1
|
Lora A, Patron P, Elena AM, Allan NL, Pinilla C. Understanding noble gas incorporation in mantle minerals: an atomistic study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13493. [PMID: 38866838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ab initio calculations in forsterite (Mg2 SiO4 ) are used to gain insight into the formation of point defects and incorporation of noble gases. We calculate the enthalpies of incorporation both at pre-existing vacancies in symmetrically non-equivalent sites, and at interstitial positions. At high pressure, most structural changes affect the MgO6 units and the enthalpies of point defects increase, with those involving Mg and Si vacancies increasing more than those involving O sites. At 15 GPa Si vacancies and Mg interstitials have become the predominant intrinsic defects. We use these calculated enthalpies to estimate the total uptake of noble gases into the bulk crystal as a function of temperature and pressure both in the presence and absence of other heterovalent trace elements. For He and Ne our calculated solubilities point to atoms occupying mainly interstitial sites in agreement with previous experimental work. In contrast, Ar most likely substitutes for Mg due to its larger size and the deformation it causes within the crystal. Incorporation energies, as well as atomic distances suggest that the incorporation mainly depend on the size mismatch between host and guest atoms. Polarization effects arising from the polarizability of the noble gas atom or the presence of charged defects are minimal and do not contribute significantly to the uptake. Finally, the discrepancies between our results and recent experiments suggest that there are other incorporation mechanisms such as adsorption at internal and external interfaces, voids and grain boundaries which must play a major role in noble gas storage and solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Lora
- Departamento de Fisica y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, km 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Paola Patron
- Departamento de Fisica y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, km 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alin M Elena
- Computational Chemistry Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Neil L Allan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Carlos Pinilla
- Departamento de Fisica y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, km 5 Via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dzięcioł B, Osadchuk I, Cukras J, Lundell J. Complexes of HXeY with HX (Y, X = F, Cl, Br, I): Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory Study and Anharmonic Vibrational Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:5148. [PMID: 37446809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the intermolecular interaction energy and anharmonic vibrations of 41 structures of the HXeY⋯HX (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I) family of noble-gas-compound complexes for all possible combinations of Y and X was conducted. New structures were identified, and their interaction energies were studied by means of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, up to second-order corrections: this provided insight into the physical nature of the interaction in the complexes. The energy components were discussed, in connection to anharmonic frequency analysis. The results show that the induction and dispersion corrections were the main driving forces of the interaction, and that their relative contributions correlated with the complexation effects seen in the vibrational stretching modes of Xe-H and H-X. Reasonably clear patterns of interaction were found for different structures. Our findings corroborate previous findings with better methods, and provide new data. These results suggest that the entire group of the studied complexes can be labelled as "naturally blueshifting", except for the complexes with HI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Dzięcioł
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Janusz Cukras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lundell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian Y, Tse JS, Liu G, Liu H. Predicted crystal structures of xenon and alkali metals under high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18119-18123. [PMID: 35881443 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pressure-induced reaction between xenon (Xe) and other non-inert gas elements and the resultant crystal structures have attracted great interest. In this work, we carried out extensive simulations on the crystal structures of Xe-alkali metal (Xe-AM) systems under high pressures. Among all predicted compounds, KXe and RbXe are found to become stable at a pressure of ∼16 GPa by adopting a cubic symmetry of space group Pm3̄m. The stabilization of KXe and RbXe requires slightly lower pressure compared with that of previously reported CsXe (25 GPa), interestingly, which is in contrast to the electronegativity order of the AMs and unexpected. Our simulations also indicate that all predicted Xe compounds contain negatively charged Xe. Moreover, our in-depth analysis indicates that the occupation of AM d-orbitals plays a critical role in stabilizing these Xe-bearing compounds. These results shed light on the understanding of the reaction between Xe and AMs and the formation mechanism of the resultant crystal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - John S Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. .,Physics and Engineering Physics Department, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Guangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials and International Center for Computational Method & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulagatov IM, Skripov PV. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Supercritical Fluids: Review of Thermodynamic Properties (Part 1). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
