16 minutes. The hydrogen produced by this powder could be directly used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The mechanisms of the hydrolysis reactions were also analyzed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen LY, Xu JQ, Choi H, Konishi H, Jin S, Li XC. Rapid control of phase growth by nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3879. [PMID: 24809454 PMCID: PMC4024764 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of phase growth under harsh conditions (such as high temperature, highly conductive liquids or high growth rate), where surfactants are unstable or ineffective, is still a long-standing challenge. Here we show a general approach for rapid control of diffusional growth through nanoparticle self-assembly on the fast-growing phase during cooling. After phase nucleation, the nanoparticles spontaneously assemble, within a few milliseconds, as a thin coating on the growing phase to block/limit diffusion, resulting in a uniformly dispersed phase orders of magnitude smaller than samples without nanoparticles. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in both inorganic (immiscible alloy and eutectic alloy) and organic materials. Our approach overcomes the microstructure refinement limit set by the fast phase growth during cooling and breaks the inherent limitations of surfactants for growth control. Considering the growing availability of numerous types and sizes of nanoparticles, the nanoparticle-enabled growth control will find broad applications. Refining microstructure is an important goal in many material systems. Here, the authors report an approach for microstructure refinement based on nanoparticle self-assembling on a growing phase, which is shown to be effective for both metallic and organic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Yi Chen
- 1] Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- 1] Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hongseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of Geology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xiao-Chun Li
- 1] Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chatterjee A, Mishra S. Rheological, thermal and mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core-shell nanoparticles reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Tang Z, Song Y, Sun Q, Zhang T, Jiang Y. Magnetic field driving gradient effects on the microstructure in amorphous-nanocrystalline cobalt alloy ribbons. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:386-393. [PMID: 22089269 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10968e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Field effects on the early crystallization of Co-rich amorphous ribbons (Co(68.15)Fe(4.35)Si(12.5)B(15), atomic%) performed at 450 °C for 30 minutes in an applied 10 Oe longitudinal or transverse external magnetic field are investigated by comparing with the as-spun and annealed samples in zero applied magnetic field. Results indicate that the crystallization on the surface skin of the ribbon differs from that of the middle section due to the combined effects from the field direction and the defects or stress characteristics across the ribbons. In particular, the ribbons annealed under a transverse field exhibit an extremely distinct graded microstructure across the ribbon, which features amorphous-phased skin layers (top and bottom) of about 4-5 μm thickness and a middle amorphous-nanocrystalline composite layer about 10-12 μm thick, with the nanograins of 434 ± 99 nm dispersing in the amorphous matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Education of Ministry), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maity D, Kanti Bain M, Bhowmick B, Sarkar J, Saha S, Acharya K, Chakraborty M, Chattopadhyay D. In situ synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using water soluble polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Budai I, Nagy OZ, Kaptay G. Inversion of a liquid Bi/Al metallic emulsion stabilized by solid SiC particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
On the Temperature Gradient Induced Interfacial Gradient Force, Acting on Precipitated Liquid Droplets in Monotectic Liquid Alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The final morphology of liquid metallic emulsions, produced in a temperature gradient, depends on the interfacial gradient force acting on small metallic droplets. This force is proportional to the temperature coefficient of the interfacial energy between the two immiscible liquid phases. In the present paper first a widely used equation of Young, Goldstein and Block for the steady-state velocity of liquid droplets under the influence of the temperature gradient is discussed. Then a new equation is proposed for the temperature dependence of the interfacial energy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan Z, Fan J, Li J, Ke J, Mukai K. Surface tension of molten bismuth at different oxygen partial pressure with the sessile drop method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0692.2004.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|