5
|
Peng F, Song X, Liu C, Li Q, Miao M, Chen C, Ma Y. Xenon iron oxides predicted as potential Xe hosts in Earth's lower mantle. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5227. [PMID: 33067445 PMCID: PMC7568531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring geological mystery concerns the missing xenon problem, referring to the abnormally low concentration of xenon compared to other noble gases in Earth's atmosphere. Identifying mantle minerals that can capture and stabilize xenon has been a great challenge in materials physics and xenon chemistry. Here, using an advanced crystal structure search algorithm in conjunction with first-principles calculations we find reactions of xenon with recently discovered iron peroxide FeO2, forming robust xenon-iron oxides Xe2FeO2 and XeFe3O6 with significant Xe-O bonding in a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions corresponding to vast regions in Earth's lower mantle. Calculated mass density and sound velocities validate Xe-Fe oxides as viable lower-mantle constituents. Meanwhile, Fe oxides do not react with Kr, Ar and Ne. It means that if Xe exists in the lower mantle at the same pressures as FeO2, xenon-iron oxides are predicted as potential Xe hosts in Earth's lower mantle and could provide the repository for the atmosphere's missing Xe. These findings establish robust materials basis, formation mechanism, and geological viability of these Xe-Fe oxides, which advance fundamental knowledge for understanding xenon chemistry and physics mechanisms for the possible deep-Earth Xe reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, 471022, Luoyang, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Xianqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- Innovation Center for Computational Methods & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Innovation Center for Computational Methods & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- Innovation Center for Computational Methods & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- Innovation Center for Computational Methods & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Britvin SN. Xenon in oxide frameworks: at the crossroads between inorganic chemistry and planetary science. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5778-5782. [PMID: 32246760 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of noble gases was for a long time dominated by fluoride-bearing compounds of xenon. However, the last two decades have brought new insights into the chemistry of xenon oxides and oxysalts, including insights involving a novel type of non-covalent interaction (aerogen bonding), discoveries of new xenon oxides, oxide perovskite frameworks and evidence for an abrupt increase of xenon reactivity under extreme pressure-temperature conditions. The complex implementation of these findings could facilitate the development of explanations for long-standing interdisciplinary problems, such as the depletion of heavy noble gases in contemporary planetary atmospheres - the cosmochemical enigma known as the "missing xenon" paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Britvin
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bekaert DV, Broadley MW, Marty B. The origin and fate of volatile elements on Earth revisited in light of noble gas data obtained from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5796. [PMID: 32242104 PMCID: PMC7118078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of terrestrial volatiles remains one of the most puzzling questions in planetary sciences. The timing and composition of chondritic and cometary deliveries to Earth has remained enigmatic due to the paucity of reliable measurements of cometary material. This work uses recently measured volatile elemental ratios and noble gas isotope data from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G), in combination with chondritic data from the literature, to reconstruct the composition of Earth’s ancient atmosphere. Comets are found to have contributed ~20% of atmospheric heavy noble gases (i.e., Kr and Xe) but limited amounts of other volatile elements (water, halogens and likely organic materials) to Earth. These cometary noble gases were likely mixed with chondritic - and not solar - sources to form the atmosphere. We show that an ancient atmosphere composed of chondritic and cometary volatiles is more enriched in Xe relative to the modern atmosphere, requiring that 8–12 times the present-day inventory of Xe was lost to space. This potentially resolves the long-standing mystery of Earth’s “missing xenon”, with regards to both Xe elemental depletion and isotopic fractionation in the atmosphere. The inferred Kr/H2O and Xe/H2O of the initial atmosphere suggest that Earth’s surface volatiles might not have been fully delivered by the late accretion of volatile-rich carbonaceous chondrites. Instead, “dry” materials akin to enstatite chondrites potentially constituted a significant source of chondritic volatiles now residing on the Earth’s surface. We outline the working hypotheses, implications and limitations of this model in the last section of this contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David V Bekaert
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Michael W Broadley
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Bernard Marty
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vibrational spectrum of HXeSH revisited: Combined computational and experimental study. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Mir AH, Hinks JA, Delaye JM, Peuget S, Donnelly SE. Xenon solubility and formation of supercritical xenon precipitates in glasses under non-equilibrium conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15320. [PMID: 30333499 PMCID: PMC6192981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimates of noble gas solubility in glasses and minerals are important to understand the origin of these gases, particularly xenon, in the atmosphere. However, technical difficulties and ambiguities in quantifying the dissolved gases introduce large uncertainties in the solubility estimates. We present here the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in-situ noble gas ion implantation as a non-equilibrium approach for noble gas solubility estimates. Using a suitable Xe equation of state and Monte-Carlo simulations of TEM images, a clear distinction between Xe filled precipitates and empty voids is made. Furthermore, implantation-induced changes in the solubility are estimated using molecular dynamics simulations. These studies allow us to evaluate the xenon solubility of irradiated and pristine silica glasses and monitor in-situ the diffusion-mediated dynamics between the precipitates and voids — otherwise impossible to capture. On exceeding the solubility limit, supercritical xenon precipitates, stable at least up to 1155 K, are formed. The results highlight the high capacity of silicates to store xenon and, predict higher solubility of radiogenic xenon due to the accompanying radiation damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamul H Mir
- Electron Microscopy and Materials Analysis, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - J A Hinks
- Electron Microscopy and Materials Analysis, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Delaye
- CEA, DEN, Laboratoire d'Étude des Matériaux et Procédés Actif, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sylvain Peuget
- CEA, DEN, Laboratoire d'Étude des Matériaux et Procédés Actif, 30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - S E Donnelly
- Electron Microscopy and Materials Analysis, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Botana J, Hermann A, Valdez S, Zurek E, Yan D, Lin HQ, Miao MS. Reactivity of He with ionic compounds under high pressure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:951. [PMID: 29507302 PMCID: PMC5838161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Until very recently, helium had remained the last naturally occurring element that was known not to form stable solid compounds. Here we propose and demonstrate that there is a general driving force for helium to react with ionic compounds that contain an unequal number of cations and anions. The corresponding reaction products are stabilized not by local chemical bonds but by long-range Coulomb interactions that are significantly modified by the insertion of helium atoms, especially under high pressure. This mechanism also explains the recently discovered reactivity of He and Na under pressure. Our work reveals that helium has the propensity to react with a broad range of ionic compounds at pressures as low as 30 GPa. Since most of the Earth’s minerals contain unequal numbers of positively and negatively charged atoms, our work suggests that large quantities of He might be stored in the Earth’s lower mantle. Helium was long thought to be unable to form stable solid compounds, until a recent discovery that helium reacts with sodium at high pressure. Here, the authors demonstrate the driving force for helium reactivity, showing that it can form new compounds under pressure without forming any local chemical bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Jorge Botana
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Steven Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Miao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stavrou E, Yao Y, Goncharov AF, Lobanov SS, Zaug JM, Liu H, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB. Synthesis of Xenon and Iron-Nickel Intermetallic Compounds at Earth's Core Thermodynamic Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:096001. [PMID: 29547323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in concert with first principles calculations we demonstrate the synthesis of stable Xe(Fe,Fe/Ni)_{3} and XeNi_{3} compounds at thermodynamic conditions representative of Earth's core. Surprisingly, in the case of both the Xe-Fe and Xe-Ni systems Fe and Ni become highly electronegative and can act as oxidants. The results indicate the changing chemical properties of elements under extreme conditions by documenting that electropositive at ambient pressure elements could gain electrons and form anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissaios Stavrou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Alexander F Goncharov
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Center for Energy Matter in Extreme Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sergey S Lobanov
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Joseph M Zaug
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | - Eran Greenberg
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Howie RT, Turnbull R, Binns J, Frost M, Dalladay-Simpson P, Gregoryanz E. Formation of xenon-nitrogen compounds at high pressure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34896. [PMID: 27748357 PMCID: PMC5066244 DOI: 10.1038/srep34896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular nitrogen exhibits one of the strongest known interatomic bonds, while xenon possesses a closed-shell electronic structure: a direct consequence of which renders both chemically unreactive. Through a series of optical spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction experiments, we demonstrate the formation of a novel van der Waals compound formed from binary Xe-N2 mixtures at pressures as low as 5 GPa. At 300 K and 5 GPa Xe(N2)2-I is synthesised, and if further compressed, undergoes a transition to a tetragonal Xe(N2)2-II phase at 14 GPa; this phase appears to be unexpectedly stable at least up to 180 GPa even after heating to above 2000 K. Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate a distinct weakening of the intramolecular bond of the nitrogen molecule above 60 GPa, while transmission measurements in the visible and mid-infrared regime suggest the metallisation of the compound at ~100 GPa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross T Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science &Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Robin Turnbull
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science &Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Mungo Frost
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science &Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dewaele A, Worth N, Pickard CJ, Needs RJ, Pascarelli S, Mathon O, Mezouar M, Irifune T. Synthesis and stability of xenon oxides Xe2O5 and Xe3O2 under pressure. Nat Chem 2016; 8:784-90. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Kurzydłowski D, Zaleski-Ejgierd P. High-pressure stabilization of argon fluorides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2309-13. [PMID: 26742478 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On account of the rapid development of noble gas chemistry in the past half-century both xenon and krypton compounds can now be isolated in macroscopic quantities. The same does not hold true for the next lighter group 18 element, argon, which forms only isolated molecules stable solely in low temperature matrices or supersonic jet streams. Here we present theoretical investigations into a new high-pressure reaction pathway, which enables synthesis of argon fluorides in bulk and at room temperature. Our hybrid DFT calculations (employing the HSE06 functional) indicate that above 60 GPa ArF2-containing molecular crystals can be obtained by a reaction between argon and molecular fluorine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kurzydłowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, ul. K. Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Zaleski-Ejgierd
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Britvin SN, Kashtanov SA, Krzhizhanovskaya MG, Gurinov AA, Glumov OV, Strekopytov S, Kretser YL, Zaitsev AN, Chukanov NV, Krivovichev SV. Perovskites with the Framework-Forming Xenon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Britvin SN, Kashtanov SA, Krzhizhanovskaya MG, Gurinov AA, Glumov OV, Strekopytov S, Kretser YL, Zaitsev AN, Chukanov NV, Krivovichev SV. Perovskites with the Framework-Forming Xenon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14340-4. [PMID: 26429762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Group 18 elements (noble gases) were the last ones in the periodic system to have not been encountered in perovskite structures. We herein report the synthesis of a new group of double perovskites KM(XeNaO6) (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) containing framework-forming xenon. The structures of the new compounds, like other double perovskites, are built up of the alternating sequence of corner-sharing (XeO6) and (NaO6) octahedra arranged in a three-dimensional rocksalt order. The fact that xenon can be incorporated into the perovskite structure provides new insights into the problem of Xe depletion in the atmosphere. Since octahedrally coordinated Xe(VIII) and Si(IV) exhibit close values of ionic radii (0.48 and 0.40 Å, respectively), one could assume that Xe(VIII) can be incorporated into hyperbaric frameworks such as MgSiO3 perovskite. The ability of Xe to form stable inorganic frameworks can further extend the rich and still enigmatic chemistry of this noble gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Britvin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg (Russia).
| | - Sergei A Kashtanov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka (Russia)
| | | | - Andrey A Gurinov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg (Russia)
| | - Oleg V Glumov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg (Russia)
| | | | - Yury L Kretser
- V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute, 2nd Murinskiy Ave. 28, 194021 St. Petersburg (Russia)
| | - Anatoly N Zaitsev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg (Russia)
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka (Russia)
| | - Sergey V Krivovichev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg (Russia)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan X, Chen Y, Kuang X, Xiang S. Structure, stability, and superconductivity of new Xe–H compounds under high pressure. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-111, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-111, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shikai Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-111, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Somayazulu M, Dera P, Smith J, Hemley RJ. Structure and stability of solid Xe(H2)n. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4908265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maddury Somayazulu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Dera
- GSECARS, Advanced Photon Source, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jesse Smith
- HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Russell J. Hemley
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Haner
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Palin L, Caliandro R, Viterbo D, Milanesio M. Chemical selectivity in structure determination by the time dependent analysis of in situ XRPD data: a clear view of Xe thermal behavior inside a MFI zeolite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17480-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02522b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PSD/PCA analysis of MED data allowed to enhance the chemical selectivity in X-ray powder diffraction and to obtain Xe substructure into MFI zeolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’ (Italy)
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
- Nova Res s.r.l
| | | | - Davide Viterbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’ (Italy)
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘‘A. Avogadro’’ (Italy)
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We present results from first-principles calculations on solid xenon-oxygen compounds under pressure. We find that the xenon suboxide Xe3O2 is the first compound to become more stable than the elements, at around P = 75 GPa. Other, even more xenon-rich compounds follow at higher pressures, while no region of enthalpic stability is found for the monoxide XeO. We establish the spectroscopic fingerprints of a variety of structural candidates for a recently synthesized xenon-oxygen compound at atmospheric pressure and, on the basis of the proposed stoichiometry XeO2, suggest an orthorhombic structure that comprises extended sheets of square-planar-coordinated xenon atoms connected through bent Xe-O-Xe linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hermann
- †Centre for Science under Extreme Conditions, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- ‡Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and The Institute for Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Seoung D, Lee Y, Cynn H, Park C, Choi KY, Blom DA, Evans WJ, Kao CC, Vogt T, Lee Y. Irreversible xenon insertion into a small-pore zeolite at moderate pressures and temperatures. Nat Chem 2014; 6:835-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Zhu L, Liu H, Pickard CJ, Zou G, Ma Y. Reactions of xenon with iron and nickel are predicted in the Earth's inner core. Nat Chem 2014; 6:644-8. [PMID: 24950336 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the Earth's atmosphere have shown that more than 90% of the expected amount of Xe is depleted, a finding often referred to as the 'missing Xe paradox'. Although several models for a Xe reservoir have been proposed, whether the missing Xe could be contained in the Earth's inner core has not yet been answered. The key to addressing this issue lies in the reactivity of Xe with Fe/Ni, the main constituents of the Earth's core. Here, we predict, through first-principles calculations and unbiased structure searching techniques, a chemical reaction of Xe with Fe/Ni at the temperatures and pressures found in the Earth's core. We find that, under these conditions, Xe and Fe/Ni can form intermetallic compounds, of which XeFe3 and XeNi3 are energetically the most stable. This shows that the Earth's inner core is a natural reservoir for Xe storage and provides a solution to the missing Xe paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guangtian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kalinowski J, Räsänen M, Gerber RB. Chemically-bound xenon in fibrous silica. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11658-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01355g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High-level quantum chemical calculations reported here predict the existence and remarkable stability, of chemically-bound xenon atoms in fibrous silica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- , Finland
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Hebrew University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Crystal Structure Prediction and Its Application in Earth and Materials Sciences. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 345:223-56. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
27
|
Sanloup C, Bonev SA, Hochlaf M, Maynard-Casely HE. Reactivity of xenon with ice at planetary conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:265501. [PMID: 23848893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.265501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report results from high pressure and temperature experiments that provide evidence for the reactivity of xenon with water ice at pressures above 50 GPa and a temperature of 1500 K-conditions that are found in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. The x-ray data are sufficient to determine a hexagonal lattice with four Xe atoms per unit cell and several possible distributions of O atoms. The measurements are supplemented with ab initio calculations, on the basis of which a crystallographic structure with a Xe4O12H12 primitive cell is proposed. The newly discovered compound is formed in the stability fields of superionic ice and η-O2, and has the same oxygen subnetwork as the latter. Furthermore, it has a weakly metallic character and likely undergoes sublattice melting of the H subsystem. Our findings indicate that Xe is expected to be depleted in the atmospheres of the giant planets as a result of sequestration at depth.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu Q, Jung DY, Oganov AR, Glass CW, Gatti C, Lyakhov AO. Stability of xenon oxides at high pressures. Nat Chem 2012; 5:61-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
Because of the vast applicability of noble gases, a more detailed understanding of their chemical properties is necessary. Recently, Brock et al. successfully synthesized XeO(2) and demonstrated that it has an extended structure in which Xe(IV) is oxygen-bridged to four neighboring oxygen atoms using Raman and (16/18)O isotopic enrichment studies. On the basis of valence shell electron pair repulsion, XeO(2) belongs to the AX(4)E(2) arrangement and assumes a local square-planar XeO(4) geometry. In contrast, Xe(VIII) assumes a tetrahedral geometry when bound to four oxygen atoms. A theoretical comparison of the four-oxygen-bound Xe(IV) and Xe(VIII) species, based primarily on the density functional theory functional TPSS1KCIS, is presented herein. The properties of XeO(n)(OH)(4-n)(n-) species, where n is equal to 0, 1, or 2, were evaluated on this basis, and these results are compared with those of the well-known species XeO(4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hung Lai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shcheka SS, Keppler H. The origin of the terrestrial noble-gas signature. Nature 2012; 490:531-4. [PMID: 23051754 DOI: 10.1038/nature11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the atmospheres of Earth and Mars, xenon is strongly depleted relative to argon, when compared to the abundances in chondritic meteorites. The origin of this depletion is poorly understood. Here we show that more than one weight per cent of argon may be dissolved in MgSiO(3) perovskite, the most abundant phase of Earth's lower mantle, whereas the xenon solubility in MgSiO(3) perovskite is orders of magnitude lower. We therefore suggest that crystallization of perovskite from a magma ocean in the very early stages of Earth's history concentrated argon in the lower mantle. After most of the primordial atmosphere had been lost, degassing of the lower mantle replenished argon and krypton, but not xenon, in the atmosphere. Our model implies that the depletion of xenon relative to argon indicates that perovskite crystallized from a magma ocean in the early history of Earth and perhaps also Mars.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Abstract
This paper aims at reviewing the current advancements of high pressure experimental geosciences. The angle chosen is that of in situ measurements at the high pressure (P) and high temperature (T) conditions relevant of the deep Earth and planets, measurements that are often carried out at large facilities (X-ray synchrotrons and neutron sources). Rather than giving an exhaustive catalogue, four main active areas of research are chosen: the latest advancements on deep Earth mineralogy, how to probe the properties of melts, how to probe Earth dynamics, and chemical reactivity induced by increased P-T conditions. For each area, techniques are briefly presented and selected examples illustrate their potentials, and what that tell us about the structure and dynamics of the planet.
Collapse
|
32
|
Brock DS, Schrobilgen GJ. Synthesis of the Missing Oxide of Xenon, XeO2, and Its Implications for Earth’s Missing Xenon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6265-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Brock
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Gary J. Schrobilgen
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsivion E, Gerber RB. Stability of noble-gas hydrocarbons in an organic liquid-like environment: HXeCCH in acetylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19601-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Probert MIJ. An ab initio study of xenon retention in α-quartz. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:025501. [PMID: 21386255 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/2/025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been suggested that a significant amount of Xe can be absorbed in α-quartz and that this might be a significant process in the recycling of Xe from the atmosphere to the interior of the Earth. This suggestion is tested by ab initio calculations of Xe in α-quartz using DFT. Three distinct candidate sites for Xe absorption are identified-substitutional at the silicon vacancy (Xe@V(Si)), at the oxygen vacancy (Xe@V(O)) and at an interstitial site (Xe@I)-and each is shown to be mechanically stable at both P=0 and 2 GPa. The energetics and electronic properties of these defect structures are analysed and it is shown that there is an energy barrier to the absorption at all sites at T=0. If the Xe absorption is a single-stage process in a perfect crystal then the lowest formation energy barrier (at both P=0 and 2 GPa) is for Xe@I at the interstitial site. If absorption is a two-stage process due to vacancies being already present at finite temperatures, then the subsequent barrier to Xe absorption is much lower and Xe@V(Si) has the lowest formation energy. However, it should be expected that there will be a much higher density of oxygen vacancies available for Xe absorption under realistic Earth core conditions and so in this scenario it is to be expected that all three candidate sites should be occupied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I J Probert
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lignell A, Khriachtchev L. Intermolecular interactions involving noble-gas hydrides: Where the blue shift of vibrational frequency is a normal effect. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Not so noble. Nature 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/news.2008.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Khriachtchev L, Isokoski K, Cohen A, Räsänen M, Gerber RB. A Small Neutral Molecule with Two Noble-Gas Atoms: HXeOXeH. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6114-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077835v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Khriachtchev
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Karoliina Isokoski
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Arik Cohen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Markku Räsänen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nemukhin AV, Khriachtchev LY, Grigorenko BL, Bochenkova AV, Räsänen M. Investigation of matrix-isolated species: spectroscopy and molecular modelling. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Ahn YH, Tsen AW, Kim B, Park YW, Park J. Photocurrent imaging of p-n junctions in ambipolar carbon nanotube transistors. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3320-3323. [PMID: 17939725 DOI: 10.1021/nl071536m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We use scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) to investigate the properties of internal p-n junctions in ambipolar carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors. Our SPCM images show strong signals near metal contacts whose polarity and positions change depending on the gate bias. SPCM images analyzed in conjunction with the overall conductance also indicate the existence and gate-dependent evolution of internal p-n junctions near contacts in the n-type operation regime. To determine the p-n junction position and the depletion width with a nanometer scale resolution, a Gaussian fit was used. We also measure the electric potential profile of partially suspended CNT devices at different gate biases, which shows that induced local fields can be imaged using the SPCM technique. Our experiment clearly demonstrates that SPCM is a valuable tool for imaging and optimizing electrical and optoelectronic properties of CNT based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Ahn
- Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie L, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiao L, Jiang L, Dai L, Liu Z. Photoluminescence Recovery from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12382-3. [PMID: 17887760 DOI: 10.1021/ja074927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Xie
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yanagi K, Iakoubovskii K, Matsui H, Matsuzaki H, Okamoto H, Miyata Y, Maniwa Y, Kazaoui S, Minami N, Kataura H. Photosensitive Function of Encapsulated Dye in Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4992-7. [PMID: 17402730 DOI: 10.1021/ja067351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit resonant absorption localized in specific spectral regions. To expand the light spectrum that can be utilized by SWCNTs, we have encapsulated squarylium dye into SWCNTs and clarified its microscopic structure and photosensitizing function. X-ray diffraction and polarization-resolved optical absorption measurements revealed that the encapsulated dye molecules are located at an off center position inside the tubes and aligned to the nanotube axis. Efficient energy transfer from the encapsulated dye to SWCNTs was clearly observed in the photoluminescence spectra. Enhancement of transient absorption saturation in the S1 state of the semiconducting SWCNTs was detected after the photoexcitation of the encapsulated dye, which indicates that ultrafast (<190 fs) energy transfer occurred from the dye to the SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yanagi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ma LC, Subramanian R, Huang HW, Ray V, Kim CU, Koh SJ. Electrostatic funneling for precise nanoparticle placement: a route to wafer-scale integration. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:439-45. [PMID: 17298013 DOI: 10.1021/nl062727c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a large-scale placement of nanoparticles through a scheme named "electrostatic funneling", in which charged nanoparticles are guided by an electrostatic potential energy gradient and placed on targeted locations with nanoscale precision. The guiding electrostatic structures are defined using current CMOS fabrication technology. The effectiveness of this scheme is demonstrated for a variety of geometries including one-dimensional and zero-dimensional patterns as well as three-dimensional step structures. Placement precision of 6 nm has been demonstrated using a one-dimensional guiding structure comprising alternatively charged lines with line width of approximately 100 nm. Detailed calculations using DLVO theory agree well with the observed long-range interactions and also estimate lateral forces as strong as (1-3) x 10(-7) dyn, which well explains the observed guided placement of Au nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chieh Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
In this critical review I describe fascinating experimental and theoretical advances in 'noble gas' chemistry during the last twenty years, and have taken a somewhat unexpected course since 2000. I also highlight perspectives for further development in this field, including the prospective synthesis of compounds containing as yet unknown Xe-element and element-Xe-element bridging bonds, peroxide species containing Xe, adducts of XeF(2) with various metal fluorides, Xe-element alloys, and novel pressure-stabilized covalently bound and host-guest compounds of Xe. A substantial part of the essay is devoted to the-as yet experimentally unexplored-behaviour of the compounds of Xe under high pressure. The blend of science, history, and theoretical predictions, will be valued by inorganic and organic chemists, materials scientists, and the community of theoretical and experimental high-pressure physicists and chemists (151 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grochala
- Laboratory of Technology of Novel Functional Materials, Interdisciplinary Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lefebvre J, Austing DG, Bond J, Finnie P. Photoluminescence imaging of suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1603-8. [PMID: 16895343 DOI: 10.1021/nl060530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended in air over trenches are imaged using their intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (1.0-1.6 microm). Far-field emission from extended suspended lengths (approximately 50 microm) is both spatially and spectrally resolved, and SWNTs are classified based on the spatial uniformity of their emission intensity and emission wavelength. In a few cases, emission assigned to different (n,m) species is observed along the same suspended segment. Most SWNTs imaged on millisecond time scales show steady emission, but a few fluctuate and suffer a reduction of intensity. The quantum efficiency is dramatically higher than that in previous reports and is estimated at 7%, a value that is precise but subject to corrections because of assumptions about absorption and coherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lefebvre
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0R6.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Chemistry Centre, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ,UK.
| |
Collapse
|